FOIMH PO&T
UN-AMKICAN ACTIVITY
IN (ALIFOfeNIA
1945
COMMUNIST FROHT OWAHIZATIOHS
OF M JOINT fA(I-flHDIN<i (OMMIIIEt
TO THE 1948 DELIAS ailfOHHIA U«IStATUtE
SACDAMENTO, 104!
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SENATOR }. HOWARD WlL
32d Senatorial District
CALIFORNIA LEGISLATURE
Fourth Report of the
Senate Fact- Finding Committee
On Un-American Activities
1948
COMMUNIST
FRONT ORGANIZATIONS
MEMBERS OF THE COMMITTEE
SENATOR NELSON S. DIL WORTH SENATOR Louis G. SUTTON
SENATOR FRED H. KRAFT SENATOR CLYDE A. WATSON
SENATOR HUGH M. BURNS, Vice Chairman
SENATOR JACK B. TENNEY, Chairman
LINNIE TENNEY. Secretary MURRAY STRAVERS, Executive Secretary
R. E. COMBS, Chief Counsel
PUBLISHED BY THE SENATE
LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR GOODWIN J. KNIGHT
President of the Senate
SENATOR HAROLD J. POWERS JOSEPH A. BEEK
President Pro Tempore of the Senate Secretary of the Senate
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL
SENATE CHAMBER, STATE CAPITOL
SACRAMENTO, March 25, 1948
Honorable Goodwin J. Knight
President of the Senate; and
Gentlemen of the Senate
Senate Chamber, Sacramento, California
MR. PRESIDENT AND GENTLEMEN OF THE SENATE :
Pursuant to Senate Resolution No. 75, which appears at page 3532
of the Senate Journal for June 20, 1947, the Senate Fact-Finding Com-
mittee on Un-American Activities was created and the following were
appointed by the Senate Committee on Rules :
Senator Hugh M. Burns,
Senator Nelson S. Dilworth,
Senator Fred H. Kraft,
Senator Louis G. Sutton,
Senator Clyde A. Watson,
Senator Jack B. Tenney.
The committee herewith submits a partial report of its investiga-
tions and findings.
Respectfully submitted.
HUGH M. BURNS,
NELSON S. DILWORTH,
FRED H. KRAFT,
Louis G. SUTTON,
CLYDE A. WATSON,
JACK B. TENNEY, Chairman
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
INTRODUCTION 1
Senate Resolution No. 75 1
Organization of the Committee 3
Fairfax Investigation and Hearing 4
Oakland Hearings 7
Vern Smith 8
Los Angeles Hearings 13
Appreciation and Acknowledgment 14
Citizens' Advisory Committee 15
Is America Blind? 20
The Communist Party of the United States Is an Agent of Soviet
Russia 20
PART I
ANALYSIS OF COMMUNIST FRONT ORGANIZATIONS 23
Why Communists Need Front Organizations 24
Every Communist an Agent of the Kremlin 27
Marxian Double-Talk 27
Types of Communist-Influenced Organizations 28
Types of Communist Front Organizations 31
Organizations Classified by Proportion of Communist Influence 32
Communist Created and Controlled Organizations 34
Communist Created or Controlled Unions 36
Communist Infiltrated and Controlled Organizations 38
Communist Infiltrated and Dominated Organizations 39
Communist Infiltrated, but Neither Controlled Nor Dominated 41
Communist Infiltrated Solely for Purposes of Espionage 43
Miscellaneous Groups 44
Organizations Classified by Communist Purpose and Objective 44
The Six Basic Divisions of Communist Front Organizations 46
(1) The Indispensable Organizations for Revolution 46
I. Communist Basic Organizations 47
II. Communist Controlled Publications and Infor-
mation Services 48
(2) Culture and Science 50
I. Arts and Culture 50
II. Sciences and Professions 52
III. Youth and Education 53
(3) Communist Fronts for Domestic Affairs 54
I. Defense, Honoring and Support of Known Com-
munist Organizations 55
II. Legal Defense and Civil Rights 56
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS— Continued
ANALYSIS OF COMMUNIST FRONT ORGANIZATIONS—
Continued
Page
"Thought Control" 58
III. Political and Legislative 61
(4) Communist Fronts for Foreign Policy 63
I. Fronts for Support and Praise of the Soviet
Union 65
II. Fronts for Support and Praise of Communist
Dominated Nations and Communist Parties in
Other Lands 66
III. Fronts on War, Peace and Foreign Relations 66
(5) Fronts for Appeals to Basic Groups 67
I. Fronts In, and For, Organized Labor 69
II. Fronts for Charity, Relief and Unemployed 72
III. Fronts for Racial, Refugee and Alien Groups 73
IV. Fronts for Veterans and Military 75
V. Fronts for Farmers 76
VI. Fronts for Consumers 76
What Is a Stalinist? 78
The Stigma of Stalinism 80
The Four Types of Stalinists 81
(1) Communists 81
(2) Fellow-Travelers 81
(3) Opportunists 82
(4) Dupes : -.. 82
Interchangeability of Stalinist Types 83
The Telltale Marks of Stalinism 83
Stalinism Is a Disease 84
Basic Tests of a Communist-Stalinist Organization 84
(1) Sponsorship 84
(2) Organization 85
(3) Printing and Publicity 85
(4) Policies 86
(5) Tactics 86
(6) Attitude on Foreign Affairs 87
(7) Attitude on Domestic Affairs 87
(8) Attitude on National Security 88
(9) Attitude on Marxism-Leninism-Stalinism 89
PART II
COMMUNIST FRONT ORGANIZATIONS 91
Abolish Peonage Committee 93
Abraham Lincoln Brigade 93
Abraham Lincoln School 95
Actors' Laboratory Theater 95
Age of Treason 106
All- America Anti-Imperialist League 106
All-California Conference for Defense of Civil Rights and Aid
To Labor's Prisoners 107
iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS— Continued
COMMUNIST FRONT ORGANIZATIONS— Continued
Page
All-Union Society for Cultural Relations With Foreigners
(VOKS) 107
American Civil Liberties Union 107
American Committee for a Free Indonesia 112
American Committee for a Korean People's Party 112
American Committee for Democracy and Intellectual
Freedom 112
American Committee for Indonesian Independence 113
American Committee for Protection of Foreign Born 113
American Committee for Russian Famine Relief 114
American Committee for Spanish Freedom 115
American Committee for Yugoslav Relief £ 131
American Committee to Aid Soviet Russia 141
American Committee to Save Refugees 141
American Communications Association — CIO 141
American Federated Russian Famine Relief Committee 141
American Friends of the Chinese People 142
American Friends of Czechoslovakia 145
American Friends of the Soviet Union 145
American Fund for Public Service 145
American Jewish CongresS 145
American League Against War and Fascism 149
American League for Peace and Democracy 149
American Peace Crusade 160
"Information for Peace Crusaders" 160
American Peace Mobilization 161
American People 's Fund 168
American Relief for Greek Democracy : 168
American Russian Institute 169
American Student Union 178
American Youth Congress 179
American Youth for Democracy 182
Anti-Imperialist League 188
Anti-Nazi News 188
Artef 188
Artists' Front to Win the War 188
Associated Film Audiences 193
Black and White 193
Book Union 194
California Labor School 194
Calif ornia Legislative Conference 195
Calif ornia Youth Legislature 195
Celebration of 15 Years Biro-Bidjan 196
Champion of Youth 196
China Conference Arrangements Committee 197
China Today 198
Citizens' Committee for Better Education 198
Citizens Committee to Free Earl Browder 200
Citizens Committee for the Motion Picture Strikers 201
v
TABLE OF CONTENTS— Continued
COMMUNIST FRONT ORGANIZATIONS— Continued
Page
Civil Rights Congress 201
Committee for a Democratic Eastern Policy 208
Committee for Defense of Ferdinand C. Smith 208
Committee for the First Amendment . 210
Committee to Aid Chinese Trade Unions 211
Committee to Defend America by Keeping Out of the War 211
Communist Dominated C. I. 0. Unions 212
Communist Party 212
Communist Party Book Stores in California 224
Communist Party Publications 224
Conference on Constitutional Liberties in America 226
Congress of American-Soviet Friendship 226
Congress of American Women 226
Daily Worker 232
Emergency Civil Liberties Conference 233
Emergency Committee on KFI 233
Emergency Conference to Halt the Blackout of Civil Liberties
in California 233
Exiled Writers Committee 234
Federation of Architects, Engineers, Chemists and Technicians _ 234
Film and Photo League *- 237
Film Audiences for Democracy 238
Films for Democracy 239
First State-wide Emergency Legislative Conference 239
Freedom From Fear Committee 239
Free Italy Society 241
Freiheit 242
Friends of Soviet Russia 242
Friends of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade 244
Friends of the Soviet Union 244
Frontier Films 247
Garland Fund 247
Garrison Films Distributors, Inc 247
Golden Book of American Friendship With the Soviet Union 248
Harry Bridges Defense Committee 248
Hollywood Anti-Nazi League 249
Hollywood Democratic Committee 250
Hollywood Independent Citizens Committee of the Arts,
Sciences and Professions (HICCASP) 252
Hollywood League Against Nazi-ism 255
Hollywood League for Democratic Action %55
Hollywood League of Women Shoppers 256
Hollywood Motion Picture Democratic Committee 256
Hollywood Quarterly 257
Hollywood Writers' Mobilization 258
ICOR 261
Independent Citizens' Committee of the Arts,
Sciences and Professions 262
vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS— Continued
COMMUNIST FRONT ORGANIZATIONS— Continued
Page
Institute for Democratic Education, Inc 263
InternationalJuridical Association 265
International Labor Defense 265
International Workers Order 267
Jefferson School of Social Science 269
John Reed Clubs 270
Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee 270
Joint Committee National Negro Congress and
United Public Workers 271
Labor's Non-Partisan League 272
Lawyers Committee to Keep the United States Out of War 272
League Against Imperialism 273
League of American Writers - 273
League of American Writers' School in Hollywood 275
League of Women Shoppers 277
League of Workers Theatres 278
Los Angeles Emergency Committee to Aid the Strikers 279
Los Angeles Youth Committee Against Universal
Military Training 279
Marine Cooks and Stewards Association 281
Affidavit of William D. Handelsman 282
Affidavit of George W. Crosby 292
Communist Persecution 298
Affidavit of Alex Harris 300
Mobilization for Democracy 308
Motion Picture Artists' Committee 310
Musicians' Congress Committee 310
Affidavit of Rena M. Vale 314
National Committee to Win the Peace 318
National Council Against Conscription 319
National Council for the Protection of the Foreign Born 321
National Council for Protection of Foreign Born Workers 321
National Council of American-Soviet Friendship 321
National Emergency Conference for Democratic Rights 327
National Federation for Constitutional Liberties 327
National Institute of Arts and Letters 330
National Lawyers' Guild 331
National Negro Congress 332
National People's Committee Against Hearst 333
National Share-Croppers Fund 334
National Student League 337
National Youth Assembly Against Universal
Military Training ___ 338
. New Masses 340
News of the World 341
News Vendors Union, Local 75, C.I.O 340
Now 341
Pacific Weekly 341
Pax Productions : 341
vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS— Continued
COMMUNIST FRONT ORGANIZATIONS— Continued
Page
People's Daily World 342
People's Educational Center 346
People's Peace 350
Progressive Citizens of America 353
Russian Reconstruction Farms, Inc 357
Russian War Relief, Inc 357
Schneiderman-Darcy Defense Committee 358
Screen Writers Guild 359
Second State-Wide Emergency Legislative Conference 374
Slavic Council of Los Angeles 374
Sleepy Lagoon Defense Committee 375
Social Work Today 375
Society for Technical Aid to Soviet Russia 376
Spanish Refugee Appeal 376
State- Wide Legislative Conference 376
Statement Defending the Communist Party 377
Student Advocate 377
Student Review 377
Theatre Arts Committee 377
United Negro and Allied Veterans of America 378
United Public Workers of America, C.I.O 379
United Spanish Aid Committee 382
Veterans of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade 382
VOKS 383
Western Council for Progressive Labor in Agriculture 383
Winner 383
Worker's Alliance of America 383
Workers Ex-Service Men's League 384
Writers Congress at the University of California 389
Writers and Artists Committee for Medical Aid to Spain-
Young Communist League 389
Young People 's Records
Young Progressive Citizen's Committee 393
viii
PARTIAL REPORT OF THE SENATE FACT-FINDING
COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES
IN CALIFORNIA
Introduction
Mr. President and Gentlemen of the Senate
The Senate Fact-Finding Committee on Un-American Activities in
California was created by Senate Resolution No. 75, adopted by the
Senate June 20, 1947.
The resolution is as follows:
SENATE RESOLUTION NO. 75
WHEREAS, These are yet times of public danger. Subversive persons
and groups are endangering our domestic unity so as to leave us unpre-
pared to resist attack from without or within. Under color of the protec-
tion afforded by the Bill of Rights these persons and groups seek to
destroy our freedom by force, violence, threats, undermining and sabo-
tage, and to subject us to the domination of foreign powers and ideol-
ogies; and
WHEREAS, There is danger that the ordeal through which the Country
has suffered to keep the pursuit of its ideals free may be in vain ; and
WHEREAS, Persons and groups, motivated by hatred of American
ideals, our republican form of government and democratic processes,
some bound together by allegiance to foreign powers, are even now seek-
ing to achieve by subversion what we have so valiantly fought to sustain
from force ; and
WHEREAS, California, as one of the laboratories of this great Nation,
may profitably study the problem within its boundaries, and enact perti-
nent legislation therein, if facts are available therefor ; and
WHEREAS, State legislation to meet the problem and to assist law
enforcement officers can best be based on a thorough and impartial
investigation by a competent and active legislative committee; now,
therefore, be it
Resolved by the Senate of the State of California, That
1. The Senate Fact-Finding Committee on Un-American Activities
is hereby created and authorized and directed to investigate, ascertain,
study and analyze all facts directly or indirectly relating to the fore-
going, to the activities of groups and organizations whose membership
include persons who are members of organizations who have as their
objectives, or part of their objectives, the overthrow of the government
of the State of California or of the United States by force and violence
or other unlawful means, all organizations known or suspected to be
dominated or controlled by a foreign power which activities affect the
conduct of this State in national defense, the functioning of any state
agency, unemployment relief and other forms of public assistance, educa-
tional institutions of this State supported in whole or in part by public
2— L-7088-D ( 1 )
2 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
funds, or any political program, or which may affect the conversion of
the State from a wartime economy to a peacetime economy or affect the
economic and social problems incidental thereto, including but not limited
to the operation, effect, administration, enforcement and needed revision
of any and all laws in any way bearing upon or relating to the subject
of this resolution, and to report thereon to the Senate.
2. In addition to the foregoing, the Senate Fact-Finding Committee
on Un-American Activities is authorized and directed to ascertain, study
and analyze all facts relating to the activities of persons and groups
known or suspected to be dominated or controlled by a foreign power,
and who owe allegiance thereto because of religious, racial, political,
ideological, philosophical, or other ties, including but not limited to the
influence upon all such persons and groups of education, economic circum-
stances, social positions, fraternal and casual associations, living stand-
ards, race, religion, political, ancestry and the activities of paid provoca-
tion and any other factors which may account for their conduct or con-
dition their action, as well as the operation, effect, administration, enforce-
ment and needed revision of any and all laws in any way bearing upon
or relating to the subject of this resolution, and to report thereon to the
Senate.
3. The committee shall consist of six Members of the Senate
appointed by the Committee on Eules thereof. Vacancies occurring or
existing in the membership of the committee shall be filled by the appoint-
ing power.
4. The committee is authorized io act during this session of the
Legislature, including any recess, and after final adjournment until the
final adjournment of the 1949 Regular Session, with authority to file its
final report not later than the last legislative day of that session.
5. The committee and its members shall have and exercise all of the
rights, duties and powers conferred upon investigating committees and
their members by the provisions of the Joint Rules of the Senate and
Assembly and the Standing Rules of the Senate as they are adopted and
amended from time to time, which provisions are incorporated herein and
made applicable to this committee and its members.
6. The committee has the following additional powers and duties :
(a) To select a chairman and a vice chairman from its membership,
and to employ and fix the compensation of a secretary and such clerical,
investigative, expert and technical assistants as it may deem necessary.
(b) To contract with such other agencies, public or private, as it
deems necessary for the rendition and affording of such services, facilities,
studies and reports to the committee as will best assist it to carry out
the purposes for which it is created.
(c) To cooperate with and secure the cooperation of county, city,
city and county, and other local law enforcement agencies in investigat-
ing any matter within the scope of this resolution and to direct the
sheriff of any county to serve subpenas, orders and other process issued
by the committee.
(d) To report its findings and recommendations to the Legislature
and to the people from time to time and at any time, not later than herein
provided.
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 3
(e) To do any and all other things necessary or convenient to enable
it fully and adequately to exercise its powers, perform its duties, and
accomplish the objects and purposes of this resolution.
(f ) To create subcommittees from its membership, assigning to the
subcommittee any study, inquiry, investigation or hearing which the
committee itself has authority to undertake or hold, and the subcom-
mittee for the purpose of this assignment shall have and exercise all of
the powers conferred upon the committee limited by the express terms of
the resolution or resolutions of the latter defining the powers and duties
of the subcommittee, which powers may be withdrawn or terminated at
any time by the committee.
(g) To adopt and from time to time amend such rules governing its
procedure (including the fixing of its own quorum and the number of
votes necessary to take action on any matter) as may to it appear
appropriate.
(h) To hold public hearings ^t any place in California at which
hearings the people are to have an opportunity to present their views to
the committee.
(i) To summon and subpena witnesses, require the production of
papers, books, accounts, reports, documents, and records of every kind
and description, to issue subpenas and to take all necessary means to
compel the attendance of witnesses and procure testimony.
7. The committee, each of its members, and any representative of
the committee thereunto authorized by the committee or by its chairman,
is authorized and empowered to administer oaths.
8. Every department, commission, board, agency, officer and
employee of the State Government, including the Legislative Counsel,
the Attorney General and their subordinates, and of any political sub-
division, county, city, or public district of or in this State shall furnish
the committee and any subcommittee, upon request, any and all such
assistance, and information, records and documents as the committee or
subcommittee deems proper for the accomplishment of the purposes for
which the committee is created.
9. The committee, or a subcommittee or the chairman when author-
ized by a majority vote of the entire committee, may meet outside the
State with similar committees of Congress or of the several states.
10. The sum of thirty thousand dollars ($30,000) , or as much thereof
as may be necessary, is hereby made available from the Contingent Fund
of the Senate for the expenses of the committee and its members and for
any charges, expenses or claims it may incur under this resolution, to
be paid from said Contingent Fund, and disbursed, after certification by
the chairman of the committee, upon warrants drawn by the State
Controller upon the State Treasurer.
ORGANIZATION OF THE COMMITTEE
Pursuant to Senate Resolution No. 75, the Senate Committee on
Rules appointed Senators Hugh M. Burns, of Fresno County ; Nelson S.
Dilworth, of Riverside County; Senator Fred H. Kraft, of San Diego
County ; Senator Louis G. Sutton, of Tehama, Glenn and Colusa Coun-
ties ; Clyde A. Watson, of Orange County ; and Jack B. Tenney, of Los
Angeles County.
4 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
At the committee's organizational meeting, Senator Jack B. Tenney
was elected chairman. Senator Hugh M. Burns was elected vice chairman.
Mrs. Linnie Tenney was elected secretary without compensation.
The committee has attempted to continue the work of similar com-
mittees functioning by authority of the Legislature since 1941. The
selection of Senator Jack B. Tenney, who has headed the previous com-
mittees, as chairman, insured continuity of investigations in the field
of subversive activity.
The committee has held public hearings in the City of Fairfax, the
City of Oakland, and in the City of Los Angeles, in addition to several
executive meetings.
FAIRFAX INVESTIGATION AND HEARING ;
The chairman of this committee received the following resolution
from the City Council of the City of Fairfax in Marin County, California,
on or about the tenth day of August, 1947 :
Resolved, that the City Council of the City of Fairfax, County
of Marin, State of California, in its investigation on Communism
and Un-American Activities, request help and assistance from the
State of California, through the California State Fact-Finding
Committee on Un-American Activities, California State Legislature.
Pursuant to this resolution a subcommittee of the Senate Fact-
Finding Committee on Un-American Activities headed by its vice chair-
man, Senator Hugh M. Burns of Fresno, conducted a one day hearing in
Fairfax on October 23, 1947. Witnesses who were subpenaed and testified
include Ernest Besig, Elsa Gidlow, Leslie A. Grosbauer, Sidney Hall,
John L. Rockwell, and Clarice Eleanor Stevens.
It appears from the record that Leslie Grosbauer was authorized
and directed by the City Council of the City of Fairfax to make an investi-
gation into alleged un-American activities in the city.
Mr. Grosbauer, a member of the City Council of the City of Fairfax,
and formerly the mayor of the city, testified that he had met Elsa
Gidlow in March of 1946 when she was prominent in the organization of
a group which became known as the Fairfax Residents and Taxpayers
Association. He stated that the association sponsored three candidates
for election to the city council who were ultimately elected. John L.
Rockwell, one of these candidates, became chairman of the council and
appointed Elsa Gidlow to the City Planning Commission.
After Grosbauer had resigned as mayor, remaining a member of the
city council, he was appointed by his successor, Mayor Charles F. Camp-
bell, to make an investigation of Elsa Gidlow and Communist activities
in the City of Fairfax.
Grosbauer introduced into the committee record a photostatic copy
of the September, 1939 issue, volume 1, number 4, of the Communist
publication, Black and White. The photostat revealed the following
information: Editor: Wilbur Needham; Managing Editor: Edward
Wall; Business Manager: Evans Stanwood; Associate Editors: Cedric
Belfrage, Robert A. Brady, Haakon Chevalier, Philip Dunne, Elsie
Gidlow, Helen Hosmer, Carey McWilliams, Dolph Winebrenner, Don-
ald Ogden Stewart, Bill Rogers, Louie R. Huber, and Ella-Winter.
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 5
Grosbauer also offered into evidence a photostatic copy of a letter-
head of the communist Schneiderman-Darcy Defense Committee. Among
other names included on this letterhead is the name ' ' Elsa Gidlow. ' ' Also
accepted in evidence is a photostatic copy of a pamphlet entitled ' ' Cen-
sored News— The News That the Press Won't Print." The pamphlet was
issued by the Schneiderman-Darcy Defense Committee.
Grosbauer testified that a Captain Henry Hemingway, who had
appeared frequently before the Fairfax City Council in tirades of abuse
against Grosbauer, gave a party at his home attended by Councilman
May Hax, Miss Elsa Gidlow, Ernest Besig of the American Civil Lib-
erties Union, and Mrs. Isabel Quallo. He stated that the Marin newspaper
stated that the ' * decorations for the occasion featured various shades of
red."
The Fairfax hearing of the Senate Fact-Finding Committee on
Un-American Activities was continuously interrupted by Morse Erskine,
attorney for Elsa Gidlpw.
Mrs. Clarice Eleanor Stevens testified that she had several conversa-
sations with Elsa Gidlow, and that the first conversation took place
during the formation of the committee that organized the Fairfax Resi-
dents and Taxpayers Association. Mrs. Stevens testified that she had
discussed the procedure for the Fairfax Residents and Taxpayers Asso-
ciation meetings with Elsa Gidlow and others and had suggested that
such meetings be opened with a pledge of allegiance to the Flag, the
playing of the national anthem, to be followed by " perhaps a short
prayer." She testified that her suggestions were stormily objected to and
that she was told that * ' that was carrying things just a little bit too far. ' '
Sydney Hall testified that his wife was Robin Hall, and identified
a photograph of Mrs. Hall which appeared in the People's Daily World
for September 19, 1947. He identified the name "R. A. Hall, organiza-
tional secretary, Communist Party, Marin County, P. 0. Box 271, Sausa-
lito, California, ' ' as that of his wife, Robin Hall. He admitted that both
himself and his wife are members of the Communist Party. His wife had
disappeared and he stated he did not know where she was ; that he had not
seen her for about two weeks.
John L. Rockwell, an attorney, member of the city council and for-
merly Mayor of the City of Fairfax, testified that the city had been
divided into two camps during the past two years and the people had
been engaging in a ' ' rather intense and protracted political fight. ' ' He
stated that he had appointed Elsa Gidlow to the city planning commis-
sion when he was chairman (or mayor) of the city council. He had met
Miss Gidlow some time in October, 1945.
Rockwell admitted that he had been a member of the Communist
American Student Union when attending the University of California.
He admitted that he had known Hazel McKanney (now Mrs. Aubrey
Grossman, wife of the educational director of the Communist Party in
San Francisco) when attending the university. He denied having been
arrested by the Berkeley police during a demonstration on the campus
in March of 1935. He stated that he was reprimanded by the police for
handing out handbills for a meeting, but that he was not arrested.
Rockwell admitted that he had subscribed to the Communist Party
periodical, the People's Daily World.
6 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
John L. Rockwell testified before the Yorty Committee during its
investigation of subversive activities in the State Relief Administration
in March, 1940. At that time Rockwell was an employee of the State
Relief Administration. He also was a member of the Communist initiated
and controlled State, County, and Municipal Workers of America. He
was an associate of Gene Chance and Communist Bronislaus Joseph
Zukas, who was convicted and served a jail sentence for contempt of the
Yorty Committee. He recalled that Communist John E. Jeffrey was the
president of the State, County, and Municipal Workers of America
when he (Rockwell) was in Visalia. He remembered that Communist
Alexander Noral was state president of the Worker 's Alliance of America.
Rockwell admitted having been president of the Students Rights
Association, an organization that protested the expulsion of Communist
Celeste Strack from the University of California. (Western Worker,
November 12, 1934.)
Elsa Gidlow testified that she had been a delegate to the Communist
Western Writers Congress in San Francisco. She admitted having
attended luncheons of the Communist Inter-Professional Association in
1937, and that she edited the Inter-Professional Association Bulletin.
She attended meetings of the Communist John Reed Club in San Fran-
cisco. She admitted that her name was listed as associate editor of the
Communist publication, Black and White, but stated that she had never
been active in that capacity.
Miss Gidlow testified that she was acquainted with Prof. Robert A.
Brady and Prof. Haakon Chevalier. She did not remember having been
affiliated with the Communist front, the Academic and Civil Rights Coun-
cil of Northern California (said to be a Communist front by no less an
authority than Ernest Besig of the American Civil Liberties Union),
although she was shown a letterhead for October 29, 1940, on which her
name was listed. She stated that she was unaware that her name had
appeared in issues of the Communist publication, the People's Daily
World. (March 30, 1940, October 29, 1940, and November 23, 1940.)
She admitted knowing Andree Rexroth and stated that she believed
that the woman was a Communist. Miss Gidlow admitted having been a
member of the Schneiderman-Darcy Defense Committee. She stated that
Andree Rexroth had once asked her to join the Communist Party but
that she had refused. She declared that she was ''definitely opposed to the
Communist Party. ' '
The committee finds that the officials of the City of Fairfax had good
reason to believe that the Communist Party was doing its level best to
create a chaotic situation within that city. Councilman John L. Rock-
weirs record indicates his sympathies for Communist organizations, indi-
viduals and causes. He offered no clear cut statement concerning his own
attitude toward Communists or the Communist Party.
The committee finds that Elsa Gidlow was affiliated in one capacity
or another with the following Communist organizations : Western Writers
Congress, Inter-Professional Association, John Reed Club, Black and
White, and the Schneiderman-Darcy Defense Committee.
Some Communist front organizations cleverly conceal their character
by the use of high sounding names, such as the Western Writers Congress
or the American League for Peace and Democracy. One might excusably
plead ignorance in joining such organizations. The members of this com-
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 7
mittee, however, believe that membership in such fronts as the Citizens
Committee to Free Earl Browder, or the Schneiderman-Darcy Defense
Committee is prima facie evidence of sympathy and supporting interest
in the cause represented by such traitorous individuals as Browder,
Schneiderman, and Darcy. No person in his good sense would knowingly
rush to the defense of the enemies of his country. A person would have
necessarily been a moron if he did not know that Schneiderman and Darcy
were Communists. Certainly Elsa Gidlow knew that she was supporting
and defending Communists when she became a member of the Schneider-
man-Darcy Defense Committee. She does not contend that she is ignorant
of the conspiratorial, criminal purpose of the Communist Party, and she
wouldn 't be believed if she made such an assertion. When membership in
a Communist front, such as the Schneiderman-Darcy Committee is estab-
lished, and it is then shown that the individual in question is affiliated
with other Communist fronts, individuals and causes, a pattern of Com-
munist fellow-traveling immediately follows as a logical conclusion.
The committee, long ago, concluded that the Red Card of Communist
membership proved nothing more than formal affiliation. The most
important Communists are not issued incriminating documentary evi-
dence. The real test, in the final anaylsis, is activity. When an individual
is known to be associated with Communist organizations, individuals and
causes over a period of years; denounces everything but Communism,
condemns the United States while praising Soviet Russia together with
the other activities advocated by the Communist Party, that individual
is a Communist, whether he has a book signed by Joe Stalin or not.
The committee finds that the Communist Party is making appreci-
able headway in its drive in Marin County. Advertisements carried in
the County's papers signed by R. Hall (Robin Hall), the organizer of
the Communist Party for that County, illustrates the usual Communist
technique in its "vanguard role of the proletariat."
The committee observes that the Rockwell-Gidlow axis in the City
of Fairfax is a familiar maneuver of Communist Party strategists. Don
Healy, husband of Dorothy Healy, organizing secretary of the Com-
munist Party of Los Angeles County and former Communist head of
Labors Non-Partisan League, was successful in securing an appoint-
ment to the Planning Commission of the City of Los Angeles.
The majority of the members of the City Council, City of Fairfax,
Mayor Charles F. Campbell and Councilman Leslie A. Grosbauer, are
to be congratulated on their vigilance in attacking the forces that are
determined to destroy, not only Fairfax and California, but the United
States of America as well.
OAKLAND HEARINGS
The committee met for a public hearing in the courthouse in Oak-
land November 3 to 6, 1947. The committee was interested in probing the
personnel and structure of the Alameda County Communist Party. It
was interested in the functions of the former Communist front, the Fed-
eration of Architects, Engineers, Chemist and Technicians, now the
United Office and Professional Workers of America. Many witnesses
were examined in reference to the Communist activities within the
Marine Cooks and Stewards, C.I.O. Among those who were questioned at
8 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
the Oakland hearing- were Carol Barnes, "William Patrick Brandhove,
Haakon Chevalier, Richard Gladstein, Arthur A. Griffey, David Hedley,
Walter Hesse, Martin Kaplan, Ruth McGovney, Sidney Roger, Rose
Segure, and Eugene Toopeekoff.
The over-all purpose of the Oakland hearing was an inquiry into the
interlocking directorate and personnel of a network of Communist front
organizations functioning in the San Francisco Bay area. The committee
found overwhelming evidence of strong Communist links between cer-
tain people in the University of California, the California Labor School,
the Marine Cooks and Stewards Association, the former Federation of
Architects, Engineers, Chemists and Technicians, the Communist pub-
lication, the People's Daily World, and the Communist Party generally.
The findings of the committee concerning individuals and organiza-
tions in the Oakland inquiry are set forth under their respective head-
ings in this report.
VERN SMITH
Vern Smith, a former member of the editorial staff of the Communist
publication, the People's Daily World, was subpenaed to testify before
the committee during its Oakland hearing. On November 5, 1947, Vern
Smith appeared before the committee but refused to be sworn or to
testify. The following is from the committee's transcript of testimony,
Volume XXXIII, pages 294 to 302 :
Mr. Combs : Will Mr. Vern Smith come forward, please ?
(Mr. Smith came forward and stood in front of counsel and
the committee.)
Mr. Smith: I wish to state that I support the principles of
Communism and do not * * *
Chairman Tenney : Mr. Smith, will you be sworn ?
Mr. Smith: I wish to state that I support the principles of
Communism and do not speak for it.
Chairman Tenney : The committee will stand in recess for about
five minutes.
(Five minutes recess taken)
Chairman Tenney : All right. The committee will come to order.
Is Mr. Smith here, Mr. Vern Smith ? The committee wishes to give
him another opportunity to be sworn and to testify.
(Mr. Smith came forward.)
Chairman Tenney : Will you be sworn, Mr. Smith ?
Mr. Smith: I will object to this committee and will attempt to
read this statement if you will be quiet and let me, instead of inter-
rupting me as you did the last time.
Chairman Tenney: Mr. Combs, Mr. Smith has handed you a
statement in which he makes a certain declaration — I think it's at
the end of the statement; the last two lines. Yes, they read: "I
therefore refuse to answer any questions by the Tenney Committee
or to be sworn as a witness before it. ' '
I offer this as an exhibit, the next number in order.
(Received in evidence and marked Exhibit 17.)
Senator Dilworth: I wish the record to show that Mr. Smith
is present and listening.
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Chairman Tenney : You refuse to be sworn, Mr. Smith ?
Senator Dilworth: I think it's quite obvious that he refuses to
be sworn.
Senator Sutton : I move Mr. Vern Smith be placed in contempt of
this committee for refusal to be sworn, being under subpena.
Senator Dilworth : I second the motion.
Chairman Tenney : The motion is that Mr. Smith be held in con-
tempt of the committee and cited therefor. It probably means we'll
have to take the matter up with the entire committee before enter-
ing citations.
Senator Sutton : Subcommittee ?
Chairman Tenney: All in favor signify by saying "Aye."
(Voting)
Chairman Tenney: Opposed?
Chairman Tenney: The motion is carried. Mr. Smith will be
cited for contempt by the entire committee, a meeting of which I
will call in the next week or two.
Mr. Combs : Mr. Chairman, I now wish to offer into the record
the evidence that I had prepared to introduce through questioning
Mr. Smith ; the information that we have concerning this prospective
witness. It is as follows : The name of the witness is Vern — it was
misspelled on the subpena. It was spelled ' * V-e-r-n-e. " Our record
shows it should have been spelled ' ' V-e-r-n, ' ' and our records on him,
which we would have endeavored to prove, had the witness con-
sented to be sworn, showed in 1927, 1928, Mr. Smith covered the
nation-wide coal strike for the Workers Press ; that in 1928 he was
the editor of a publication called "Labor Unity," which was the
organ for William Z. Foster, now chairman of the Communist Party
of the United States; William Foster's organ, known as the "Trade
Union Educational League/' which was located at 2 West 15th
Street, New York City, and in the issue of that publication for
September, 1928, Mr. Earl Browder was listed as Far Eastern
Correspondent. In 1931 he covered the Pennsylvania-Ohio mine
strike. According to the Daily Worker of New York for the — wait
a minute — yes, the third day of November, 1931, page 6, a person
named Vern Smith was a candidate on the Communist Party ticket
for the Assembly from Manhattan County, New York. Our informa-
tion doesn 't show whether that man, that person, is the Vern Smith
who is here present today, but of course the name is exactly the same.
In 1932 he covered the Lawrence Textile strike. Through 1934,
that is, from 1933 through 1934, and our records say probably 1935,
he lived and worked in the Soviet Union and was a correspondent
at Moscow for the Daily Worker of New York. In 1937 he resided
in Mexico. On December 20th of that year, 1937, the Western
Worker, which was the newspaper which preceded the People's
Daily World; that is, in December, 1937, the Western Worker, which
up to that time had carried on its masthead "Organ for the Com-
munist Party," and in parenthesis "A section of the Communist
International," went out of business, at least ostensibly, and the
next issue was called the "Daily People's World," of course, which
it still is called ; but the masthead of the Communist Party was dis-
continued at that time, although Mr. Chairman — and this is a
10 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
parenthetical remark, but I think an important one, that in 1945 —
I 'm quite sure it was — we had a hearing in San Francisco, at which
time Mr. William Schneiderman was examined by me in connec-
tion with this matter, and he was asked whether or not the Daily
People 's World was the official organ of the Communist Party. His
answer was that it was not. He was then asked if he ever heard of
a publication called the Party Organizer and he said he was familiar
with it and identified it as the official publication of the National
Committee of the Communist Party of the United States. Then
those issues were introduced as exhibits and it was stated from a
source, of course, higher than Mr. Schneiderman, who was Chair-
man of the Communist Party of California, that the People's Daily
World was an official organ of the Communist Party. Now, the
issue that I mentioned, that is, of the Western Worker — on Decem-
ber 20, 1937, it was announced that Vern Smith was to be Labor
Editor of the People's World. On May 22, 1938 Mr. Smith spoke
at a forum in the Green Street Theater in San Francisco on Mexico,
and the meeting was under the auspices of the League of American
Writers. Now, the League of American Writers was, on the twentieth
day of May, 1942, characterized by the United States Department
of Justice as a Communist front organization, according to the
Congressional Record of the United States. In order to explain it,
the organizations listed were so designated as Communist fronts by
the Attorney General of the United States, and a memorandum to
that effect was given to the executive heads of the various depart-
ments of the United States Government, and the League of Ameri-
can Writers, which sponsored the address given by Mr. Smith, was
included in that list.
Senator Dilworth : Could I see that, please ?
Mr. Combs: Yes, of course. (Handing document to Senator
Dilworth.)
Mr. Combs: Now, on March 14, 1939 the People's World
announced Mr. Smith had been indicted by the Grand Jury of
Shasta County for violating anti-picketing ordinances in that county.
The San Francisco Chronicle for September 27, 1939 announced his
ejection from the 40th Annual Convention of the California State
Federation of Labor in Oakland, after the privileges of the conven-
tion had been denied to representatives of the Communist press.
On April 2, 1941, according to the San Francisco Examiner,
Mr. Ben Gitlow, who was formerly a member of the National Com-
mittee of the Communist Party of the United States, testified Mr.
Smith was a high ranking American Communist. Mr. Smith, inciden-
tally, was then living at 675 Linden Street, San Francisco, Califor-
nia. Now, Mr. Chairman, we come to a tie-in between Mr. Smith and
the San Francisco Workers School. I have here an official announce-
ment of courses at the fall session of the San Francisco Workers
School, 675 Minna Street, San Francisco, California. In the foreword
this statement appears. This is on page five, and I 'm quoting : ' ' It is
necessary to state that the Workers School is the only school in San
Francisco which authoritatively bases its education on the theory
of Marxism — Leninism, under the official guidance and leadership
of the Communist Party of the United States and the Communist
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 11
International. " I also have an official announcement of the San
Francisco Workers School for 1936. The one I just referred to was
1934. It was then located at 121 Haight Street, San Francisco, Cali-
fornia, which was the address of the Communist Party of California.
Now, the People's World for May 22, 1942 states that Mr.
Smith is the Temporary Trustee of the New Workers School, to
be established in San Francisco.
On July 1, 1942 the People's World announced that Mr. Smith
would teach during the winter semester at the Tom Mooney Labor
School, the term being scheduled to commence on October 16th of
that year, 1942.
Now, in 1943, on March 3d of that year, the People's World
announced that Mr. Smith was to become its new foreign editor.
On March 15, 1943 the same publication, People's World,
announced he was teaching history; the history of the American
labor movement at the Tom Mooney Labor School for the spring
term of 1943.
On August 7, 1943 the People's World announced that Mr.
Smith would speak at Fugazi Hall, North Beach, San Francisco,
under the auspices pf the North Beach Branch of the Communist
Party of San Francisco.
On September 2, 1943 the same publication, the Daily People's
World, announced that Mr. Smith was a sponsor of Oleta 0 'Connor
Yates, Communist Party candidate for San Francisco Supervisor.
On April 7, 1945 the People's World announced Smith would
discuss the United States of Soviet Russia at the San Francisco Labor
School, San Francisco, and in July, 1945 the People's World
announced he would teach a course entitled, and I 'm quoting, ' ' Our
Allies — Britain, China and the Soviet Union in World Affairs," at
the California Labor School in Oakland.
Chairman Tenney: Mr. Combs, I'd like to announce that the
Communists are paying us a real compliment — they are picketing
the courthouse here. We will recess for five minutes. (Five-minute
recess.)
Mr. Combs : The next citation is from the San Francisco Chron-
icle for August 3, 1945, where it was stated that Mr. Smith would
analyze the news at the California Labor School in San Francisco.
On March 27, 1946, the People's World stated that he was still foreign
news editor for that publication.
On June 21, 1946, the People's World announced he would
address a public forum in Alameda County June 23d under the
auspices of the Communist Party, Alameda County.
Now, on August 28, 1946, the People's World announced Mr.
Smith had been discharged from the staff of that newspaper because
of his disagreement with its policies and on the next day, August 29,
1946, the People's World announced he had been expelled from the
Communist Party because of his basic disagreement with party poli-
cies and principles, and his participation in factional and slanderous
attacks against the party leadership. He was then replaced, according
to the People's World, by a man named George Lohr, as foreign news
editor. The committee has been informed that Mr. Smith having been
expelled — was expelled from the Communist Party because of the
12 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
fact that his own individual attitude was more revolutionary than
that of the orthodox party to which he had been affiliated, and for
that reason he was expelled, and that he thereafter formed an organi-
zation in San Francisco known as the Committee for Correspondence.
And the members of that committee comprised individuals who had
been expelled from the Communist Party.
Chairman Tenney : I think we should note at that point, Mr.
Combs, that the committee is also aware of the report that the expul-
sion of Mr. Smith is more or less of a phony move on the part of the
Communist Party for rather sinister purposes. Just what the reason
is we 're not quite sure, but we have a lot of information.
Mr. Combs : We are also informed that the orthodox Communist
Party planted a so-called informant or stool-pigeon, in Mr. Smith's
committee and that Mr. Smith discovered who that individual was
and a great deal of internal strife ensued. We have the name of the
individual who was planted in that organization. We also find that
Mr. Sam Darcy, who along about 1934 was extremely active in San
Francisco, with Mr. Schneiderman, as a party official, and who is
also an expelled Communist. His real name is Dardek. Our informa-
tion is that Mr. Smith and Mr. Sam Darcy have been in correspond-
ence quite recently. Now, I believe that 's all I care, Mr. Chairman, to
put into the record at this particular time concerning the witness,
or prospective witness, Mr. Vern Smith, who is, I might add, living
in San Francisco on Chestnut Street. I might also add that we
endeavored to serve Mr. Smith with a subpena a year ago when we
had our meeting in Oakland, and we were unable to locate him, so
that 's just all I have in connection with Mr. Smith.
Chairman Tenney : The chair will tentatively set November 10th
at 10 o 'clock in the morning at the State Building in Los Angeles for
a meeting of the entire committee. I make the announcement tenta-
tively because all of the members of the committee must be present.
At the committee's executive meeting in Los Angeles on November
10, 1947, the following resolution was introduced by Senator Sutton :
WHEREAS, The Senate Fact-Finding Committee on Un-American
Activities was by Senate Resolution No. 75 of the 1947 Regular Session
of the Legislature of California created and authorized and directed to
investigate, ascertain, study and analyze all facts directly or indirectly
relating to activities of groups and organizations whose members include
persons who are members of organizations which have as their objectives,
or part of their objectives, the overthrow of the governments of the State
of California or of the United States by force and violence or other
unlawful means, all organizations known or suspected to be dominated or
controlled by a foreign power which activities affect the conduct of this
State in national defense, the functioning of any state agency, or the
conversion of the State from a wartime economy to a peacetime economy,
or affect the economic and social problems incidental thereto, including
but not limited to the operation, effect, administration, enforcement and
needed revision of any and all laws in any way bearing upon or relating
to the subject of the resolution creating this committee, and to report
thereon to the Senate ; and
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 13
WHEREAS, It appears to this committee that Vern Smith is a former
news editor of the People's World and formerly a member of the Com-
munist Party and was discharged from his position with the People's
World and was expelled from membership in the Communist Party
for reasons which this committee believes were for purposes of subter-
fuge ; and
WHEREAS, It appears that Vern Smith formed an organization,
known as the Committee of Correspondence, which organization holds
meetings and engages in activities which this committee believes are for
purposes of propaganda ; and
WHEREAS, This committee caused a subpena to be issued to Vern
Smith, directing him to appear at Room 8 in the Alameda County Court-
house, Oakland, California, at the hour of 10 a.m. on Wednesday, the fifth
day of November, 1947, as a witness ; and
WHEREAS, The said subpena was duly served upon Vern Smith in San
Francisco County, by Thomas Fitzpatrick, Jr., on the thirty-first day of
October, 1947 ; and
WHEREAS, Vern Smith appeared before the committee at the time
and place specified in the subpena but wilfully refused to be sworn after
being directed so to do by the chairman of the committee, or to answer any
question ; and
WHEREAS, It further appears that such questions are material and
proper to the investigation now being conducted by this committee ; and
WHEREAS, It appears that the refusal of Vern Smith to be sworn is
wilful and contemptuous, and without lawful or any other excuse what-
soever ; now, therefore, be it
Resolved ~by the Senate Fact-Finding Committee on Un-American
Activities, That the attorney for the committee, R. E. Combs, is hereby
instructed to report the facts of Mr. Smith 's wilful refusal to be sworn
before this committee to the District Attorney of Alameda County, and
to take such other steps in relation thereto, including the formal signing
of any complaint which may be necessary, in order to prosecute Vern
Smith to the full extent permitted by law for his failure to obey the lawful
orders of this committee and in particular for his apparent violation of
Section 9412 of the Government Code of the State of California.
Senator Sutton moved the adoption of the foregoing resolution and
his motion was seconded by Senator Burns. All of the members of the
committee were present and the resolution was adopted unanimously.
The district attorney's office in Oakland is presently preparing a
complaint in compliance with the foregoing resolution.
LOS ANGELES HEARINGS
The committee opened public hearings in the Assembly Chambers,
State Building, in Los Angeles, on Monday, February 16, 1948. The pur-
pose of this hearing was similar to that of the Oakland hearing. The evi-
dence adduced supported the findings of the Oakland hearings and
revealed the interlocking directorate and control of man}'- Communist
front organizations in Los Angeles County. Those who were subpenaed
and testified at the Los Angeles hearings were : Aileen LaBelle, Dr. Helen
Hall Moreland, Louis Schwartz, William Axelrod, Virginia Gardner,
Frank Spector, Ben Richman, H. L. Mitchell, Henry Hasiwar, Katharine
14 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
McTernan, Roman Bohnen, Rose Hobart, Louis Spector, Ira Gershwin,
J. Edward Bromberg, Will Lee, Mrs. Frederic March, and Erick Lionel
Pridinoff. United States District Court Judge Leon R. Yankwich was
not subpenaed to appear before the committee but appeared voluntarily
February 19, 1948.
APPRECIATION AND ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The committee wishes to express its deep gratitude to the many indi-
viduals and organizations who have assisted the committee with its
extremely difficult task. It would be impossible to list the names of all
these individuals and organizations in this report, but the committee
extends its thanks and acknowledgment to each of them.
The city and county officials of Fairfax, Marin County; Oakland,
Alameda County ; and Los Angeles were courteous and cooperative. The
California highway authorities and members were helpful on all occa-
sions. Great assistance was given the committee and its attaches by the
sheriff's staff and the city police department in San Francisco. The sher-
iff's office in Los Angeles assisted cheerfully and efficiently in serving
subpenas. The Los Angeles Police Department was especially cooperative
and the courtesy and gentlemanly efficiency of the officers who were
assigned to the committee's Los Angeles public hearing reflected credit
and honor on the city 's chief and on the entire department.
The committee is deeply indebted to its staff. To those anonymous,
who for obvious reasons, must yet remain unnamed, the committee
extends its thanks for efforts expended and assignments accomplished.
The committee commends the work of its counsel, R. E. Combs of
Visalia, and wishes to publicly express its appreciation for his patriotic
services.
Murray Stravers, executive secretary to the committee, has been
tireless in his devotion to the committee 's work and has rendered invalu-
able service.
The committee is deeply appreciative of the work of Mrs. Linnie
Tenney, who has served as committee secretary without compensation.
For the many long hours spent in transcribing the stenographic notes
of this report, the committee extends its gratitude. To Mrs. Gertrude
Goodman, who has efficiently brought the committee's files up to date,
thus bringing order out of chaos, goes honorable mention and the com-
mittee 's thanks.
The participation of the many patriotic, fraternal, civic and service
organizations represented in the Citizen's Advisory Committee, men-
tioned elsewhere in this report, indicates the splendid cooperation and
assistance tendered this committee by such groups.
The newspapers of California, as in the past, have been cooperative,
fair and accurate in reporting the committee's activities. The exception
(including, of course, the Communist press), has been the Sacramento
Union. The Sacramento Union has been actually inaccurate, antagonistic,
and unfair.
Again, the Hearst papers — the San Francisco and Los Angeles
Examiners, San Francisco Call-Bulletin, Los Angeles Herald-Express
and the Oakland Post-Enquirer — the Los Angeles Times, the Oakland
Tribune, the McClatchy papers, Sacramento Bee, Fresno Bee, and the
UN-AMEEICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 15
Modesto Bee, and the Hollywood Citizen News, have been in the forefront
of newspapers representing the finest in patriotism and understanding of
America 's greatest menace. This same statement can be made for the over-
whelming majority of California 's rural newspapers.
To this group of outstanding California journals must be added
the Criterion, a patriotic, hard-hitting American-Negro newspaper in
Los Angeles. Its clean-cut Americanism, clear-thinking analysis of
American problems, and its understanding of the methods of the subver-
sive elements that would destroy the United States, is refreshing and
encouraging. Arnold Scott, Jeanne Severins, and Essex G. Jenkins have
made a real contribution to fine journalism and real Americanism in
giving Los Angeles the Criterion.
CITIZENS' ADVISORY COMMITTEE
In its executive meeting of November 10, 1947, in Los Angeles, the
committee unanimously adopted a resolution introduced by Senators
Watson and Kraft. The resolution is as follows :
Resolved that the Senate Fact-Finding Committee on Un-Ameri-
can Activities in California select from patriotic and fraternal organ-
izations which have heretofore shown an interest in combatting
un-American activities in California and the United States, an advis-
ory committee, to meet, consult and advise with this committee.
Pursuant to the foregoing resolution an advisory group was created
and met with this committee in the auditorium of the State Building in
Los Angeles on Sunday, February 15, 1948, at 1.30 p.m. The committee
had approved the following as members of the Citizens' Advisory Com-
mittee :
James T. Allen, representing Round Table International,
David L. Anderson, representing Catholic War Veterans of the
United States,
Mrs. W. B. Arndt, representing the Ebell Club of Los Angeles,
Marion Ashton, representing the American Legion Auxiliary,
Bernard K. Bakewell, representing the Trowel Club,
Philip Bancroft, Jr., representing Associated Farmers,
"William Bernfeld, representing Southern California Retail Drug-
gists' Assn. Ltd.,
John L. Bland, representing Improved Order of Red Men,
A. M. Blumberg, representing Jewish War Veterans of U. S.,
Mrs. Delor Bombardier, representing Catholic Daughters of
America,
Allan J. Bradshaw, representing Anchor Club,
Roy M. Brewer, representing International Alliance of Theatrical
Stage Employees, A. F. of L.,
L. E. Brown, representing Round Table International,
Karl C. Brueck, representing Independent Order of Odd Fellows,
Ella Bryan, representing American Legion Auxiliary,
Mrs. Charles D. Burt, representing the Ebell Club of Los Angeles,
J. P. Butler, representing California Farm Bureau Federation,
James T. Byrne, representing Anchor Club,
Dr. Reynaldo Carreon, representing California Osteopathic Asso-
ciation,
16 UN- AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Dr. Vincent P. Carroll, representing California Osteopathic Asso-
ciation,
Jose Carvajol, representing Catholic War Veterans of the United
States,
Vernon C. Cash, representing Knights of Pythias,
Borden Chase, representing Motion Picture Alliance for the Preser-
vation of American Ideals,
Ralph Clare, representing International Alliance of Theatrical
Stage Employees,
Mrs. Betty Cleary, representing American Legion Auxiliary,
Dr. Julius Cohen, representing Jewish War Veterans of U. S.
Hon. David Coleman, representing B 'Nai B 'Rith,
Mrs. Frank Collins, representing Catholic Daughters of America,
Mrs. Bessie Cooper, representing American Legion Auxiliary,
Dr. Joseph 0. Costello, representing California Osteopathic Asso-
ciation,
Genevieve Cramer, representing Catholic War Veterans of the
United States,
Loren Critser, representing Lions International,
Diana Curtis, representing American Legion Auxiliary,
Dr. Edward W. Davidson, representing California Osteopathic Asso-
ciation,
Ralph E. Davis, representing California Association of Private
Investigators, Inc.,
Willard B. Davis, representing Round Table, International,
Howard H. Desky, representing B 'Nai B'Rith,
Mrs. Ann H. Dippel, representing Native Daughters of Golden West,
Captain Lester J. Divine, representing Round Table International,
Mrs. Jean Edelstein, representing Jewish War Veterans of U. S.,
A. E. Eickholt, representing American Legion,
Major E. E. Eiler, representing AMVETS,
Jesse Elliot, representing Improved Order of Red Men,
Mrs. Eva 0. Enger, representing American Legion Auxiliary,
Dr. J. Gordon Epperson, representing California Osteopathic Asso-
ciation,
Edward A. Erickson, representing California State Association of
Life Underwriters, Inc.,
Mary Files, representing American Legion Auxiliary,
G. W. Fisher, representing American Legion,
James A. Fleming, representing Veterans of Foreign Wars,
S. Parker Frisselle, representing California State Chamber of Com-
merce,
James J. Gambs, representing American Legion,
Hon. Chester F. Gannon, representing American Legion,
Dr. Don C. Garn, representing California Osteopathic Association,
Walter Gaspar, representing American Legion,
Dr. H. M. Ginsburg, representing B'Nai B'Rith,
Dr. Charles H. Glass, representing Round Table International,
John A. Graham, representing Independent Order of Odd Fellows,
Mark Green, representing Los Angeles Acacia Club,
Miss Geraldine B. Hadsell, representing the E~bell Club of Los
Angeles,
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 17
Arthur B. Hammer, representing Jewish War Veterans of the
United States,
Lou Hammer, representing Jewish War Veterans of the United
States,
Harvey Harris, representing Educational Committee on Amer-
icanism,
Esther Hendrickson, representing Ladies Auxiliary of Veterans of
Foreign Wars,
Bernard G. Hiss, representing Native Sons of the Golden West,
John M. Hoffman, representing Lions International,
C. C. Holloway, representing Round Table International,
Marguerite Horn, representing American Legion Auxiliary,
Paul Huff, representing Associated Farmers,
Dr. Herk L. Hutchins representing California Osteopathic Asso-
ciation,
Dr. Leta B. Jackson, representing California Osteopathic Associa-
tion,
Ed James, representing Educational Committee on Americanism,
Bernice Johndrew, representing American Legion Auxiliary,
Ernest Johnson, representing Knights of Pythias,
Ruth Johnson, representing American Legion Auxiliary,
Dr. James M. Keating, representing Round Table International,
Miss Emma Kircher, representing Catholic Daughters of America,
Bert Kirkpatrick, representing Ancient Egyptian Order of Sciots,
Mary Kister, representing American Legion Auxiliary,
Mrs. Dana Kleinke, representing American Legion Auxiliary,
Harper Knowles, representing American Legion,
Dr. John C. Knowlton, representing California Osteopathic Asso-
ciation,
Jane Krause, representing American Legion Auxiliary,
James V. Lawry, representing California State Association of Life
Underwriters, Inc.,
Dr. John R. Lechner, representing Americanism Educational
League,
Rena Leigh, representing American Legion Auxiliary,
Ernest J. Loebbecke, representing Kiivanis International,
William Luton, representing Associated Farmers,
William P. Mahedy, representing Catholic War Veterans of the
United States,
Mrs. Tim Malony, representing Catholic Daughters of America,
Jean Mathias, representing Jewish War Veterans of the United
States,
Dave May, representing American Legion,
Mrs. Lou Meier, representing Catholic Daughters of America,
Herman Mellman, representing AMVETS,
E. A. Merritt, representing California Farm Bureau Federation,
Eldred L. Meyer, representing Native Sons of the Golden West,
Lome D. Middough, representing Educational Committee on Amer-
icanism,
Homer B. Miller, representing Round Table International,
Jess H. Miller, representing Native Sons of the Golden West,
Charles E. Millikan, representing Kiwanis International,
3— L-7088-D
18 UN- AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Dr. Joseph L. Molle, representing California Chiropractic Associa-
tion,
Mae Monteleone, representing American Legion Auxiliary,
Frankie Moore, representing American Legion Auxiliary,
Dr. Thomas L. Morgan, representing California Osteopathic Asso-
ciation,
Marie Murphy, representing American Legion Auxiliary,
W. K. Murphy, representing California State Association of Life
Underwriters, Inc.,
Virginia McClelland, representing American Legion Auxiliary,
John J. McDonald, representing Lions International,
Fred McGrew, representing American Legion,
A. Harold Noon, representing Catholic War Veterans of the United
States,
Phil Ohanneson, representing Rotary International,
Mrs. J. Henry Orme, representing the Ebell Club of Los Angeles,
Barbour Klawans Parker, representing Ladies Auxiliary of Veterans
of Foreign Wars,
William H. Parker, representing Anchor Club,
Judge C. E. Pecht, representing American Legion,
Miss Genevieve Penna, representing American Legion Auxiliary,
Dr. Willard W. Percy, representing California Chiropractic Asso-
ciation,
James H. Phillips, representing Kiwanis International,
George G. Pollock, representing California State Chamber of Com-
merce,
Waldo F. Postel, representing Ancient Egyptian Order of Sciots,
Dr. Edward C. Poulsen, representing California Chiropractic Asso-
ciation,
L. D. Pratt, representing California Manufacturers Association,
Jules 0. Pritchard, representing Knights of Pythias,
Mrs. Lucile Quiel, representing American Legion Auxiliary,
John T. Regan, representing Native Sons of the Golden West,
Neil W. Reid, representing Independent Order of Odd Fellows,
Mrs. Katherine Rosek, representing American Legion Auxiliary,
C. L. Roy Rudine, representing Lions International,
H. Gatch Runyan, representing Round Table International,
Dr. Harry R. Salisbury, representing California Osteopathic Asso-
ciation,
Ruth Sails, representing American Legion Auxiliary,
Frederick A. Schnell, representing California State Association of
Life Underwriters, Inc.,
Allison E. Schofield, representing AMVETS,
Frank Dee Scriven, representing AMVETS,
Edward A. Seeley, representing Independent Order of Odd Fellows,
Dr. Earl Shackelford, representing California Osteopathic Associa-
tion,
Barney Shain, representing Jewish War Veterans of United States,
Samuel Shannon, representing Associated Farmers,
Frank M. Shay, representing California State Chamber of Com-
merce,
Max Singer, representing Veterans of Foreign Wars,
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 19
Mrs. Esther Skoglund, representing American Legion Auxiliary,
Prentice G. Smith, representing AMVETS,
Earl Smittcamp, representing Associated Farmers,
Col. Henry Sommer, representing Jewish War Veterans of United
States,
Grant F. Soper, representing Anchor Club,
Miss Grace S. Stoermer, representing Native Daughters of Golden
West,
Jean Strobel, representing Associated Farmers,
A. J. Sturtevant, representing California Farm Bureau Federation.
Genevieve Sutherland, representing American Legion Auxiliary,
Frank Thornton, representing Catholic War Veterans of United
States,
Merle Toby, representing American Legion Auxiliary,
Ford M. Tussing, representing California Manufacturers Associa-
tion,
Edward R. Valentine, representing California State Chamber of
Commerce,
Mrs. Zella Venable, representing American Legion Auxiliary,
Joseph A. Vurgason, representing California Newspaper Publishers
Association,
Carl Wallace, representing Educational Committee on Americanism,
Leon Warmke, representing American Legion,
John S. Watson, representing California State Chamber of Com-
merce,
Keegan Watson, representing Associated Farmers,
Marguerita Westmoreland, representing American Legion Auxil-
iary,
Charles H. Widdows, representing Round Table International,
Martel Wilson, representing California State Chamber of Commerce,
Mrs. T. E. Wilson, representing American Legion Auxiliary,
Max Wolman, representing Jewish War Veterans,
George Ziegler, representing Educational Committee on Amer-
icanism.
Of the foregoing a majority of the Southern California members
were present. After preliminary introductions and a statement of
purpose by the chairman, the advisory committee met and organized.
Dr. John Lechner was made temporary chairman, and other temporary
officers were elected.
The committee plans to hold a meeting in San Francisco for the
members of the advisory committee who reside in the northern part of
the State, immediately upon adjournment of the Legislature. It is felt
that the advice of this broad representative group will prove of great
assistance to the Senate committee.
The foregoing list of members of the advisory committee is just
a start. The members of the Senate committee are hopeful that every
interested organization will be represented on the advisory committee
before the end of the year. All interested groups are invited to participate
and the list here presented was only limited because of the shortness of
time between the decision of the committee and its first joint meeting
in Los Angeles.
20 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
It is intended to divide the committee into northern and southern
groups so that no individual member will be put to expense in attending
meetings.
IS AMERICA BLIND?
The committee submits an editorial from the Banning Live Wire,
published at 78 South San Gorgonio in the City of Banning. The editorial
is entitled "Is America Blind?," and reads as follows:
It is an ironical fact that American Communists and fellow
travelers always scream to high heaven about their constitutional
rights when called to the witness stand. They fervidly embrace the
protections which the communist ideology, by its very essence, is
determined to destroy.
They have, of course, a perfect right to do this — the Constitu-
tion was drawn to defend the liberties of people of all political
faiths, all races, and all creeds. But there is a grim humor in seeing
it used as a defense by men and women who would destroy it.
From the point of view of the individual, there is little difference
between a communist, a nazi, a fascist, or a falangist government.
Every kind of totalitarian state is built on the same set of principles.
Every one of them says, in effect, that the state is supreme and that
the individual is nothing. There can be no such thing as personal
liberty — the right to do, think and speak what one pleases. They are
concerned with men and women only in the mass — as millions of
slaves who may be used ruthlessly to advance the purpose of the
state.
In this Country, the totalitarian forces are small in number.
But they are extremely well organized, and they are adept at decep-
tion and deceit. They are skilled at waving the Flag, and at demand-
ing in the name of Democracy measures which would destroy
Democracy. They are solidly behind every project which would
weaken free enterprise, which would increase industrial strife, and
which would pit class against class. The boring from within tech-
nique has been detailed and perfected by the advocates of the super-
state from Marx on down. It is an essential prelude to revolution
and internal chaos which permits a "strong man" to sieze power.
A nation can save itself from ultimate dictatorship in only one
way — by aggressively fighting every movement which would in any
way circumscribe economic and social freedom. There can be no
such thing as a limited freedom. We will have all or none. The
forces of totalitarianism count heavily upon American blindness
and tolerance as an aid to their work. The American people must
prove them mistaken.
THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF THE UNITED STATES
IS AN AGENT OF SOVIET RUSSIA
^ The committee unanimously finds that the Communist Party of the
United States is the agent of the Soviet Government and its totalitarian
dictator, Josef Stalin. The committee finds that the Communist Party
is, in no sense, a domestic political party.
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 21
The committee finds that, since its inception in September 1919 to
the present day, the communist movement in the United States is —
(1) An organization operating under centralized discipline
subordinated to the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, the single
and ruling party of that country ;
(2) A section of a World Communist Party, controlled by the
Communist Party of the Soviet Union ;
(3) An organization whose basic aim, whether open or con-
cealed, is the abolition of our present economic system and Republi-
can form of government and the establishment of a Soviet dictator-
ship in its place ;
(4) An organization resorting to deception, evasion, illegal
methods, violence, and civil war ; methods implicit in its revolution-
ary purpose ; and
(5) An organization whose members owe their first allegiance
to Soviet Russia, and who will, if directed by the dictatorship in
Moscow, utilize every method of espionage, sabotage, and treachery
against the United States and its institutions.
The major part of this report deals with organizations found to be
under the control of the Communist Party. In view of the above finding
of the Senate Fact-Finding Committee on Un-American Activities in
California, the significance of these groups as agents of the Soviet Union
become extremely important.
Parti
ANALYSIS OF COMMUNIST FRONT ORGANIZATIONS
The committee has determined that the most important continuing
functions of the Community Party in a nation not yet dominated by a
Red Fascist dictatorship, are to defend the Communist holy land, Soviet
Russia, and to prepare the way for the time when the Communist leaders
shall decide that circumstances justify an open bid for power through
violent revolution and establishment of a "dictatorship of the pro-
letariat".
In contrast to the blindness and apathy of citizens who are opposed
to Communism, the R-ed Fascists do not delude themselves that their two
basic functions can be carried on effectively by making speeches and
passing resolutions.
Communists work day and night at the practical job of infiltrating
existing organizations, so that they may be in a position to manipulate
it to their purpose. They are busy creating new organizations for their
purpose when none exist.
Behind a propaganda barrage of progress, reform and liberal slogans,
the Communists steadily pursue a formal, dogmatic, organized program
of infiltration into, and creation of, mass organizations, because they are
studious, fanatical and single-minded in their service to Soviet foreign
policy and the preparation for revolution in the country where they
live.
The committee has carried on a continuous program of investigation,
research and public exposure of Communism and of the methods that
Communists inevitably must pursue to work toward their self -declared
objectives.
In its public reports, issued in 1943, 1945 and 1947, the committee
has sought to present to the people of California a clear, unbiased state-
ment of the purposes and objectives, the tactics and methods of world
Communism, of Communist organizations in the United States; and
particularly, of Communist organizations in California.
Since 1941 the committee has procured and made available to the
people of California a huge mass of factual material, taken from official
Communist documents, publications, textbooks, communications and
confidential party instructions and decisions.
In addition, the accumulated testimony of witnesses now consists of
10,000 pages of sworn testimony, contained in 41 transcript volumes and
augmented by an unusually voluminous number of exhibits.
Sworn testimony of known Communist functionaries has been com-
bined with authorized Communist texts into a record that reveals, beyond
question or dispute, the theories, purposes, objectives, techniques and
methods of Communism.
From this mass of testimony and documentation, the committee has
selected the most indispensable material for inclusion within the limited
space afforded in three biennial reports. Because of the current nature of
the organizations and issues that have been under investigation, it hith-
erto has not been possible to present a specific, complete explanation and
(23)
24 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
compilation on the subject of the front organization as a major weapon
in the arsenal of Communist plotting and intrigue.
The committee is of the opinion, therefore, that one of the most
important services it can render the Members of the Legislature and the
people of California at this time is to present a definitive explanation of
the Communist front organization ; an analysis which will provide, within
one concise and factual compilation, the material that public officials,
police agencies, journalists and leaders of all organized segments of the
community must have readily available to them in authoritative form if
they are to carry out their obligations to their organizations, their State
and their Nation in meeting the problems raised by the Red Fascist con-
spiracy within the United States.
For the documented, detailed reports, the Members of the Legislature
and the citizens of California are referred to the committee 's 1943, 1945,
and 1947 reports.
WHY COMMUNISTS NEED FRONT ORGANIZATIONS
Communists become Communists to do something, not merely to join
and meet together. Regardless of how critical the citizen of any country
may be of policies, conditions and leadership within that country, he
thinks a long time before he faces the naked fact of revolution through
violence. Communists know this ; and consequently, while the hard core
of veteran revolutionaries who run Communist Parties are working
toward the twin goals of serving the foreign policy of Soviet Russia and
preparing for revolutionary seizure of power in their own country, they
seek to carry out these twin programs through subterfuge and trickery.
They have become adept in playing on the individual 's ambitions and the
complaints of organized groups.
Modern industrial civilization has complicated living to the point
where few individuals are effective by themselves. The modern world
provides modes of political, cultural, economic, and similar expression,
by group action. Frequently, individual competition is supplanted or
supplemented by group competition. This grouping of people for joint
action is more or less effective, more or less democratic, and more or less
constructive, according to the character, integrity and ability of those
who achieve positions of leadership through the inevitable processes of
promotion, appointment, selection and election in organized groups.
The Communist Party scientifically charts this organization into
groups in modern civilization and it plans and works to capture control
of key positions when possible. When this method fails the Communists
work to nullify and make impotent the leadership of groups it cannot
infiltrate or control, through ' ' rank-and-file " disruption and confusion.
Communist confusion is an organized and planned confusion and its
ultimate goal is to develop the ability to create the maximum of confusion
at the time when Communist strategy decrees an open bid for power
through revolutionary violence.
In the scientific blueprint for revolution that is laid down in official
Communist textbooks and taught in the Communist schools, interminable
analysis and study is given to the technique of manipulating organized
groups toward the eventual belief that they cannot solve their particular
problems or achieve their particular objectives within the framework and
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 25
limitations of a capitalist economy and a parliamentary government. The
final goal of Communist infiltration into organized groups is to dominate
the sentiment of such groups — running the gamut from ignorant apathy
to active acceptance — for the purpose of permitting the hardened core of
revolutionaries to seize power at the proper time.
For this purpose in the long range Communist plan, an apathetic,
inert organization, incapable of united and decisive action in a crisis, is
just as valuable as an organization that is enthusiastically working to
serve the Communist program. Either attitude serves the purposes of the
Red Fascist conspiracy.
However, pending the long-range program of eventual world-wide
1 ' dictatorship of the proletariat ' ' Communist strategists study and work
to put into effect temporary, immediate popular, localized and special
purpose-policies and projects.
The creation and conduct of such policies and projects make up
what has come to be known as the ' ' Communist party line. ' '
The ' l party line ' ' consists of the immediate policies of the moment,
which frequently are contradictory. Sometimes it will center on popular
issues. Again, it will center on generally unpopular issues. But, invari-
ably, it follows a pattern that consistently involves the members of labor,
liberal, minority and cultural groups. The over-all purpose is to establish
the " vanguard" position of Communism and to pose as the only true
friend of the ' ' struggling masses. ' '
Even when Communists, in pursuing the devious twists and turns
of the " party line," are disrupting and confusing formal, considered
policies of labor, liberal and minority organizations, they consistently
direct smear campaigns at the responsible leaders of the organizations
in question.
Front organizations are indispensable to such a program. The inde-
fatigable plotting and scheming of the leaders of world Communism has
developed the theory and technique of the front organization to the high-
est level of systematic efficiency in the world 's history.
Communist theory and technique is based on a huge mass of ana-
lytical, historical and theoretical teachings, accumulated since Commu-
nism was launched in 1848 with Karl Marx's "Communist Manifesto,"
a hundred years ago.
Much of it is openly and plainly presented to Communists as a
study of strategy and tactics to achieve a successful revolution and com-
plete seizure of power under a 1 1 dictatorship of the proletariat. ' ' How-
ever, a great mass of it is thinly disguised as history. This later element
is particularly valuable to the teaching of Marxist revolutionary doc-
trine, where Communists are obliged to conduct their proselyting and
organizing surreptitiously.
The average American can secure a very good basic concept of the
special purpose and approach of this huge mass of revolutionary Marxian
literature by a comparison with popular American sports.
Football, baseball, golf and other sports are described in detail and
from every viewpoint in a mass of technical literature.
Communist handbooks, that may be bought openly in Communist
bookstores throughout America, reveal a pattern of psychological, organ-
izational and propaganda technique that directly parallels the systems
and stratagems of the popular sports.
26 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
There the analogy ends !
In sports, the object is to win, and the system and stratagems are
devised for the purpose of winning. Sportsmen always play to win, but
test of sportsmanship is the will to win only within the rules, to win fairly.
To Communists, the object also is to win and the prize is the Com-
munist dictatorship of the world. But the literature of Communist tactics
and strategies proclaims openly and brazenly, and with never a variation,
that fraud, deceit, dishonesty and trickery are the indispensable ingredi-
ents of a successful revolutionary movement.
The inability of the average American, trained in the ideals of fair
play and good sportsmanship, to understand this basic tenet of Commu-
nist strategy and tactics in day-to-day relations is one of the major rea-
sons why Communists are consistently successful in either capturing or
disrupting organized groups whenever it serves the purpose of the ' ' party
line."
The most pronounced difference between ordinary American mem-
bers of an organization and the Communist Trojan Horse clique within
an organization, is in their attitude toward parliamentary procedure and
tactics.
Parliamentary procedure, based on Robert's Rules of Order and
other authorities, and on constitutional provisions and rules, is the method
through which group actions are accomplished in an orderly way. Without
some system such as the formal process of parliamentary procedure, an
assemblage of any group quickly degenerates into an unruly mob.
Since the control and manipulation of organized groups is vitally
necessary to Red Fascist strategy and tactics, every Communist must
study and master parliamentary procedure to the limit of his individual
ability and natural talent.
In contrast, the average non-Communist member of an organization
is familiar with only the most rudimentary phases of parliamentary pro-
cedure. They are not obligated by any secret, conspiratorial authority
outside the organization to which they belong, to study parliamentary
procedure and strategy. Further, the subject, while vitally important to
the conduct of organized group activities, is too infrequently taught for
information and guidance to be easily available to leaders of organizations
who want to learn more about the conduct and control of meetings.
Because of this disparity between the Communist professional par-
liamentarians and the anti-Communist amateurs, time after time the
Communists put over their programs within organized groups against
the openly expressed desire of the majority. Failing this, they usually are
able to block and defeat the desires of the majority group.
Second to the Communist study and mastery of parliamentary tricks,
is the Red Fascist science of confusion and misrepresentation in debate.
Communists are not committed to any moral or ethical code and they
have no respect for the basic principles, purposes and goals of any organi-
zation they seek to infiltrate and control.
Consequently, while a non-Communist member or group in an
organization is thinking and talking in terms of the ethical, political and
aspirational ideals of the organization, the Communists are free to engage
in any misrepresentation, confusion, personal abuse or emotional appeal
that will advance their purpose of the moment.
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 27
The most familiar and monotonously repeated device of Communists
in debate is the use of the " unity" theme as a basis for twisting and
manipulating organized groups to serve the purposes of the ' ' party line. ' '
The device is used by Communists with consistent success to protect
Communist leaders and key policies from attack and repudiation. Unin-
formed members of groups, who abhor controversy and internal dissen-
sion, have voted against their own best interests repeatedly under the lure
of the Communist siren-song of * ' unity. ' '
Unity is necessary within any organization, but no group or groups
ever can have unity with Communism or Communist factions except at
the price of unvarying subservience or agreement with the Communist
"party line" of the moment. The sooner this basic truth is learned by
the leadership and the members of all organized groups in America, and
particularly in California, the sooner will it be possible to prevent and
defeat the Red Fascist plotting to trick and confuse organized segments
of the community to follow appealing slogans and wild promises to
eventual destruction.
EVERY COMMUNIST AN AGENT OF THE KREMLIN
The committee has found in its investigations and has stated in pre-
vious reports, that every Communist Party in every country is rigidly
committed by publicly proclaimed Communist doctrine to serve the
purposes of Soviet foreign policy and to work steadily and systematically
for the eventual violent revolutionary overthrow of the governments of
all nations, and to replace them with the ' t dictatorship of the proletariat. ' '
The committee has found and has documented its findings, and it
reiterates, that it is indispensable to Communist Parties in every country
to create front organizations, and to infiltrate, dominate or disrupt all
existing organized groups, in order to carry Communist theory into the
practical sphere of workaday relations.
Finally, the committee has found that a definitive analysis of the
purpose, structure, types and uses of front organizations is needed at this
time for the information of the Members of the Legislature and the people
of California, and it presents herewith such an analysis together with
a compilation of important front organizations now subject to Communist
domination or infiltration.
MARXIAN DOUBLE-TALK
A major feature of the committee's work in the past has been the
study and the presentation of the Marxian theories and techniques that
constitute Red Fascism in action. In this carefully documented presenta-
tion, the committee has made a special point to quote liberally in its 1943,
1945 and 1947 reports from the actual testimony of known Communists
and from official Communist textbooks and publications.
In its presentation of the analysis of Red Fascist objectives and
technique, the committee has used the terminology and phraseology of
Marxism to a great extent ; and in its devotion to absolute accuracy and
documentation, the committee has presented large sections of Marxist
testimony and writing ; and has placed this material before the Members
of the Legislature and the people of California so that they may draw
their own conclusions.
28 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
However, the committee and its individual members, many legislators
and public officials and leaders of responsible California organizations,
receive repeated requests and suggestions that the committee make avail-
able to the people of California a report on Communistic activity, espe-
cially in the field of front organizations, that will be phrased in the
language of the man in the street and which will translate the Marxian
terms and phrases into plain English in a simplified presentation.
The committee is cognizant of the general demand for such an author-
itative and simplified interpretation of the Marxist program for world
revolution as it is carried on behind the tricky slogans and propaganda
of California Communists and their fellow-travelers in mass organizations
and in day-to-day public affairs.
The committee has given considerable time, study and research in
an effort to secure an authoritative and accurate interpretation of the
methods, classifications, techniques and outlets for Communist front
organization manipulation. It is hoped that this interpretation will assist
in translating Marxist double-talk into plain English. The committee
believes that this presentation will provide a research and information
facility that will be welcomed by the Members of the Legislature and the
responsible leaders of California.
TYPES OF COMMUNIST-INFLUENCED ORGANIZATIONS
No organized group can exist in America today without the Com-
munist Party having some attitude and policy toward it. Communist
Policy may run the gamut from seeking absolute control to malevolent
destruction.
Through various periods of the shifting ' ' party line, ' ' the Commu-
nist Party may assume utterly contradictory attitudes toward an organi-
zation. In every instance, however, the attitude will be what Red Fascist
strategists in a particular country assume to be the best tactic of the
moment to further the foreign policy of Soviet Russia, or to advance the
over-all aim of eventual violent revolution in their own land.
The Communist Party position in and toward a particular organiza-
tion is determined by a number of factors. Consequently there are readily
identifiable types of Communist-influenced organizations that can be
catalogued.
The Marxist strategists and tacticians are well aware of the fact
that they are forced to work through front organizations to carry out
their twin program of treachery and conspiracy for two basic reasons :
(1) Communists know that an openly Communist political
party or organization that frankly puts forward the fundamental
Communist program inevitably is a complete failure in the political
and propaganda fields ;
(2) For tactical reasons in its conspiratorial operations, the
Communists never have more than ten percent of any Communist
Party above-ground during the period of building toward the
eventual goal of revolution.
Since the Communist Parties are pledged to protect Soviet Russia
and advance the proletarian revolution everywhere else in the world,
Marxist theorists long since clearly and openly have accepted the need
for duplicity, treachery and trickery to accomplish their purposes.
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 29
The phrase, "front organization," while it has taken on a tone of
opprobium through public exposure of Communist front activities, never
was invented by anyone as a smear phrase, but actually was borrowed
from Communist terminology.
A front organization, therefore, is an organization that provides an
apparently non-Communist facade, behind which Communists and fellow-
travelers in control of the organization can carry out strategical and
tactical moves in behalf of the current "party line".
Marxist recognition of the need to operate behind false fronts has
been expounded and clarified in a complicated theory, known as the
"vanguard role" of the Communist Party. Under this theory Marxists
justify to themselves their established practice of infiltrating existing
organizations when it serves their purpose and of creating organizations
when none exists to fill a special strategical or tactical need.
This absolute necessity for advancing a program that is supposed
to solve all the material problems of mankind behind a mask of treachery
and duplicity is one of the great contradictions of Communism, which
itself proclaims is the only system that can save mankind from the ills
and problems of contradictions which Marxists assert are found in capi-
talist economy and in parliamentary government.
Once the American people learn to understand this dilemma of
Communism, they will have the key to the analysis and evaluation of
Communist programs and policies ; and with it, the ability to meet Com-
munist disruption and defeat it.
The committee has pointed out that the Marxist program has been
fully outlined and documented in the published reports by this com-
mittee for 1943, 1945 and 1947 ; and also by other authoritative govern-
mental agencies and legislative committees.
The committee points out specifically that the basic theory of the
"vanguard role" of the Communist Party has been admitted and
explained under oath by William Z. Foster, present national chairman
of the Communist Party of the United States, and by Earl Browder,
former general secretary of the Communist Party of the United States,
before Congressional investigating bodies; and by William Schneider-
man, present secretary and administrative head of the Communist Party
of California, and other Communist functionaries, before this committee.
The Marxist principle of creating front organizations and of infiltrat-
ing mass organizations has been exposed and documented beyond any
possible refutation. It has been proved to be the chief business of the Com-
munist Party in the United States, and the basic framework upon which
has been erected the entire Communist structure of sabotage, sedition,
espionage and treachery against the American people and their govern-
ment.
The gist of this theory of the "vanguard role" of the Communist
Party in creating and manipulating front organizations, is summed up
specifically by the present titular head of world Communism, Joseph
Stalin, in the official Communist-published text of a brutally frank blue-
print for revolution, "Foundations of Leninism."
Discussing the tactical theory that all Communists must study and
rehearse interminably, Joseph Stalin says :
30 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
' ' Tactical leadership is a part of strategic leadership, subordin-
ated to the problems of, and the demands upon, the latter. The task
of tactical leadership is to handle all the forms of struggle and of
organization of the proletariat and assure their correct utilization
' in order to achieve the maximum results obtainable with the relative
strength of the forces available, the maximum necessary in prepar-
ing strategic success.
« * * * ^e correct utilization of the forms of struggle and of
organization * * * means fulfilling several necessary conditions of
which the following may be considered the principal ones :
"First: to bring to the forefront those forms of struggle and
of organization which are best suited to the conditions prevailing
during the ebb or flow of the movement, and, therefore, calculated
to facilitate and assure the shifting of the masses to revolutionary
positions, the shifting of millions to the revolutionary front and
their assignment to various posts at the revolutionary front.
"The point here is not that the vanguard shall realize the impos-
sibility of preserving the old order of things and the inevitability
of its collapse but that the vast masses shall understand this inevit-
ability and display their readiness to support the vanguard.
"But the masses can understand this only through their own
experiences. The task is to enable the vast masses to understand
* * * the inevitability of the overthrow of the old regime, to bring
into being such methods of struggle and forms of organization as
will make it easier for the masses to learn from their own experience
the correctness of the revolutionary slogans."
To emphasize his point that the Communist Party must never by
unwise strategy and tactics be reduced 4 ' from the position of leader of
the proletariat, to that of a band of inane, uprooted conspirators, ' ' Joseph
Stalin quotes V. I. Lenin to this effect :
' ' With the vanguard alone, victory is impossible. To throw the
vanguard alone into the decisive conflict * * as long as the broad
masses have not yet taken up a position either of direct support of
the vanguard or at least of benevolent neutrality toward it and of
absolute incapability of supporting the enemy — would not merely
be folly but an actual crime. And in order that actually the whole
class, that actually the broad masses of toilers and those oppressed
by capitalism may come to such a position, propaganda and agita-
tion alone are not sufficient. For this, the masses must have their own
political experience. Such is the fundamental law for all great
revolutions * * *"
This citation from Lenin by Stalin is quoted from the Marxist
leader's famous treatise, "Left Communism," in which Lenin criticized
severely those leftwing agitators who, to use a familiar American phrase,
are like ' ' generals who get too far out in front of their army. ' '
Lenin and Stalin, in their writings on revolutionary theory, keep
repeating over and over the solemn warning that the Communists, in
their "vanguard role" never must be so far in front of the masses and
their organizations that the Communist can be isolated.
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 31
Stalin's second point in what he describes as "the correct utiliza-
tion of the forms of struggle and organization," follows his quotation
from Lenin, and points out that it is necessary in ' ' correct tactics ' ' :
«* * * ^0 locate at any given moment that single link in the
chain of events, which, if siezed upon will enable us to control the
whole chain and prepare the ground for the achievement of success.
"The point here is to single out from tasks confronting the
Party, precisely the one that must be handled next, which, if done,
will assure the successful fulfillment of the remaining tasks. ' '
It follows from this plain statement by Stalin, who quotes Lenin to
hammer his points home, that Communists everywhere are under solemn
instructions as a matter of basic policy, to nurture carefully their
so-called "vanguard role" and to proceed with the creation and infil-
tration of organizations to serve as fronts for their program. He warns
that the party must never relinquish its "vanguard role." It must not
enter "alone into the decisive conflict as long as the broad masses have
not yet taken up a position either of direct support * * or of at
least benevolent neutrality toward it * * * "
It is for this reason that the front organizations created or infil-
trated by the U. S. Communist Party in the past decade are easily
recognized for what they are, once the "vanguard role" of the Com-
munist manipulators is understood.
TYPES OF COMMUNIST FRONT ORGANIZATIONS
Every organized group in America can be classified with reference
to Communism from two basic viewpoints :
(1) According to the proportion of Communist influence
within ; or
(2) According to the purposes or objectives for which they
were organized or infiltrated by Communists.
It is vitally important to all Americans that they learn to recognize
the character of organizations with which they must deal, or to which
they belong, with reference to Communism.
This is important, particularly in the case of administrative and
executive officers, members of executive boards and staff members, upon
whom falls the responsibility of relations between their organization
and other organized groups.
Members of organizations, especially in mass organizations, such
as trade unions, political parties, and groups dealing with civic, racial,
religious and similar relations, must ever be on the alert against Com-
munist sabotage of their particular purposes and objectives.
Officers and members of organizations constantly are faced with
proposals that the group to which they belong affiliate with some move-
ment or cause ; that they endorse or support such movement or cause ;
that they join with other groups in supporting and endorsing causes
and programs.
Determination of the proportion of Communist influence that may
exist in any organization is not as involved or mysterious as many citi-
zens have been led to believe. Communists follow a pattern of joining
and supporting similar causes and organizations. So do confirmed fellow-
travelers.
32 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Many of these organizations will be publicly proclaimed to be in the
interest of some worthy program. The organization 's self -prof essed goals
may be high-sounding and humanitarian, but invariably it will be dis-
covered that in any Communist front organization a heavy majority
of the officers, the sponsors and the members of the committees will be
found to have a record of affiliation with scores of other front organ-
izations. Invariably it will be discovered that the particular organiza-
tion in question, and all other organizations with which the leadership
has affiliation, never criticize Communism or Russia and consistently
follow and support pro-Russian and pro-Communist programs and
policies.
ORGANIZATIONS CLASSIFIED BY PROPORTION OF
COMMUNIST INFLUENCE
All organized groups in America may be classified with respect to
the proportion of Communist influence in six broad categories. These are :
(1) Communist created and controlled;
(2) Communist infiltrated and controlled ;
(3) Communist dominated, whether created or infiltrated;
(4) Communist infiltrated, but neither controlled nor dominiated.
In such organizations Communists operate to disrupt, confuse, delay and
nullify the natural functions of the organization, which frequently may
be in conflict with Communist programs ;
(5 ) Completely anti-Communist and Communist infiltrated only for
purposes of espionage ;
(6) Miscellaneous. All other organizations, most of which Com-
munists are unable to infiltrate or have no tactical reasons for infiltrating.
Organizations can be identified as to their status and classified in
proportion to degree of Communist infiltration most easily 011 the basis
of the organization's responses to key political, economic and ethical
issues of the day.
One of the most basic tests is the officially recorded attitude of the
organization on such basic official Communist Party line issues as Soviet
foreign policy in contrast to the interests of the United States.
The most conspicuous historical instance since the foundation of the
U. S. Communist Party in 1919 has been the famous "pretzel twists"
of the party line in connection with Fascism under Mussolini in Italy
and Nazism under Adolph Hitler in Germany.
In response to the rise of world Fascism and Nazism, American
Communist policy went through five contradictory changes of policy.
These were :
(1) From 1928 to 1935, world Communism engaged in conspira-
torial activity to overthrow every government to prevent what Marxists
described as "capitalist encirclement" of the Soviet fatherland; and
this Communist activity, combined with the peculiar foreign policy
tactics of the Russians, played directly into the hands of Mussolini and
Hitler, contributing to their rise to power ;
(2) From 1935 to 1939, world Communism adopted the so-called
"Popular Front" policy, proclaimed by Georgi Dimitrov at the Seventh
World Congress of the Comintern in Moscow in 1935, and Communists
sought in every nation to create coalitions against Fascism and Nazism,
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 33
using front organizations, such as the Anti-Nazi League in America, for
this purpose. Concurrent with anti-Nazi activity, however, the Com-
munists maintained their position that all war is imperialistic ;
(3) From August, 1939, when Russia amazed the world by signing
the famous Hitler-Stalin pact, until June 22, 1941, world Communism
collaborated openly with world Fascism. Poland was divided by military
force. In the United States, the Communists created scores of fronts to
proclaim "The Yanks Are Not Coming," and to denounce the pre-
paredness program and aid to the Allies program advocated by President
Franklin Delano Roosevelt. The Roosevelt program was denounced as
"imperialist war-monger ing. ' ' The Communist fronts that characterized
this period were the American Peace Mobilization, the American Student
Union, and the American League for Peace and Democracy.
(4) From June 22, 1941, when Hitler's armies invaded Russia,
until the end of the war, the American Communists, who promptly made
a complete reversal from denouncing "Roosevelt's imperialist war" to
demanding "unity in the people's war," pretended to abandon the
Marxist program of world revolution and advocated unity and coopera-
tion of all nations for the defeat of Hitler. Behind the mask of patriotism
and humanitarianism, the Communists infiltrated into every organized
segment of American life, and finally, Earl Browder, acting on orders
from the Kremlin, openly advocated collaboration with capitalism. The
name of the Communist Party was deceptively changed to the Com-
munist Political Association, and Stalin announced that the Comintern
had been disolved. This was done solely to procure aid from the capitalist
countries for the homeland of Red Fascist revolution, Soviet Russia.
(5) When Fascism and Nazism went down to military defeat under
the crushing blows of the United Nations, world Communism launched
a two-pronged program for the resumption of world revolution and the
"dictatorship of the proletariat." Brazen aggression and territorial
expansion by Soviet Russia followed. In June, 1945, the American
Communist Party followed world Communism in a complete "sharp
turn" just as this committee had predicted in its 1945 Report, issued
April 16, 1945. Browder was deposed, the Communist Political Associa-
tion was junked in favor of the restoration of the Communist Party of
the United States, and the revived Communist Party returned to the
"class-war," denunciation of "imperialist war," defense of Russian
aggression and expansion, plotting and conspiracy for revolutionary
overthrow of the United States government.
There are two basic truths that send Communists, their fellow-
travelers and apologists into frenzies of denunciation and character-
assassination against anyone who raises these truths in public discussion.
One is the unmistakable open record of the American Communists in
following the "pretzel twists" of the party line, and the other is the
irrefutable evidence that they are agents of a foreign power, com-
mitted to treachery and sabotage of the United States whenever its
policies come in conflict with those of Soviet Russia and world Com-
munism.
These two tests — consistent following of the twists and turns of the
party line, and treacherous subservience to the interests of Soviet foreign
policy — can be used by all Americans to determine from the record the
character of any organization.
4— L-7088-D
34 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
COMMUNIST CREATED AND CONTROLLED ORGANIZATIONS
Numerically, one of the largest classifications is that of organiza-
tions created by the Communist Party and completely controlled by the
Communists. This is true because the Communist Party spawns front
groups and liquidates them in a regular pattern to serve temporary
strategic and tactical purposes of immediate value to the party.
In this category will be found the scores of ''defense committees"
created to raise funds for Communists, fellow-travelers and Marxist-
apologists who become involved in arrests, prosecutions and investiga-
tions. Another important type of ' ' defense committee " is a large group
formed to raise funds for legal defense and aid to Communist members
of unions, minority groups and teachers, political figures and others who
may be arrested, attacked, expelled or otherwise involved in contro-
versies.
Frequently, the persons for whom the "defense committees" are
working may not be Communists or have any connection with Commu-
nism. But invariably the person involved will present an opportunity
for the Communists and their fellow-travelers to appear in the spotlight
as friends of the oppressed and abused.
Investigation of scores of these front committees has revealed that
behind the mask of humanitarianisrn and a fight for human and civil
rights, is hidden one of the fundamental reasons for the creation of such
front groups. That reason is to raise money for the Communist Party.
It is the considered opinion of all responsible investigators that not
more than 50 percent, and frequently much less, of all funds raised by
these front groups ever goes to the cause for which the group publicly is
working.
In some cases funds raised for a so-called worthy cause are diverted
to the Communist Party by direct theft and dishonest bookkeeping trans-
actions. In other cases money is diverted by payment of large sums to
Communist agents, lawyers, publicists and workers within the particular
group, who turn over substantial amounts of their wages and fees to the
party.
Typical examples of the Communist created and controlled front
organizations of this type are: Abolish Peonage Committee, Citizens
Committee to Free Earl Browder, Schappes Defense Committee, Schnei-
derman Defense Committee, Schneiderman-Darcy Defense Committee,
Citizens Committee for Harry Bridges, Bridges Defense Committee,
Bridges Victory Committee, Committee to Defend Angelo Herndon, Com-
mittee for Civil Rights for Communists, Communist Japanese Committee,
Galena Defense Committee, Gerson Supporters, Joint Anti-Fascist Refu-
gee Committee, Joint Committee for Trade Union Rights, Joint Com-
mittee of Trade Unions in Social Work, King, Conner and Ramsey
Defense Committee, Marian Anderson Citizens Committee, Mooiiey
Defense Committee, Mooney-Billings Mass Meeting Sponsors, Murray
Defense Committee, National Free Browder Congress, National Hunger
March to Washington, Non-Partisan Labor Defense, Non-Partisan Com-
mittee for Reelection of Congressman Vito Marcantonio, Open Letter
Protesting Ban on Communists in American Civil Liberties Union, Peti-
tion to Grant Pardons to McNamara and Smith, Public Use of Arts Com-
mittee, Reichstag Fire Trial Anniversary Committee, Scottsboro Defense
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 35
Committee, Sleepy Lagoon Defense Committee, Statement by American
Progressives on the Moscow Trials, Testimonial Dinner for Ferdinand C.
Smith, Washington C. I. 0. Committee to Reinstate Helen Miller, and in
the recent exposure and indictments of national Communist figures, the
same pattern has been followed with Defense Committees for Hans Eisler,
Gerhardt Eisler, Eugene Dennis, Carlo Marzani, John Williamson,
Claudia Jones and others ; and the Committee for the First Amendment,
Committee of One Thousand and Freedom From Fear Committee, which
have been created to raise funds for the defense of the nineteen unfriendly
witnesses before the Congressional Committee on Un-American Activi-
ties ' investigation of Communist activity in Hollywood, 10 of whom were
indicted for contempt of Congress.
Another important type of Communist created and controlled organ-
ization is the broadly-based, formal organization, created to serve a key
function of international Red Fascism, and almost invariably linked to
an international organization sponsored by the Comintern.
Such organizations are not as rapidly created or as summarily liqui-
dated as the front defense committees. They are more stable and complex
in their structure, and they constitute the source of the central core of
Communists and fellow-travelers who join in the creation of the tempo-
rary front committees.
While they also engage in fund-raising for the benefit of the Com-
munist program, they are permitted to keep more of the money raised
through dues and assessments to maintain permanent offices and staffs.
Typical of the permanent, completely Communist created and con-
trolled organizations are such examples as the following, some of which
no longer are in existence, and others of which are temporarily in a
quiescent state: Abraham Lincoln Brigade, Friends of the Abraham
Lincoln Brigade, Academic and Civil Rights Committee, American
Artists Congress, American League for Peace and Democracy, American
Council on Soviet Relations, American Friends of the Chinese People,
American Friends of the Mexican People, American Friends of the Soviet
Union, American Friends of the Spanish People, American League
Against War and Fascism, American Slav Congress, American Writers
Congress, American Youth for Democracy, Congress of American
Women, Congress of American-Soviet Friendship, Council for Pan-
American Democracy, International Juridical Association, International
Workers Order, International Labor Defense, Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee
Committee, Simon Lubin Society, John Reed Clubs, League of Women
Shoppers, National Negro Congress, Civil Rights Congress and Trade
Union Unity League.
Included also in the completely Communist created and controlled
organizations are the publications and organizations that publish Com-
munist newspapers, magazines, propaganda and books.
These organizations and those committees created for honoring or
promoting publications are among the most important institutions in the
Red Fascist network. None but tested Communist and fellow-travelers
are permitted to participate in the management and direction of such
enterprises.
Among Communist organizations in this group the most notable are :
Daily Worker, People's Daily World, Political Affairs, New Masses,
36 UN- AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Mainstream, International Publishers, New Century Publishers, In Fact,
Soviet Russia Today, Jewish Life, Morning Freiheit Association, and
others included in the body of this report.
COMMUNIST CREATED OR CONTROLLED UNIONS
Another important group of Communist created and controlled
organizations are certain trade unions, political groups, committees and
citizens' committees for purported worthy purposes.
In spite of the Communist claim that the Communists are the true
leaders of trade unionism, it is an historical fact that the Communists
have met the same fate in the labor movement as that achieved in the
political arena. No openly sponsored Communist union in the United
States ever has been a success.
The majority of Communist created and controlled trade-unions in
existence in the United States today are the so-called "paper unions"
which parallel the craft union structure of the A. F. of L.
The American history of Communism in trade-unions can be summed
up briefly in four broad, basic stages :
.(1) When the Communist Party was organized formally in 1919,
it denounced the A.F. of L. as "reactionary" and proclaimed that U. S.
Communists would lead the way to "revolutionary industrial unionism. "
The Trade Union Unity League was launched and attempted to create
blatantly Communist-sponsored and controlled trade unions;
(2) After a long record of failure, the Communist Party abandoned
the Trade Union Unity League and returned to the pre-Communist Party
program of the radical organizations. Every attempt was made to infil-
trate and dominate the A.F. of L., then the only major national trade
union organization. Meanwhile the party planned and worked to prepare
the way for "revolutionary industrial trade unionism". Their efforts
were rewarded by the creation of the Committee for Industrial Organi-
zation within the A.F. of L. ;
(3) John L. Lewis ultimately led the Committee for Industrial
Organization out of the A.F. of L. to form the dual national labor organi-
zation that has become the Congress of Industrial Organizations. Most of
the Communists in labor rushed into the C.I.O., leaving behind in the
A.F. of L. only those who were solidly entrenched in strong craft unions.
Meanwhile John L. Lewis pondered over the hunter and the dog. The
Communists now face an attack from within the C.I.O., identical with
the anti-Communist stand that traditionally has been pursued by the
majority of the leadership within the A.F. of L.
C.I.O. unionism always has been centered in the large unions in
mass production fields — steel, auto, rubber, clothing, shipping, ware-
housing, oil and electrical manufacture — supplemented by a few strong
but numerically small unions in newspapers, textiles, mining, agricultural
and food processing, and in shoe, fur, leather and furniture production.
Many sections of these latter unions in the C.I.O., as well as a num-
ber of A.F. of L. unions, are what is known as "paper organizations."
There may be many local unions in such organizations, each numerically
small, but enabled to exercise important voting influence in central bodies
by taking advantage of a traditional policy of trade-unions, fraternal
groups and similar associations that gives special consideration to numeri-
cally small unions, lodges or chapters.
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 37
Under the system for determining the number of delegates to which
each local, chapter or lodge is entitled, many central organizations make
special concessions to small groups. A widely used formula is to allow
2 delegates for the first 50 members or less ; an additional delegate for
the next 50 members or less ; a fourth delegate for the next 150 members
or less ; and a fifth delegate for the next 250 members or less ; with addi-
tional delegates thereafter for every 500 members or majority fraction
thereof.
However, contrary to the organization of fraternal, veteran and
similar bodies, in which individual lodges, chapters and posts are created
and chartered solely by the one governing national organization, the two
major labor organizations, A.F. of L. and C.I.O., are voluntary associa-
tions of many separate international unions. Hence, the delegates to
central bodies, state bodies, conferences and assemblies of an official
character, are delegates from subunits of an international organization ;
i.e., one of a number of organizations that go to make up the national
union organization.
Under this system, Communists in control of an international union
can create many small local unions, "paper organizations"; each less
than 125 members, each with three delegates to a city central labor body ;
and, according to the formula for delegate representation cited above,
three of these Communist-controlled "paper unions" of 125 members,
each with three votes, can cancel out the nine delegates that would be
allowed to a large anti-Communist local union of 2,500 members.
One of the surest tests of the Communist domination and control of
a labor union or civic group is the existence of many ' ' paper local unions ' '
or chapters, adding up to a large bloc of votes in city, county and state
central bodies, and whose delegates consistently vote as a unit in support
of Communist programs or act to delay, disrupt or confuse the attempt
of the large majority of bona fide unions or chapters to carry out the
basic policies of the central organization of a particular city, county or
state.
Three other basic tests also can be used to determine the Communist
character of a labor or civic organization, in addition to the "paper
unions ' ' or chapters that vote the Communist Party line in a bloc. These
questions should be asked :
(1) Does the union and its delegates consistently introduce and
support resolutions, communications and motions to place the trade-
union central body of a community or an industry on record in support
of issues and organizations foreign to the functions and purposes of a
labor union, especially when the foreign policy of Soviet Russia is
involved ?
(2) Does the union and its delegates consistently introduce and
support resolutions, communications and motions for so-called "rank-
and-file" protests and condemnation of traditional basic policies of the
national organization ?
(3) Does the union, its officers and delegates independently collabo-
rate with and accept affiliation and formal positions as sponsors, officers,
speakers and participants in a large number of Communist front organi-
zations, causes and committees ?
38 UN- AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Typical of the completely Communist created and controlled organi-
zations in the trade-union, political association and civic committee
field are :
Trade Unions : Trade Union Unity League, Food, Tobacco and Agri-
cultural Workers (formerly United Cannery, Agricultural, Packing and
Allied Workers of America), United Studio Technicians Guild of North
America, United Office and Professional Workers — C.I.O., United Public
Workers — C.I.O., some locals and units of the United Auto Workers —
C.I.O., and United Steel Workers— C.I. 0., United Electrical, Radio and
Machine Workers of America — C.I.O., and United Farm Equipment and
Machine Workers — C.I.O.
Political Associations: National Citizens Political Action Committee,
Progressive Citizens of America (successor to National Citizens Political
Action Committee and Independent Citizens Committee of the Arts,
Sciences and Professions), Hollywood Democratic Committee, Motion
Picture Democratic Committee, California Legislative Conference, Pro-
gressive A.F. of L. of Los Angeles, and others.
Civic Associations : League of American Writers, American Writers
Congress, Allied Voters Against Coudert, American Council on Soviet
Relations, American Committee for Friendship with the Soviet Union,
National Council of American-Soviet Friendship, Southern Conference
for Human Welfare, American-Russian Institute, Morning Freiheit
Associations, International Workers Order, American Youth for Demo-
cracy, and many others.
COMMUNIST INFILTRATED AND CONTROLLED ORGANIZATIONS
Second in importance, but not as conspicuous numerically as the
completely Communist created and controlled organizations, are those
that are Communist infiltrated and controlled.
Such groups naturally are more valuable to the purposes of the Red
Fascist conspirators than those openly sponsored by the Communist
Party. Invariably they are organizations that were started for a legitimate
purpose, and in virtually every instance for a liberal, progressive and
constructive activity to solve some problem or need of a large mass of
people.
Trade-unions naturally fall into this grouping, since the Communists
long ago discovered that they had little success in their own Red trade-
unions. In America they resort to infiltrating into existing non-Com-
munist trade-unions in order to spread Marxist poison and establish
their " vanguard role".
Organizations sponsored by racial, religious, cultural and other
minority groups are a prime target for Communist infiltration. Due to the
comparitive amateurishness of most honest participants in such organiza-
tions, the trained, disciplined Communist, with access to information,
pressure, guidance and publicit}^ from the entire Red Fascist network,
frequently is able to maneuver into key positions and thus control an
organization for the bidding of Red Fascist top strategists.
Another type of organization in this category is the unending proces-
sion of citizens' committees for many purported worthy purposes, such
as transit reform, housing progress, taxes, zoning, welfare, neighborhood
improvement, and the many legitimate protest movements against some
community or civic situation that irks a large number of people. Invari-
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 39
ably, Communists will seek to infiltrate and dominate such groups if Red
Fascist strategists see any opportunity for promoting their basic pro-
grams through such groups or of winning adherents to Marxism as * * the
one best way to solve all problems. ' '
A similar basic target for Communist infiltration and control is the
subdivision of political organizations. Communists follow a scientific
pattern in attempting to infiltrate and control Assembly districts, con-
gressional districts, and councilmanic district clubs and organizations,
and thus plant Communists and fellow-travelers in county and state com-
mittees of political organizations.
Another target for Red Fascist infiltration is any organization
created for the purpose of doing anything associated with foreign policy.
Red Fascist strategy also calls for similar tactics against any organi-
zation dealing with consumer, price, farmer, veteran and youth problems.
Typical examples of organizations not created by Communists, but
in which Communists have infiltrated and secured control are certain
local unions of A. F. of L., C. I. 0., Machinists, Railroad Brotherhood
and independent unions. Such local unions invariably follow the pattern
of Communist created and controlled organizations cited above. The
Young Democrats, and certain Democratic county committees are further
examples.
COMMUNIST INFILTRATED AND DOMINATED ORGANIZATIONS
The third major section of Communist influenced organizations (and
one of the most important from a strategic and tactical standpoint) is
the group that has been either created or infiltrated by Communists,
and, while not completely controlled, is dominated by the Communist
"caucus."
Organizations in all the types described in the two classifications
above will be found in this group. Almost invariably, however, they will
be found to be organizations with large memberships, most of which are
not Communists. In such organizations the Communists must depend upon
political cunning, misrepresentation and confusion to maintain their
effectiveness.
In this grouping will be found many trade unions, political organi-
zations, civic, racial, religious, minority and welfare associations and
organizations formed to accomplish some worthy purpose or to solve a
particular problem or problems of a particular group of citizens.
Such organizations will have formal structures, parliamentary pro-
cedures, and frequently will be broken into units, with delegates to central
bodies; which makes them easy targets for the specialized Communist
technique of infiltration, and manipulation of the disorganized and sin-
cere majority membership.
The committee wishes to emphasize that this large group of organi-
zations in fields of humanitarian and welfare endeavor are not in them-
selves necessarily Communist, nor is it a prime indication of Communistic
activity that a group be engaged in reform, in improvement or ameliora-
tion of some condition or abuse. The fact is that Red Fascists bitterly
oppose and attack the idea of reform and reformers because the basic
tenet of Communism is that no reform is useful that does not go the com-
plete "whole hog" toward a proletarian dictatorship in a Soviet state.
40 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
The reason that trade-unions, racial and religious organizations and
reform and improvement movements consistently are infiltrated and dis-
rupted by Communist agitators and conspirators is that the Communists
work relentlessly to either control or make impotent such mass organiza-
tions ; to either bend them to the Communist Party line and the twin
program of serving the interests of the foreign policy of Soviet Russia
and of preparing the way for violent revolution at home, or to destroy
them.
The committee fervently hopes that the factual presentation of the
motives, techniques and objectives of the Communist Party will awaken
leaders of trade-unions, racial, religious and minority groups and their
members; and all citizens who join in organizations and causes for
improvement and betterment of civic conditions, to the basic truth that
the Communist Party and its program of treachery and disruption is the
greatest threat to their organizations and the purposes for which they
organized.
The committee has reported in the past, and it reiterates again with
the greatest possible emphasis, that the one sound and American way to
defeat the Communist disruption of worthy organizations and programs
is for the sincere leaders and members to participate fully in the conduct
of their organizations ; to study and practice the techniques of constitu-
tional government and democratic procedure.
The record of success of aggressively patriotic leaders in political
organizations, in trade-unions, in racial, religious and other minority
groups, in consistently exposing and defeating Red Fascist traitors within
their midst, whenever they have organized, cooperated and worked full
time at the job of preserving their own organization and its devotion to
American ideals, is the most convincing proof that it can be done.
Failure to guard the precious jewels of liberty, freedom and justice
by real, day-to-day participation in the affairs of a nation or an organiza-
tion, invariably will result in a surrender by default to the fanatical
agents of Red Fascism.
Beyond any laws or any activity of police agencies against criminals
and traitors, the safest assurance of the continued liberty and integrity
of a nation or an institution, rests on the loyalty, devotion and courage
of those who enjoy its benefits and privileges.
The immediate result of failure in loyalty, devotion and courage
invariably will be the corruption by Red Fascists of the purpose and
principles for which people have come together. When this happens to an
organization it brings impotence and destruction. When it happens to
a nation it brings confiscation, the concentration camp and the police state.
The committee finds that one of the most important battle grounds in
the present world struggle between the ideologies of freedom and of totali-
tarianism, is the mass organizations; and the committee calls on all
citizens of California to alert themselves to the danger of Communist
infiltration and domination of their organizations and institutions.
Among typical mass organizations that are victims of Communist
domination, the following are representative and significant. The com-
mittee calls attention to the fact that many sincere, non-Communist indi-
viduals are victimized by the Red Fascists who have gained positions of
domination in such organizations : Certain international unions, councils
and locals of the C. I. 0. unions ; San Francisco and Los Angeles C. I. 0,
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 41
industrial union councils, certain councils and local unions of the A. F.
of L. unions ; certain councils and locals of the independent unions ; the
American Labor Party, the Progressive Citizens of America, the Inde-
pendent Progressive Party, and the Institute of Pacific Relations.
COMMUNIST INFILTRATED, BUT NEITHER CONTROLLED
NOR DOMINATED
Numerically one of the largest groups of Communist-influenced
organizations, and next to the completely Communist controlled or domi-
nated from a strategical and tactical Marxist approach, is the large
number of organizations that are infiltrated by Communists, but neither
controlled nor dominated.
Based on cold-blooded strategy and tactics for revolution as laid
down by Lenin and Stalin, all Communists are ordered to disrupt and
make impotent any organized group that they neither can control or
dominate.
This fundamental tenet of Marxist activity is explained clearly
in the citations from Lenin and Stalin at the opening of this section
of the committee 's report.
It follows naturally, that no trade union, political organization,
racial, religious or minority group organization; no organization deal-
ing with foreign policy, business and economic affairs, or the problems
of workers, unemployed, veterans, consumers, taxpayers, public
employees, farmers, investors, and educators ; or groups concerned with
charity, welfare, the aged, handicapped and youth, or any group con-
cerned with health, safety, delinquency, housing, transportation and
similar problems, can be immune from Communist infiltration, no matter
how anti-Communist the organization may be.
It is a plain fact, familiar to the committee in repeated hearings
and investigations, that Communists frequently infiltrate and operate
within organizations that flatly ban Communists from membership.
Communist agents openly pursue Communist policies and tactics, and
when exposed, move on to other assignments, to be replaced by new
Communist agents.
The committee fully is aware of the Communist participation in
such organizations as anti-Communist A. F. of L. and C.I.O. unions,
and in such indisputably patriotic organizations as the American Legion,
the Veterans of Foreign Wars, and Disabled American Veterans, and
in the Democratic and Republican Parties.
It is a matter of record that such Communist agents have been
exposed and expelled from such organizations. Their Red Fascist activi-
ties invariably follow a consistent pattern.
In mass organizations that Communists cannot control or dominate,
the strategy of the Communist agent is to disrupt, confuse, divide and
nullify.
In these organizations, Communists frequently make a pretense in
bidding for control or domination. Actually, however, recognizing the
tactical facts for what they are in any mass organization that basicalty
is anti-Communist, the sole purpose of the Communists in such groups
is to make them ineffective and impotent in relation to the Communist
Party line issues of the moment,
42 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
All Communists are indoctrinated with the tactical theory laid
down in the sacred text of Stalin's blueprint for revolution, "Problems
of Leninism," that the "party never must relinquish its vanguard role,
but at the same time it must not commit the crime of entering alone
into the decisive conflict as long as the broad masses have not yet taken
up a position either of direct support * * * or of at least benevolent
neutrality toward it * * *. "
It is a matter of record that the Communists will go to any length
and suffer any indignity in order to render a mass organization impo-
tent to act against the Communist program, if they are unable to control
or dominate the organization.
The importance of this stategy to the Communist Party is empha-
sized by Lenin in the plainest words possible in "Leftwing Communism,
an Infantile Disorder." Lenin says:
"It is necessary to * * * agree to any and every sacrifice, and
even — if need be to resort to all sorts of devices, maneuvers and
illegal methods, to evasion and subterfuge, in order to penetrate
into the trade-unions, to remain in them, and to carry on Communist
work in them at all costs. ' '
In spite of the fact that the Communists will pretend to support
any shade of political, economic and ethical thinking whenever it serves
their purpose of penetration and infiltration, actually, to the Com-
munists, there is only the Communist and the anti-Communist.
To a Communist, every person and group falls into one of two
classifications: Either a follower and completely complacent tool to
be used, or else an enemy to be destroyed or immobilized. To a Com-
munist, every person and group is judged according to their possible
value, either to serve the foreign policy of Soviet Russia or to prepare
the way for the eventual violent revolution at home. If the Communist
cannot win a person or organization over to the party line, his alterna-
tive tactic is to destroy or immobilize.
It is important to Communist strategy that Communist agents pre-
vent an impression of unified opposition to Communist Party line activi-
ties. Every effort is made to have a dissident element present in such
organizations as the A. F. of L., C.I.O., American Legion and the major
political parties and civic groups to provide a publicity springboard
for so-called "rank and file" protests when such organizations attack
Communism or criticize a "party line" policy.
Communists always must be concerned with keeping up the morale
and enthusiasm of their dupes. Members of mass groups, who mis-
guidedly follow Communist-controlled programs and policies need, and
receive, back-slapping encouragement. A rebellious and noisy minority
in a large anti- Communist mass organization, therefore, is an indis-
pensable factor in Communist activity.
Among organizations that fall into the classification of Communist
infiltrated, but neither controlled nor dominated, and in which the Com-
munists operate principally to disrupt, confuse, nullify, and delay, may
be listed virtually every mass labor, veteran, civic and reform organ-
ization in California.
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 43
Typical, however, of organizations faced with consistent Communist
disruption and confusion are most A. F. of L., C.I.O. and other trade
unions, American Legion, Disabled American Veterans, Veterans of
Foreign Wars, AMVETS, American Veterans Committee (the Cali-
fornia section of American Veterans Committee falls into the Com-
munist-dominated class, and is a vociferous dissident minority in national
AVC affairs), the Democratic and Republican parties, National Asso-
ciation for the Advancement of Colored People, bar associations, medical
associations, etc.
The committee has emphasized in previous reports, and it again
calls to the attention of all patriotic citizens that membership in civic
organizations, trade unions, political, veteran and fraternal organiza-
tions carries with it responsibilities as wrell as privileges.
The committee urges members of all organized groups to be watchful
constantly against Communist infiltration with its program of duplicity,
treachery and disruption. History has proved repeatedly that no nation,
institution or organization can collaborate with Communism without
courting destruction.
COMMUNISTS INFILTRATED SOLELY FOR PURPOSES OF ESPIONAGE
A special classification of Communist infiltrated organizations is
those groups that are so patently and consistently anti-Communist that
open Communist activity would be recognized promptly and effectively
dealt with.
In this group are service clubs, fraternal and patriotic organizations,
most posts and chapters of veteran organizations, many trade unions,
business associations, police and public agencies, military units, religious
organizations and sections of political parties and civic organizatons.
The Marxist plotters do not overlook the strategical importance
of information about the plans and programs of such openly anti-
Communist organizations.
Typical of the Communist strategy in this field is the infiltration
into the strongly ant i- Communist trade unions. In such organizations
the underground element of the Communist Party works whenever and
wherever possible gathering information about anti-Communist pro-
grams and policies.
This field of Marxist-Leninist-Stalinist strategy and tactics is based
on treachery and espionage, yet the Kremlin always find tools to do
its bidding.
Since this is a secretive and conspiratorial phase of Communist
infiltration, it is not subject to the customary checks and tests that apply
to other Communist work in organized groups.
Need for such investigation in this field arises when Communist
activity, propaganda and tactical operations indicate that the Commu-
nist too frequently appears in advance possession of information about
the plans and policies of responsible organizations.
Virtually every organized group in America is subject to this type
of Communist infiltration. In the light of present world relations, and
the experiences of Canada and other nations with Communist spy rings
and espionage operations, government, business, labor, and civic institu-
tions must be particularly alert.
44 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
MISCELLANEOUS GROUPS
There are many institutions and organizations which, for tactical
or strategic reasons, appear to be permanently, or for long periods,
immune from Communist infiltration.
The committee warns that no group can feel secure from Communist
infiltration and disruption.
The committee is familiar with the complacency and apathy toward
the problem of Communist conspiratorial plotting in America. This
smug attitude may be summed up as follows :
"We have no Communists in our organization. We are not worried
about Communistic attacks. We cannot understand why everybody gets
so excited about Communism. All we have to do is proceed with our own
affairs and let others tend to theirs. ' '
This is the identical attitude assumed by leaders of many organiza-
tions in Germany while Hitler was rising to power, and it was the atti-
tude of complacent leaders in the countries now behind the ' ' Iron Cur-
tain, ' ' while the Communists and the traitors plotted to seize power.
The committee warns the Members of the Senate and the leaders of
all institutions and organizations that the menace of Red Fascist con-
spiracy is a real, solemn and dangerous one. Leaders of organizations
fortunate enough to be free from immediate Communist confusion and
disruption should take an interest in the problems of the many institu-
tions and organizations that do suffer from Communist attacks. They
should keep informed of the facts of Communist activity and they should,
in time of freedom from Communist infiltration and disruption, prepare
their own organizations to meet such problems in the future.
The committee has pointed out frequently in the past, and it again
reiterates, that Communist policy is ruthless and that no organization is
immune. Since the objective of Communism in America is to serve the
twin program fostering the interests of the foreign policy of Soviet
Russia and preparing for violent revolutionary overthrow of the Ameri-
can government, no individual, institution or organization can afford
the luxury of complacency, apathy and unconcern toward the problem
of Communism in America today.
ORGANIZATIONS CLASSIFIED BY COMMUNIST
PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVE
In addition to the classification of organizations and institutions in
accordance with the proportion of Communist Party influence that may
affect them, most organizations subject to Communist influence may be
classified in accordance with the purpose and objective of world Com-
munism.
Any such classification will embrace the four first classifications in the
immediately preceding section of this report: (1) Communist created
and controlled ; (2) Communist infiltrated and controlled ; (3) Commu-
nist infiltrated or created, and dominated ; and (4) Communist infiltrated
and influenced for purposes of disruption, confusion, delay and nullifi-
cation.
The other two classifications of organizations infiltrated for espion-
age purposes and those not of immediate interest to Communist conspir-
ators, obviously have no value to the Communist Party 4n advancing its
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 45
purpose toward its final objective of a world dictatorship of the prole-
tariat.
The committee has pointed out in previous sections of this report
that it is vital to the preservation of the United States and its institutions
that every citizen learn to distinguish the proportion of Communist influ-
ence in a given organization in order to meet problems that may arise as
a result of Red Fascist activity within the organization.
We are all aware that modern life creates conflicts between groups.
Many are healthy and proper. Others are based on prejudice and intoler-
ance, and provide material for manipulators to spread disunity and to
practice their unholy doctrine of hate and conflict. Wisdom and temper-
ance in interorganizational affairs are equally as important as alertness
and f orthrightness in meeting subversive disruption head on.
The committee has stated previously and the committee again reiter-
ates, that the most completely vicious, unholy doctrine of hate, discord
and strife in world history is the psuedoscientific theory of Marx as prac-
ticed by world Stalinites in their conception of the class-struggle.
Communism plays upon all conflicts, disagreements and group ten-
sions to divert organized groups from the sane solution of specific prob-
lems. The intensification of group hatreds is the Communists ' solution to
all problems. The destruction of all classes, said Marx, is the only road to
the ' ' classless society. ' '
It follows, therefore, that conflict and disagreement is lush soil for
Red Fascist revolutionary manipulation. Where there is no conflict the
Communist must create conflict.
It is important that every citizen understand how the Communists
play upon discords and conflicts for the purpose of manipulating and
bending organized groups toward the Eed Fascist twin program of serv-
ing the interests of the foreign policy of Soviet Russia and of preparing
the way for violent revolution at home.
Only on the basis of thoughtful judgment and analysis through
factual determination of the proportion of Communist influence in a par-
ticular organization, together with a thorough understanding of why the
infiltration and corruption of such an organization is important in the
strategic pattern of revolutionary Communist plotting, will responsible
citizens be able to adopt correct decisions in interorganizational relations.
The committee is well aware of the fact that this places upon all
citizens a burden of effort and the expenditure of time and money. How-
ever, the benefits of the American system carry with them responsibilities
of loyalty and devotion. Every American is under sacred obligation to act
for the protection and preservation of the institutions and ideals that
have protected his liberties and freedom throughout our nation's exist-
ence.
Californians cannot, and will not, fail in this period of crisis. They
will meet the problem of Communism intelligently and bring to its solu-
tion the same pioneer spirit of determination, vigor and cooperation that
marked the creation of this great State as a shining star in the Star
Spangled Banner.
The committee calls attention to the fact that California is in a key
position in national defense ; in economic and agricultural contributions
to national defense; in aviation, motion picture, radio, shipping and
46 UN-AMEEICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
transportation ; and that it has become a crucial State in major political
decisions affecting the welfare of the Nation and the future of the world.
The unprecedented growth in California's population has created
conditions and groupings that provide lush material upon which Com-
munist disruption can feed.
California's great past, and imposing future, presents a challenge
to both the Communists and the Americans, marking the division of
world-thinking between the two ideologies of totalitarianism and of
freedom.
The final record of how that challenge will be met, will be deter-
mined by the energy, devotion, courage and morality of the advocates
of these two utterly contradictory philosophies.
The committee has determined from past investigations that too
many Americans are completely ignorant of the purposes and objectives
of world Communism ; and therefore, are ill-equipped to cope with prob-
lems raised by Red Fascist activity in interorganizational relations. The
committee believes, therefore, that it is of supreme importance that the
citizens of California have readily available a simple, understandable
source of information on the purposes and objectives of world Commu-
nist revolutionary conspiracy, so that they will understand how the strat-
egy and tactics of Red Fascist plotting are directed and applied.
THE SIX BASIC DIVISIONS OF COMMUNIST FRONT ORGANIZATIONS
All Communist front organizations can be classified conveniently
and logically under six basic headings.
The six basic classifications of Communist front organizations are :
( 1 ) The Indispensable Organizations for Revolution ;
(2) Culture and Science ;
(3) Organizations Dealing With Domestic Problems and Activity;
(4) Organizations Dealing With Foreign Affairs and Problems ;
( 5 ) Organizations With Appeals to Basic Groups ; and
( 6 ) Miscellaneous Organizations, Committees and Alliances.
An examination of the purposes and objectives of Red Fascism
reveals that behind the apparent confusion and disorder of the creation,
dissolution and manipulation of thousands of front groups, there are
basic, essential patterns that are molded by the functions and needs of a
revolutionary organization forced by necessity to operate behind false
fronts and fagades.
Consequently, the apparently confused and spontaneous mass of
front organizations can be classified logically within the framework of the
six basic classifications.
The committee presents herewith an analytical classification of the
various Communist fronts into the essential subdivisions under the gen-
eral headings of the six basic classifications.
(1) The Indispensable Organizations for Revolution
Any organized program for revolution that is committed to serve
the foreign policy of one nation — which is the program and commitment
of world Communism — must have two fundamental types of organiza-
tions, whose work is closely coordinated and frequently interchangeable.
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 47
These two essential fundamental types of organization are :
I. Completely Communist controlled basic organizations to carry
out Communist work in every segment of society ; and
II. Completely Communist controlled publication and information
organizations to carry out Communist propaganda in every seg-
ment of society.
Within these two classifications will be found the permanent struc-
ture of the Communist Party — the hard core of trained, disciplined,
militant and fanatical disciples of Marxism-Leninism-Stalinism. These
revolutionaries work day and night to penetrate organized groups to
either control or immobilize them to the interest of the foreign policy of
Soviet Russia or to prepare for violent revolution at home.
I. Communist Basic Organizations
Organizations for Communist work naturally begin with the Com-
munist Party itself. The organizational structure of the Communist
Party has been outlined in detail in the 1943, 1945, 1947 reports by this
committee. The committee has pointed out that the organizational struc-
ture of the Communist Party is subject to constant modification and
revision for immediate tactical and strategical purposes, but its essential
character, as a secret, conspiratorial, revolutionary institution, never
changes.
Next in importance to the Communist Party itself are the American
sections of basic international organizations, created by the Comintern
to carry on the program of Red revolution throughout the world.
Among such organizations are those for "friendship with Soviet
Russia," for defense of Communists, and for political, racial, economic
and educational purposes. The most important of all are those that oper-
ate within the trade-union field on an international scale, because the
Communists depend on ' ' revolutionary industrial unionism " as an indis-
pensable element in preparing the way for eventual violent revolution
and establishment of the dictatorship of the proletariat in any one
country.
With the exception of such comparatively broadly based completely
Communist controlled organizations as American Youth for Democ-
racy, International Workers Order, Morning Freiheit Association, Con-
gress of American Women, International Labor Defense and Civil
Rights Congress, Labor Research Association, and similar completely
controlled Red fronts, the Communist Party does not seek or desire large
memberships in its fundamental front organizations.
The reason for this must be obvious to any intelligent observer. These
organizations are the hard core of the revolutionary conspiracy and, in
accordance with the "vanguard role" of the party, any other attitude
would be ridiculous and contradictory.
For the guidance of Californians in untangling this pattern of Red
intrigue, the committee presents a quotation from an official Communist
source that states in the plainest possible language the Communistic idea
of its * ' vanguard role. ' '
48 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
A pamphlet published in 1943 by Workers Library Publishers,
entitled: "A Talk About the Communist Party/' contained the follow-
ing specific boast :
« * * * Qur party * * * while being a small well-knit group,
thinking and working collectively in a way that makes it act dif-
ferent from any other party and different from the masses, at the
same time, if it is really functioning as the Communist Party, is
always in the closest contact with the masses * " * Our program
is the most powerful thing in the political life of our country today,
the most powerful thing in the world today. We are planting it in
America so that it grows right out of the ground of our country and
our community. Our party is strong because of this, strong beyond
its numbers, because we grow slowly in numbers, we grow by leaps
and bounds in our influence * * * We are the ones who always
know what we are doing and where we are going * * * We work
together, we think together, and that gives us strength beyond any
individuals * * * In our agitation around these demands (the
everyday needs of the workers) we must emphasize the absolute
necessity for the proletarian revolution. Our strategy is to utilize
these immediate demands to educate and organize the masses in prep-
aration for the final revolutionary struggle, which will abolish capi-
talism altogether. Reliance on immediate demands would lead us
merely to reformism. Our party is a revolutionary party. It aims
not to ease conditions a bit under capitalism for the workers, but to
abolish capitalism altogether * * * The Commanist Party * * *
knows how to participate in the daily struggle of the workers. It
knows how to utilize all these struggles to develop class conscious-
ness * * * and thus begin the mobilization for the eventual over-
throw of capitalism. ' '
This is the purpose and objective of Communism in a plain statement
from an official Communist source and it explains the method to be used
to accomplish the goal of violent revolution.
Typical of the Communist organization under this subdivision are :
The Communist Party of the United States, American Youth for Democ-
racy, International Labor Defense, Civil Rights Congress, Joint Anti-
Fascist Refugee Committee, Friends of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade,
and League of American Writers, etc.
II. Communist Controlled Publications and Information Services
The life-blood of Communist conspiracy is the party's press and
publishing businesses. Through their newspapers, magazines, books, sym-
posiums, pamphlets, handbills and analytical publications, the Commu-
nists train and educate their converts for the revolution ; and, at the same
time, they spread their propaganda to confuse, disrupt and divide.
The Communist press and publication system in the United States
is comprehensive, well-financed and efficient. Making use of the network
of Communist organizations and front groups it is able to systematically
and scientifically circulate Communist publications and propaganda
throughout the length and breadth of the United States.
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 49
The gigantic propaganda apparatus of Fascism and Nazism at its
peak never approached the efficient and extensive operation of the net-
work of Red Fascist propaganda.
Equally important with the task of proselyting carried on by the
Communist press, is the fundamental requirement for machinery and
methods for attack and smear. Anyone who opposes or exposes the Com-
munist conspiracy must be destroyed.
A continuous program of character assassination is conducted by the
Communist publication-system designed to discredit anyone who attacks
or exposes Communism. Public officials and law enforcement agencies are
to be constantly smeared and discredited in the minds of members of mass
organizations.
A characteristic of the Communist conspiracy is the unbroken pro-
gram for villification ; the smearing of non-Communist radical, liberal,
progressive, and even revolutionary movements. Non-Stalinist socialism is
attacked with the same fury as capitalism and parliamentary government.
The committee has in its voluminous files innumerable Communist
publications devoted to attacks on individuals, organizations and institu-
tions, who refuse to kowtow to the Moscow brand of "progress, peace and
prosperity. ' '
No more vicious criticism of trade-unions and trade-union leadership
exists than the abusive Communist propaganda smears of anti-Communist
trade unions and leaders.
Among typical examples of the Communist press and publications
are : The Worker (weekly) and The Daily Worker, New York Commu-
nist daily newspaper, circulated nationally; People's Daily World, and
People's World Weekend Edition, San Francisco Communist daily news-
paper, circulated nationally; New Masses-Mainstream; Political Affairs
(formerly The Communist) ; Four Continent Book Corp.; Universal Dis-
tributors; Book Find Club; International Publishers; New Century Pub-
lishers; Soviet Russia Today; Fraternal Outlook; The Chart; Clarity;
Railroad Workers Link; Jewish Life; Woman Power; Teeners' Topics;
Youth; Student Outlook; Economic Notes; Among Friends; Congress
Views; Freiheit; Labor Defender; Midwest Daily Record; Black and
White; In Fact; New Times; New Africa; I cor; New World; Pacific
Weekly; Action Bulletin; and the California Eagle.
In addition to completely Communist controlled and dominated pub-
lications, there also is a long list of trade-union, racial, minority, liberal
and special-interest publications into which Communists have infiltrated
as editors, correspondents and contributors. The Communist influence is
established through such news services as Federated Press, Economic
Notes, Allied Labor News Service, Associated Magazine Contributors,
Inc., Trade Union Service, Inc., and Labor Research Association.
The Communist propaganda system, combined with the nation-wide
network of publications, information exchange, special writers, and serv-
ices is so comprehensive and integrated that the average leadership of
organized groups in America today are totally unequipped to cope with
its flood of propaganda.
Communists are so efficiently disciplined that they are able to organ-
ize a propaganda campaign on a few hours notice. They will produce
publications, press releases, plant Red propaganda in newspaper and
5— L-7088-D
50 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
wire service stories, and start a flood of letters, postcards, telegrams and
resolutions, that amazes and bewilders the ordinary American.
(2) Culture and Science
The second basic classification of Communist activity, with relation
to the purposes and objectives of world Communism, is that dealing with
culture and sciences.
Next to the organizations of trained revolutionary fanatics and their
systematic press and propaganda service, infiltration of culture and
science is regarded by the Marxists as an indispensable adjunct of prac-
tical and successful revolutionary work.
The best test of the importance of this classification, too frequently
disregarded or minimized by the average citizen, is the attitude toward
culture and science taken by Communists once they have seized control
of a nation and established a dictatorship of the proletariat.
Communism is so inimical to the concept of freedom and liberty that
its exponents know full well that they cannot tolerate a breath of individ-
ual freedom and liberty, lest their entire system be swept away by an
indignant populace.
This basic classification of Communist work in this category falls
naturally into three subdivisions.
I. Arts and Culture ;
II. Sciences and Professional ; and
III. Youth and Education.
In every one of these classifications, Communists work incessantly to
pervert, to control or to immobilize every institution and organization in
these fields to the benefit of Marxism as ordained by the Communist dicta-
tors in the Kremlin.
I. Arts and Culture
There is no field of art or culture in which Communists have not
developed a program and charted organizational and propaganda actvity.
Literature, painting, music, the theatre, opera, ballet, and every one of
the popular arts are logical targets for Red corruption because of their
recognized influence upon masses of people.
Motion pictures and radio are particular targets for Marxist infiltra-
tion because of their propaganda value. Additionally, films, radio, litera-
ture and similar fields are attractive to Communists because of the
tremendous fund-raising possibilities that exist in the confusion and
bewilderment among many high-salaried creative workers on such sub-
jects as economics, politics, government, foreign affairs and reform; and
in the traditional warm-hearted susceptibility of theatrical and artistic
folk to charitable and humanitarian appeals.
Since all art is critical to a greater or lesser degree of nature, human-
ity and the imperfect institutions of mankind, artists and art mediums
are prime material for the Communist program. Communism, we must
always remember, feeds 011 dissent and discord.
The committee has presented detailed analysis and comment in
previous reports upon the psychological aspects of those who become
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 51
victims of the Marxist philosophy. The committee is well aware of the
fact that many sincere and misguided individuals in the literary, the-
atrical, film, music and other artistic fields are deluded by the apparent
enthusiasm of Communists for humanitarian ventures.
Celebrities in the public limelight should be particularly careful
not to fall for the Red conspiracy through appeal to their sympathetic
and charitable impulses. There are scores of bona fide, responsible organi-
zations through which anyone can express such impulses. It should be
obvious that it is not necessary to rush into special committees and
"letterhead organizations7' in order to accomplish worthy purposes.
The motion picture industry, itself a prime target for Communist
manipulation and fund raising, has been victimized repeatedly by brazen
and financially dishonest Communist front organizations. The Holly-
wood Anti-Nazi League, the Motion Picture Democratic Committee,
the Hollywood Democratic Committee, the Hollywood Independent Citi-
zens Committee of the Arts, Sciences and Professions, and scores of
swiftly created and soon dissolved "letterhead organizations," all con-
trolled and directed by Communists, are typical examples.
A significant feature of Communist front organizations in the
artistic and cultural spheres is the consistent repetition of the same
names in group after group ; and the consistent repetition in the impor-
tant paid and executive positions of secretary, treasurer, executive
director, executive secretary, program chairman, public relations direc-
tor and editor, of the same monotonously familiar procession of Com-
munist hacks and party-liners, each of whom is deftly insinuated into
these key positions by veteran fellow-travelers in the arts organizations.
A major and subtle feature of Communist infiltration into the arts
and cultural fields is the steady, persistent and successful Communist
program of planting trusted and adept Communist agents in positions
that influence hiring, purchase of material or talent, and the critical
and editorial handling of art creations.
This activity is carried on in conjunction with the network of Com-
munist schools. Many of these Red institutions pose as general schools
of learning and specialize in courses of the arts, professions, trade-union,
and economic problems of the day.
Two of the most notorious of these schools in California are the
People's Educational Center, of Hollywood, which is the direct suc-
cessor to the openly Communist Workers' School of Los Angeles, and
the California Labor School of San Francisco. The Communist char-
acter and history of these Red centers of intrigue and treachery are
documented fully in the committee's previous reports.
Through infiltration into key positions where Communists and fel-
low-travelers can be advanced, aided and promoted in their careers, Com-
munist propaganda experts are able to engage in smearing, sabotaging
and hampering anti-Communist writers, actors, composers, and other
creative workers, and are able to conduct an intellectual and psycho-
logical reign of terror among liberal minded workers in the arts.
Most of the prominent pro-Communist fellow-travelers among the-
atrical, motion picture, literary, and musical celebrities have back-
grounds of membership in, and association with, the front organizations
sponsored by the Communist Party in the realms of art and culture.
52 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Communists regard the infiltration, manipulation and control of
artistic and cultural media as one of the indispensable phases of their
program of revolution.
The committee finds that this is a vital phase of American life in
which the Communists wield an amazing and unprecedented degree of
influence. Such intellectural sabotage provides a fundamental weapon
in talent and material for the Red propaganda attack on American insti-
tutions ; and it provides celebrities and funds to be used for the promo-
tion of Communist causes and programs.
One of the most dangerous manifestations of this Communist
attack on American art and culture is found in the alleged scientific
program of Marxist writers for corrupting American history, and
ghoulishly fastening the label of Marxism upon great American his-
torical figures in an attempt to sell Communism to the American people.
Communist writers and composers have attempted with subtlety and
trickery to twist and pervert the traditional radical history and pioneer
spirit of Americans to serve the interests of their unholy aim for totali-
tarian dictatorship.
Typical of Communist front organizations in this classification are :
Actors Laboratory Theater, American Writers Congress, Artists Front
to Win the War, Congress of American Revolutionary Writers, Film
Audiences for Democracy, Group Theater, Hollywood Writers Mobili-
zation, Frontier Films, League of American Writers, League of Workers
Theaters, National Committee Against Censorship of the Theatre Arts,
New Dance League, New Theatre League, Theatre Arts Committee,
United American Artists, etc.
II. Sciences and Professions
Parallel to and identical with Communist front organization in the
subclassification for Arts and Culture, are the Communist fronts for
the Sciences and Professions.
For tactical and strategic reasons, such as the Communist attempt
to capture support for an independent political program or movement,
these groups are combined. The Independent Citizens Committee of the
Arts, Sciences and Professions was merged in the present major Com-
munist political front group, the Progressive Citizens of America,
although it functions independently on occasion.
Communist front groups in the Sciences and Professions follow the
same pattern, and have the same general purpose, as those in the field
of Art and Culture.
A significant feature in both groups is the establishment of a long
list of ready-and-willing fellow-travelers who provide "window-dress-
ing" promptly and meekly whenever Communist Party strategy and
tactics call for the creation of a new front organization in a hurry.
Typical of Communist front organizations in the Sciences and Pro-
fessions classification are: Federation of Architects, Engineers, Chem-
ists and Technicians (now the United Office and Professional Workers,
C.I.O.), International Juridical Association, National Lawyers Guild,
Committee for the first amendment, Screen Writers Guild, Artists Com-
mittee to Win the War, etc.
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 53
III. Youth and Education
Communists devote interminable discussion and analysis to strategy
and tactics to subvert, cajole and lure every segment of the community
into either falling victim to the Communist philosophy, or else becom-
ing so confused and disunited that it is incapable of effective opposition
to Communist intrigue.
The committee 's files contain scores of analytical discussions of the
two preceding subclassifications, Art and Culture, and Sciences and
Professions. This material is completely flooded out by the downpour
of tactical and propaganda material on how to corrupt youth and to
dominate and influence education.
From William Z. Foster on down, the Communist leadership con-
tinues to beat its followers over the head with criticism of their mis-
takes in this field. Communist agents are continually admonished to
cultivate this field to the fullest in true Marxist-Leninist-Stalinist style.
No phase of education is immune from Communist infiltration,
strategic and tactical attack. From teachers' unions to child care centers ;
from textbooks to the classroom, Communist infiltration proceeds steadily
and persistently.
A close relationship will be found between Communist front groups
and their familiar window-dressing of confirmed fellow-travelers in the
fields of Art and Culture, and Sciences and Professions, and the front
groups directly intend to influence the educational structure of America.
Likewise, many professors and educators will be found repeatedly in
the directorship of front organizations in these interlocking fields, as a
glance at the index of this report will disclose.
Through a complicated net of Marxist groups, Ked agents have
penetrated into the writing, editing, printing, publishing and purchasing
of textbooks to be used in American schools. The objective of this Com-
munist penetration is to insinuate condemnation and criticism of the
American system into the minds of students, while praising and com-
mending Soviet Russia and socialism as the solution of all our problems.
One of the principal l i transmission belts ' ' for such propaganda has
been the Committee on Education of the National Council of American-
Soviet Friendship.
Another major phase of Communist educational work is the Com-
munist Party's own network of schools and classes, running from inno-
cent-appearing classes for aspiring artists and trade-unionists to the
ultimate postgraduate courses conducted by selected American Com-
munists in the Lenin School in Moscow, where the fine arts of espionage,
sabotage, street-fighting, dynamiting, and other indispensable skills for
violent revolution are taught by the Kremlin's most authoritative experts.
The committee has pointed out in a previous section of this report
that the two most important Communist schools in California are The
California Labor School in San Francisco, and People's Educational
Center in Hollywood. These schools are under the complete control and
domination of the Communist Party. In addition to serving the cause
of Communist educational work, they also function as intelligence and
communication centers between the formal Communist apparatus in.
California and the many front groups spawned by the Party.
54 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
These two schools serve as important and convenient meeting places
for important Communist functionaries and fellow-travelers. The record
of these schools and their management is reported fully in the alphabeti-
cal listing of Communist front organizations of this report.
Of comparable importance in the network of Communist schools is
another Pacific Coast institution, The Seattle Labor School.
The key mass organization for Communist infiltration and corrup-
tion of American youth is American Youth for Democracy, which is the
direct successor to The Young Communist League. (See 1945-1947
reports.) An important adult adjunct to American Youth for Democracy
is The Citizens Committee on Academic Freedom and similar organiza-
tions, formed to defend A.Y.D. from attempts to bar and ban it from
participating in campus activities in schools, colleges and universities.
Another important mass organization, heavily infiltrated and effec-
tively dominated by the Communist Party, is American Youth for a
Free World, which is a success6r to the Communist-influenced American
Youth Congress.
American Youth for a Free World was linked directly to the inter-
national Communist dominated youth organization, World Youth Coun-
cil, with headquarters in London, England. At an international World
Youth Conference in November, 1945, in London, a commission was
created, which developed The World Federation of Democratic Youth.
This is a completely Communist dominated international body, which
has close ties with two other important Red international bodies. These
are The World Federation of Trade Unions and The International Demo-
cratic Women's Federation.
World Federation of Democratic Youth publishes an official maga-
zine, World Youth, in four languages, Russian, French, Spanish, and
English. It staged an international conference and youth festival in
Prague, Czechoslovakia, in July, 1947.
(3) Communist Fronts for Domestic Affairs
The committee has emphasized in past reports, and it here reiterates
as strongly as possible, that the Communist Party in any country is
dedicated to the twin program of serving the interests of the foreign
policy of Soviet Russia, and of preparing the way for violent revolution
at home. This pattern is followed in Communist fronts for domestic
affairs.
There are two broad divisions of Communist activity in the field of
domestic affairs: those dealing with direct Communist programs and
those dealing with Communist infiltration and manipulation of basic
community groups. The latter subject is dealt with in the Basic Group
Appeal section as Classification Five of the Six Basic Classifications, in
a subsequent section of this report.
In the field of domestic affairs, the Communist front groups dealing
with direct Communist activities fall into three sub classifications :
I. Defense, Honoring and Support of Known Communists and
Communist Organizations ;
II. Legal Defense and Civil Rights; and
III. Political and Legislative.
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 55
In addition, the Basic Group Number Five, described in a subsequent
section of this report, provides Communist front organizations with
special appeal for charity, relief and unemployed, racial, religious and
refugee, trade-unions, consumers, farmers, veterans and similar segments
of the community.
I. Defense, Honoring and Support of Known Communists and Communist
Organizations
An acid test of an individual or organization for Communist leaning
is the attitude toward this classification of Communist front work.
No matter how sincere or confused an individual or group may be,
there is no excuse for lending his name or the prestige of an individual
or group to the honoring, support and defense of known Communists
and front groups under the pretext that the supporters of such movements
1 ' do not know what they are doing. ' '
This subclassification is entirely separate from the following sub-
classification under the general heading of Legal Defense and Civil
Rights, in which are to be found Communist fronts that specialize in
capitalizing on controversies that are useful to the Red program of dis-
cord and confusion, and which lend themselves to fund-raising campaigns
wherein Communists can secure control of large sums under the pretext
of carrying on a humanitarian activity.
The most conspicuous recent phase of this type of front organiza-
tion manipulation has been the series of committees, resolutions, rallies,
protests and publicity statements drummed up by the Communist Party
and its fellow-travelers to defend known Communists from charges of
perjury, contempt of Congress and the courts, immigration and passport
fraud, illegal registration, and other violations of law.
It is a standard policy of the Communist Party to contend, in every
case where a Communist is arrested, indicted or prosecuted, that the
criminal action against the Communist is not for purposes of law enforce-
ment and protection of the United States, but solely for purposes of
intimidation, "thought control" and persecution of minorities. It is
significant that Communists display little concern for the problems of
non-Communists who become involved in the same legal predicaments;
and that further, the Communists will not hesitate to demand total denial
of civil rights to those individuals and organizations they have labeled
as Fascist and reactionary.
Among typical Communist front organizations in this activity are :
Citizens Committee to Free Earl Browder, Protest Against Ban on
Browder, Bridges Defense Committee, Bridges Victory Committee, Open
Letter Protesting Ban on Communists in the American Civil Liberties
Union, International Labor Defense, Civil Rights Congress, Prestes
Defense, Schappes Defense Committee, Statement Urging Ballot Rights
for Communists, Defense Committees for Alexander Bittelman, Eugene
Dennis, Gerhardt Eisler, Hans Eisler, Claudia Jones, John Williamson,
and other Communists ; Committee for the First Amendment, Committee
of One Thousand, Committee for Defense of Joint anti-Fascist Refugee
Committee, Progressive Citizens of America, Joint Defense Rallies spon-
sored by Los Angeles Public Workers — C.I.O. and Social Workers Local
558, American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees —
A.F.L. • etc.
56 . UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
In addition to defending and supporting known Communist and
front organizations when they are in trouble, the Communist Party
periodically stages rallies, banquets, fund-drives and other celebrations
in honor of important anniversaries of leading Communists, front organ-
izations, party publications, and Soviet anniversaries.
Among the most significant of such unquestionably Communist
activities are the testimonial banquets for such well-known Communists
as Mother Ella Reeve Bloor and Leo Gallagher, rallies honoring anni-
versaries or Marxist achievements of Lenin, May Day, California Labor
School, People's Educational Center, Daily Worker, People's Daily
World, New Masses, Mainstream, Hollywood Writers Mobilization and
other important Communist heroes and front organizations.
Amongst typical examples of such Communist activities are: Ben
Leider Memorial Fund, Abraham Lincoln Brigades Banquets and Testi-
monials, Harry Bridges Victory Committee, Julius Rosenthal Memorial
Committee, Leo Gallagher Testimonial Dinner, Annual Anniversary
Fund Drives of the People 's Daily World, 10th Anniversary Celebration
of People 's Daily World, etc.
II. Legal Defense and Civil Rights
One of the most fertile fields for financial gain to the Red Fascists
as well as for the promotion of the fundamental tenets of Marxism, is
the field of civil liberties. Symptoms of oppression by one group or
another, majority restrictions on a minority, abuse or persecution of
individuals for racial, religious or class reasons, and any grievance,
fancied or legitimate, by a minority or underprivileged group, is lush
material for the Communists.
The general phases of this subject will be reported more fully in
Classification Number Five — the Basic Group Appeals. Specifically,
campaigns and programs for legal defense and defense of civil rights
are a keystone in the Marxists' structure for discord and disunity.
The entire theory of Marxism is based on the conception of a class
war between the "oppressors" in control of the instruments of produc-
tion and the "toiling masses." Communists contend, under a peculiar
theory of ' l colonial oppression, ' ' that American Negroes and American
Jews and other racial minorities, can be considered the equivalent of
oppressed colonial nations.
The revolutionary application of this theory is the attempt to con-
vince every segment of the community that it can solve its particular
problems and advance its particular interests and aspirations only by
joining in the class war and eventually playing a part with the prole-
tariat— of which the Communist Party is the most advanced unit — in
the violent overthrow of non-Communist government and the establish-
ment of the dictatorship of the proletariat.
It is natural, therefore, to fit into the pattern of revolutionary
preparation, that front organizations must be created by the Communist
Party continuously, to specialize in legal defense of minority or work-
ing class individuals or groups involved in legal troubles, discrimination,
employment, housing and job opportunities, and persons who come
under public censure in connection with activities of a radical, revo-
lutionary or subversive character.
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 57
The striking exception to this Marxist rule — and an exception that
refutes the dishonest pretense to humanitarian motives — is that Com-
munists never concern themselves with defending or assisting anti-
Communists, no matter how radical they may be.
The general subject of civil rights also is a fertile field for Com-
munist agitation. Because of the deep concern for these rights, liberal-
minded Americans ever are quick to act to preserve liberty and freedom.
By playing upon the theme of civil rights, Communists repeatedly
lure well-meaning innocents into providing window-dressing for Com-
munist front organizations; and in the name of prominent liberals,
huge sums are raised through " letterhead " organizations and com-
mittees, very little of which ever goes to the humanitarian purpose that is
espoused in screaming propaganda.
The committee has devoted much investigation, thought and study
to this phase of Communist activity. The committee finds that one of
the best ways to prevent Red manipulation of Americans and their
patriotic devotion to the protection of liberties and freedoms, is for all
citizens to exercise extreme caution in associating themselves with
"wildcat" committees and organizations.
California numbers among its organized groups scores of substantial,
reliable and representative organizations for every segment and need
of the populace. These include business and trade associations, chambers
of commerce, farm organizations, trade-unions, service, fraternal, wel-
fare clubs and associations, veteran, professional, religious, civic, charity
and educational organizations.
The committee is firmly convinced that any problem confronting
American citizens can be dealt with through responsible, bona fide organ-
izations; and that recourse to association with Communist traitors and
to Communist created and controlled front organizations is the surest
prescription for defeating the objective of any legitimate program by
any segment of the people.
The committee again calls attention to the plainly worded directive
for revolutionary manipulation of "day-to-day" problems:
« * * * Qur program is the most powerful thing in the political
life of our country today. We are planting it in America so that it
grows right out of the ground of our country and our community
* * * our strategy is to use * * * immediate demands to educate
and organize the masses in preparation for the final revolutionary
struggle * * * reliance on immediate demands would lead us only
to reformism. Our party is a revolutionary party. It aims not to
ease conditions a bit under Capitalism for the workers, but to abolish
Capitalism altogether * * * the Communist Party knows how to
participate in the daily struggle of the workers * * * it knows
how to utilize all these struggles to develop class consciousness * * *
and thus begin the mobilization for the eventual overthrow of
Capitalism. " (A Talk About the Communist Party.)
Under this plainly stated outline of purpose, and following its inter-
minably propagandized theory of the "vanguard role," the Communist
Party never spends one moment of work, one drop of sweat, one adjective
pf denunciation unless it is amalgamated with the "daily struggle" of
58 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
the ' ' toiling masses ' ' and advances its program for the ' ' eventual over-
throw of Capitalism. ' '
The committee finds that, despite the propaganda smoke screen, no
Communist has ever participated with a trade-union, racial, religious
or minority group, or joined in a program for the protection of Amer-
ican civil rights, except for the sole purpose of twisting the program
to serve the foreign policy of Soviet Russia or to prepare the way for
eventual violent revolution in the United States.
"Thought Control"
A major feature of the Communist Party's current defense pro-
gram is its nation-wide campaign against what they have termed ' ' thought
control." In view of the brutal, murderous suppression of free speech,
freedom of association, and the free exchange of news and ideas behind
the Iron Curtain, imposed by the Kremlin, this Communist smoke screen
becomes a tragic joke of cosmic significance.
The current Communist strategy for the defense of its treacherous
activities is neither improvised nor casual. The entire program was
carefully worked out as far back as 1946, and thoroughly organized
in 1947. An aroused American public was anticipated. When the Com-
munist Party was reconstituted as a revolutionary party after the war
ended, and the "Political Association" was abandoned, the Communist
Commissars did a lot of streamlining and reorganizing in order to get
back on the beam as a revolutionary party and an instrument of the
Soviet Union. The American Communist leadership realized that the
resumption of the revolutionary class war and treachery in the United
States would necessarily provoke indignation, suspicion and investiga-
tion, plus determined action on the part of governmental agencies.
American Communist Party strategists consequently planned in advance
to make an asset of a liability. An immediate attack was decided upon
as the best possible defense.
"Fight Thought Control" was launched publicly in December of
1946. A series of forum meetings were held at the El Patio Theater in
Hollywood under the general title "Counter- Attack Against the Plot
to Control America's Thinking." (See Committee's 1947 Report.) The
Communist front, Hollywood Writers ' Mobilization, sponsored the series.
Among those who participated in the "Forum Series" were John
Howard Lawson, Howard Koch, Dalton Trumbo, Irving Pichel, and
Robert W. Kenny.
Both Lawson and Kenny demanded an l ' investigation of the investi-
gators. ' ' The purpose of the forums, of course, was to condition so-called
" liberals" and " innocents " in the film industry to accept official investi-
gations of Communist activities as an effort on the part of the ' ' bosses ' '
to impose " thought control" upon the nice, kind people who only want
to destroy the Government of the United States in a bloody civil war.
Following the ' ' Forum Series ' ' the Communists launched a public
rally at the Gilmore Stadium in Los Angeles, starring Henry Wallace
and Katharine Hepburn. Robert W. Kenny introduced Wallace, who
was billed as the principal speaker, but Katharine Hepburn stole the
show. Her subject, of course, was "thought control," and while her
speech was probably written by one of the red writers in the Screen
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 59
Writers Guild, she spoke the lines well and the comrades gave her an
ovation. Miss Hepburn denounced President Harry S. Truman and his
Democratic supporters; the Republican Party; Attorney General Tom
Clark; the House Committee on Un-American Activities; Chairman J.
Parnell Thomas; the California Legislature's Fact-Finding Committee
on Un-American Activities; State Senator Jack B. Tenney; the Holly-
wood Motion Picture Alliance ; and others, as responsible for a "plot" to
foist "thought control" on the "liberal" and "progressive" people of
America.
The affair was held under the auspices of the Communist front,
the Progressive Citizens of America. After the Hepburn tirade, no one
was interested in printing Wallace 's speech, but the Progressive Citizens
of America boasted that more than three million copies of the Hepburn
proclamation had been printed and distributed, in addition to extensive
radio rebroadcasts.
The key ' ' line ' ' was thus established. Through the Communist skill
in amalgamation, defense of the Bill of Rights, freedom of the press, radio
and films, is to be identified with the Communist Party 's desperate fight
against investigation and exposure.
Following the Hepburn incident a "Conference on Thought Con-
trol" was held at the Beverly Hills Hotel on July 9 to 13, 1947, also
sponsored by the communist Progressive Citizens of America and its
Hollywood Arts, Sciences and Professions Council. The "conference"
featured papers by 50 individuals on various phases of ' ' thought control ' '
together with suggestions on strategy and tactics in fighting investigating
governmental agencies. Among those who offered "papers" were Henry
Wallace, Harlow Shapley, Norman Corwin, John Cromwell, Frank
Kingdon, Morris E. Colin, Charlotta Bass, Sam Moore, Darr Smith,
Milton S. Tyre, Harold Orr, Paul Draper, Ann Revere, Donald Ogden
Stewart, and Hugh De Lacy.
Subsequent to this thinly disguised Communist conference, Pro-
gressive Citizens of America published the full proceedings in a series of
six pamphlets. It constitutes a compendium of Communist Party "line"
thinking and tactics on the ' * thought control ' ' program.
Every Communist Party functionary has been called in and alerted
to the current program, and detailed directives have been passed down
to the most obscure Communist Party member and fellow-traveler.
The first concrete action based on the "thought control" strategem
was directed against President Truman's order for a loyalty check of
federal employees. The second barrage was leveled against the Los
Angeles loyalty check program of the courageous members of the Los
Angeles County Board of Supervisors. (This county ordinance has just
been declared constitutional by the Los Angeles Superior Court as this
report goes to press.) The third operation was launched against the
House Committee on Un-American Activities in October of 1947. This
Senate committee is the most recent target because of its Oakland and
Los Angeles hearings.
This committee wishes to go on record, at this point, in congratulating
the four alert, patriotic members of the Los Angeles County Board of
Supervisors who had the courage and the vision to adopt the county
loyalty check ordinance. It is to be devoutly hoped that other public
bodies will be encouraged to follow the course now successfully charted
60 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
by the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors and its chairman, Ray-
mond V. Darby.
Communist groups in California that are taking a leading role in
the " thought control" tactic is the Communist Party of California,
Mobilization for Democracy, American Youth for Democracy, California
Legislative Conference, Progressive Citizens of America, United Public
Workers— C.I.O., County Social Workers, Local 558, of the A.F.L.,
County and Municipal Employees, and the Civil Rights Congress. Every
Communist front organization, however, has been alerted, and will carry
a share of the fight in order to make the entire program appear to be
spontaneous and of ' ' grass root ' ' character.
It should be pointed out that the A.F.L. County and Municipal
Employees is not listed here as a Communist front organization. The
national organization is strongly anti-Communist. The International
President, Arnold Zander, flew to Los Angeles and notified the officers
of Local 558 that they were ''dangerously violating" A.F.L. policy in
collaborating with the Communist controlled United Public "Workers of
America — C.I.O.
The Progressive Citizens of America staged a rally at the Shrine
Auditorium in Los Angeles October 16, 1947, in honor of the Hollywood
"Ten" cited for contempt of the Thomas Committee in Washington.
Speakers on this program for the 10 Hollywood Communists were Larry
Parks, Norman Corwin, Lester Cole, Dalton Trumbo, Albert Maltz,
Evelyn Keyes, Burgess Meredith, Marsha Hunt, and Irving Pichel. Gene
Kelly acted as master of ceremonies and Bert Witt did the "collection
show" — the most important part of any Communist rally. Robert W.
Kenny introduced Bartley Crum, who described the 10 recalcitrant Com-
munist witnesses as * ' great Americans. ' '
' ' Stop Operation Witch Hunt ' ' was staged at the Shrine Auditorium
November 9, 1947, under the sponsorship of Mobilization for Democracy,
United Public Workers of America and Local 558 of the A.F.L. County
Social Workers. Robert W. Kenny, O. John Rogge, former United
States Deputy Attorney General, and New York's top communist cultural
figure, Howard Fast, were scheduled as the "stars" of this rally. The
purpose of the meeting was to launch the Communist attack on the county
board of supervisors' loyalty check ordinance.
The Communist Party plan may be summed up as a series of activi-
ties designed to play on conflicts and tensions :
(a) By challenging and questioning the legality, rights, duties and
authority of investigations, hearings, and loyalty checks that threaten
to expose Communist aims, tactics, strategy and members ;
(b) By appealing to prejudices and beliefs on issues, other than that
of Communism, to transfer those prejudices and beliefs against indi-
viduals and agencies that are conducting or supporting investigations,
hearings, and loyalty checks; and
(c) By Communists conducting themselves, in connection with
investigations, hearings and loyalty checks, in such a manner as to create
incidents that can be used by world Communist propagandists, to delude
people in other nations into believing that Fascism, imperialism and a
police state are being set up in America.
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 61
Part and parcel of the "thought control" campaign is the Com-
munist directive to its members to, (1) refuse to answer questions con-
cerning their affiliation with the party, and, (2) to boldly challenge the
right of 'any committee or agency to inquire concerning such affiliation.
It has become increasingly evident to the members of this committee that
the adoption of these directives by a witness indicates, better than the
display of a red card, that the witness is a member of the Communist
Party acting under orders from Communist Commissars.
The current line, as disclosed by recent Communist directives, may
be summarized as follows :
(a) Smear any hearing by investigating agencies as invasions of the
Bill of Rights, privacy, free association, and free speech.
(b) Challenge conduct and procedure of all hearings and investiga-
tions as illegal, and as a suppression of free speech in "an atmosphere of
intimidation. ' '
(c) Challenge the right of Congressional or legislative bodies to
ask questions of anyone concerning their "political'' affiliations. (This
directive includes the process of always amalgamating "political" with
"religious", in order to insinuate that "religious" persecution is con-
templated.)
(d) Attack all evidence against Communists as hearsay.
(e) Demand that Communist attorneys be permitted to cross-
examine witnesses and that the rules of evidence be strictly applied in
legislative hearings.
(f) Make every effort to create the impression that Communist
witnesses are actually accused of crimes and that they are on trial and
are being deprived of all their rights without due process of law.
(g) Charge that investigations of Communism are "witch hunts"
and a waste of the taxpayers money. All investigations of Communism
are to be charged as directed against labor and racial minorities.
(h) Fill the investigating agency's transcripts with protests and
charges ; claim intimidation, and, on every occasion, liken the investigat-
ing agency 's methods to Hitlerism.
Among typical Communist front organizations in Legal Defense and
Civil Rights in this subclassification are: Bridges Defense Committee;
King, Connor, Ramsey Defense Committee; Greater New York Emer-
gency Committee Conference on Inalienable Rights ; International Labor
Defense ; Civil Rights Congress ; Mobilization for Democracy ; National
Committee for the Defense of Political Prisoners ; Civil Rights Federa-
tion; Committee for the First Amendment; American Committee of
Liberals for the Freedom of Mooney and Billings; Scottsboro Defense
Committee; National Conference on Civil Liberties; National Negro
Congress; American Committee for Democracy and Intellectual Free-
dom; National Committee for People's Rights, and the Freedom From
Fear Committee.
III. Political and Legislative
Communists have no more use for parliamentary government than
they have for capitalism. They seek to destroy both. The one basic goal of
Communism is to eliminate capitalism and its parliamentary government,
and replace them with a brutal, totalitarian police state under the dic-
tatorship of the proletariat.
62 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Wherever Red Fascism has snuffed out liberty and freedom, the first
things to go were civil rights, capitalism and parliamentary government.
Just as the Communists in America sneeringly and cynically take
advantage of our freedoms and liberties, so do they pervert and corrupt
our political and legislative process wherever possible.
The history of Communist front organizations in politics discloses
a record of fine causes corrupted, perverted, destroyed or damaged by the
Communist Party 's fanatical insistence on bending * ' daily struggle ' ' to
advance the program of ' * eventual overthrow of capitalism. ' '
The committee has discovered and reported repeatedly, that the
Communists work incessantly to pervert and destroy every institution
that does not fit into their pattern of revolutionary conspiracy. Nowhere
has this Communist strategy been pursued more consistently and relent-
lessly than in the fields of politics and legislation.
The most recent consolidation of this Communist program of legis-
lative and political activity through front organizations, has been the
recent coalition of a series of Communist front organizations under the
banner of the Third Party Movement to elect Henry Wallace President
of the United States.
In California, the basic Communist front organizations in this coali-
tion are the Progressive Citizens of America, Independent Progressive
Party, California Legislative Conference, Communist-Controlled Trade
Unions in the C. I. 0., the "Wallace Democrats" Caucus in the Demo-
cratic Party, Progressive A. F. of L., and a student movement for Wallace,
sponsored by American Youth for Democracy.
Behind a facade of specious promises of "peace, progress and pros-
perity, ' ' the Third Party movement has proceeded with mechanical pre-
cision, following every twist and turn of the Communist Party line on
foreign affairs and domestic issues. It has conducted its activities in such
a manner as to stamp itself as an American tool of the international Com-
munist conspiracy. Its policies, tactics and appeals fit the specifications for
every type of Communist front organization described and classified in
the entire report of this committee, and it follows the party "line"
meticulously.
The Third Party movement to elect Henry Wallace is the creature of
the Communist Party. Its policies, programs, organization, structure,
public relations, personnel and directing leadership all have followed and
now follow the Communist Party pattern with unbroken monotony. Its
key personnel are known Communists, fellow-travelers and veteran
apologists for Soviet Russia and American Communism.
Hugh Bryson, state chairman of the Independent Progressive Party
in California is a Communist and a veteran of Communist conspiratorial
activity in the Marine Cooks and Stewards Union, C. I. 0.
Among I. P. P. and Wallace leaders in California, are Robert W.
Kenny, Harry Bridges, Philip M. Connelly, James Burford, James
Daughterty, vice-chairman ; A. B. Goolsby, Treasurer ; Elinor Kahn, state
director ; Harper W. Poulson, Southern California regional director ; Mrs.
Ruth Slade, Southern California campaign manager ; Mrs. Tiba Willner,
Southern California finance director ; on Southern California trade-union
sponsor list are Howard de Silva, Charles Gladstone, William Elconin,
Edward L. Barnes, Maurice Howard, Bernard Lusher, C. C. Carlson,
Antonio Lucio, Lloyd Seeliger, Joe Heilbrun, John Huhn, Katie Brooks,
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 63
A. J. Richardson, John Allard, Frank Green and Joseph 0 'Conner.
Among the alleged Democrats are Victor A. Shapiro, and Judge Stanley
Moffatt.
Among the Communist front organizations in the fields of politics
and legislation are : Progressive Citizens of America, Independent Citi-
zens Committee of the Arts, Sciences and Professions, Hollywood Demo-
cratic Committee, Motion Picture Democratic Committee, California Leg-
islative Conference, Progressive A. F. of L., American Youth for Democ-
racy, National Congress for Unemployment and Social Insurance, and
National Right-to-Work Congress.
(4) Communist Fronts for Foreign Policy
The only interest the Communist Party has in foreign policy is to
serve the interests of Soviet Russia. The Communist Party of the United
States frequently has tied itself into knots in attempting to follow the
"sharp turns" and "pretzel twists" of world Communism diplomacy.
Like all major Communist policies, this one also has a huge bibliog-
raphy of strategic and tactical literature, all centered around a so-called
"theory of capitalist encirclement." Simplified to its bare bones, this
theory contends that Communist states can never tolerate being encircled
by capitalist states, so therefore, it is an obvious fact to all Marxists that
all non-Communist capitalist governments be destroyed and replaced with
dictatorships of the proletariat.
The committee has found that the theme song of the American Com-
munist Party on foreign policy is the protection of the Communist father-
land, Soviet Russia.
There never has been an instance in the history of the U. S. Com-
munist Party; of its front groups, of its conspicuous fellow-travelers,
when the party, its front organizations, or its stooges have critized any
phase of Soviet foreign policy. The interests of the United States, when-
ever its foreign policy came in conflict with that of Soviet Russia, is
promptly and roundly denounced.
There are three major subclassifications of Communist fronts in the
field of foreign policy. These are :
I. Fronts for Support and Praise of the Soviet Union ;
II. Fronts for the Support and Praise of Communist-dominated
Nations and of Communist Parties in Other Nations ; and
III. Fronts on War, Peace and Foreign Relations.
It is vitally important to the Communist Party that it maintain con-
stant activity in the propaganda field with fronts in these three subclassi-
fications. One of the duties of fellow-travelers is that they be ever ready
to serve on such fronts, and whip up propaganda activity in support of
the foreign policy of Soviet Russia, no matter what stigma accrues from
such activities.
Thus, when the Communist Party ordered an all-out support of * * The
Yanks Are Not Coming" program, during the period of the Hitler-Stalin
pact, Philip M. Connelly, Communist secretary of the Los Angeles C. I. 0.
Council, dutifully led demonstrations on the steps of the Los Angeles
City Hall.
64 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Connelly also led the Communist sponsored strike at North Amer-
ican Aviation, a strike which was broken up by United States troops under
orders of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, who condemned the strike
as Communist-inspired treachery.
Connelly was an important "window-dressing," but when Com-
munist Party policy dictated action that must necessarily prove unpopu-
lar with many Americans, Connelly obeyed. It is a sad commentary on
the memory of many responsible community leaders that Connelly, with
the aid of clever publicity from leftwing propagandists, managed to
cover up his pro-Communist activity against America when Stalin and
Hitler were partners. He posed as a responsible and patriotic civic leader
after the U. S. Communists turned to all-out patriotism when Hitler
invaded Russia.
Connelly is a conspicuous and typical example of hundreds of native-
born Communists who have stamped themselves as subservient tools of
the criminal Communist conspiracy.
It is significant, although Connelly was the secretary of one of the
two big C. I. 0. councils in California, that it was necessary for him to fol-
low the party line in opposing fundamental patriotic policies. Americans
are prone to regard Communist functionaries and key fellow-travelers
in the light of the positions they hold. This is wholly a wrong viewpoint.
The fact is, that f uctionaries and key fellow-travelers are considered by
Communist Commissars as infantry shock troops in a mass battle. When
one falls through enemy fire, another is expected to step forward to take
his place. Under Communist policy, if Connelly and the Communist
propagandists had not succeeded in covering up his brazen, unpatriotic
display, Philip M. Connelly would have been liquidated from his impor-
tant post as C. I. 0. secretary in Los Angeles. He would have been trans-
ferred to another assignment, and the Communist caucus would have put
up another candidate for his job.
One of the basic tests of the dyed-in-the-wool fellow-traveler is the
alacrity in which he follows the "sharp turns" of Communist Party line
strategy in connection with foreign policy. Connelly is merely an example
of hundreds whose names trail across the letterheads of hundreds of front
organizations that come and go as Kremlin strategy dictates.
The committee refers interested readers to the brief analysis of the
"sharp turns" of Comintern thinking cited in the Committee's 1943
Report, pages 39-50; the Committee's 1945 Report, page 90; and to the
Committee 's 1947 Report, pages 17-34.
The committee recommends that all citizens of California give par-
ticular scrutiny to the backgrounds, associations and motives of indi-
viduals and organizations who seek to propagandize the people in behalf
of foreign policy issues. The committee particularly stresses the fact that
one of the basic functions of the U. S. Communist Party is to serve the
interests of the foreign policy of Soviet Russia. It should be held in mind
that the foreign policy of Soviet Russia today is squarely opposed to the
policies and aspirations of the United States and all freedom-loving
countries.
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 65
I. Fronts for Support and Praise of the Soviet Union
When the Communist Party was founded in Chicago, Illinois, Sep-
tember 1-7, 1919, it declared in its First Manifesto, adopted by the organ-
izing convention, that :
"A giant struggle is convulsing the world * * * between the
capitalist nations of the world and the international proletariat,
inspired by Soviet Russia. * * * The Communist Party is a party
of the working class. The Communist Party proposes to end capital-
ism and organize a workers' industrial republic. The Communist
Party is a party realizing the limitations of all existing workers'
organizations, and proposes to develop the revolutionary movement
necessary to free the workers from the oppression of Capitalism.
* * * The Communist Party insists that the problems of the Amer-
ican worker are identical to the problems of the workers of the
world. * * * The Communist Party is the conscious expression of
the class struggle of the workers against capitalism. Its aim is to
direct this struggle to the conquest of political power, the overthrow
of capitalism and the destruction of the bourgeois state. * * * The
Communist Party directs the workers' struggle against capitalism,
developing fuller forms and purposes in this struggle, culminating in
the mass action of the revolution. * * *
t( * * * rp^ communist International, issuing directly out of
the proletarian revolution in action, is the organ of the International
revolutionary proletariat. * * * The Communist International rep-
resents a Socialism in complete accord with the revolutionary char-
acter of the class struggle. It unites all the conscious revolutionary
forces. It wages war equally against Imperialism and moderate
Socialism * * * the workers must prepare for the proletarian revo-
lution and the Communist reconstruction of society. * * * The Com-
munist International calls. Workers of the world, unite ! ' '
The Communist Party was launched with praise and support of
Soviet Russia, and a firm pledge of allegiance to the Communist Inter-
national. It made a bold promise of violent revolutionary overthrow of
the Government of the United States.
Since that plain statement of purpose was made, the U. S. Com-
munist Party has set up hundreds of fronts to honor and support Soviet
Russia. It mobilizes every possible activity in plain defiance of the inter-
ests of the United States in its consistent support of the foreign policy of
Soviet Russia.
Among the more conspicuous fronts for this purpose are : American
Council on Soviet Relations, American Friends of the Soviet Union,
Friends of Soviet Russia, Friends of the Soviet Union, Congress of Amer-
ican-Soviet Friendship, Golden Book of American Friendship With the
Soviet Union, National Council of American- Soviet Friendship, Open
Letter for Closer Cooperation With the Soviet Union, Open Letter to
American Liberals, Russian- American Industrial Corp., Russian Famine
Relief Committee, Soviet Russia Today, Statement by American Pro-
gressives on the Moscow Trials, and the American-Russian Institute.
6— L-7088-D
66 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
II. Fronts for Support and Praise of Communist Dominated Nations and
Communist Parties in Other Lands
The committee has pointed out in this report, and in its 1943, 1945,
and 1947 reports, that the Communist blueprint for world conquest
includes in its detailed technical analysis and teachings, the basic theme
of Marxism-Leninism-Stalinism theory of ' ' capitalist encirclement. ' '
Under this theory, the Soviet fatherland, Russia, as custodian of the
flame of international revolution, will never be safe as long as it is
" encircled" by capitalist countries. Therefore, it is necessary that Com-
munists everywhere protect Russia from the "encircling" capitalist
states by revolutionary activity in every country in the world.
Second only to Soviet Russia itself, as objects of honor, praise and
support, are the nations in which Communist Party revolutionists have
schemed and tricked their way to power. These nations are hailed by
Communists as "the new democracies" and their dictators, Tito, Dimit-
roff, Gottwald, and other bloodstained Red Quislings, are high on the list
of those for whom only praise is reserved in the Communist press.
There is no Communist-dominated country behind the "Iron Cur-
tain ' ' for which there is not an American Communist front to agitate and
propagandize in its behalf.
Next in importance are the Communist Parties and their front groups
in nations not yet dominated by the Communist dictatorship; whose
"workers struggles" are hailed regularly in the Communist press and
propaganda services ; and for whom front groups continually raise huge
sums of money in this country.
Among the more conspicuous fronts in this sub-classification are:
The American Committee for Free Yugoslavia, American Friends of the
Chinese People, Conference on Pan-American Democracy, Council on
African Affairs, Council for Pan-American Democracy, Abraham Lincoln
Brigade, American Friends of Spanish Democracy, Friends of the Abra-
ham Lincoln Brigade, and scores of other fronts in connection with the
Spanish civil war; American Croatian Congress, American Slav Con-
gress, Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee, Slovene National Congress,
United Committee of South Slavic Americans, etc.
III. Fronts on War, Peace and Foreign Relations
All the Communist fronts described in the two preceding sub-
classifications, and hundreds of more permanent and special fronts, have
been utilized by the Communist Party to promote agitation, propaganda,
political activity and demonstrations on general questions of war, peace
and foreign policy, all of which are solely the business of the American
people, but toward which the Communists with unvarying consistency,
apply the single yardstick: "How will it serve the interests of Soviet
Russia?"
The committee has found repeatedly, and it again reiterates that the
attempt of the Communist Party of America to appear as a legally con-
stituted domestic political party, is purely a deceptive fiction.
The committee has urged, and it urges again, that immediate steps
be taken to strengthen the statutes of California, wherever necessary, to
the end that this fiction of legality and respectability of a foreign-con-
trolled subversive organization in the State of California be ended for-
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 67
ever. The committee is now preparing legislative recommendations for
the consideration of the Legislature in its 1949 Session.
The committee reiterates its findings that the Communist Party is
the agent of a foreign power, specifically Soviet Russia. The committee
cites particularly the following :
All Communists believe themselves to be in a state of perpetual
warfare with all capitalist governments. The over-all strategy of the
Communist Party is designed to bring about the destruction of all
democratic governments. The ultimate objective is the establishment
of the so-called dictatorship of the proletariat *
* * * All Communists firmly believe that the Soviet Union is
the Red Fatherland of the proletariat everywhere, and, as such, it
must be protected in its development at any cost, because it is the
arsenal for world conquest. Meanwhile, Communists in all countries
work for revolution, taking Stalin at his word, when he said that ' * in
the event of necessity (Soviet Russia) would come out even with
armed forces against the exploiting classes in their states." Thus,
every Communist in the United States is a potential traitor, saboteur
and espionage agent of Soviet Russia * * *
* * * Acts of sabotage and violence, terror and assassination
may be expected, if diplomatic relations between the United States
and Soviet Russia become strained * * * The American people
must be awakened to the fact that every member of the American
Communist Party is a potential espionage and sabotage agent for
the Soviet government. Our people must realize, now more than ever
before, that it is the admitted and avowed purpose of Moscow to
create and foster a Communist revolution in every capitalist democ-
racy in the world * * *
Among the more conspicuous Communist fronts that have defied
brazenly the interests of the United States and other freedom-loving
nations whenever they have been in conflict with the interests of Soviet
Russia and world Communism are: All American Anti Imperialist
League, American Committee for Struggle Against War, American
Congress for Peace and Democracy, American League for Peace and
Democracy, American Peace Crusade, American Peace Mobilization,
Committee to Defend America by Keeping Out of War, Committee for
Peace Through World Cooperation, Emergency Peace Mobilization,
Student Congress Against War, World Congress Against War, " Yanks
Are Not Coming" Committee, Hollywood Anti-Nazi League, etc.
(5) Fronts for Appeals to Basic Groups
The Communist Party never attacks a problem from one vantage
point alone. Since front organizations are false-faces for Communism,
it is natural that the Communist Party attempts to create an air of spon-
taneity for its programs. This usually is accomplished by having several
alleged humanitarian and liberal front groups join in a "coalition" for
the Communist purpose.
The practical application of this technique is through Communist
Party infiltration into organizations, in addition to those organized by the
Communists for the purpose.
68 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
A typical instance of this strategic and tactical manipulation of
fronts may be found in the current major Communist "party line" pro-
gram to "fight thought control and defend civil rights."
The actual truth is that a large number of Communists have been
arrested, indicted, jailed and prosecuted for violations of law. Charges
against the Communists include passport and immigration fraud, false
registration, perjury, contempt, and advocating the overthrow of the
United States Government by force and violence.
The Communists were forced to devise a strategy to meet this situa-
tion. The strategy, naturally, was carried into effect through front groups,
and every appeal was made to lure and trick all possible support behind
Communist functionaries.
The committee has compiled and examined a large file of propaganda
material on the subject of the Communist sponsored campaign against
alleged ' ' thought control. ' '
This material has been checked and compared with the resolutions,
press releases and statements, communications and advertising of the
various Communist front groups on the same subjects.
The committee has been impressed with the pattern of Communist
Party policy running through these two sets of propaganda material,
one from official Communist sources, the other from Communist front
groups.
The committee has pointed out that it is a standard practice of the
Communist Party, in every instance where a Communist functionary is
arrested, indicted or prosecuted, to contend that the law enforcement
against the Communist is not for the purpose of enforcing the law, but
solely for purposes of intimidation, persecution of labor and minorities,
and for "thought control."
This is the same position that is taken invariably by Communists on
the witness stand at legislative investigations into Communist activity.
Communists under investigation have repeatedly and brazenly defied
Congress, the California State Legislature, courts, and police authorities.
They openly practice and advocate defiance and disrespect for parlia-
mentary bodies, for police and government agencies, and for the courts,
as a basic tenet of their avowed program of work through "daily
struggle. ' '
The committee points out that American Communists openly advo-
cate the total destruction of our national heritage of liberty and freedom,
and brazenly take advantage of civil rights in order to hamper legislative
and police processes essential to the protection of our State and Nation.
The committee reports that the Communist technique of defiance of
Congress, the Legislature, the courts and the police agencies of our
Nation is part and parcel of the revolutionary conspiracy to destroy
our liberties and freedoms by an organization that is a servant of a
foreign power.
Our citizens must be provided with information based on authori-
tative investigation and public disclosure of individuals and organiza-
tions that conspire to destroy our freedom and liberties.
While providing every possible safeguard to insure our complete
right and authority to inquire into the conspiracies of traitors, we must
likewise safeguard against the destruction or nullification of our liberties
and freedoms.
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 69
The American public is now thoroughly familiar with what has
heretofore been labeled the "$64 Question," "Are you now, or have you
ever been, a member of the Communist Party ? ' '
The committee has heard the testimony of many Communists and
fellow-travelers, and it has examined the transcripts of numerous investi-
gations and hearings by congressional and legislative bodies. The Com-
mittee has discovered that no Communist, except those who are publicly
proclaimed as such, ever give a straightforward answer to this question.
The attempt of Communists and fellow-travelers to evade answering
this question presents a monotonous pattern of propaganda-statements.
The testimony of suspected Communists, their prepared statements,
their interviews in the Communist press, and the propaganda rallies,
advertisements and literature issued in their behalf, are a revelation of
the interests and preoccupations of the Communist Party.
Invariably, the defense tactics by, and in behalf of, suspected Com-
munists presents a lengthy harangue ; they contend that they are being
persecuted because they are friends and leaders of organized labor, of
minority groups, of the underprivileged and the impoverished, the
veterans, the unemployed, the victims of capitalist oppression, and vari-
ous other basic groupings of the citizenry whom the Communists consider
likely targets for agitational work.
The committee has conducted a thorough investigation and analysis
of those organizations.
Analysis of the claims of the Communists (and the prompt echoes of
front organizations) in defense of arrested, indicted and convicted Com-
munists, reveals that the following general subclassifications may be
listed as Basic Groups. These groups are, as the committee has pointed
out, in addition to the other four major classifications of front groups
described in preceding sections of this report: (1) The Indispensable
Organizations for Revolution; (2) Fronts for Culture and Science; (3)
Fronts for Domestic Affairs ; and (4) Fronts for Foreign Affairs.
These are the subclassifications in the Basic Appeals Group :
I. Fronts in, and for, Organized Labor.
II. Fronts for Charity, Relief and the Unemployed.
III. Racial, Refugee and Alien.
IV. Veterans and Military.
V. Farmers.
VI. Consumers.
Analysis qf programs and policies of revolutionary science pro-
claimed in Communist official statements, and textbooks, reveals that
creation of front groups in these basic appeals groups, together with
Communist organized fronts, are considered indispensable to preparation
for a successful revolution.
I. Fronts in, and for, Organized Labor
The backbone of the Communist revolutionary conspiracy is the crea-
tion of revolutionary industrial trade-unions.
International Communism never has made a secret about its inten-
tion to use trade-unions as the spring-board for its revolutionary plotting.
Alert and patriotic United States trade-union leaders have known this
70 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
fact from the beginning. The most aggressive, well-informed and prac-
tical enemies of Communism will be found among such trade-union
leaders.
America is fortunate that such a reservoir of sanity and vigilance
exists at the very spot Communists consider to be the Nation's weakest
point. The committee commends the leaders and members of organized
labor who oppose Communism and its bloody tyranny over workers. The
committee urges every responsible leader of business, church, fraternal,
veteran, and patriotic organizations, that he acquaint himself with the
problems and philosophies of responsible trade-union leadership in deal-
ing with the menace of Communism.
The committee cites the statement of policy toward organized labor,
from the First Manifesto of the Communist Party of the United States,
adopted at the Communist Party's organizing convention, September
1-7, 1919, in Chicago, Illinois :
The Communist Party is the conscious expression of the class
struggle of the workers against capitalism. Its aim is to direct this
struggle to the conquest of political power, the overthrow of capi-
talism and the destruction of the bourgeois state * * * It brings to
the workers a consciousness of their oppression, of the impossibility
of improving their conditions under capitalism * * *.
The Communist Party shall make the great industrial struggles
of the working class its major campaign, in order to develop an
understanding of the strike in relation to the overthrow of capi-
talism.
(a) The Communist Party shall participate in mass strikes, not
only to achieve the immediate purposes of the strike, but to develop
the revolutionary implications of the mass strike.
* * * The Communist Party must engage actively in the struggle
to revolutionize the trade unions. As against the unionism of the
American Federation of Labor, the Communist Party propagandizes
industrial unionism and industrial union organization, emphasizing
their revolutionary implications. Industrial unionism is not simply
a means for the everyday struggle against capitalism ; its ultimate
purpose is revolutionary, implying the necessity of ending the
capitalist, parliamentary state. Industrial unionism is a factor in
the final mass action for the conquest of power * * * The Communist
Party recognized that the A. F. of L. is reactionary and a bulwark of
capitalism * * * It shall be the major task of the Communist Party to
agitate for the construction of a general industrial union organiza-
tion, embracing the I. W. W., W. I. I. U., independent and secession
unions, militant unions of the A. F. of L., and the unorganized
workers on the basis of the revolutionary class struggle * * * The
United States is developing an aggressive militarism. The Commun-
ist Party will wage the struggle against militarism as a phase of the
class struggle to hasten the downfall of Capitalism.
This is the blueprint for the use of trade-unions as instruments for
violent revolution laid down by the organizing meeting of the Com-
munist Party of the United States. Never since that time in 1919 when the
Communists organized to betray their own country, has Communist policy
deviated from this fundamental policy.
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 71
The incessant struggle and conflict within American trade-unions,
between Communist conspirators and honest and patriotic members of
organized labor is explained in light of the foregoing knowing, and
resenting, the fact that the Communists seek to use their unions to per-
vert them to the cause of revolution, the overwhelming majority of
American union men and women are the targets of abuse, character
assassination, slander and physical violence, whenever they oppose the
Communist plotters in their midst.
The committee has found that one of the major battlegrounds in
the struggle against Communism will be in the trade-unions of the world.
This committee has no power or authority to investigate or report on
relations between management and labor except where the question of
Communist activity is raised.
The committee warns that free American trade-unions will not have
freedom from Communist disruption until Communism is completely
defeated. All workers everywhere are entitled to enjoy the freedoms and
opportunities that the American way of life provides more abundantly
than any other political system known to history.
The committee commends patriotic and alert American trade-union-
ists who oppose Communism despite personal abuse, slander, vituperation
and threats on their lives and persons. The committee urges all respon-
sible citizens to assist such patriotic trade-union leaders and members
in their determination to protect their organization from Communist
infiltration and destruction.
The committee has been impressed in its many investigations and
studies with the unvarying persistence of a distinct pattern of Com-
munist strategical and tactical attitudes toward trade-unions in the
United States, and particularly in California. This pattern is one that the
committee has noticed in many fields, but it is most pronounced with
regard to trade-unions. It is a simple and brutal policy. The Communist
Party regards all union organizations as falling into two simple classifica-
tions : Either an instrument to be controlled, dominated and used to serve
the interests of the foreign policy of Soviet Russia and the preparation for
violent revolution at home ; or an enemy, to be disrupted, attacked and
destroyed.
A substantial number of individuals in the trade-union movement
are known Communists, or fellow-travelers, who consistently follow the
pattern of Communist activity outlined in this report in their own trade-
unions and in numerous front groups.
Pursuing their stated purpose of infiltrating union organizations in
order to twist and pervert them to the interests of the Communist con-
spiracy, the Communists have infiltrated and now control and dominate
a number of important trade-unions in the United States, and particu-
larly in California.
The committee refers to its documented analysis of Communist
technique in penetrating and corrupting trade-unions in its 1943, 1945
and 1947 reports.
72 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
II. Fronts for Charity, Relief and Unemployed
Of great importance to the Communist program for confusion, dis-
cord, and disunity, are persons in need of charity and relief assistance.
In times of economic upset, a large mass of unemployed, aged, sick and
handicapped, are Counted by Communist conspirators as second in
importance only to Communized trade-unions. For strategical and tactical
demonstrations, strikes and protests designed for chaos and the break-
down of law and order, the Communists consider these groups as excellent
vehicles.
The committee calls attention to the analysis of this Communist pre-
occupation with the creation of front groups to appeal to the unemployed
and underprivileged and handicapped, in its 1943, 1945 and 1947 reports,
and, also, to the 1940 Report of the Yorty Special Committee of the Cali-
fornia Legislature, which investigated Communist activity among the
unemployed and in the California State Relief Administration.
One of the principle activities of the American Communist Party at
this time, although little publicized, is the infiltration of agencies, organi-
zations and community groups dealing with charity, relief and unem-
ployed problems. The Communists expect a depression and anticipate
economic collapse in the United States and in other capitalistic, parlia-
mentary governments, and are preparing for it.
Particular targets for Communist penetration are public or semi-
public agencies dealing with charity and relief problems. These include
public social work agencies and social workers ' organizations, community
chest, and welfare federations, and racial, religious, and neighborhood
welfare and relief agencies. Another major target for penetration is the
public and private agencies for relief; service to veterans and their
families, and committees or community groups who seek to solve housing
shortages, child care problems of working parents, and similar organi-
zations.
Two basic, and completely Communist controlled, fronts in this field
are the United Public Workers— C.I.O., and the United Office and Pro-
fessional Workers — C.I.O. These two Communist fronts in the trade-
union field work closely with the Communist agents in C.I.O. councils
and political organizations to penetrate and infiltrate into welfare organ-
izations and committees.
Communists carry on a scientifically planned and systematic pro-
gram of agitation to depict the Communist Party and its front groups as
the only friends of the underprivileged, and always claim credit for
advances and benefits obtained for underprivileged individuals. The
entire Communist propaganda machine is used to discredit capitalistic
institutions as "oppressors" and " persecutors " of the "toiling masses."
The fact is that America far surpasses every nation in the world in
the over-all qualitative and quantitative contributions by the community
to the aid and assistance of unemployed, handicapped and underprivi-
leged citizens. California has established a record as one of the most
progressive and liberal states in the Union, in its treatment of the needy.
Per capita expenditures by public agencies from the tax-dollar, and the
donations and distribution of aid through such semipublic cooperative
organizations as the Community Chest and the Red Cross, consistently
are supported beyond established quotas by all segments of the popu-
lation.
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 73
This public and private charity has been accomplished without any
help whatever from Communists and Communist front organizations.
The Communists, in fact, seek to obtain under false pretenses, huge sums
of money from charitable groups to be diverted to the Communist pro-
gram of revolutionary conspiracy.
The committee cautions all citizens of California to beware of Com-
munists and fellow-travelers in public or private charity and assistance
work; and to investigate thoroughly before making donations, lending
their names and prestige, or in otherwise contributing to Communist
front groups set up in the field of charity and assistance work.
Among the more conspicuous fronts for Communist activity in the
field of relief, assistance and welfare work, and dealing with problems
of the unemployed and underprivileged are Daughters of the American
Depression, International Workers Order, Interprofessional Association
for Social Insurance, Joint Committee of Trade Unions on Social Work,
Methodist Federation for Social Service, National Joint Action Commit-
tee for Genuine Social Insurance, National Congress for Unemployment
and Social Insurance, Southern Conference for Human Welfare, Workers
Alliance of America, United Public Workers (CIO), United Office and
Professional Workers (CIO) , United Aid for Peoples of African Descent,
etc., and innumerable organizations promoted by Communists to raise
funds for international Communism under the guise of helping victims
of war and economic confusion in foreign countries.
111. Fronts for Racial, Refugee and Alien Groups
Since the Communist Party is committed to serve the foreign policy
of Soviet Russia and to prepare the way for revolution by violence in
this country, it is natural that Communist teachings on tactics and
strategy should parallel closely the unholy doctrine of * ' divide and con-
quer" practiced by the Nazis, Bundists, and other enemies of mankind.
Nothing more plainly reveals the fraud and dishonesty of the Com-
munists than the sinister stirring of antagonisms of one racial group
against another in the same manner as they seek to play one economic
group against another.
Communists frequently will be found playing on 'the tensions and
conflicts on both sides of a national or racial issue. No more brazen
instance of Communist duplicity need be cited than the activity of the
Communist Party and the Communist International in the Palestine and
Jewish- Arab dispute. Communist Parties actually exist on both the Jew-
ish and Arab sides of the conflict; and their only contribution to the
situation has been the intensification of tensions for hate and dissension
on both sides. This technique, of course, serves the interests of Soviet
Russia and promotes eventual world revolution.
The American Communist Party has compiled a long record of the
creation and penetration of organizations, dealing with racial, refugee
and alien problems, to the detriment of racial, refugee and alien interests.
A consistent target for Communist intrigue has been the large Negro
population of the United States. The Communist promise to Negroes,
that under the dictatorship of the proletariat, American Negroes will be
given an autonomous Soviet Republic in the so-called " Black Belt" of
540 counties in the southern states, is designed to bait American Negroes
74 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
to join the Communist movement for the overthrow of the United States
Government.
The committee has in its possession many official Communist docu-
ments and publications devoted to this project. The plan to trick and
delude American Negroes into following the treacherous program of
Communism has been carefully worked out.
Another ethnic group whose problems have been capitalized on
cynically the world over by the Communist International is the Jewish
race. The committee has in its files voluminous evidence and testimony
that proves conclusively that American Jews are defrauded of hundreds
of thousands of dollars yearly by Communists who create and promote
front organizations allegedly for the purpose of combating anti-
semitism.
The record of strategic trickery engaged in by the Communists to
capitalize on the sorrows and oppressions of the Jews of this world is a
contemptible abandonment of all concepts of decency and humanity, and
brands world Communism before all honest men as vile and depraved.
The vicious tactics of the Communists toward Negroes and Jews
has a parallel for every other racial and minority group in America
today. It is a monotonous and tragic logbook of the promotion of discord,
strife, disunity and conflict, for the benefit of a foreign power, and for
the sole purpose of laying the groundwork for violence and chaos to
breed revolution at home.
This committee repeatedly has exposed and condemned the pro-
moters and inciters of racial, religious and class strife and intolerance.
The committee refers to its reports for 1943, 1945 and 1947 for the com-
mittee's denunciation of all un-American activity of this type.
The committee has reported that "the same psychological sense of
frustration and guilt found in every Communist, spurs the ignorant non-
Communist to seek a scapegoat * * * Character assassinations, in search
of evidence for vicious smear material, have little compunction in
resorting to inventions. Generations of character assassins have built
a vicious series of libels against the Jews ; sinister men in contemporary
life have not hesitated to supply libels allegedly from another age to
bolster vicious attacks upon the Jewish people."
In its 1947 Report, this committee said :
Gerald L. K. Smith and his type of rabble-inciting crusader do
more good for the Communist cause in one week than the Commu-
nists would be able to accomplish in a year * * * The average
patriotic American Jew is offended and insulted in the attack upon
the Jewish citizen, even though the attack may be generally directed
against Communism. It is the techniqup of a Hitler in mobilizing
uninformed masses to a Nazi standard. The social aspects of such
rabble-rousing are appalling.
This committee has repeatedly exposed and condemned Gerald L. K.
Smith, the Ku Klux Klan, the German-American Bund and other
vicious inciters of racial intolerance. The committee concluded an expose
of libelous smear attacks on the Jewish race by this statement in its
1947 report :
The committee has heretofore stated, and again reiterates, that
anti-Semitism is fully as un-American as any other subversive ISM
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 75
examined. The Ku Klux Klan and similar organizations, including
that of Gerald L. K. Smith, are unequivocally condemned in their
attacks upon the Jews, whether that attack be direct or by way of
innuendo. A Communist is an atheist, and therefore is neither Jew
nor Christian. Regardless of his ethnic category, he is an enemy
of the United States and of every citizen in it, Jew and Christian
alike * * *."
* * * The members of the committee are convinced, that in the
struggle against Communism, patriotic Americans, black and white,
Jew and Christian, will again fight successfully shoulder to shoulder
against the common enemy.
The committee again reminds leaders and members of racial,
minority, and ethnic groups, that the surest way to hamper, disrupt,
confuse and defeat the program and aspiration for which they have
created organizations, is to permit the infiltration of Communists, to
tolerate collaboration with Communists, or to lend themselves to coali-
tions and joint programs with Communist front groups.
Among the more conspicuous Communist front groups in the Racial,
Refugee and Alien subclassification are : All Harlem Youth Conference,
American Committee for Protection of the Foreign Born, American Com-
mittee to Save Refugees, American Croatian Congress, American Slav
Congress, International Committee on African Affairs, Civil Rights
Congress, Mobilization for Democracy, Jewish Peoples Committee, Joint
Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee, National Negro Congress,. National
Negro Women 's Council, Negro Cultural Committee, Negro Labor Vic-
tory Committee, Non-Sectarian Committee for Political Refugees, Slovene
National Congress, United Aid for Peoples of African Descent, United
Committee of South Slavic Americans, etc.
IV. Fronts for Veterans and Military
One of the consistent strategic and tactical theories of world Com-
munism, as taught by the Communist International in Marxism-Lenin-
ism-Stalinism, is, that three indispensable ingredients are necessary
before the Communist revolution.
These basic ingredients are: (1) A militant, class-conscious prole-
tariat of workers, unemployed and underprivileged; (2) an impov-
erished and militant peasantry (small farmers and farm workers), and;
(3) soldiers and sailors who hate and distrust their government, their
officers and their system, who will either join the revolt or refuse to fire
on Communist inspired revolutionary mobs.
It is obvious, therefore, that Communists have conducted front
activity to influence veterans, soldiers, sailors, police, and similar public
servants, whose work has any bearing on national security.
The Communist Party in the United States has devoted much
analysis, propaganda, agitational and educational work in attempting to
win over veterans and military men to their program. Much of this
activity, however, has been cloaked in greater secrecy and conspira-
torial mystery than other Communist front work. Most of this work is
"underground." They are busy, however, in veteran housing, veterans'
bonuses, and other political and economic issues.
76 UN-AMERigAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
V. Fronts for Farmers
The committee has pointed out in the preceding subclassification,
that agitation among the "peasantry" (small farmers and farm work-
ers) is taught as a basic tenet of Marxism-Leninism-Stalinism. The pur-
pose is to propagandize the small farmers and farm workers into a frame
of mind where they will support the industrial revolt as one of the indis-
pensable basic ingredients for the revolutionary mass movement.
The Communist Party of the United States follows the strategic and
tactical admonitions of the Kremlin teachers, and it has accumulated a
long history of agitation, disruption and propaganda work in American
agriculture.
The committee refers to its report on the Communist Party program
of agitating and propagandizing for "revolutionary industrial union-
ism ' ' as cited in a preceding section of this report.
The records of this committee and of congressional investigating
committees' are filled with voluminous files of documentary material and
detailed sworn testimony that pictures the factual record of Communist
activity in California agriculture.
One of the most completely Communist dominated trade-unions in
the Nation is the Food, Tobacco, and Agricultural Workers — C.I.O.,
successor to the United Cannery, Agricultural, Packing, and Allied
Workers of America — C.I.O. This Communist union has compiled one of
the most conspicuous records of Communist activity in America.
Another major reason for Communist Party interest in California
agriculture is its basic importance to national security. California is a
shipping and packing center for the world, as well as one of the most
productive agricultural political subdivisions in the world. Food is one
of the major weapons in ideological conflicts both in peace and war.
The Communist Party is dedicated to serving the interests of Soviet
Kussia, and to preparing the way for eventual violent revolution at home.
One of the fundamental principles of Communist strategy in serving
these objectives, is to create centers of agitation and disruption in indus-
try, production centers and communities where large groups of workers
are involved in transportation, communication, and processing of basic
commodities or raw materials, so that these projects can be readily dis-
located, isolated or paralyzed when Communist strategy or Soviet foreign
policy dictates.
The committee warns the people of California that the future of the
Nation and the national security demand the fullest and f reeest exposure
of this Communist program for sabotage of vital national security assets,
of which California has such an abundance.
VI. Fronts for Consumers
The Communist Party carries on continuous agitation against capi-
talism and parliamentary government. The preceding sections of this
report have presented the tactical and strategical methods taught by
Marxism-Leninism-Stalinism.
Communist philosophy directs that capitalism be discredited, and
that people be convinced that parliamentary governments are unable to
solve the problems that are alleged to arise from the so-called "contra-
dictions of capitalism. ' '
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 77
This means plainly and simply that Communists must agitate and
propagandize constantly to impress the masses that the problems aris-
ing in a free economy are due to "the inherent contradictions of capi-
talism" and that they can never be solved until capitalism and parlia-
mentary government are tossed out the window (together with our
freedoms and liberties), and the people surrender their judgments and
decisions in the economic sphere to the commissars of the proletarian
dictatorship.
All Communist fronts under the preceding subsection on youth and
education and in the preceding subsection on political and legislative
serve with the Communist fronts for Consumers.
The basic strategy of Communist agitation in this field is to con-
vince every American that capitalism has failed; that parliamentary
government is incapable of picking up the pieces; and that the only
recourse is the violent revolution to oust the ' ' oppressor ' ' class. This can
only be done by violence as the capitalists will never surrender to the
1 1 new democracy ' ' of Communism peacefully.
The Communist answer to high prices, low prices, unemployment,
manpower shortages, and other symptoms of a free economy is to propose
the total expropriation of all property and the establishment of a dicta-
torship by a minority of the population. They ask that those who, through
incompetence, neuroses, inability to adjust themselves to their environ-
ment; those who have been complete failures, be entrusted with the
problems of economy and government.
The committee warns that Communism feeds on dissension, discord
and disunity. Nowhere is patriotic tolerance and cooperation more impor-
tant than in the work of solving the manifold problems of a free economy
in an industrial civilization.
The world Communist conspiracy proposes to liquidate every free-
dom and liberty, for which mankind has struggled for several thousands
of years, and to replace them for the dubious promise of economic secur-
ity— a promise that no totalitarian state has been able to fulfill.
The committee calls upon the members of the Legislature and the
citizens of California to awaken to the insidious pattern of disruption,
confusion and discord that is the daily work of the Communist Party.
The committee urges that every citizen join in a crusade to inform, edu-
cate and propagandize for the benefits of the American system and to
prevent Communist conspirators from insinuating their unholy doctrine
of hate, class-struggle and statism into the natural free disagreements
and contentions that provide the checks and balances in the American
system.
The committee again warns the people of California that the safest
and surest way to prevent Communist disruption is to proceed with pro-
grams and policies through the bona fide, basic and permanent organiza-
tions to which they belong, of which there are many ; and to regard with
caution the promotion of fly-by-night ' l letterhead organizations ' ' staffed
with known Communists and fellow-travelers, created by the Com-
munists incessantly to serve their conspiratorial, criminal program for
revolution.
Among conspicuous fronts for Communist agitation to consumers
are : Consumers National Federation, League of Women Shoppers, Con-
gress of American Women, Progressive Citizens of America, etc.
78 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
WHAT IS A STALINIST?
If there is any question that perplexes the American people in
attempting to understand the variations and degrees of Communist
affiliation and activity, the most confusing is the simple question : * ' What
Is a Communist ? ' ' There are many similar confusing questions.
This problem of adequate terminology and nomenclature is one
that the Communists consistently play upon to confuse and confound
Americans. The Committee believes that it is a problem that can be solved
by common sense and by unified and widespread publicity as to who is
who and what is what in the murky depths of Communist revolutionary
intrigue.
The first thing that Americans must do is to abandon all dictionary
definitions and loose terminology, most of which is based on academic
and philological interpretations of words as they have developed
historically.
Communism, as it manifests itself in the world today, is far removed
from dictionary definition.
The committee recommends that all lexicographers, teachers, jour-
nalists and other molders of public opinion devote serious thought and
study to the correction of the totally inadequate concept of Communism
that now prevails in our textbooks, reference books and in much current
writing and reporting.
The correct technical, ideological name for those who follow the pro-
gram and policies of the Comintern is Stalinists. The programs and
policies of Stalin are consistently lumped together by Communist
thinkers and analysts as Marxism-Leninism-Stalinism.
The advocates of Marxism-Leninism-Stalinism are the largest and
most powerful of all the various socialist and revolutionary movements
now in existence ; and they far outnumber all others. These people, who
have launched a program of world conquest in the name of ' ' progress ' '
and under the banner of "the dictatorship of the proletariat," follow
a system of revolutionary plotting and of totalitarian government which
they describe in their writings and textbooks as Marxism-Leninism-
Stalinism. Sometimes it is called Marxism-Leninism. Other times it is
called Leninism-Stalinism. Sometimes it is called simply, Stalinism.
All Stalinists work, theorize and act in accordance with the ideologi-
cal concepts of Karl Marx, as developed in the Bolshevik revolution in
Russia by V. I. Lenin, and as interpreted and dictated to spread totali-
tarian terror today by Joseph Stalin.
Communists, like all totalitarians, make a fetish of the "leadership
principle ' ' in decking out their programs and policies with showmanship
and political appeal. It was so with Mussolini under Fascism. It was so
with Hitler under Nazism. It was so with Hirohito in Imperial Japan.
And it is so under Communism with Joseph Stalin.
Totalitarian ideologies emphasize the importance of the leader, the
fuehrer, the chief, the dictator. It is imperative that the program and
policies be carried out by a live leader ; hence, despite Marxist-Leninist
idolatry of the dead authorities of Communism — Marx and Lenin — when
nations are swept behind the Iron Curtain, it is the picture of Stalin that
is put up in all the classrooms.
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 79
Today, to most Communists in the world, their particular brand of
socialism and revolution is known generally as Stalinism. Stalinism is
the current practical application in world affairs of Marxism-Leninism.
The committee finds that Stalinism is the most apt and appropriate
descriptive label for the theories of violent revolution, and the concept
of totalitarian government.
The committee finds that American Communism, as practiced,
taught and advocated by the Communist Party of the U. S. A., and by
the Communist Party of California, is Stalinsim and that its twin pur-
poses and objectives are to serve the interests of Soviet Russia, and to
prepare the way for the violent revolutionary overthrow of the Govern-
ment of the United States.
Any person who supports the program of the Communist Party in
any nation as part of the program of world revolution laid down by the
Comintern in Moscow is a Stalinist. Any person who consistently works
to serve the interests of the foreign policy of Soviet Russia, and who pro-
motes discord, disunity, dissension and class strife, for the purpose of
preparing the way for revolution, is a Stalinist.
In spite of millions of words written about Communism, it is as
simple as that; and in its practical application today as formal world
Communism, it is Stalinism.
The committee has discovered, as have many other responsible gov-
ernmental and police agencies, that persons who advocate, support or
work for Stalinism have committed themselves to a course of conduct
that consistently comes in conflict with the aspirations, beliefs and ethical
concepts of normal human beings. Stalinism, like Fascism, Nazism and
other totalitarian concepts of human living and government, is unequiv-
ocally and irrevocably in complete and total conflict with the conceptions
of human living and government embodied in the American Constitution
and the way of life by the founding fathers of this Nation.
The conflict between Americanism and Stalinism is irreconcilable
and cannot be compromised. This conflict has been demonstrated by many
specific instances in the past and it will continue in the future. Consistent
subservience to the pattern of conduct laid down by world Communism,
stamps a person or organization indisputably as either a Stalinist or
non-Stalinist. It is a conflict so sharp and clean that there will never be a
middle ground.
It is impossible for an organization or an individual to exist, except
in a total vacuum, without coming in contact with the ideas, issues, poli-
cies and programs that test its or his attitude toward Stalinism. Further-
more, Stalinism is so foreign to the ideas and concepts of Americanism,
no matter how sharply Americans may differ on ideas, issues, policies
and programs, that only a devoted follower or a complete fool can pursue
a pattern of consistently supporting the Stalinist position on a wide
range of foreign policy and domestic issues, in view of the openly avowed
objectives of Stalinism.
There are two basic objections to the indiscriminate labeling of all
Marxists and leftists as Communists. One is that many Marxists and
leftists, including those who are Stalinists, actually, in a technical and
legal sense, may not be Communists. The other is that indiscriminate
application of the Communist label plays into the hands of Communist
propagandists for Stalinism.
80 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
It is an indisputable fact that the conflict on broad ideological issues
in American organizations and institutions is between two sharply
divided groups — those who believe in and support Americanism, against
those who believe in and support Stalinism. Some Stalinists are Com-
munists, but all Stalinists are un-American !
THE STIGMA OF STALINISM
Actual Communists frequently are not easily identified as such
because of the secret and conspiratorial nature of the Communist Party.
Identification of an individual as a Communist should not depend solely
upon legal proof of membership in the Communist Party. Identification
of an individual or an organization as Stalinist can be made on the basis
of his or its public activities. It is impossible to be a Stalinist without
stamping oneself as a Stalinist.
The one thing that marks off a Stalinist and sets him aside from his
fellowmen is consistent, undeviating devotion to the so-called " party
line ' ' of the Communist Party, and adherence to the self -prof essed ideas
and objectives of Marxism-Leninism-Stalinism.
The current report of this committee establishes clearly and factually
that U. S. Communists, as part of the program of world Communism,
continuously and consistently operate behind the facade of front organ-
izations, and that these front organizations espouse causes and programs
and policies that are part and parcel of the Marxist-Leninist-Stalinist
"party line."
A Stalinist stamps himself as such by his own acts in lending his
name as a speaker, sponsor, donor, chairman, executive board member,
fund-raiser, writer, and official of organizations that follow the Stalinist
pattern.
Stalinists will be found in the membership of defense committees,
victory committees, celebration committees, and other committees, for the
honoring and support of known Communists and the Soviet Union and
its Communist satellites.
Stalinists also will be found signing their names to resolutions, pro-
tests, denunciations, publicity releases and quotations to the Communist
press, general press statements, meeting calls and manifestoes, all in
defense and support of known Communists, and for the honoring or sup-
port of the Soviet Union.
When Stalinists set up an organization, union, committee, rally or
other Communist activity, they invariably welcome Communists into
membership ; and the individual who proposes in any such movement to
ban Communists, immediately is denounced by Stalinists as a "red-
baiter ' ' and a promoter of ' ' splitting tactics ' ' and ' ' disunity. ' '
Stalinists always attack critics of Soviet Russia, or of world Com-
munism as "imperialist war-mongers, who want to separate the American
people from friendship with their great wartime ally." Stalinists never
criticize Soviet Russia, but they find everything wrong in the United
States.
Communists will be found at the center of every organization of a
Stalinist character, and usually in the key positions, controlling access
to membership lists, calling of meetings, issuing of statements and han-
dling of funds.
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 81
THE FOUR TYPES OF STALINISTS
There are four principal types of Stalinists in the United States and
they are typical of the divisions of Stalinists everywhere. All four of
these types are sharply distinguished from ordinary citizens in their
conduct. No matter how clever they may be, when forced to ultimate deci-
sions they invariably stamp themselves for what they are.
These are the four basic types of Stalinists :
(1) Communists
Communists are members of the Communist Party, whether open
or hidden. Customary Communist strategy in a nation not yet taken over
by the totalitarian system, is to have "above-ground," only approxi-
mately 10 percent of the Communist Party.
Such Communists openly avow their party membership. The bal-
ance of the party membership keeps its party membership secret, but in
most cases makes no bones about its Stalinist beliefs and sympathies.
Some important Communists in key positions are allowed to have
special secret memberships. In many instances, these secret Communists
meet together in what are known as "closed cells," small groupings of
top secret Communist Party members. Most top secret Communists avoid
flaunting their Stalinism.
Many important Communists in public life are permitted to func-
tion without formal party membership of any kind for their own pro-
tection from investigations by police and other governmental agencies.
(2) Fellow-Travelers
Fellow-travelers fall into two main groupings : First, those, such as
in the instance described above, who actually are Communists, but never
are registered in any part of the party machinery; and, Second, those
who never join the party at all, because Communists welcome them as
allies, although, for various reasons they do not risk incriminating
documentary evidence.
The latter type of fellow-traveler is a full-fledged Stalinist, but for
reasons of his own, or for party reasons, either is unwilling to become a
member formally, or is not accepted into the executive-administrative
centers of the party. Many of this latter type of fellow-traveler will be
found in positions of prominence, political, church and business affairs.
So-called "intellectual Communists" generally are in this latter
type of fellow-traveler classification. Frequently, when they are of higher
calibre in ability and prestige, they are not welcome as party members
because of their unwillingness or inability to accept Communist Party
discipline.
Americans must understand that the conspiratorial Communist
Party, which openly teaches treachery, fraud, misrepresentation,
duplicity and sedition as things to be proud of and indispensable to
practical revolutionary organization, does not welcome men and women
of deep integrity, character and ability.
Communists, who are committed to an inflexible and single-minded
devotion to the one subject of the world proletarian revolution, do not
welcome strong individualists into their leadership ; although they are
perfectly willing to use or to treat with compelling personalities if they
think it serves the interests of the long range Comintern program.
7— L-7088-D
82 UN-AMEEICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
(3) Opportunists
A third and very important type of Stalinist, even though transient
in the Stalinist orbit, is the Opportunist Stalinist. Many trade union
leaders and political figures will be found in this category.
Most of these individuals do not believe in Marxism-Leninism-
Stalinism. They join with Communists, work with and for Communists,
and fit their conduct into the pattern of Stalinist activity as laid down
by the Communist Party, solely for real or fancied reasons of personal
gain and temporary advantage.
Among this class of Stalinist will be found the nonCommunist
so-called "pie-cards" in Communist controlled or dominated unions.
These "pie-cards" are paid officials, who serve the interests of the Com-
munist Party for a well-paying easy job. Another familiar type is the
politician who accepts the intellectual valet service that Communists
so well provide for prominent persons who come under their influence.
Skillful and expert professional Communist writers, publicists and
journalists give such political figures full treatment.
Opportunists of this type generally start out by believing that they
can "play with the Communists and use them." They usually discover
that a tired Communist can match the most lively dishonest politician any
day, in trickery, fraud and sharp practices of all kinds.
During the period of collaboration with Communists, Stalinist
Opportunists of this type, wittingly or unwittingly, follow the pattern
of Stalinist activity.
(4) Dupes
The Communist program of operation behind false fronts, and
through synthetic coalitions of various Communist-inspired front
groups, results in the creation of a large number of the fourth type of
Stalinist — the dupes.
Stalinist dupes are individuals who follow all or part of the Com-
munist Party line in the hope of accomplishing some particular aspira-
tion. They are too blind or thoughtless to perceive the Communist
trickery in front groups behind the mask of humanitarianism.
Stalinist dupes follow the twists and turns of the party line, often
through stupidity and lack of the mental capacity necessary to analyze
and evaluate the devices and tricks employed by Communists. They are
very properly comparable to the victims of confidence men. Too fre-
quently they have the same ideological, economic or political "get-rich-
quick" instinct that make the "sucker" or "chump" an "easy mark"
for the confidence swindler.
Many Stalinist dupes are sincere and well-meaning, but are con-
fused and thoughtless. Typical are those who will permit openly avowed
Communists to lead a fake humanitarian program for the benefit of some
victim of injustice or racial prejudice in America, and at the same time
will dismiss as "capitalist propaganda" the horrible truth of Soviet
Russia's slave labor camps in which millions die every year.
Stalinist dupes accept many of the claims and pretension of the
Communists ; that they represent" Twentieth Century Democracy. ' ' Such
Stalinist dupes must be regarded as entirely separate from those honest,
sincere Americans, who in sympathetic interest in some^ particular prob-
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 83
lem, may join a Communist sponsored front group, but who soon recog-
nizes the Communist character of the movement ; and who either get out
promptly or else run the Communists out.
In contrast to the reaction of ordinary Americans, when they
encounter Communists in an organization, Stalinist dupes will involve
themselves in complicated logic to justify representation and participa-
tion for Communists. They will continue, in the face of the facts, to lend
their names, funds and support to organizations sponsored by Com-
munists. They apparently are incapable of understanding the basic truth
that no Communist ever joins a reform movement of any kind except to
twist it to the Stalinist line, or to wreck it.
Honest reform and improvement of unsatisfactory conditions is the
one thing Communists fear and despise. Peace, progress and prosperity
do not provide fertile fields for planting the Communist poison of revo-
lutionary intrigue.
Stalinist dupes will be found frequently in trade unions, political
movements, racial, religious and minority groups; and among faddists
in the field of economics and political theory.
INTERCHANGEABILITY OF STALINIST TYPES
Americans must be alert to the fact that Stalinists frequently pass
through various stages of Stalinist activity ; and many Stalinists in one
category, may try to pose in another category for strategic reasons.
Thus, actual Communists will pose as fellow-travelers until exposed,
or until Communist Party policy decides that they must become pub-
licly avowed Communists. The committee's records disclose many such
instances.
Stalinist opportunists and Stalinist dupes may pass from one stage
to another. Frequently a dupe will become an opportunist when jobs and
publicity are dangled before his eyes, and, eventually, if he proves
tractable enough, may be accepted in the Communist Party as a member.
The committee finds that the four general types of Stalinists herein
described; (1) Communists; (2) Fellow-travelers; (3) Opportunists;
and (4) Dupes, may be described properly as Stalinists. The committee
finds that Stalinists are individuals who pursue the Marxist-Leninist-
Stalinist brand of revolutionary theorizing and planning, and who advo-
cate totalitarian government, under a ' ' dictatorship of the proletariat, ' '
as propagated and disseminated from Russia by the Comintern and the
Third International.
THE TELL-TALE MARKS OF STALINISM
The committee presents in its current report a comprehensive and
definitive analysis of the various types and classifications of Communist
front groups.
This compilation describes and interprets Communist front groups
in two major divisions :
(1) Organizations classified according to the proportion of Com-
munist influence ; and
(2) Organizations classified according to the purpose or objective
for which they are organized or infiltrated by Communists.
The average American will find that if he or she studies this orderly
presentation of the degrees of Communist influences, and the purposes
84 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
for which Communists seek to influence any organization, it will bring
order out of chaos and will enable him or her to evaluate and judge the
nature and character of any organization from its methods, procedures,
policies and public conduct.
The same criteria that may be used to evaluate and judge the
Stalinist character of an organization, also may be used successfully to
evaluate and determine the Stalinist character of an individual.
STALINISM IS A DISEASE
Many responsible agencies, legislative committees, police authorities,
and expert students of Marxism-Leninism-Stalinism have compiled lists
of activities and policies that stamp individuals and organizations as
Stalinist.
The symptoms of Stalinist activity are such that it is possible to
interpret the Communist fever chart of an individual or organization,
just as a physician, who has studied the stigma and symptoms of disease,
can chart the condition of a patient. Communism is a disease of the
individual and the political organism. The first step a doctor takes to plan
a cure for a disease is to study the patient 's symptoms. The same sensible
practice should be followed in dealing with an individual or organization
suspected of Stalinist troubles.
The committee has compiled, after extensive research, a complete
listing of the outstanding symptoms and indications of Communism and
Stalinism in an organization.
The points of identification have been assembled into a series of
questions. The factual answer to these questions will provide a report on
the Stalinist character of an organization. With slight modification they
also can be used to check the Stalinist character of an individual.
Basic Tests of a Communist-Stalinist Organization
There are nine basic tests that can be applied to any organization to
determine its Communist or Stalinist character.
These nine points may be determined by the answers to the following
questions :
(1) Who are the organization's sponsors ?
(2) Who are the individuals and organizations who call for the
group 's formation ?
(3) Who does the printing and who directs and writes the organ-
ization 's publicity ?
(4) What are the organization's policies?
( 5 ) What are the organization 's tactics ?
(6) What is the organization's attitude on foreign affairs?
(7) What is its attitude on domestic affairs ?
(8) What is its attitude on national security?
(9 ) What is its attitude on Marxism-Leninism-Stalinism ?
(1) Sponsorship
(a) Are the sponsors or signers of meetings, calls, conferences,
conventions, etc., individuals who have records of public sponsorship,
membership, public statements, donations, etc., in a series of Stalinist
organizations and causes ?
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 85
(b) Was the organization first announced and consistently publi-
cized in the Communist and left-wing press ?
(c) Do known Communist organizations and Communists have a
prominent hand in promoting or initiating the organization ?
(d) Is the organization endorsed by Communist dominated unions?
(e) Does the organization attract well-known patriotic anti-Com-
munist liberals, or does it denounce and reject them ?
(2) Organization
(a) Are key positions in the control of Communists ? (Key positions
include the chairman, secretary, secretary-treasurer, editor, publicist,
attorney, and other paid or honorary staff positions, providing access to
membership lists, financial records, emergency authority, and control of
publications and public statements in the name of the organization.)
(b) Are the constitution and by-laws and rules of procedure so
drawn as to permit a trained minority to control or disrupt the organiza-
tion against the wishes of the majority if Communist tactics so decide?
(c) Does the organization's constitution or by-laws contain provi-
sions for excluding from membership and participation, known Com-
munists, Fascists, and other subversive individuals; or does it welcome
Communists into membership and denounce any attempt to ban Com-
munists as "red -baiting" and "splitting tactics "?
(d) Did the organization spring into existence overnight for some
allegedly worthy purpose and immediately launch a fund-raising cam-
paign, using the names of well-known Stalinists on its letterhead? (Does
it make an accounting of its disposition of funds?)
(e) Does the organization represent itself to be nonpartisan, but
actually engage in political activities, which follow the Communist Party
line?
(f) Is the organization committed solely to its announced purpose,
or is it set up so that it can join in Communist-inspired "coalitions" with
other organizations ?
(g) Can a few officials commit the organization to basic policies
radically different from its announced purposes without securing the
formal approval of the entire membership ?
(h) Does a minority object to substantial wages and expenses for
executive and staff work, and do * ' enthusiastic ' ' Stalinists then volunteer
to carry out the key duties of the organization without wages or for a
small pittance ?
(i) Are meetings arranged so that the agenda is elastic with no
specific hour set for adjournment ; and does a small minority consistently
"talk the meeting to death. " (After many members have left the meeting
at a late hour, do certain individuals then introduce and adopt a series of
Stalinist resolutions ? )
(3) Printing and Publicity
(a) Does the organization have most of its printing (letterheads,
announcements, publications and informational material) printed at
plants that specialize in Stalinist literature, are owned or influenced by
the Communist Party ? (The union label of every print shop with a union
contract is numbered. A checkup on ownership and policy will reveal that
certain print shops in each city receive most of the Stalinist business.)
86 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
(b) Is the organization's literature, tickets, publications and pro-
motional material consistently sold and displayed prominently in Com-
munist bookstores and in Communist dominated union and organization
offices and meeting places?
(c) Are Communist literature, pamphlets, newspapers and publica-
tions consistently displayed, promoted, sold and recommended in the
organization 's offices and meeting places ?
(d) Are the organization's activities, public statements and policies
consistently publicized in news columns and favorably commended edi-
torially by The Daily Worker, The People's Daily World, Political
Affairs, In Fact, and other Communist newspapers, magazines and proga-
ganda media ?
(e) Do the organization's paid advertisement and meeting notices
appear consistently in Communist publications described in (d), above?
(f) Does the organization issue frequent public statements and
adopt resolutions that defend, honor and support known Communists
and Communist organizations ?
(g) Are the printing, editing and public relations activities of the
organization in the control of individuals with Communist records and
leanings? (Is the organization represented by public relations and adver-
tising firms that specialize in handling Communist organizations and
individuals?)
(4) Policies
(a) Does the organization consistently feature speakers and guests
who are known Communists, fellow-travelers and sympathizers ?
(b) Does the organization completely change its policies, even to the
extent of virtually dissolving and emerging with a new name and pro-
gram, if the Communist Party line makes a "sharp turn" or major
reversal of policy ?
(c) Does the organization collaborate with and support the policies
of conspicuous Communist organizations?
(d) Does the organization collaborate with, endorse and support
Communist schools, cultural groups and educational activities?
(e) Does the organization consistently muster its leaders and mem-
bers to seek to control the policies of other organizations ?
(f) Does the organization welcome and seek affiliation with inter-
national organizations, movements and causes sponsored by the Soviet
Union and by the Third International?
(5) Tactics
(a) Does the organization or its leadership advocate study of Marx-
ism and Leninism?
(b) Does the organization advise its members to read, endorse, sup-
port and contribute to the Daily Worker, The People's Daily World,
Political Affairs, In Fact, and other Communist publications ?
(c) Does the organization consistently support, endorse and pub-
licize prominent Communists, Stalinists and pro-Russian trade union
leaders, and at the same time consistently denounce and condemn promi-
nent anti-Russian and anti-Communist liberals and trade union leaders ?
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 87
(d) Does the organization consistently denounce members who dis-
agree with Stalinist programs, policies and resolutions as "labor spies,"
* ' professional disrupters ' ' and promoters of ' * splitting tactics ' ' ?
(e) Does the organization consistently proclaim that Communists
must be tolerated ' ' because they are the only people working 100 percent
for the interests of labor and minority groups"?
(f ) Does the organization consistently insinuate public affairs as a
"class struggle" between "capitalist oppressors" and downtrodden
' ' toiling masses ' ' ?
(g) Does the organization and its leadership seek to identify every
problem, complaint, dispute, disagreement and conflict with the need
for making a change in the American system by abolishing capitalism and
parliamentary government, while at the same time paying lip-service to
* * Democracy ' ' and ' * Constitutional rights ' ' ?
(6) Attitude on Foreign Affairs
(a) Does the organization support the cause of Americanism or the
cause of Soviet Russia and Communism ?
(b) Does the organization denounce American and British foreign
policy ; but always praise and support Soviet Russian foreign policy ?
(c) Does the organization follow the Communist policy of describ-
ing Soviet-dominated countries as "new democracies"?
(d) Does the organization consistently denounce the United States
and its foreign policy as imperialistic and dominated by monopoly capital
and militarists ?
(e) Does the organization denounce the United States as leading
the World into World War III, while praising Soviet Russia as a " peace-
loving nation ' ' ?
(f) Does the organization oppose the Truman Doctrine and the
Marshall Plan?
(g) Does the organization attack anyone who criticizes Soviet
Russia, as a " warmonger, ' ' and as a " betrayer of the Roosevelt policies" ?
(h) Does the organization advocate appeasement of Soviet Russia
and recognition and support of Communist regimes and revolutionary
movements in other nations ?
(i) Does the organization consistently denounce anti-Communist
governments ?
(7) Attitude on Domestic Affairs
(a) Does the organization condemn capitalism and a free economy
as outmoded and doomed to early extinction ?
(b) Does the organization advocate revolutionary, industrial union-
ism and the use of the general strike ?
(c) Did the organization follow this pattern in connection with
World War II :
I. Before Germany attacked Russia did it denounce preparedness ;
support defense plant strikes ; and denounce President Roose-
velt as an "imperialist warmonger"?
II. After Germany attacked Russia did it change radically to all-
out support of the war effort, and condemn all labor disputes,
even in nonwar industries ?
00 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
III. After the U. S. Communist Party in 1945 formally resumed the
* ' class war ' ' did it make an abrupt change and oppose military
preparedness and advocate all-out strikes and denounce United
States policies?
(d) Does the organization oppose and condemn labor-management
cooperation; and denounce labor union leaders who favor cooperation
and understanding between employers and workers as " tools of the
bosses ' ' and * * sellout artists ' ' ?
(f) Does the organization enter into labor disputes, minority and
racial problems and other conflicts to advocate confusion, hatred and
disunity ?
(g) Does the organization support, endorse and advocate basic
policies of the Communist Party? (Does it criticize or condemn Com-
munism or policies of the Communist Party?)
(h) Does the organization denounce investigation and exposure of
Communist activity? Does the organization denounce the prosecution,
indictment and arrest of Communists as ''invasion of civil rights" and
as an attempt to ' ' impose thought control in America ' ' ?
(i) Does the organization exploit and magnify any incident in which
Negroes and Jewish people are involved to the detriment of the United
States and the Constitution ?
(j) Does the organization support legislative measures intended to
regiment the people ?
(k) Does the organization support all measures intended to weaken
and destroy business and capitalist institutions?
(1) Does the organization attack and condemn an ti- Communist
unions and leaders in the A.F. of L. and the C.I.O. ; and support and
praise Communist dominated unions and Communist labor leaders?
(m) Does the organization particularly attack and villify all anti-
Communist progressive, liberal, trade-union, minority and even ultra-
radical organizations because they oppose the Moscow brand of Com-
munism-Stalinism ?
(n) Does the organization advocate and support a Communist
dominated third party political movement ?
(8) Attitude on National Security
(a) Does the organization oppose a sound preparedness program
and universal military training ?
(b) Does the organization urge giving the atom bomb secret to
Soviet Russia and oppose the official proposals of the United States in
the United Nations for atomic controls ?
(c) Does the organization oppose an Inter- American defense pro-
gram and seek to smear supporters of such a program as attempting to
push United States imperialism on South American nations?
(d) Does the organization support the policies and programs of
the Communist Party in the United States toward military preparedness
and assistance to peace-loving nations that are threatened by Russian
aggression ?
(e) Does the organization support and advocate ""Win the Peace "
movements and similar programs to weaken the military power of the
United States?
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 89
(f) Does the organization support the United Nations in vague
generalities but oppose United Nations action to investigate, condemn or
stop Russian aggression ?
(9) Attitude on Marxism-Leninism-Stalinism
(a) Does the organization or a substantial proportion of its leader-
ship advocate and promote study of Marxism-Leninism-Stalinism as a
system of government to supplant that of the United States ?
(b) Does the organization advocate or pursue any of the Marxists-
Leninist-Stalinist theories, ideas, strategy and tactics outlined in detail
in the ensuing section of this report ?
The percentage of "yes" answers to the above questions will give
the proportion of Communist domination, control or influence in any
organization.
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 91
Part II
COMMUNIST FRONT ORGANIZATIONS
This section of the committee's partial report deals with organiza-
tions found to be controlled, to a lesser or greater degree, by the Com-
munist Party of the United States.
In each specific case the reader is referred to the exhaustive analysis
(Part I of this report) for classification and degree of Communist
control.
With the exception of such out-and-out Communist organizations
as the Communist Party itself, and the Young Communist League, the
reader is cautioned to hold in mind that a Communist front organization
is characterized by the fact that the majority of its members are non-
Communists. If this were not true, it should be quite obvious that the
organization would be actually a Communist organization, and not a
front in any sense.
The committee has, so far as is possible, deleted the names of officers
and sponsors of Communist front organizations, who were, in fact, merely
dupes and innocents of Communist manipulation.
The mere fact that a person appears as a sponsor or endorser of a
number of Communist front groups does not, by any means, indicate
that he or she is actually a member of the Communist Party. While it
certainly indicates a sort of unusual stupidity, it may, as a matter of fact,
only mean that the individual is a good intentioned "sucker" for Commu-
nist deceit and deception.
On the other hand, the fact that a name may appear but once, or
comparatively few times, is no indication that the person is not a member
of the Communist Party. It may be indicative that he or she is a most
important member of the secret, conspirative, illegal section of the party.
The final test must, necessarily, confine itself to certain obvious
factors. First, the education, background, experience, and character of
the individual concerned must be carefully ascertained. Certain indi-
viduals who might rate a hundred percent in each of these categories
might easily be attracted to a Communist front that purported to stand
for certain high ideals and purposes, and yet be horrified and indignant
if anyone should so much as suggest that the organization worked for
sinister and concealed objectives. On the other hand a real American
patriot who rated zero in each of the suggested categories might reason-
ably be expected to root for Browder's right to destroy the country so
long as he made no overt act for its accomplishment.
The psychological factors are not to be overlooked. The single-track
mind, suffering from frustration and a sense of guilt, but nevertheless
the mind of a loyal citizen unaware of the true purposes of the Com-
munist Party, might well be ensnared into supporting Communist causes
unwittingly in the unconscious desire to right some wrong, fancied or
real. Reasonable allowances must be made in either of these two cases.
There are many individuals in the United States who would probably
call themselves socialists. While they believe in many of the ultimate
Utopian ideals of Marxism they also are firm believers in freedom and
the right of others to disagree with them and to work for their particular
ideals. While the American Socialist may be said to be the most informed
concerning the Stalinites, it is nevertheless true that many uneducated,
92 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
but nonetheless sincere, socialists are ''suckers" for Communist " win-
dow-dressing ' ' and purported causes.
We are concerned in this analysis with the bona fide, iron disciplined
Communist revolutionary. Outstanding examples will be found in the
Lawsons, the Maltzes, the Sorrells, the Kennys, the Sidney Rogers, and
similar individuals. They cannot plead ignorance, either of philosophy,
economics, or government, because they all demand recognition in these
fields. The professors listed throughout this report can hardly fall back
on the excuse that they are uninformed as to the true program of the
Communist Party or its organizations, because they are supposed to be
skilled in these matters.
The reader will find certain front organizations listed throughout
this report that clearly indicate the Communist character of the group.
Roughly, these organizations are created for publicly announced Com-
munist causes — such as committees for the defense of avowed Commu-
nists— or brazenly advertised groups for the protection of Soviet interest
against the interest of the United States. Only a moron might success-
fully contend that he truthfully didn't know what the organization really
was and that he was, after all was said and done, an American patriot in
going along with the Communist group.
Thus it may be that a person listed as supporting but one or two
organizations may be more definitely in the Communist conspiracy than
an individual who is listed in many. It depends on the organization.
The final test, therefore, is to be based on many factors, not the least
of which, is the time of the organization and the particular party line
existing when the organization was created and functioned.
As a general rule the individual who permitted his name to be used
for a Communist front or cause after August, 1939, knew full well what
he was doing, unless he was an ignorant recluse who never had access
to the newspapers. There is also an allowance for participation in a few
Communist fronts during the war, when the United States necessarily
was aligned with the Soviet dictatorship in the war against Nazi Ger-
many, but the type of fronts in this field are extremely limited.
The interested reader will carefully check the index of this report
and the index of previous reports, and, by following the classifications
listed herein and evaluating the degree of control and disguise of the
front, easily arrive at indisputable conclusions susceptible to the most
thorough documentation and proof.
The Communist fronts are arranged in this part of the report in
alphabetical order. The committee has selected the most important fronts
for this listing. But the arrangement here does not purport to be inclu-
sive, either as to this report, or as to the headings. The 'committee has
included those Communist organizations that are important to Califor-
nia, or as filling in the general pattern of Communist intrigue. Any par-
ticular Communist front listed alphabetically hereafter may include a
dozen or more subsidiary fronts, found to be Communist instruments by
this committee. The entire list will be found in the index.
It is suggested that the index be used if the organization being
researched does not appear in the alphabetical arrangement.
The committee believes that this partial report on Communist front
organizations will be of great assistance to the Members of the Senate
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 93
and the people of California, and that it will serve materially to illus-
trate and reveal the extent of the criminal conspiracy that menaces our
State and our Nation.
ABOLISH PEONAGE COMMITTEE
This Communist front came into being in the latter part of 1939.
It was organized by the Midwest Division of International Labor Defense,
* ' the legal arm of the Communist Party. ' ' This front functioned through
1940 and 1941, during the period of the Stalin-Hitler Pact when the
Communist Party and its fronts were agitating against the United States '
entry into the * ' Imperialist war, ' ' as well as against all national defense
preparations. The Communist purpose behind the Abolish Peonage Com-
mittee was (1) To provoke national disunity and social friction against
the national defense program; (2) to smear the Federal Bureau of
Investigation and the Department of Justice as an "American Gestapo"
in line with Vito Marcantonio 's radio speech of August 13, 1940, and
(3) to recruit Negroes for the Communist Party.
William L. Patterson was Executive Secretary and Bob Wirtz was
Corresponding Secretary of the Abolish Peonage Committee. Among
others connected with this organization are John P. Davis, Executive
Secretary of the National Negro Congress; Louis Colman, Washington
representative of the International Labor Defense; Ishmael P. Flory,
member of the Communist Party, Chicago, and a member of the National
Negro Congress; Mrs. Eva T. Wells, member of the Illinois State
Advisory Board of the International Labor Defense; Mrs. Mary A.
Sweres, member of the National Committee of the International Labor
Defense ; Theresa Ehrlich, member of the legal staff of the International
Labor Defense ; Harold Preeze, author of Peonage — 1940 Style Slavery;
Pearl M. Hart and Sema B. Belgrade.
Harold Preeze is a former organizer for the Communist Party in the
southern states and a frequent contributor to such Communist publica-
tions as the New Masses, the Daily Worker, the International Lai} or
Defense News, the American Peace Mobilization Newscaster, the Protes-
tant (originally known as the Protest Digest), and the Midwest Daily
Record. Preeze has also been known as Richard Randall.
Theresa Ehrlich, Pearl M. Hart, and William L. Patterson have been
associated with the Communist Party Abraham Lincoln School, Chicago.
ABRAHAM LINCOLN BRIGADE
The Abraham Lincoln Brigade was the fifteenth of the so-called
International Brigade established by the Spanish Loyalist government
in its decree of September 23, 1937. This brigade was composed of Ameri-
cans, Canadians, and British volunteers. The Lincoln and George Wash-
ington Battalions formed a part of this unit. They were combined to form
the Lincoln- Washington Battalion after the heavy casualties which
resulted from the Brunete offensive of July, 1937.
Edwin Rolfe, official historian of the Lincoln Battalion, has esti-
mated that 2,800 Americans went to Spain, of whom at least 1,800
returned to the United States to form the Veterans of the Abraham Lin-
coln Brigade. The supporters of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade became
the Friends of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade in the spring of 1937, some
months after the departure of the first American volunteer.
94 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
The Abraham Lincoln Brigade, the Veterans of the Abraham Lincoln
Brigade, and the Friends of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade are all Com-
munist-dominated organizations serving the objectives of the Communist
Parties in the United States and Spain. Earl Browder boasted that "over
60 percent of the Lincoln Battalion members were members of the Com-
munist Party. "
Among the known Communists, connected with the Abraham Lincoln
Brigade, are Robert Minor, acting General Secretary of the Communist
Party of the United States; John Gates, former Secretary of the New
York State Young Communist League; William Lawrence, formerly
organizational Secretary of the Communist Party of the State of New
York ; Joe Dallet, one time Communist candidate for Mayor of Youngs-
town, Ohio ; T. H. Wintringham, formerly connected with the Communist
east coast newspaper, the Daily Worker; Saul Wellman, former member
of the New York State Committee of the Young Communist League ; and
Steve Nelson, a former member of the National Committee of the Commu-
nist Party of the United States, and presently chairman of the Communist
Party National Groups Commission.
The command of the International Brigade was entirely in the hands
of emigres from Russia.
John G. Honeycombe (see committee's 1943 report) estimated that
1,350 men were either lost or killed out of approximately 3,000 Americans
in the Abraham Lincoln Brigade.
The following is a list of California Communists and sympathizers
who were members of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade : Ray Anderson,
Doc Bissell, Joseph Bianco, Archie Brown, William Bailey, Joseph
Barran, E. W. Bridges, William Baker, Max Bowers, Arthur Brown,
Benjamin Brown, Hy Brown, Morris Conway, Leon Cohen, Maurice
Conway, Gordon Chilton, Durward Clark, John C. Coon, William
Carroll, Jimmie Crooks, Frank J. Civiern, Dr. Thomas Dunn, Matthew
Dykstra, Norman E. Dorland, Walter Dicks, Cleo Duncan, Russell Dell,
Lowell Duncan, John Devine, Dr. Leo Eloesser, Leif Erickson, Howard
Earl, Jack Egan, Francis Feingersh, Wallace Fishman, John Flanner,
Robert Ford, Edward Fliegel, Jerome Ferrogiarco, Marshall Garcia,
Howard Goddard, Samuel A. Grant, Jack Goldstein, Almon Gregarie,
Antonie Gomez, Preston Hill, John G. Honeycombe, Harold Hoff, Fran-
cis Herman, Jackson Haynes, Aaron Johnson, Erie Jackson, Ivan Katnic,
Luke Kirman, John H. Kleinow, George Kaye, Arthur Laudis, Ben
Levine, Thomas Limau, Elliett Loomis, Alfred Lallemant, Charles Mayer,
Luchell McDaniels, Donald McLeod, H. B. Megguler, Felix Montana-
rella, Paul Merkel, Lewis Masterson, Julius Molnar, Robert Nelson,
Frank J. Owiere, Earl Ozias, Leonard Olson, Henry Olsen, Kenneth
Parmelee, James Pierce, John Peterson, Henry Rubin, William Reed,
Nicholas Ramiriz, Hyman Rossman, Boroslaw Sliven, Herbert H. Searl,
Chester Stimson, Albert Stanford, William Slavin, Albert B. Stanford,
Theodore Schneider, Michael Shanzky, Robert Schweinsent, Donald
Simpson, Samuel W. Stone, Fredrick Thompson, James N. Thornton, Don
Werglen, Alice Wagner, George Walters, Henry Wentworth, Frank E.
Wilson, Louis Widder, Wilbur Wellman, John Williams, and Harry
Yanowsky.
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 95
ABRAHAM LINCOLN SCHOOL
This Communist institution was established in the early part of 1943
at 30 Washington Street, Chicago, as a streamlined version of the
Workers' School which was openly run by the Communist Party. This
Communist school follows the general pattern of the People's Educa-
tional Center, in Los Angeles, and the California Labor School, in San
Francisco. (See Committee's 1947 Report.)
Among those with Communist or Communist fellow-traveling
records connected with the Abraham Lincoln School are the following :
Alban D. Winspear, William L. Patterson, who received three years
training in the Soviet Union ; Hart Baker, International Labor Defense ;
John T. Bernard, William Blake, Anna Mae Brady, Milt Burns, Chicago
Communist Party member ; Jack Conroy, writer for the Communist press ;
Ernest De Maio, Theresa Ehrlich, International Labor Defense ; Court-
land Ever, Gerald Fielde, James W. Gilman, Albert E. Glenn, Pearl M.
Hart, Josephine Herbst, Conrad Komorowski, Ludwig Kruhe, Julian
Lewis, Metz T. P. Lochard, Herbert March, organizer for the Young
Communist League ; Stanley J. Marks, C. J. McClanahan, Vera Mirova,
Karl H. Niebyl, Grant W. Oakes, Harvey O'Connor, Jessie Lloyd
O'Connor, Paul Romaine, Charles S. Seely, Frank G. Spencer, Morris
Topchevsky, Robert Travis and Ronald Thompson.
William L. Patterson was graduated from the Hastings College of
Law, University of California. He was the Executive Secretary of the
Abolish Peonage Committee and the former Executive Secretary of the
International Labor Defense. He was a member of the National Commit-
tee of the Communist Party, and the party's candidate for Congress in
Chicago and New York. He spent several years in the Soviet Union and
in the Far Eastern Republics. He has been a director of the National
Negro Congress.
ACTORS' LABORATORY THEATRE
This red front is also referred to as the Hollywood Actors' Labora-
tory School. John Howard Lawson has been prominently connected with
the school's activities. A pamphlet entitled "A Word About the Lab"
reads, in part, as follows :
"On the day after Pearl Harbor the Actors' Laboratory went
to war. An emergency meeting of the executive board was called,
and a policy was adopted which has been the basis of lab. work dur-
ing the past two and a half yeurs.
"The war job that the lab. has undertaken for itself has been
to organize entertainment for servicemen, utilizing the talents of
the legitimate actor who is neither a vaudevillian nor a star. To date
the lab. has produced seven full length plays which have played and
replayed most of the military camps and installations in California,
using the volunteer talents of close to two hundred actors. This work
has been done in close cooperation with the Hollywood Victory Com-
mittee and IT. S. 0. Camp Shows, Inc. In line with its experimental
approach to craft problems, the lab. has developed a technique of
presenting plays at camps under the crudest of conditions. ' '
96 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
A program of the Actors' Laboratory Theatre in the files of the
Senate Committee presents one act plays by Irwin Shaw, Anton Chekov
and Sean 0 'Casey. "The Shy and Lonely" is by Irwin Shaw; "The
Bear" and "The Evils of Tobacco" are by Anton Chekov; Morris Car-
no vsky doing * 'a free adaptation" of Chekov 's "The Bear" and "Pound
on Demand" by Sean 0 'Casey.
An article in the Communist Daily Worker for April 23, 1936, indi-
cates the Communism of Irwin Shaw. The article is entitled "Left
Theatre Takes Stock" and is accredited to Ben Irwin. Referring to one
of the many red conferences of the New Theatre League the writer of
the article calls attention to "the movement that has introduced such
figures as Clifford Odets and more lately Irwin Shaw, young author of
the new antiwar play Bury the Dead to the American theatre scene, along
with a host of other contributions including Private Hicks and News-
boy."
Irwin Shaw is listed among the committee members and sponsors
of the Communist Harry Bridges Defense Committee. The Daily Worker
for April 6, 1937, lists Irwin Shaw as a member of the Advisory Board of
Frontier Films, together with such noted Communist Party liners as
Bruce Bliven, Malcolm Cowley, Waldo Frank, Lillian Hellman, Max
Lerner, Archibald MacLeish, Lewis Milestone, Clifford Odets, George
Seldes, George Soule, and Arthur Zugsmith. Shaw appears as one of the
signers of the Communist inspired document on the Moscow Trials,
defending Stalin 's purge of the old Bolsheviks. During the Stalin-Hitler
pact Shaw joined with notorious Communists and fellow travelers in
signing a letter addressed to President Roosevelt protesting attacks upon
the Veterans of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade and condemning the "war
hysteria ' ' being ' * whipped up by the Roosevelt administration. ' '
Morris Carnovsky was a member of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade.
He was affiliated with the Communist front Allied Voters Against Cou-
dert, together with Stephen S. Wise, Johannes Steel, A. Clayton Powell,
Max Lerner, Dashieil Hammett, and Arthur Garfield Hays. Senator
Frederick R. Coudert, Jr., was the cochairman of a committee of the
New York Legislature and made an investigation into subversive activ-
ities in the public schools of New York State. The Allied Voters Against
Coudert is an example of the Communist apparatus for character assas-
sination in operation against one who opposes the efforts of the Com-
munist Party to undermine and destroy the American Government. Inci-
dentally, Senator Coudert was reelected to office by a substantial
majority. Morris Carnovsky was among the signatories to the petition
sponsored by the American Committee for Democracy and Intellectual
Freedom to discontinue the Dies Committee. He was one of the sponsors
of a dinner given by Communist Donald Ogden Stewart in tribute to the
contributions of the foreign born, held in New York. (Under the general
auspices of the Communist front, American Committee for Protection of
Foreign Born.) The Daily Worker for January 11, 1938, lists Morris
Carnovsky, together with Dennis King, Jules Garfield, Luther Adler,
Tookie Hunter, Harold Johnsrud and Margaret Waller as supporting
the "Boycott Japanese Goods Conference-" of the Communist front,
American League for Peace and Democracy. He was one of the sponsors
of the most brazen of all Communist fronts, the American Peace Mobili-
zation. Together with Canada Lee, Howard Bay, and Paul Robeson,
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 97
Carnovsky switched over after the invasion of Russia and became a mem-
ber of the Communist front, Artists' Front to Win the War. He was a
member of the Citizens Committee for Harry Bridges, Celebration of 15
Years of Biro Bidjan, Jewish Peoples Committee, Abolish the Dies Com-
mittee, National Wartime Conference of the Professions, The Sciences,
The Arts, The White-Collar Fields, and Negro Playwrights Co., Inc. He
served on the Advisory Council of the Theatre Arts Committee together
with Francis E. Faragoh, John Howard Lawson, Dudley Nichols, George
Sklar, Donald Ogden Stewart, Frank Tuttle, and Orson Welles. He was
signatory to the statement on the Moscow Trials together with such
notorious Communists and Communist fellow travelers as Haakon M.
Chevalier, Jack Conroy, Malcolm Cowley, Kyle Crichton, Lester Cole,
Jerome Davis, Muriel Draper, Guy Endore, Elizabeth Gurley Flynn,
Jules Garfield, Robert Gessner, Michael Gold, William Gropper, Har-
rison George, Dashiell Hammett, Clarence Hathaway, Lillian Hellman,
Langston Hughes, V. J. Jerome, H. S. Kraft, John Howard Lawson, Cor-
liss Lamont, Melvin Levy, Albert Maltz, A. B. Magil, Bruce Minton,
Moissaye J. Olgin, Samuel Ornitz, Dorothy Parker, Paul Peters, Holland
D. Roberts, Paul Romaine, Morris U. Schappes, Edwin Seaver, George
Seldes, George Sklar, Lionel Stander, Maxwell S. Stewart, Paul Strand,
Anna Louise Strong, John Stuart, Genevieve Taggard, Max Weber, and
Marguerite Young.
The Executive Board of the Actors' Laboratory is composed of
Roman Bohnen, Chairman ; Sam Levene, Vice Chairman ; Larry Parks,
Treasurer; Helen Slote, Executive Secretary; and John Berry, Lloyd
Bridges, Phoebe Brand, Phil Brown, Morris Carnovsky, Hume Cronyn,
Jules Dassin, Ed Dmytryk, Jody Gilbert, Ruth Nelson, S. Sylvan Simon,
Art Smith, Gloria Stuart, Mary Tarcai, and Irene Tedrow, board
members.
Among the audience sponsors we find the following : Alvah Bessie,
Mrs. M. Blankfort, Sidney Buchman, Vera Caspary, Dorothy Comin-
gore, Marc Connelly, Richard Conte, George Coulouris, Katherine
De Mille, Julius Epstein, Howard Estabrook, William Fadiman, Francis
Edwards Faragoh, Mrs. Ira Gershwin, Jay Gorney, Michael Kanin,
Charles Katz, Gene Kelly, Alexander Knox, Harry Kurnitz, Ring Lard-
ner, Jr., Melvin Levy, Mrs. Peter Lorre, Kenneth MacGowan, Aline
MacMahon, Albert Maltz, Mary McCall, Jr., Ruth McKenny, Lewis
Milestone, Mr. and Mrs. Dudley Nichols, Bette Odets, Clifford Odets,
Mr. and Mrs. Samuel Ornitz, Gregory Peck, Mita Reis, Mrs. E. Riskin,
Allen Rivkin, Earl Robinson, Gale Sondergaard, Donald Ogden Stewart,
Gloria Stuart, Barry Trivers, and Dalton Trumbo.
Louis J. Russell, former Federal Bureau of Investigation agent
testified before the Committee on Un-American Activities of the House
of Representatives October 28, 1947 (page 388 of the committee's report)
that Alvah Bessie held Communist Party card 47279 in 1944. Bessie's
address was given on the card as "4653 Coldwater Canyon, Hollywood."
Russell testified that the card contained the notation ' ' New card issued
on December 10, 1944."
Alvah Bessie's Communist record is set forth at page 388 to page
393 of the above mentioned congressional report and is reproduced here
8— L-7088-D
98 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
as corroborating the findings of the California Legislative Committee
investigating subversive activities.
"According to the records of the Committee on Un-American
Activities, Alvah Bessie is one of the leading contributors to the
Communist publications in the United States.
"He has been connected with New Masses, a weekly publica-
tion of the Communist Party, as contributing editor, since 1937.
During this period he has contributed over 85 articles. As a stand-
ard Communist rule, such officials of the Communist Press are
required to be members of the party.
"The People's World of October 11, 1939, which is the official
Communist organ of the west coast of the United States, devotes an
article in praise of the writings of Alvah Bessie. The People's World
of August 26, 1943, lists Alvah Bessie as a speaker at a benefit given
under the auspices of the People's World,
"In the September 22, 1942, issue of the Weekly Review, a
publication of the Young Communist League, Alvah Bessie is listed
as an instructor at the Workers School in New York City. The
Workers School was established by the Communist Party of the
United States. Alvah Bessie has also been an instructor at the Peo-
ple's Educational Center (People's World, January 11, 1944, p. 5).
"Alvah Bessie, according to the November 16, 1943, issue of the
People's World, was a speaker at a West Side Los Angeles rally
sponsored by the International Workers Order. The International
Workers Order, a Communist-front organization, has been cited as
such by the Special Committee on Un-American Activities on
January 3, 1940, June 25, 1943, and May 29, 1946.
"In addition to this citation, it was cited by the House Com-
mittee on Appropriations, in a report dated April 21, 1943, and by
special legislative committees of the states of Pennsylvania, Massa-
chusetts, and California.
"Former Attorney General Francis Biddle, in his listing of
Communist-front organizations, which appeared in the Congres-
sional Record of September 24, 1943, characterized the International
Workers Order as ' one of the strongest Communist organizations. '
The People's World of November 10, 1942, lists Alvah Bessie as the
coauthor of a pamphlet issued by the International Workers Order
in connection with its front-line fighter's campaign.
"Alvah Bessie was a contributor to the July and September
1937 and January 1938 issues of the magazine Fight, which maga-
zine was the official publication of the American League Against
War and Fascism. The American League Against War and
Fascism was active in the period 1932 to 1937 in behalf of the Soviet
foreign policy. It proclaimed an openly treasonable program.
"It was cited as subversive by the Special Committee on
Un-American Activities on January 3, 1940, March 29, 1944, and
May 29, 1946. Former Attorney General Francis Biddle cited this
organization as established in the United States in an effort to create
public sentiment on behalf of a foreign policy adapted to the inter-
ests of the Soviet Union.
"Alvah Bessie was also the sponsor of the organization known
as the Artists' Front to Win the War (the official program, Octo-
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 99
ber 16, 1942). While in 1942 all Americans were interested in win-
ning the war, the Artists ' Front to Win the War echoed the demand
of the Communist Party of the United States for the express purpose
of placing pressure upon the military leaders in this country by a
demand for an immediate opening of a second front in Europe at a
time when Russia was suffering military reversals. The Artists'
Front to Win the WTar was sponsored by the same persons who, dur-
ing the Stalin-Hitler pact, were referring to the United States as a
war-mongering nation and demanding the discontinuance of Amer-
ica's lease-lend program, which was designed to aid Great Britain
in its struggle against Nazi Germany.
"Alvah Bessie was a sponsor and consistent supporter of the
League of American Writers (New Masses, April 22, 1941, and
June 17, 1941; Daily Worker, September 14, 1942; and People's
World, September 23, 1942). The League of American Writers,
which was an affiliate of the International Union of Revolutionary
Writers, with headquarters in Moscow, was pledged to the defense
of the Soviet Union and "use of art as an instrument of the class
struggle." The Special Committee on Un-American Activities has
cited this organization as a Communist front in reports of January
3, 1940, June 25, 1942, and March 29, 1944. Former Attorney Gen-
eral Francis Biddle in his characterization of this organization
stated ' ' the overt activities of the League of American Writers in the
last two years leave little doubt of its Communist control" (Con-
gressional Record, September 24, 1942, p. 7686).
"Alvah Bessie has openly avowed himself in support of the
Soviet Union. He has also contributed articles to the magazine Soviet
Russia Today, which magazine is devoted to the interests of the
Soviet Union (September, 1937, p. 6 ; October, 1941, p. 30 ; January,
1942, p. 29 ; and February, 1942, p. 29).
"Earl Browder, former head of the Communist Party of the
United States, in testifying before the Special Committee on
Un-American Activities, stated that the Communist Party formed
certain of its members into a fighting force known as the Abraham
Lincoln Brigade for participation in the Spanish Civil War. This
effort was initiated at the Seventh Congress of the Communist Inter-
national in the summer of 1935. Alvah Bessie was a staff officer of
the Abraham Lincoln Brigade and fought in Spain as an ally of
other Communist units which were supporting the Loyalist cause
(People's World of December 30, 1942; files of the Committee on
Un-American Activities).
* ' Alvah Bessie was a member of the advisory board of the peri-
odical New Currents (March, 1947) and a member of the editorial
staff of the publication Mainstream (winter, 1947). Both these pub-
lications were organized by leading Communists and supported by
the Communist press.
"The Daily Worker for December 12, 1938, carries an article
concerning the returning veterans of the Lincoln Brigade entitled
'Huge Parade Will Greet Boys at Ship.' Returning veterans are
listed according to state, and the name Alvah Bessie is listed under
the State of New York.
100 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
"The Daily Worker for December 12, 1938, carries an article
entitled 'Unions Will Form Guard of Honor' concerning the arrival
of 150 veterans of the Lincoln Brigade. Alvah Bessie was listed as
a commissar in the returning group.
"The Daily Worker for January 11, 1941, carries an article on
page 7 entitled 'Bells Toll for Hemingway at Vet's Symposium/
This article stated that a number of the veterans of the Spanish
Civil War, being angered at the picture of the Spanish Civil War
presented by Ernest Hemingway in his latest book, For Whom the
Bell Tolls, had announced their intention of speaking from the floor
at a symposium of the book which was to be held at 50 East Thir-
teenth Street (the headquarters of the Communist Party U. S. A.)
under the auspices of the Workers School. Alvah Bessie, sergeant
adjutant of the Lincoln Battalion and well-known short-story writer
and novelist was listed as one of the speakers.
"A leaflet which was distributed in the Los Angeles area dis-
closed that a meeting sponsored by the American Committee for
Spanish Freedom and by the Veterans of the Abraham Lincoln
Brigade was to be held at the Embassy Auditorium, 843 South
Grand Avenue, Los Angeles, California. On June 10, 1946, Alvah
Bessie undertook to act as chairman of this meeting, introducing
first Russell Nixon, described as a former professor of Harvard Uni-
versity and an economist of the United Electrical, Radio, and
Machine Workers of America, C.I.O., a Communist-controlled union.
1 ' The Daily Worker for September 29, 1946, on page 3 carries
a photograph of Gen. Karol Swierczewski, of Soviet controlled
Poland, pictured with Americans whom he decorated with the Dom-
browski Medal at the national convention of the Veterans of the
Abraham Lincoln Brigade. Bart van der Schelling accepted the
award for Alvah Bessie.
"The publication Volunteer for Liberty for November, 1946, in
reporting the election of officers of the Veterans of the Abraham
Lincoln Brigade listed Alvah Bessie as a member of the national
executive board.
"Alvah Bessie was listed as a sponsor for a theatrical program
to be held January 19, 1947, at the Valeska Theatre, New York,
entitled ' Stars Entertain for Republican Spain. ' The program was
arranged for the benefit of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade.
"On April 12, 1944, a mass meeting was held at the Philhar-
monic Auditorium at Los Angeles for the benefit of the Joint Anti-
Fascist Refugee Committee. This committee (Joint Anti-Fascist
Refugee Committee) has furnished transportation and support for
international Communist agents like Gerhardt Eisler.
' ' It has been cited for contempt of Congress.
"Alvah Bessie took part in this meeting and made an eloquent
plea for money, stating that $560,000 was needed to carry out the
program of relief undertaken by the committee. He stated that a
$60,000 hospital was to be built in Mexico and that the money was
to be used to take care of Loyalists wherever they might be. During
the taking of the collection, Bessie took off his necktie and said he
would auction it off to the highest bidder. He stated that the tie
had a history, that when he was in Spain in 1937 and 1938 with the
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 101
Abraham Lincoln Brigade, he had purchased the tie at Barcelona,
Spain.
"The Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee, together with
the Council on African Affairs, held a dinner at the Ambassador
Hotel, Los Angeles, California, February 4, 1945. Alvah Bessie
attended this meeting and introduced the featured speaker of the
evening, Paul Robeson, who is a devout Soviet apologist.
' l Virginia Wright in her column in the Los Angeles Daily News,
June 11, 1945, stated that Alvah Bessie, Warner Bros, screen writer,
would be the principal speaker Saturday night in the garden cabaret
to be held for the benefit of the Spanish maquis at 636 Reese Place,
Burbank. This article stated that: 'Some 50,000 Spanish maquis,
remnants of the men who fought for the Spanish Republic and then
joined with the United Nations in liberating France, are now desti-
tute in Europe.7
" ' It is of these Alvah Bessie speaks with knowledge. He was
one of the group of Americans who fought in Spain as part of the
famous Lincoln Brigade. '
"It was further indicated that the program was planned by
the Burbank chapter of the Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee.
"The Daily Worker for September 27, 1942, published a class
schedule for the Workers School, 35 East Twelfth Street, New York
City. This was at the time the official school of the Communist Party
was conducted at party headquarters. Alvah Bessie is listed as teach-
ing a course ' Literature and the World We Live in. '
"On page 17 of a booklet entitled 'Workers School' announcing
courses for the winter term, 1943, Alvah Cecil Bessie was listed as
lecturing on literature and the world we live in, which is stated to
be a course of 12 lectures (and discussions) that will attempt to
relate the world in which we live to some outstanding achievements
of literary art of our time. The announcement states that leading
dramatic writers (Steinbeck, Smolokov, Richard Wright, Lillian
Hellman, Clifford Odets, and others) will be used as a point of
departure for discussions of the history of social institutions as they
have been reflected by the writers of all times.
"The School for Writers, 1717 North Vine Street, Hollywood,
California, which was sponsored by the League of American Writers,
in a prospectus for the summer term of 1943 shows Alvah Bessie as
teaching a course in short stories. * * *
"A letterhead on recent literature put out by the American-
Russian Institute of Southern California lists Alvah Bessie as being
on the board of directors. This organization has conducted active
pro-Soviet propaganda.
"In a pamphlet entitled 'Informed Speakers Offer You Facts
on the U. S. S. R.' there appeared the following information :
" 'The American Council on Soviet Relations has a speakers*
bureau to supply just such information. We can provide your organi-
zation with speakers who by study or by personal experience know
the Soviet Union. '
' ' Alvah Bessie was listed as an available speaker.
"A 10-cent pamphlet by Alvah Bessie, The Soviet People at
War, was published by the American Council on Soviet Relations,
102 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
112 East 19th Street, New York. This organization has been cited
as a Communist Party instrument by the Special Committee on
Un-American Activities on March 29, 1944, and by the Committee
for Cultural Freedom, headed by John Dewey in April, 1940.
"A pamphlet entitled 'Hear About the U. S. 8. R.' was pub-
lished by the National Council of American-Soviet Friendship. This
pamphlet explains the speakers' bureau of the organization and is
addressed particularly to organizations who might be interested in
securing a speaker on various Kussian topics. Alvah Bessie, author of
Men in Battle, was listed as an available speaker.
"The Daily Worker for December 29, 1942, carries an article
captioned 'Allied notables hail IWO booklet on war.' The article
states that numerous acknowledgments from prominent leaders in
all walks of life were pouring into the International Workers Order
offices in New York City on receipt of a fraternal de luxe limited
edition of This Is Tour Enemy, written by Alvah Bessie, American
novelist.
' * The International Workers Order arranged a symposium for
November 22, 1943, to be held at the Studio Carpenters Hall, 5164
Santa Monica Boulevard, Los Angeles, California. Approximately
530 people attended this meeting. Alvah Bessie spoke.
"The People's World newspaper for March 17, 1945, reports
that Alvah Bessie would speak on the last link in the Axis chain on
Monday, March 19, 1945, at the Screen Cartoonist Guild, 6272 Yucca,
Hollywood. According to the announcement, admission would be
free and refreshments would be served under the auspices of Lodge
469 of the International Workers Order.
"The People's Daily World for November 13, 1945, in a
write-up on a meeting sponsored by the American Committee for
Spanish Freedom, relative to a "Break relations with Spain rally"
to be held at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles, November 16,
1945, stated that a number of Hollywood personages would partici-
pate in the evening event with the script for the skit being provided
by Alvah Bessie. Alvah Bessie's name appears on the letterhead of
the American Committee for Spanish Freedom as a sponsor. This
organization was part of the Communist campaign in behalf of
Soviet policy in the Spanish Civil War.
' l On December 16, 1945, a ' welcome home, Joe ' dinner was given
as a 'tribute to America's young fighting men and women on the
occasion of the second anniversary of American Youth for Democ-
racy. ' This organization was formerly known as the Young Commu-
nist League. Alvah Bessie's name appeared on a program along with
the names of John Howard Lawson and Paul Robeson.
"The Chicago Herald-Tribune for June 9, 1941, reports that
Alvah Bessie was elected a member of the national executive board
of the Fourth American Writers Congress.
"Sender Garlin, in the Daily Worker for June 11, 1941, in com-
menting on the Fourth American Writers Congress stated that:
1 Alvah Bessie, veteran of the Spanish War, spoke on the writers and
the struggle of fascism in Spain. He told not only of the men who
fought for Spain but of those literary mercenaries who betrayed
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 103
Spain 's cause and the cause of mankind when Spain was temporarily
defeated. * * *'
4 * On November 12, 1943, the forum of the League of American
Writers presented the subject 'This is Treason,' a forum on Hitler's
secret weapon. The proceeds of this forum were to go to an organiza-
tion known as Sleepy Lagoon Defense Committee, an affiliate of the
International Labor Defense cited by Attorney General Biddle as
the 'legal arm of the Communist Party.'
"At this forum Alvah Bessie read a paper by Dr. Harry Hoijer,
reviewing Allen Chase's book Falange. Prior to the reading of the
paper Bessie stated that the Fascists of Germany and Italy really
instigated the so-called Spanish Civil War and were aided by the
United States through its neutrality laws as well as the appeasement
policy of Great Britain and France. He said the appeasement policy
gave the Japs time to prepare and also permitted them to buy more
scrap to wage war ultimately against the Allies.
' ' In 1944 Alvah Bessie was listed as being on the national board
of the League of American Writers.
' ' The magazine New Currents in its December, 1944, and Janu-
ary, 1945, issues lists Alvah Bessie as a member of its advisory
board. This magazine is a publication of the American Committee
of Jewish Writers, Artists, and Scientists, Inc. The writers for this
magazine have included those who have contributed to the Commu-
nist and Soviet press.
"The Independent Citizens Commission of the Arts, Sciences,
and Professions publishes a monthly journal of opinion, the Inde-
pendent, which is sent to all members and to more than 100 daily and
weekly newspapers throughout the country. Alvah Bessie is listed
as one of the contributing editors to this publication. This organiza-
tion has been repudiated by Harold L. Ickes and other liberals as
Communist-dominated.
"The Daily Worker for September 22, 1946, published photo-
graphs of Alvah Bessie and others who were to be connected with a
new magazine, Mainstream. Bessie was indicated to be on the edi-
torial board. Mainstream was described as a Marxist literary maga-
zine, aiming to advance a people's working-class literature in
America. It was stated that the magazine would strive 'to stimulate
and guide Marxist thinking in literature. '
' ' A brochure advertising this magazine states ' the fundamental
character of this magazine is determined by its allegiance to the
Marxist science of history, culture, and human progress * * *.' The
brochure states: 'We call upon writers to fight anti-Communist
influences in writing today, we fight the literary anti-Sovieteers who
constitute an auxiliary legion of the war makers. '
"The Daily Worker for April 13, 1940, carried an article cap-
tioned 'Philadelphia anti-Dies rally to hear noted authors.' The
article states that noted authors would speak at a big mass meeting
in Town Hall, 150 Broad Street, on the following night, in a protest
against the Dies Committee unconstitutional raids on the seizure of
material from Communist Party and IWO offices there. The speakers
included Ruth McKenney, William Blake, Alvah Bessie, Mark
Blitzstein, Bruce Minton, and others. The meeting was to be under
104 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
the auspices of the People's Forum, with the New Masses par-
ticipating.
"Alvah Bessie, writer, New York, N. Y., appeared on a list
captioned 1 1 hereby join in signing the January, 1943, * ' Message to
the House of Eepresentatives ' ' opposing renewal of the Dies Com-
mittee. Copies of this list were transmitted to Members of Congress
by the National Federation of Constitutional Liberties, 1123 Broad-
way, Eoom 907, New York, N. Y. '
"The Daily Worker for February 18, 1942, carried an article
concerning the individual's interest in the immediate release of Earl
Browder. Alvah Bessie is listed with many others by the Citizens
Committee as having communicated with the Chief Executive of
the Nation on the Browder case, calling upon him 'to correct his
injustice by an act of executive clemency. '
"Page 3 of the Daily People's World for April 19, 1946, carries
an article entitled ' Forum Tonight to Hear Report on Peace Meet. '
It was stated that a report on the Win-the-Peace Conference, by
William Pomerance, executive secretary, Screen Writers Guild,
would highlight the Hollywood Forum on the following night at the
Allan Rudack Studio, 7312 Beverly Boulevard. Waldo Salt was to
be moderator of the forum, and Alvah Bessie was included among
the speakers. The Win-the-Peace Conference is the most recent
version of the American Peace Mobilization, which picketed the
White House during the Stalin-Hitler pact."
Letters recently received by agents of this committee indicate that
the Actors' Laboratory Theater has access to the mailing lists of the
Communist Party. (See the Committee's 1947 Report.)
A letterhead of the Actors' Laboratory Theater for February, 1948,
gives the headquarters of the organization as 1455 North Laurel Avenue,
in Hollywood. The telephone number is HOllywood 6391. The letterhead
carries the caption: "The Actors' Laboratory Inc. is a Non-Profit Cor-
poration composed of a Theater Wing and a Workshop Training Pro-
gram— Founded 1941."
The executive board is listed on the letterhead and it is as follows :
Roman Bohnen, J. George Bragin, Phoebe Brand, Lloyd Bridges, J.
Edward Bromberg, Phil Brown, Morris Carnovsky, Howland Chamber-
lin, Hume Cronyn, Michael Gordon, Rose Hobart, H. S. Kraft, Will Lee,
Daniel Mann, Joseph Papirofsky, Larry Parks, Abraham L. Polonsky,
Anthony Quinn, Waldo Salt, Art Smith, Mary Tarcai, George Tyne,
John Vernon, John Wexley, and Mervin Williams.
Oliver Carlson, who testified before the House Committee on Un-
American Activities in Washington as an expert witness on Communism,
wrote in the American Mercury in the February 19, 1948, issue, as
follows :
"Actors' Laboratory, Inc., located at 1455 North Laurel Ave-
nue, in Hollywood, is something else again.
"Its primary function apparently is to draw ambitious young
actors and actresses into the orbit of Communist front organiza-
tions. Ostensibly the Actors' Laboratory is a combination training
school and experimental theatre, but in fact it has-always been more
political than artistic.
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 105
1 i Communist Party literature is always available at the Actors '
Lab, and the organization has frequently donated funds and talent
to help put across pro-Communist demonstrations. Its activities are
well publicized in the People 's World.
"The list of sponsors and directors of the Actors Laboratory
comprises a representative cross section of Hollywood Stalinism. The
1 audience sponsors' include Alvah Bessie, King Lardner, Jr., Albert
Maltz, Dalton Trumbo, Donald Ogden Stewart, Mr. and Mrs.
Sam Ornitz, Gale Sondergaard and Sidney Buchman.
' ' The members of the Actors ' Lab 's executive board and faculty
include: J. Edward Bromberg, who came to Hollywood from the
Group Theatre in New York, where, according to testimony received
by the house committee, he was a member of the local party faction ;
actor Morris Carnovsky, who has been active in the Hollywood
Writers Mobilization, the PCA and other fronts ; Larry Parks, the
actor who has become notorious for his ardent defense of Soviet
and Communist policies in the past two years, and who has also
been active in the Hollywood Independent Citizens Committee ; Hy
Kraft, who was a sponsor of the Hollywood Anti-Nazi League, who
signed a petition in 1938 justifying Stalin's purges in Russia, and
who has been a frequent speaker at front meetings; Abraham L.
Polonsky, a screen and radio writer who was (according to the
People's World of September 24, 1946) Secretary of the Hollywood
Writers Mobilization, and who was also active in the Hollywood
Community Radio Group, another Communist front; Anthony
Quinn, a popular Mexican-born screen star who is a favorite of the
People's World; and Jacobina Caro, whose husband is Sidney
Davison of the PEC, and who was registered as a Communist in
Los Angeles in 1940, under the name of Mrs. Jacobina Davison."
Rose Hobart was subpenaed and testfied before the committee at
its Los Angeles hearing on February 19, 1948. She stated that she was
an actress, presently employed in a play titled ' ' Deep Are the Roots. ' '
Miss Hobart refused to say whether or not she was a member, or
had been a member, of the Communist Party, thus following the current
Communist Party line to avoid exposure. Her testimony followed the
usual, evasive and argumentative pattern set by Communists who have
been brought before the committee.
After having conferred innumerable times with William B. Ester-
man, her attorney, Miss Hobart admitted that she was associated with
the Actors Laboratory Theatre, and, because it was a matter of record,
stated that she was a member of the board of directors. She said that
the group meets in a building located at 1455 Laurel Avenue, in Holly-
wood.
The committee found that there is no doubt concerning Rose
Hobart 's Communist connections.
Roman Bohnen, also of the Actors Laboratory Theatre, was sub-
penaed and testified before the committee February 19, 1948. He fol-
lowed the same pattern set by Rose Hobart and evaded or refused to
answer most questions. He was willing to admit that he was an actor,
"between engagements." He finally stated that he was the chairman
of the board of directors of the Actors Laboratory Theatre. He testi-
106 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
fied that the school had been certified by the State Department of Educa-
tion for federal funds. He reluctantly admitted that Jacobina Caro
(admitted Communist) was a member of the faculty of the Actors Lab-
oratory Theatre. Pie refused to state when he had joined the Communist
Party, or whether he had been or was presently, a member of the Com-
munist Party.
J. Edward Bromberg was also subpenaed and testified on February
19, 1948. He also was willing to admit that he was an actor and unem-
ployed at the time of testifying. He admitted that his name was on the
letterhead of most of the " Actors' Lab stationery," as a member of
the board of directors. He was willing to say that he was connected
with such organizations as published his name on their letterheads.
Bromberg stated that he was born in Hungary and that he was a
naturalized citizen. He refused to answer whether or not he had ever
been, or was at the time of testifying, a member of the Communist Party.
Will Lee appeared and testified February 18, 1948. He stated that
he was an actor, employed as a teacher at the Actors Laboratory Theatre.
He also said that he was a member of the executive board. Like all of
the other Communists who had appeared before the committee in this
phase of its investigation, Will Lee refused to answer whether or not he
had been, or was, a member of the Communist Party.
AGE OF TREASON
Official publication of the American Peace Crusade with which
Herbert Biberman, Carey Me Williams, Mrs. Mary Aidlin, Maynard
Hamilton, Dr. Morris Feder, Rev. Carl Allen, Herb Sorrell, Philip M.
Connelly, Mrs. Lee Bachelis, Rev. Hamilton Boswell, Don Healey and
Earnest Dawson were associated.
ALL-AMERICA ANTI-IMPERIALIST LEAGUE
Attorney General Francis Biddle found the Ail-America Anti-
Imperialist League a Communist front. The Fourth National Conven-
tion of the Communist Party (then known as the Workers' Party) in
August, 1925, reported that "our party was largely instrumental in the
establishment of the All- America Anti-Imperialist League * * *."
The statement of the convention was modest as there is no doubt
whatsoever that the Communist Party was solely responsible for the
organization.
The All-America Anti-Imperialist League functioned from 1925
until 1933, when it was supplanted by the American League Against War
and Fascism.
Manuel Gomez was the league 's secretary during its early years. He
was replaced by William Simons. Both Gomez and Simons were pub-
licly avowed members and leaders of the Communist Party. The Labor
Defender of November, 1928, carried a picture of a group of delegates to
the Second World Congress of the Communist International in which
Manuel Gomez appeared together with Lenin and other high func-
tionaries of the world Communist movement. William Simons was Com-
munist Party organizer in Omaha, Nebraska, in 1936.
Paul Crouch was acting secretary of the All- America Anti-
Imperialist League for a brief period in 1928. Crouch had been court-
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 107
martialed and convicted of disseminating Communist propaganda within
the United States Army while he was stationed in Hawaii. Together with
Walter M. Trumbull, who was convicted on the same charge, he served a
term of imprisonment at Alcatraz. Crouch later became a Communist
Party organizer in Alabama.
Scott Nearing, William Z. Foster, Albert Weisbord, Ben Gold, Max
Schachtman, Harry Gannes, William F. Dunne, and Harriet Silverman
are among the publicly avowed Communist Party members who served
on the national committee of the All-America Anti-Imperialist League.
In its later years, the organization was known by the shorter name,
Anti-Imperialist League. Throughout its existence, it was affiliated with
the League Against Imperialism which, in turn was the world-wide
organization directly under the control of the Communist International.
Langston Hughes was affiliated with the organization.
Among the members of the National Committee in 1928 were the
following: Roger Baldwin, Charlotte Anita Whitney, Scott Nearing,
John Brophy, William Z. Foster, Paxton Hibben, W. E. B. Du Bois,
William Pickens, Robert W. Dunn, Robert Morss Lovett, Arthur Gar-
field Hays, Ben Gold, Freda Kirchwey, Lillian Herstein, Max Schacht-
man, Harry Gannes, Arthur C. Calhoun, Fred T. Douglas, Ernest Unter-
mann, William F. Dunne, Harriet Silverman, Eduardo Machado, P. T.
Lau, Theodore Debs, and G. F. Vanderveer.
ALL-CALIFORNIA CONFERENCE FOR DEFENSE OF CIVIL RIGHTS AND
AID TO LABOR'S PRISONERS
This Communist conference was held in San Francisco, April 23,
1938. It was called into being by the Northern California District of the
International Labor Defense, the "legal arm of the Communist Party."
Ellis E. Patterson, Reid Robinson, Frederick Conliff, Tom Mooney,
J. V. McNamara, and Henry Schmidt, were among the endorsers of this
organization.
ALL-UNION SOCIETY FOR CULTURAL RELATIONS
WITH FOREIGNERS (VOKS)
Roman Weller of Moscow, representing the Bureau of Cultural
Relations came to the United States in 1925 to " establish closer cultural
relations between the United States and the Soviet Union."
Anna Louise Strong in her book, I Change Worlds, tells how she
organized the Society for Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries
and wrote its first prospectus. Anna Louise Strong has been the editor
of the Moscow News for a number of years.
VOKS is the abbreviated reference to the organization.
AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION
In its 1943 Report to the Legislature, the Legislative Committee
investigating un-American activities in California reported the following
finding :
' ' The American Civil Liberties Union may be definitely classed
as a Communist front or * transmission belt ' organization. At least 90
percent of its efforts are expended on behalf of Communists who
108 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
come into conflict with the law. While it professes to stand for free
speech, a free press and free assembly, it is quite obvious that its
main function is to protect Communists in their activities of force
and violence in their program to overthrow the government. "
During the Stalin-Hitler Pact the American Civil Liberties Union
suddenly took the position that persons who support "totalitarian dic-
tatorship ' ' in any country can give nothing more than a tongue-in-cheek
allegiance to civil liberties in the United States. Although the American
Civil Liberties Union was organized in 1920 and had been defending
Communists for over 20 years while the ' * totalitarian dictatorship ' ' was
in ruthless operation denying elementary rights to the citizens of Eussia,
it took the Stalin-Hitler Pact to awaken the organization.
The resolution adopted by the American Civil Liberties Union, how-
ever, was encouraging to the California Legislative Committee investi-
gating un-American activities in California. While its philosophy and
its activities plus its Communist and Communist Party traveling mem-
bership, placed the organization indisputably in the Stalinite solar
system, the action of 1940, on the surface, indicated that the loyal element
within the American Civil Liberties Union was about to capture the
organization for American purposes.
The Daily Worker for March 19, 1940, carried the text of a letter
signed by 17 alleged "Liberal Leaders " addressed to the American Civil
Liberties Union. These alleged ' ' Liberal Leaders ' ' asked some embarrass-
ing and pertinent questions : ' ' The phrasing of the resolution is danger-
ous/' declare the 17. "Its context is worse. The Civil Liberties was
founded in 1920. The Soviet Union was established in 1917, and with
it the 'dictatorship of the proletariat.' We are told that Communists are
to be barred from office or employment in the Civil Liberties Union
because, while fighting for civil liberties in America, they accept their
suppression in Soviet Russia. Why then, did the Civil Liberties Union
wait until 1940 before seeking to bar them?" The letter goes on to state :
' ' But civil liberties within the Soviet Union were no different before the
(Stalin-Hitler) Pact than after. One could not print an opposition paper
in Moscow in August, 1939, before the Pact, or after it, in Septem-
ber, 1939."
When it is remembered that the U. S. Communists under directive
of the Kremlin were vigorously supporting the Stalin-Hitler Pact while
Hitler and Stalin were looting Europe, the Communist character of the
17 "Liberal Leaders" becomes obvious. Their letter continues:
"Could it be that the majority of the national committee and
board of directors of the Civil Liberties Union is taking sides in the
developing European conflict? Is their real objection an objection
to the position of the Soviet Union in that conflict ? Has that question
anything to do with the need for defending civil liberties in Amer-
ica? * * * The Civil Liberties Union was formed in 1920 to fight
postwar hysteria. It would be a great pity if it were now to become
the victim of prewar hysteria. ' '
Among the 17 "liberal leaders" signing this letter were two high
officials in the executive branch of the United States Government, namely
Robert Morss Lovett and Henry T. Hunt, both of whom were appointees
of the Department of the Interior. I. F. Stone and James Wechsler were
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 109
connected with the Washington Bureau of Marshall Field's left-wing
newspaper PM. William F. Cochran, also a signer of the letter, is a mil-
lionaire real-estate operator in Baltimore. All of the 17 signers have been
consistent supporters of the Communist Party, its leaders, and various
front organizations. John T. Bernard, Prof. Franz Boas, Howard Costi-
gan, Theodore Dreiser, Prof. Henry Pratt Fairchild, Prof. Robert S.
Lynd, Carey McWilliams, Rev. Dr. A. T. Mollegan, Prof. C. Fayette
Taylor, Charles S. Ascher, Gardner Jackson, and Maxwell S. Stewart.
Undoubtedly the American Civil Liberties Union was resorting to
drastic Communist strategy in retreating during the Stalin-Hitler Pact.
This fact is strongly indicated by the personnel of the National Commit-
tee and the Board of Directors in 1946. On the letter of the American
Civil Liberties Union signed by A. A. Heist for September, 1946, we find
many of the 17 so-called " liberal leaders" listed.
So that the members of the Legislature and interested persons may
check the pattern in this Report, the names listed for the National Com-
mittee and the Board of Directors of the American Civil Liberties Union
are here published.
The National Committee is composed of Louis Adamic, Bishop James
Chamberlain Baker, Dr. Harry Elmer Barnes, Prof. Edwin M. Borchard,
Van Wyck Brooks, Dr. Henry Seidel Canby, John M. Coffee, Morris L.
Cooke, Prof. George S. Counts, Melvyn Douglas, Dorothy Canfield Fisher,
Rev. Harry Emerson Fosdick, Kate Crane Gartz, Dr. Mordecai W. John-
son, Dr. John A. Lapp, Max Lerner, William Draper Lewis, Robert Morss
Lovett, Prof. Robert S. Lynd, Bishop Francis J. McConnell, Carey
McWilliams, A. J. Muste, Bishop G. Bromley Oxnam, Prof. Max Radin,
A. Philip Randolph, Raymond Swing, Oswald Garrison Villard, and Dr.
William Lindsay Young.
Among the members of the Board of Directors are Ernest Angell,
Prof. Paul F. Brissenden, Morris L. Ernst, Osmond K. Fraenkel, Walter
Gellhorn, Arthur Garfield Hays, Dorothy Kenyon, Corliss Lamont, Prof.
Eduard C. Lindeman, Elmer Rice, Whitney North Seymour, and Rev.
William B. Spofford.
The director of the Southern California branch is Aaron Allen Heist.
Dr. Clinton J. Taft is listed as Director Emeritus. The Southern Califor-
nia Committee is as follows : Dr. E. P. Ryland, A. L. Wirin, Mrs. John
Beardsley, Dr. Oliver H. Bronson, Reuben Borough, Floyd Covington,
Hugh Hardyman, Rev. Allan Hunter, J. W. MacNair, Carey McWil-
liams, Robert Morris, Fred Okrand, Prof. J. B. Ramsey, Mrs. Ralph
Smith, and J. B. Tietz.
A letter signed by Isaac Pacht under date of December 23, 1946, from
257 South Spring Street, Los Angeles, lists a campaign committee com-
posed of Jerome W. MacNair, William C. Carr, J. B. Tietz, and Mar-
garet E. Hughes.
This letterhead also lists a Membership Committee composed of the
following : Bishop James C. Baker, Mrs. Helen Beardsley, Edmund W.
Cooke, Dr. George Day, Melvyn Douglas, John Anson Ford, Dr. Lowell
Frost, Mrs. Lowell Frost, Prof. Hubert Herring, Dr. Raymond G. McKel-
vey, Lor en Miller, Judge Isaac Pacht, Dr. Robert B. Pettengill, Mrs.
Ralph Smith, and James Wallace.
The Open Forum, official bulletin of the Southern California branch
of the American Civil Liberties Union, lists Aaron Allen Heist, as the
110 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Director-Editor. The Board of Directors is as follows : J. W. MacNair,
A. L. Wirin, J. B. Tietz, Mrs. John Beardsley, Dr. Oliver H. Bronson,
Reuben Borough, Edmund W. Cooke, Floyd Covington, Prof. George M.
Day, Hugh Hardyman, Rev. Allan Hunter, Katherine Kilbourne, Loren
Miller, Robert Morris, Fred Okrand, John C. Packard, Prof. J. B. Ram-
sey, Dr. E. P. Ryland, Glenn Smiley, Mrs. Ralph Smith, Dr. Clinton J.
Taft, Elizabeth A. Wood, and Dr. William Lindsay Young.
The issue of the Open Forum, above referred to, attacks the Freedom
Train and the Freedom Pledge. Among other things, the paper states that
' ' To sign the * * * pledge is to subscribe thoughtlessly to a falsehood !
Ask the three million federal employees under the shadow of the Tru-
man Witch Hunt Order, the Los Angeles County employees, the thou-
sands of citizens directly and indirectly effected by the Thomas and Ten-
ney and similar committees, not to mention the millions of common citi-
zens subjected to FBI, 'subversive squads' and other thought control
agencies * * *. "
There is little difference in this statement by the American Civil
Liberties Union and the statement of the Communist Party on the same
subject.
The Communist character of the American Civil Liberties Union is
further indicated in an article published in the Open Forum for March 6,
1948. It reads, in part, as follows :
"For Congress to outlaw the Communist Party as 'subversive'
or as ' an agent of a foreign government ' would be unconstitutional,
since Congress would be exercising a judicial function in so declaring.
" Attorney General Tom Clark, appearing before a subcommit-
tee of the J. Parnell Thomas inquisitorial committee, which has never
yet reported out a bit of legislation, even went so far as to say that
the government could not prove that Communists are foreign agents
or that they advocate the violent overthrow of the government.
(Which proves that Clark is not so able a man as California's Jack
Tenney! Or, do the courts require Clark to deal with facts? — Ed.)
Clark's subordinate, J. Edgar Hoover, testified that from a practical
point of view such legislation would be folly since it would simply
drive Communists underground.
"Arthur Garfield Hays, appearing as A. C. L. U. counsel, in his
testimony declared that the proposed measures were bills of attain-
der, passing judgments on people by legislative fiat rather than
judicial process * tt *.
"Mr. Morris Ernst, also of the New York Board of Directors,
appeared before the committee in an unofficial capacity. ' '
The Senate Committee Fact-Finding Committee on Un-American
Activities reiterates the findings of former legislative committees con-
cerning the Communist character of the American Civil Liberties Union.
The International Labor Defense, called "the legal arm of the Com-
munist Party" by former Attorney General Francis Biddle, has not
established a better Communist record than this thinly disguised organ-
ization that devotes its energies to the defense of enemies of the United
States.
The committee has stated in previous reports that all Communist
fronts are characterized by the fact that many of the individuals
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 111
attracted to such organizations are not necessarily Communists and, in
many cases, the membership of a Communist front organization will be
composed, for the greater part, of non-Communists. This same finding
applies, of course, to the American Civil Liberties Union. Ernest Besig,
the director of the Northern California Branch of the American Civil
Liberties Union, appears to be a sincere, conscientious American, whose
reasoning leads him to the defense of most anyone, regardless of the
accusation. Ernest Besig, however, has, on several occasions, expressed
himself concerning Communists and Communism. He testified before
a sub-committee of the Senate Committee on Un-American Activities in
Fairfax, October 23, 1947. He identified the official organ of the Northern
Branch of the American Civil Liberties Union for February and March,
1941, in which he had unequivocally stamped the Northern California
Council for Academic Freedom and Civil Liberties a Communist front.
He orally reiterated his written statements. His testimony, in part, is
as follows :
Q. (Mr. Combs) : * * * The American Civil Liberties Union
publishes a number of papers. I am speaking of the branch of the
organization of which you are a member.
A. That 's correct.
Q. What is the name of that publication?
A. The American Civil Liberties Union-News.
Q. Did you publish such a paper in February, 1941 ?
A. Yes. It's in its twelfth year, so we must have.
*******
Q. (Mr. Combs) : Now, in connection with the issues for Feb-
ruary, 1941, and March, 1941, there are some statements concern-
ing one of the organizations I mentioned a while ago ; the Northern
California Council for Academic Freedom and Civil Liberties, I
believe.
A. Do you want to know what I think of that organization ?
Q. I know what you think of it. You said so in your paper.
A. I said so not only in the paper but in speeches, and as a
result the Chairman of this group (Northern California Council
for Academic Freedom and Civil Liberties) sent a protest to my
committee.
Q. Well, you think the organization was definitely a Communist
front ?
A. Undoubtedly, and undoubtedly also, it got a lot of inter-
ested people involved in it.
Q. As Communist fronts are set up to do.
A. Correct.
Q. Now, how did you arrive at the conclusion that this par-
ticular organization was a Communist front?
A. Well, after you 've been in this business of civil liberties for
the number of years that I have been in it, you come across certain
individuals who, as you indicate^ with Mr. Flaxer, get involved
in first one organization and then another. That was true of the
Committee on Academic Freedom. Louise Branston had been con-
nected with a number of front organizations and seemed to shift
around.
112 UN- AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
From the foregoing testimony of Mr. Besig, who is indisputably a
sincere man, the committee is given one of the elemental tests for
determining the character of a suspected organization. Applying the
same rule to the American Civil Liberties Union, its Communist front
character is indicated. When the other tests are applied no doubt at all
is left in the mind of a reasonable person.
AMERICAN COMMITTEE FOR A FREE INDONESIA
See American Committee for Indonesian Independence.
AMERICAN COMMITTEE FOR A KOREAN PEOPLE'S PARTY
This is just one of many Communists fronts for the purpose of pro-
testing American policy in Korea and creating pressure for the recall
of American occupation forces from that country.
Among other such Communist fronts for the same purpose are the
Korean Culture Society, the American Committee to Aid Korean Feder-
ation of Trade Unions, and the Korean Independent News Company.
All of these organizations have had the support of the over-all Com-
munist front in this field, the National Win the Peace Committee.
AMERICAN COMMITTEE FOR DEMOCRACY AND
INTELLECTUAL FREEDOM
This Communist front was established on Lincoln's birthday in
1939. It announced that it stood for the " preservation and extension
of democracy and intellectual freedom. ' ' Franz Boas was the chairman
of the American Committee for Democracy and Intellectual Freedom.
The American Committee for Democracy and Intellectual Freedom
was the successor to the Communist front, the Scientists' Committee.
The activities of this group were always in behalf of Communists.
Franz Boas, Walter Rautenstrauch, and Max Yergan, chairman and
executive committee members respectively, have all been associated with
Communist front organizations defending Communists. Boas, Rauten-
strauch, and Yergan have been affiliated with International Labor
Defense, National Committee for the Defense of Political Prisoners,
National Conference on Constitutional Liberties in America, National
Emergency Conference for Democratic Rights, Greater New York
Emergency Conference on Inalienable Rights, and Committee on Elec-
tion Rights. These three men have been signers of various statements
in defense of the Communist Party.
The American Committee for Democracy and Intellectual Freedom
has followed the Communist Party line as it switched and squirmed in
support of the foreign policy of Soviet Russia.
Other party-liners on the executive committee of the American Com-
mittee for Democracy and Intellectual Freedom are Prof. Eric T. Bell,
Prof. Raymond T. Birge, Prof. Olga Bridgman, Dean Samuel B. Morris,
Prof. Edward C. Tolman, and Prof. Bailey Willis.
The Communist-defending proclivities of the American Com-
mittee for Democracy and Intellectual Freedom is indicated in a peti-
tion sponsored by the organization calling for the discontinuation of
the Dies Committee. Among those who signed this petition are Clarence
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 113
M. Dykstra, Frank Kingdon, Mary E. Woolley, Francis J. McConnell,
Paul Robeson, Van Wyck Brooks, Lillian Hellman, Emil Lengyel, Elmer
Rice, Henry Pratt Fairchild, Sophronisba P. Breckinridge, Edward C.
Tolman, Jerome Davis, Robert Inglehart, Matt Lerner, George Soule,
Malcolm Cowley, Freda Kirchwey, Maxwell S. Stewart, Dashiell Ham-
mett, Leane Zugsmith, Arthur Kober, Countee Cullen, Alfred Kreyn-
borg, Donald Ogden Stewart, Herman Shumlin, Vilhjalmur Stefansson,
Aaron Copland, Rockwell Kent, Morris Carnovsky, Max Yergan, Dorothy
Kenyon, Hugh De Lacy, Mary Van Kleeck, Charles Erskine, James B.
Carey, Martha Dodd, and George Seldes.
It is interesting to note that a Washington State Legislative Com-
mittee elicited testimony from Mrs. Katharine Fogg, a Democratic
leader and ex-legislator, that Hugh De Lacy is a member of the Com-
munist Party. Mrs. Katharine Fogg is reported as testifying: "I wanted
to quit the Communist Party long before I did, but I was told I could
not quit, and at a picnic at Shadow Lake, Hugh De Lacy wiggled his
finger at my nose and said: 'Katharine Fogg, we made you and well
break you'."
AMERICAN COMMITTEE FOR INDONESIAN INDEPENDENCE
This front was organized to create support for the Indonesian revo-
lution. The National headquarters is at 23 West Twenty-sixth Street in
New York City, and the group is supported by Hugh De Lacey, Elmer
Benson, Muriel Draper, Frederick V. Field, Dr. Henry Pratt Fairchild,
W. E. B. DuBois, James Dombrowski, Louis E. Burnham, Dr. Harl R.
Douglas, Zarko M. Buncheck, Henrietta Buckmaster, and Zlato
Balokovic.
Stemming from this red front are several subsidiary committees,
such as the American Committee for a Free Indonesia, Los Angeles, and
the American Committee for a Free Indonesia, San Francisco.
Leo Gallagher, notorious California Communist attorney is listed
on the letterhead of the Los Angeles branch of the American Committee
for Indonesian Independence as chairman; George K. Anang, vice
chairman, Ede Kemnitzer, secretary, and Ann Budiselick, treasurer.
The Los Angeles headquarters is given as 8706 Melrose Avenue, tele-
phone number Bradshaw 2-3774.
AMERICAN COMMITTEE FOR PROTECTION OF FOREIGN BORN
The American Committee for the Protection of Foreign Born is the
organization that succeeded the National Council for the Protection of
the Foreign Born. This Communist front works closely with the Inter-
national Labor Defense, the legal arm of the Communist Party, in defense
of foreign-born Communists and sympathizers. Since the Communist
International, by its own admission, has been constituted as a world
party, its agents travel frequently from country to country. The Ameri-
can Committee for the Protection of Foreign Born, by protecting foreign
Communists who come to this country, has aided in enabling them to
operate here.
The National Council for the Protection of the Foreign Born and
its successor, the American Committee for Protection of Foreign Born,
have consistently followed the Communist Party line in all of its twisting
curves for the support of Soviet foreign policy.
9_L-7088-D
114 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Among those who have been affiliated in one capacity or another
with the American Committee, for Protection of Foreign Born are the
following: Donald Ogden Stewart, Joris Ivens, Edward G. Robinson,
Jacob Ben Ami, Zlatko Balokovic, Bay Lev, Maurice Hindus, Prof. Emil
Lengyel, Prof. Max Lerner, Ella Winter, Maxim Kopf, Pachita Crespi,
Yasuo Kuniyoshi, Dr. Li Yu Ying, Dr. Bela Schick, Vilhjalmur Stefan-
sson, Charles Collins, Hugo Ernst, Leo Krzycki, Michael Obermeier,
Michael Quill, Dr. Ira DeA Reid, Vito Marcantonio, Canada Lee, William
Rose Benet, Dr. Aaron Bodansky, Irene Bordoni, Louis B. Boudin,
Henrietta Buckmaster, Morris Carnovsky, Aaron Copland, Kyle Crich-
ton, Joseph Curran, Prof, Henry Pratt Fairchild, Abram Flaxer,
Langston Hughes, George Jessel, Emil Ludwig, Mr. and Mrs. Frederic
March, Dudley Nichols, Olga Petrova, Prof. Arthur Upham Pope, Louis
S. Posner, Rev. A. Clayton Powell, Jr., Elmer Rice, Paul Robeson, Doris
Rosenthal, Lisa Sergio, Frank Tuttle, Orson Welles, Dr. Max Yergan,
Blanche Yurka, William Zorach, Bishop James A. Baker, Hugh De
Lacey, Leo Eloesser, Guy Endore, Bishop Edward L. Parsons, Reid
Robinson, Maxwell S. Stewart, Theodore Dreiser, Mary McLeod Beth-
une, Dr. Franz Boas, Van Wyck Brooks, Thomas F. Ford, Dr. Frank P.
Graham, Sidney Hillman, Rockwell Kent, Robert Morss Lovett, Rev.
Sidney Lovett, Dr. Henry N. MacCracken, Bishop Francis J. McConnell,
Culbert L. Olson, Prof. Max Radin, Prof. Walter Rautenstrauch, Rose
Schneiderman, Dr. Guy Emery Shipler, Dr. Harry F. Ward, Dr. Mary
E. Wooley, Pearl M. Hart, Carey Me Williams, Prof. Thomas Addis, Prof.
Sophonisba Breckinridge, Rabbi Henry Cohen, Rev. Stephen Fritchman,
Aline Davis Hays, Carol King, Rev. Edgar A. Lowther, Lewis Merrill,
Stanley Nowak, Rev. Max C. Putney, Michael Quill, Adolph J. Sabath,
George Seldes, Peter Shipka, Herman Shumlin, Curt Swinburne, Donald
Henderson, Manuel Buaken, Frederick N. Myers, Frederick V. Field,
Lewis Alan Berne, Joseph Cadden, Martha Dodd, Muriel Draper, Abram
Flaxer, Dr. Alexander Meiklejohn, Genevieve Taggard, Rev. John B.
Thompson, OswTald Garrison Villard, Dr. J. Raymond Walsh, Art Young,
Louis Adamic, and James Waterman Wise.
Joseph Dean was the President of the National Council for Protec-
tion of Foreign Born Workers; Henry T. Hunt, Legal Adviser; Nina
Samorodin, Secretary-Treasurer ; Max Orlowsky, First Vice President ;
and P. Pascal Cosgrove, Second Vice President.
AMERICAN COMMITTEE FOR RUSSIAN FAMINE RELIEF
James H. McGill, A. W. Ricker, and Walter W. Liggett entered into
a contract with official representatives of the Soviet Government in 1922,
whereby they were to set up the American Committee for Russian
Famine. The organization immediately assumed a political character.
One of the organization's leading speakers, Isaac McBride, declared :
1 i We are going to milk the bourgeoisie of this country and they will help
us to keep up the struggle against themselves. ' '
The Communists are not quite so frank about their purposes in 1948
as they were in 1922. McBride, however told the truth in 1922 and
expressed the well known principle of all Communist front groups : Make
the non- Communists work for Communism and their own destruction.
James H. McGill was the secretary-treasurer of the American Com-
mittee for Russian Famine Relief.
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 115
AMERICAN COMMITTEE FOR SPANISH FREEDOM
Over 34 of the sponsors of the Spanish Refugee Appeal of the Joint
Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee are also officers and sponsors of the
American Committee for Spanish Freedom. The national offices of this
organization are located at 55 West Forty-second Street, New York City.
The American Committee for Spanish Freedom has made no attempt
to conceal its objective in forcing a break in diplomatic relations between
the United States and Spain.
As is usually the case, the key position of this Communist-front is
held by a member of the Communist Party. Allen Chase is the secretary.
In 1936 Allen Chase was a candidate for Congress in New York on the
Communist Party ticket.
Bartley Crum is the Vice Chairman of this Communist transmission
belt. Crum has had extensive association with the Communist-front
movement in the United States.
Samuel J. Novick is the treasurer of the organization. Novick's
Communist affiliations are numerous.
Other individuals with extensive Communist or fellow traveling
affiliations are the following: Lewis Merrill (alias Louis Cohen), Inter-
national President of the United Office and Professional Workers of
America ; Joseph Curran, National Maritime Union ; J. Rubin, Hotel and
Restaurant Workers Union ; Lewis 0. Hartman, Boston Bishop ; J.
Raymond Walsh, Research Director for the Congress of Industrial
Organization; Stephen H. Fritchman, newly appointed Pastor of the
First Unitarian Church of Los Angeles; and Albert E. Kahn.
J. Raymond Walsh has a long Communist fellow-traveling record
and is affiliated with the following Communist Front groups : American
Committee for Protection of Foreign Born, American Council on Soviet
Relations, American Student Union, Council for Pan-American
Democracy, Inter-Professional Association for Social Insurance, League
of American Writers, National Citizens Political Action Committee,
National Emergency Conference, National Emergency Conference for
Democratic Rights, National Federation for Constitutional Liberties.
He was one of the signers of the Open Letter for Closer Cooperation With
the Soviet Union.
Stephen H. Fritchman replaced the Reverend Ernest Caldecott as
Pastor of the First Unitarian Church at Eighth and Vermont Streets in
the City of Los Angeles, much to the chagrin of that portion of the
congregation who believe in the United States of America. Fritchman
is a very active Communist-fronter. He has been connected with the fol-
lowing Communist front organizations and activities: Committee to
Defend America by Keeping Out of War (during Stalin-Hitler Pact),
Congress of Youth, National Federation for Constitutional Liberties,
Emergency Peace Mobilization, New Masses, American Youth Congress,
Greater Boston Committee for the Boycott of Japanese Goods, North
American Spanish Aid Committee, and the United American Spanish
Aid Committee. During the American Peace Mobilization Conference
held in Chicago in October of 1940, Fritchman helped register delegates.
116 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
A letter, under date of November 1, 1945, signed by Communist Leo
Gallagher, Los Angeles Chairman of the American Committee for Span-
ish Freedom, closes with the following :
It is with great pride that we present at this meeting, Congress-
man John M. Coffee, Mr. Hartley Crum, and Mr. Frederick Thomp-
son. Also representatives from the A.F.L. and C.I.O. and Hollywood
will participate in the program. This meeting MUST be a success and
the Shrine must be filled. No admission will be charged, but we feel
it is the obligation of everyone to be present on November 16th.
Your presence will signify your interest in the cause of Spain and
the cause of world-wide democracy.
An enclosed leaflet announces a mass meeting at the Shrine Audi-
torium in Los Angeles, and, in addition to Congressman Coffee, Bartley
Crum, Frederick Thompson, Dalton Trumbo is listed as the chairman of
the meeting.
The letterhead of the Gallagher letter above referred to, lists the
headquarters of the American Committee for Spanish Freedom as 5245
De Longpre Avenue, Los Angeles, and the telephone number 11010.
Carey Me Williams is an honorary chairman ; Norman Pearlman, treas-
urer ; and Arthur Landis, executive secretary. The following Communist
fronts are listed as ' ' sponsoring organizations ' ' : Veterans of the Abra-
ham Lincoln Brigade, National Citizens Political Action Committee, Los
Angeles CIO Council, Hollywood Independent Citizens Committee of
the Arts, Sciences and Professions, Musicians Congress, and American
Youth for Democracy.
Individual sponsors presents the old guard, for the greater part, of
Communists and stalwart Communist fellow-travelers. The list is as
follows: Mrs. Fay E. Allen, Reuben Borough, John M. Coffee, Philip M.
Connelly, Peter De Lima, Kate Crane Gartz, Leo Gallagher, Yip Har-
burg, Robert W. Kenny, Carey McWilliams, Ben Margolis, Albert Maltz,
John T. McTernan, Senial Ostrow, Ellis E. Patterson, and Milton S. Tyre.
Albert Maltz is an important Communist in the solar system of Com-
munist front organizations. Louis J. Russell, former member of the
Federal Bureau of Investigation, testified before the Thomas Committee
in Washington October 28, 1947, that Albert Maltz held Communist
Party card number 47196. The address on the Communist Party card
was given as 8526 Linden Hurst, Los Angeles. Mr. Russell testified that
the card contained a notation ''1944 Card No. 46801."
The Communist record of Albert Maltz is set forth in the Con-
gressional Report at page 371, and because it corroborates the findings
of the Senate Fact-Finding Committee on Un-American Activities it is
here reproduced.
Albert Maltz has not to our knowledge publicly admitted member-
ship in the Communist Party. However, complete loyalty to the Commu-
nist Party has seldom been so startlingly demonstrated as it has been in
the case of Mr. Maltz. The outstanding demonstration occurred when
Mr. Maltz started a literary and communistic furore by criticizing the
traditional Communist premise that "art is a weapon." His criticism
was contained in an article in the New Masses, official weekly publication
of the Communist Party, on February 12, 1946. This heresy by Mr. Maltz
was immediately denounced by Communist leaders at mass meeting and
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 117
in article upon article in the New Masses and other official party publica-
tions. On April 7, 1946, Mr. Maltz yielded to the pressure and publicly
recanted his statements in an article in the Worker, official newspaper of
the Communist Party. This controversy, which attracted nation-wide
attention has been reviewed in Life magazine for July 29, 1946 ; in the
Washington Post for February 25, 1946 ; and in the New York World-
Telegram for September 18, 1946. The Washington Post said in part :
"It seems that a Communist critic, one Comrade Albert Maltz, had
dared to say, almost in as many words, that a literary artist need not be
expected to turn himself inside out trying to keep up with every kink and
kidney bending in the party line." The World-Telegram noted that:
"The party promptly dropped a ton of bricks on Mr. Maltz." Life maga-
zine observed thus about Mr. Maltz' recanting: "Folding completely
before the party discipline, Maltz, even castigated his sympathizers who
had objected to the abusive tone in which correction had been admin-
istered." On at least four occasions Albert Maltz has publicly supported
the Communist Party. The Daily Worker, official Communist newspaper,
on May 4, 1936, page 2, announced that one of Albert Maltz' plays would
be given for the benefit of the Communist Party. The Daily Worker for
March 5, 1941, page 2, reported that Mr. Maltz was one of the signers of
a statement to the President defending the Communist Party, and on
July 19, 1942, page 4, the same publication listed Mr. Maltz as a signer
of an open letter denouncing former Attorney General Biddle 's charges
against the Communist Party and Communist Party Member Harry
Bridges. The New Leader for February 8, 1941, listed Mr. Maltz as being
on the "call" of a conference to keep the Communist Party on the state
ballot in New York.
On July 21, 1940, page 1, the Worker announced that Albert Maltz
would write a serial story, the ' ' Underground Stream, ' ' depicting the life
of a Communist organizer and hero. The Communist Party 's official organ,
the Daily Worker, said on January 25, 1943, in an article by the worker
columnist and party member Mike Gold, that : " I can think of almost no
American author who has done an adequate portrait of an American
Communist. Albert Maltz in 'Underground Stream' did a wonderful
sketch but not a sufficiently rounded portrait of the American Com-
munist." The Communist Party organizer and hero of "The Under-
ground Stream" is a character named Frank Prince who is killed by a
Black Legion crew on orders of the management of an industrial plant
because the organizer refused to desert the Communist Party. Prince
had become a Communist, Maltz writes, as a result of ' ' daily events, his
work and life — and among those events a tire chain wielded by a police-
man * * * later, the acceptance of certain principles, of the political
program for which the Communist movement stood, had kept him in the
party "(p. 103).
The Daily Worker of June 8, 1938, announced that "The New York
State Committee of the Communist Party will honor a group of 20 stu-
dents who will complete the two-week National Training School for
State Literary Directors on June 15, 1938." Albert Maltz was named
by the Daily Worker article as one of the main speakers at the event. He
was to share the speaking platform with such prominent Communists
as Alexander Trachtenberg and Michael Gold.
118 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
The John Reed Clubs were openly communistic organizations named
in honor of John Reed, one of the founders of the Communist Party in
the United States, and whose ashes were interred in the Kremlin in
Moscow. The Daily Worker for February 10, 1934, listed Albert Maltz
as a speaker at a John Reed Club symposium in New York City.
Other Communist individuals have been defended by Albert Maltz
on a number of occasions. Mr. Maltz is a member of the Eisler Defense
Committee, which the Communists organized after Gerhart Eisler, an
agent of the Communist International, was convicted in the United
States courts of passport fraud and contempt of Congress. Mr. Maltz'
affiliation with the organization is recorded in a pamphlet of the com-
mittee, entitled "Eisler Hits Back," page 15. Mr. Maltz also signed an
appeal to the President under the auspices of the Citizens Committee to
Free Earl Browder, according to a leaflet of the organization. Earl
Browder is the former general secretary of the Communist Party in the
United States. The committee in his defense was cited as a Communist
organization by Attorney General Biddle (Congressional Record, Sep-
tember 24, 1942, p. 7687) and by the Special Committee on Un-American
Activities on March 29, 1944. The New York Times for October 9, 1944,
page 12, listed Albert Maltz as a signer of an open letter sent to Governor
Dewey of New York by the Schappes Defense Committee. This com-
mittee worked for the release of Morris U. Schappes, an avowed Com-
munist teacher convicted of perjury in New York City, and the committee
was cited as a Communist front by the Special Committee on Un-Amer-
ican Activities on March 29, 1944. The Daily Worker for December 19,
1940, page 5, listed Albert Maltz as one of the signers of an appeal on
behalf of Sam Darcy, a Communist organizer. Mr. Maltz' defense of
Harry Bridges has previously been referred to. Mr. Bridges led the
disastrous San Francisco general strike of 1934 and was identified as a
Communist Party member by the Daily Worker itself.
Albert Maltz has been associated with many official Communist
publications. He has written for the Daily Worker, as shown by the
issues of the publication for December 16, 1933; September 17, 1934;
and December 21, 1935. Mr. Maltz has also taken an interest in the
Daily Worker's financial problems. The publication on March 25, 1945,
listed Mr. Maltz as a member of a committee ' ' to sponsor support for the
Daily Worker and the Worker" (the Sunday edition). The article
stated, under a headline reading, "Leading citizens sponsor financial
aid for Worker," that "The committee has a wide representation of
people who in their daily active work have come to accept the Daily
Worker and the Worker as indispensable journals of opinion and
action. " Similar information is carried in the Daily Worker for April 1,
1945.
New Masses is an official weekly magazine of the Communist Party.
That Albert Maltz has been a contributor to New Masses is proven by
the issues of the publication for December 15, 1936, page 37 ; January
26, 1937, page 25 ; and August 17, 1937, page 16. The Western Worker,
an official Communist publication, announced on November 30, 1936,
that Albert Maltz would be among the contributors to New Masses when
the New Masses' twenty-fifth anniversary issue was put out on Decem-
ber 10, 1936. The Daily Worker for October 7, 1938, reported that an
emergency meeting held for New Masses on the same day at the Man-
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 119
hattan Opera House in New York City would include a speech by Albert
Maltz. The issue of New Masses for April 2, 1940, page 21, listed
Albert Maltz as one of the signers of a New Masses letter to the Presi-
dent. Albert Maltz served on the sponsoring committee of a morale meet-
ing for Remain Holland — which the New Masses held at Carnegie Hall
in New York on March 30, 1945. This wras reported in the Daily Worker
for March 14, 1945, and New Masses for April 16, 1945.
New Currents is a weekly magazine in the English language dealing
with Jewish matters. It has the official approval of the Jewish Commis-
sion of the Communist Party and has been cited as a Communist
organization by the Committee on Un-American Activities on September
2, 1947. The issue of New Currents for March, 1944, page 2, lists Albert
Maltz as a member of the advisory board of the magazine.
Mainstream is a literary magazine which has been prominently
promoted by the Communist press and which advertises itself in the
Daily Worker as a " Marxist literary quarterly." The Worker for
September 22, 1946, lists Albert Maltz as a member of the editorial
board of Mainstream.
People's World is the official west coast organ of the Communist
Party. Albert Maltz was a speaker at a meeting entitled ''Hollywood
Forum" which was held in Los Angeles on April 9, 1946, under the
auspices of the People's World, according to the Daily Worker for
April 15, 1946, page 11. The People's World of July 26, 1944, reported
that it would run a short-story contest between August 1, 1944, and
February 1, 1945, and that Albert Maltz would be one of the judges
of the contest. The People's World for June 1, 1945, said it was running
a short-story contest and that Mr. Maltz was serving as a judge.
Among other associations with the Communist press, Albert Maltz
is shown to have served on the editorial council of Equality, according
to issues of the magazine for July, 1939, June, 1940, and July, 1940.
Equality, which appeared from May, 1939, until late 1940 consistently
followed the Communist Party line and its managing editor was Abra-
ham Chapman who has been identified as John Arnold, a member of the
New York State Jewish Euro of the Communist Party. Albert Maltz
was one of the incorporators of Jewish Survey, according to records of
incorporation of New York State. Jewish Survey, incorporated in 1939
and dissolved on December 2, 1942, was run by writers for the Com-
munist press such as Louis Harap. Contributors included David Zas-
lavsky of the Moscow Pravda and Max Perlow and Albert E. Kahn,
well-known Communist leaders. Mr. Maltz was a contributor to Laisve,
official Communist publication in the Lithuanian language field, accord-
ing to a copy of the paper for May 28, 1941. Mr. Maltz also contributed
to Neues Deutschland (New Germany), official organ of the Free Ger-
man Committee of Mexico, which had its headquarters in Moscow and
which consisted largely of Communist refugees like Otto Katz and Paul
Merkel. He contributed to the January, 1945, issue and the March and
April, 1946, issues of Neues Deutschland. It should be noted that it is
standard practice for the Daily Worker and other Communist publica-
tions to accept only Communist Party members for official positions
on the publications. It need scarcely be observed that contributors to
such publications are required to follow the Communist Party line in
their writings.
120 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Official Communist publishing houses have published works by
Albert Maltz. Mr. Maltz is listed as one of the authors in an Interna-
tional Publishers catalog, undated, and also in a catalog issued by the
Workers Library Publishers in 1938. International Publishers in 1935
published a book entitled "Proletarian Literature in the United States"
which included one of Albert Maltz' short stories. The Daily Worker for
July 12, 1938, announced that International Publishers was issuing a
book of short stories by Mr. Maltz entitled "The Way Things Are."
The Department of Justice has cited International Publishers as a "pub-
lishing agency of the Communist Party" (brief in the case of William
Schneiderman, p. 145 ) . It has been similarly cited by the Special Com-
mittee on Un-American Activities on March 29, 1944.
Official Communist sources have frequently voiced approval of
Albert Maltz' writings. Communist International, the official organ of
the Communist International, on the back cover of its May, 1938, issue
advertised Mr. Maltz' book, "The Way Things Are," and described the
book as "a book of stirring stories of the class struggle in the United
States. " The official west coast Communist organ, the People's World, on
January 4, 1945, page 5, listed Mr. Maltz' book, "The Cross and the
Arrow," as one of the 25 best books of 1944 and the reviewer stated
that : ' ' With this novel Maltz earned a position among the leading fig-
ures in American fiction today." The Progressive Book Shop, one of
a nation-wide chain of Communist book shops, held a ' ' Meet the Author
Party" to publicize Maltz' book, "The Cross and the Arrow," accord-
ing to the California Eagle for October 5, 1944. Albert Maltz himself
testified before the California Legislative Committee on Un-American
Activities on October 13, 1944, that the Progressive Book Shop had
sponsored an autographing party for this book of his, "The Cross and
the Arrow" was made a selection of the Book Find Club, according to
Plain Talk for May, 1947, page 28. The Book Find Club is a Communist
version of the book-of-the-month clubs and promotes the writings of
authors sympathetic to the Communist viewpoint. The Abraham Lincoln
School, Chicago, has been cited as a Communist front by the Special
Committee on Un-American Activities on March 29, 1944, and has been
refused support by the American Federation of Labor in Chicago on the
grounds of ' ' Communistic affiliations. ' ' The Daily Worker for April 21,
1946, announced that a literary criticism seminar of the Abraham Lin-
coln School would be held for the purpose of giving writers, critics, and
others interested in evaluating the Marxist criticism of literature an
opportunity to discuss the works of Albert Maltz and others.
The Los Angeles Workers' School was a Communist school directed
by Eva Shafran, a Communist organizer ; La Rue McCormick, who was
a Communist candidate for California State Senator, served on the
board of directors of the school. Albert Maltz was a lecturer at the school
during its spring and summer sessions in 1943, according to official
pamphlets of the school and also the issues of the People's World for
April 16, 1943, page 5 ; April 23, 1943, page 5 ; May 7, 1943, page 5 ;
May 13, 1943, page 5 ; May 21, 1943, page 5 ; and July 14, 1943, page 3.
The People 's Educational Center, started in Los Angeles in the fall
of 1943, is the successor to the Los Angeles Workers' School. It was cited
as a Communist-front organization by the California State Legislative
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 121
Committee on Un-American Activities, and records show that the center's
staff and faculty include numerous card-holding members of the Com-
munist Party, such as Carl Winters, Eva Shafran, Mildred Raskin, and
Bruce Minton. The People's World for December 2, 1943, reported that
the People's Educational Association, the sponsoring organization for
the People's Educational Center, met during the previous week in the
Hotel Hollywood in Los Angeles and that one of the persons representing
the association at the meeting was Albert Maltz. The same article said Mr.
Maltz urged the association to establish a Hollywood branch of the
People's Educational Center and offered for the use of such a branch the
League of American Writers School at 1717 North Vine Street. The
Labor Herald for June 1, 1945, announced that a bi-monthly forum by
the People's Educational Center was scheduled to begin on June 10,
1945, with Albert Maltz leading a discussion on "What to Do With
Germany. ' '
The Workers Book Shop, 50 East Thirteenth Street, New York City,
is headquarters of a chain of Communist bookshops, which are the official
outlets for Communist literature and at which tickets for Communist
Party and front functions customarily are sold. The New York Workers
Book Shop put out a pamphlet in 1938 entitled "Very Urgent/' which
requested money for the Workers Book Shop mural fund. Albert Maltz
was listed in the pamphlet as one of the active sponsors.
Albert Maltz has been affiliated with numerous organizations which
specialize in the defense of Communists. The International Labor Defense
has been described as the legal arm of the Communist Party by Attorney
General Biddle and has been cited for its Communist character by the
Special Committee on Un-American Activities. Prof. John Dewey 's Com-
mittee for Cultural Freedom, Massachusetts House Committee on
Un-American Activities, and the California Committee on Un-American
Activities. Equal Justice was a publication of the International Labor
Defense. Albert Maltz was one of the signers of an open letter to Attorney
General Biddle which appeared in Equal Justice for the spring of 1942.
The National Federation for Constitutional Liberties, which special-
ized in defending Communists also, was cited as a Communist front by
the Special Committee on Un-American Activities on June 25, 1942,
and March 29, 1944. Attorney General Biddle also cited the organization,
pointing out that it had defended such prominent Communists as Sam
Darcy and Robert Wood, party secretaries for Pennsylvania and Okla-
homa, respectively. An official program leaflet listed Albert Maltz as one
of the sponsors of the Conference on Constitutional Liberties in America,
which was held in Washington, D. C., June 7 through 9, 1940, and out of
which grew the organization, the National Federation for Constitutional
Liberties. Albert Maltz was listed as a sponsor of the National Federation
for Constitutional Liberties on a letterhead of the organization dated
November 6, 1940. Mr. Maltz has also signed appeals in behalf of the
Communist Party and individual Communists under the auspices of the
National Federation for Constitutional Liberties, according to the Daily
Worker for December 19, 1940, page 5, and July 19, 1942, page 4.
The Greater New York Emergency Conference on Inalienable
Rights was a Communist-front organization specializing in the defense
of Communists and closely interlocked with the National Federation for
Constitutional Liberties. The Inalienable Rights Conference was cited
122 UN- AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
for its Communist character by the Special Committee on Un-American
Activities on March 29, 1944, and by Prof. John Dewey's Committee for
Cultural Freedom in April, 1940. The New Leader for February 8, 1941,
reports that Albert Maltz was on the "Call" of the Inalienable Rights
Conference to keep the Communist Party on the state ballot in New York.
The Civil Rights Congress is the successor of the International
Labor Defense, legal arm of the Communist Party. The House Com-
mittee on Un-American Activities, in a report on September 2, 1947,
described the Civil Rights Congress as "dedicated not to the broader
issues of civil liberties, but specifically to the defense of individual Com-
munists and the Communist Party." This congress is now defending
such persons as Gerhart Eisler, agent of the Communist International,
convicted of contempt of Congress. A letterhead dated May 11, 1946,
shows that Albert Maltz is a public sponsor of an organization entitled
"Veterans Against Discrimination of Civil Rights Congress of New
York, ' ' which is an acknowledged part of the Civil Rights Congress.
The Committee for Citizenship Rights was avowedly organized to
oppose the threatened revocation of citizenship of William Schneiderman,
Communist Party organizer, according to a letter of the organization
dated January 10, 1942. It was cited as a Communist-front organization
by the Special Committee on Un-American Activities on March 29, 1944.
The same letter referred to above listed Albert Maltz as an endorser of the
Committee for Citizenship Rights.
The American Committee for Protection of the Foreign Born, which
also specializes in defending Communists, was cited as a Communist front
by the Special Committee on Un-American Activities on June 25, 1942,
and March 29, 1944, and by Prof. John Dewey's Committee for Cultural
Freedom in April, 1940. An undated leaflet of the organization shows that
Albert Maltz served on the board of directors of the American Com-
mittee for Protection of the Foreign Born. The organization defended
such foreign-born Communists as Gerhart Eisler and Harry Bridges.
The National Committee for the Defense of Political Prisoners and
the National Committee for People's Rights were cited as Communist
fronts by the Special Committee on Un-American Activities on June 25,
1942, and March 29, 1944. Attorney General Biddle (in the Congressional
Record, September 24, 1942, page 7686) stated that the "National Com-
mittee for the Defense of Political Prisoners is substantially equivalent to
International Labor Defense, legal arm of the Communist Party" ; he also
pointed out that the organization had defended such Communists as
Earl Browder and Angelo Herndon. "In January, 1938," the Attorney
General stated further, "its (National Committee for the Defense of
Political Prisoners) name was changed to the National Committee for
People 's Rights. ' ' Albert Maltz was a member of the National Committee
for the Defense of Political Prisoners, according to a list submitted by
Joseph S. Gelders, the organization's southern representative, in testify-
ing before the La Follette Committee in Washington, D. C., on January
14, 1937. The National Committee for People's Rights listed Albert
Maltz as one of the members of its national committee who was eligible
for election to its executive committee, according to a mimeographed
announcement put out by the organization in November, 1941.
International Workers Order is a fraternal organization which
Attorney General Biddle cited as "one of the strongest Communist
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 123
organizations." (Congressional Record, September 24, 1942, page 7688).
It was also cited as subversive by the Special Committee on Un-American
Activities on January 3, 1940, and June 25, 1942, by Prof. John Dewey's
Committee for Cultural Freedom in April, 1940, and by the California
Committee on Un-American Activities in 1943. New Masses for August
27, 1940, page 21, listed Albert Maltz as one of the sponsors of a plays-for-
children contest, sponsored by the junior section of the International
Workers Order.
Albert Maltz has shown an active interest in the Soviet Union. The
People's World, of March 11, 1943, carried a picture of Mr. Maltz and
described him as a famous American writer who had sent the following
telegram to the editors of National Defense, a literary magazine in Mos-
cow: " Please use my literary royalties for the defense of the Soviet
Union. Greetings. Albert Maltz." The article reflects that royalties were
due Maltz in Moscow for several works.
The Daily Worker for January 18, 1943, has an article entitled
' ' Writers of the World Meet in the Page of a Soviet Magazine, ' ' which
points out that Soviet readers are obtaining literature of American
writers through a monthly magazine published by the State Literary
Publishing House and that one of the American writers who has had
articles published in that magazine is Albert Maltz.
The Daily Worker for April 28, 1938, page 4, reflects that Albert
Maltz was a signer of a statement by the American Progressives Defend-
ing the Moscow Trials, which was the usual name affixed to a series of
trials then being held in the Soviet Union for numerous opponents of
Dictator Stalin. It has been established that these trials had for their aim
the purging of all political enemies of Josef Stalin.
Soviet Russia Today was the official monthly publication of the
Friends of the Soviet Union, a predecessor of the National Council of
American-Soviet Friendship. The magazine was cited as a Communist
front by the Special Committee on Un-American Activities on June 25,
1942, and March 29, 1944. The issue of Soviet Russia Today for Septem-
ber, 1941, page 30, carried the name of Albert Maltz as author of a state-
ment in support of the Soviet Union. The Daily Worker for September 3,
1941, in an article entitled, "Soviet Victory Vital to Preserve Cultural
Heritage, Basic Economic Values," reported that Albert Maltz was one
of a number of persons whose statements expressing their solidarity with
the Soviet Union would be published in the magazine, Soviet Russia
Today.
The National Council of American-Soviet Friendship was cited as
a Communist front by the Special Committee on Un-American Activities
on March 29, 1944. The People's World for October 23, 1943, page 3,
stated that Albert Maltz was a member of the Hollywood Motion Picture
Committee of the National Council of American-Soviet Friendship.
The American Russian Institute, which was founded in 1926 as an
allied clearing house for "factual" information on the Soviet Union,
was cited as a Communist front by the House Committee on Un-American
Activities in a report of June 12, 1947. A program put out by the Amer-
ican Russian Institute announces a premier showing of * ' Turning Point, ' '
a Soviet film, on January 3, 1947, at the Sunset Theater in Hollywood
and also announces that Albert Maltz would take part in a panel discus-
sion following the film showing.
124 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Many Communist front organizations which supported Soviet for-
eign policy have been backed by Albert Maltz. The American League
Against War and Fascism was active in support of Soviet foreign policy
against the democracies between 1932 and 1937. It has been cited by
Attorney General Biddle as an organization seeking "to create public
sentiment on behalf of a foreign policy adapted to the interests of the
Soviet Union." (Congressional Record, September 24, 1942.) The Special
Committee on tin- American Activities cited this organization as sub-
versive on January 3, 1940, and March 29, 1944. The League was dedi-
cated to an openly treasonous program. Albert Maltz has contributed
to Fight, a publication put out by the executive committee of the Amer-
ican League Against War and Fascism, according to an issue of Fight
for November, 1933, pages 8 and 9.
After the Stalin-Hitler pact was signed in 1939, the Communists
established the American Peace Mobilization, which opposed lend lease,
aid to Britain, the defense program, and picketed the White House. It
also supported a number of strikes in defense industries. The organ-
ization was cited as a Communist front by Attorney General Biddle, by
the Special Committee on Un-American Activities and by the California
Committee on Un-American Activities. An official program listed Albert
Maltz as a sponsor of a meeting held by the American Peace Mobiliza-
tion in New York City on April 5 and 6, 1941.
Among the Communist fronts that sprang up when the Soviet Union
and the United States were allies in a war against fascism was the Artists '
Front to Win the War, which made its debut at a mass meeting at Car-
negie Hall in New York City on October 16, 1942. The organization was
cited as a Communist front by the Special Committee on Un-American
Activities on March 29, 1944. The official program of the Artists' Front
to Win the War meeting at Carnegie Hall listed Albert Maltz as one of
the sponsors. The meeting supported the then current Communist line
calling for a second front.
The Win the Peace Conference was held in Washington, D. C., from
April 5 to 7, 1946, to attack American foreign policy. It was repudiated
by a number of noted sponsors and was cited as a Communist front by
the House Committee on Un- American Activities on June 12, 1947, and
September 2, 1947. The conference resulted in the formation of an organ-
ization called the National Committee to Win the Peace. Albert Maltz
was a sponsor of the Win the Peace Conference, according to an article
in the Baltimore Sunday Sun for March 31, 1946. Thus, Mr. Maltz has
publicly avowed his allegiance to the line of the Communist Party during
four distinctly divergent periods.
At the Seventh World Congress of the Communist International,
held in Moscow in 1935, George Dimitroff, general secretary, called upon
all affiliated Communist Parties to make the greatest efforts in behalf
of the campaign of the Spanish Communists who were active in Spain's
civil war. Among the projects organized by the American Communists
in response to this request was the Theater Committee for Defense of
the Spanish Kepublic.
Communist efforts in behalf of Spanish Communists continued after
the civil war ended in 1939. Among these later organizations was the
Veterans of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade which was cited for its Com-
munist character by the Special Committee on Un-American Activities
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES Iff CALIFORNIA 125
on March 29, 1944, and by Prof. John Dewey's Committee for Cultural
Freedom in April, 1940. The Abraham Lincoln Brigade was composed
largely of Americans fighting on the side of the Loyalists in Spain's
civil war. Earl Browder, former general secretary of the Communist
Party in the United States, testified before the Special Committee on
Un-American Activities that most of the members of the brigade were
Communists. The Daily Worker for February 21, 1940, listed Albert
Maltz as one of the signers of a protest to the President, which was spon-
sored by the Veterans of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade. An advertise-
ment sponsored by the Veterans of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade and
calling for a break in American relations with Spain, appeared both in
the Los Angeles Daily News for May 10, 1945, and the New York Times
for March 3, 1945, page 8. The advertisement listed Albert Maltz as one
of the sponsors. Albert Maltz is also listed as a sponsor on a letterhead
of the Veterans of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade, dated December 28,
1946 ; the letter referred to announces the opening sale of tickets for a
performance to be held at the Belasco Theater in New York on January
19, 1947, to raise funds for Republican Spain. A press release issued by
the Veterans of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade in June, 1947, requesting
United Nations action on Franco 's regime in Spain, is signed by a num-
ber of sponsors, including Albert Maltz.
A similar organization is the American Committee for Spanish
Freedom, which was avowedly organized in July, 1944, to fight for legis-
lation ending American diplomatic relations with Spain and supplying
American military aid for a Spanish revolution. Among the well-known
Communists in the leadership of the organization was Allan Chase,
secretary, who is a former Communist Party political candidate. The
organization has worked closely with the Veterans of the Abraham Lin-
coln Brigade. A letterhead of the American Committee for Spanish
Freedom, dated January 21, 1946, lists Albert Maltz as one of the
organization's sponsors. In an undated letterhead of the Los Angeles
chapter of the American Committee for Spanish Freedom, put out in
1945, the name of Albert Maltz again appears.
The Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee, which has worked in
cooperation with the Spanish-aid front organizations of the Communists,
is engaged in providing transportation and support for international
Communist agents such as Gerhart Eisler, who was recently convicted
of passport fraud. The organization was cited as a Communist front by
the Special Committee on Un-American Activities on March 29, 1944.
It was also cited for contempt of Congress on April 16, 1946, and its
leaders were convicted in a federal court on June 26, 1947. The Daily
Worker for August 12, 1943, sets forth the announcement from Dr.
Edward A. Barsky, chairman of the Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Com-
mittee, that a scroll of greetings to Spanish refugees freed from concen-
tration camps in north Africa had been signed by 200 Americans. The
list of names includes that of Albert Maltz. A letterhead, dated February
26, 1947, reflects that Albert Maltz served as a national sponsor of the
Spanish Refugee Appeal which was organized by the Joint Anti-Fascist
Refugee Committee to further its purpose of aiding international Com-
munist agents.
The American Committee for Yugoslav Relief is closely associated
with the American Slav Congress, which was cited as a Communist front
126 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
by the House Committee on Un-American Activities on June 12, 1947.
The American Committee for Yugoslav Relief is headed by Zlatko
Balokovic, who is vice president of the American-Slav Congress, with
headquarters in Moscow, and who lectured on the happiness of the
Yugoslav people under Communism after a trip to that country. An
article in the Downtown Shopping News of Los Angeles for February
13, 1945, listed Albert Maltz as one of the sponsors of the Los Angeles
American Committee for Yugoslav Relief.
The League of American Writers was an affiliate of the Interna-
tional Union of Revolutionary Writers, with headquarters in Moscow,
and the league was pledged to the defense of the Soviet Union and the
use of "art as an instrument of the class struggle." The league was
cited as a Communist front by the Special Committee on Un-American
Activities on January 3, 1940, June 25, 1942, and March 29, 1944.
Attorney General Biddle said that "the overt activities of the League
of American Writers in the last two years leave little doubt of its Com-
munist control" (Congressional Record, September 24, 1942, p. 7686).
The league was founded at a Congress of American Revolutionary
Writers held April 26 through 28, 1935, in New York City. The record
shows that Albert Maltz was one of the founders of the League of
American Writers.
Albert Maltz was a member of the executive committee of the first
writers' congress which resulted in the formation of the League of
American Writers in 1935, according to the California Committee on
Un-American Activities (1945 report, p. 126).
The Bureau of Corporations, Department of State of New York,
indicated that at the time of the formal incorporation of the League of
American Writers on July 13, 1939, one of the original directors to
act until the first annual meeting was Albert Maltz, whose address was
given as 3905 Forty-fourth Street, Sunnyside, Long Island, N. Y.
Albert Maltz presented a reading of ' ' The Working Class Theatre ' '
at the first writers' congress in 1935, according to the Daily Worker for
for April 29, 1935, pages 1 and 2.
Albert Maltz was described as "among the most popular authors
in the Soviet Union today" by the president of the League of American
Writers at the opening of the Third American Writers Congress, accord-
ing to Volume 6, No. 1, of the league 's organ, The Bulletin. Albert Maltz
was one of the signers of the call for the Third American Writers Con-
gress which was held by the League of American Writers on June 2, 3,
and 4, 1939, according to the magazine, Direction, for May-June, 1939,
page 1. The official program of the Third Writers Congress showed that
Mr. Maltz also served as cochairman of the arrangements committee
on the drama.
The Daily Worker for March 14, 1941, in an article headed "Writ-
ers' League plans summer conference," stated that the League of
American Writers had completed plans for the first White Mountain
Writers Conference, August 18th to September 2d, at Jefferson, N. H.,
and that Albert Maltz would be included among the lecturers. The New
Masses for April 8, 1941, page 26, carried the same information about
Mr. Maltz.
The People's World, official west coast Communist newspaper, on
June 13, 1941, announced that Albert Maltz had been chosen vice presi-
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 127
dent of the League of American Writers at the fourth congress of the
organization, held in New York, June 6 through 8, 1941. Mr. Maltz was
also listed as a vice president of the organization in New Masses, June
17, 1941, page 9 ; Daily Worker, September 14, 1942, page 7 ; and Peo-
ple 's World, September 23, 1942, page 5. The writers' congress in June
of 1941 adopted a firm" antiwar stand, according to the Daily Worker
for June 9, 1941. This was still during the period of the Stalin-Hitler
pact, and was part of the Communist Party line.
The People's World for June 28, 1941, carried an article entitled,
"Writers Hear Soviet War Against Nazis Lauded," which described
the sixth semiannual meeting of the Hollywood Branch of the League
of American Writers. Albert Maltz and others made speeches lauding
the Soviet Union. The Nazis had turned against Russia since the fourth
writers' congress and the policies of the League of American Writers
were switched accordingly. This is further borne out by the Daily
Worker of July 24, 1941, which tells how the League of American Writ-
ers, of which Maltz is vice president, pledged "full aid to Britain and
Soviet Union" and the Daily Worker of December 10, 1941, which tells
how the league, in which Maltz is again listed as vice president, has
offered the service of its members in the war against the Axis.
The People's World for June 24, 1942, described a writers' work-
shop conference held by the League of American Writers. The article
listed Albert Maltz as a sponsor of the League of American Writers.
The article listed Albert Maltz as a sponsor of the conference and said
resolutions adopted by the conference included support for the Com-
munist Harry Bridges and a request for immediate opening of a second
front in Europe.
The Daily Worker for September 29, 1942, in an article entitled
* ' Writers Defend Minority Rights, ' ' reports that the League of Ameri-
can Writers had made public a text of a telegram requesting a Demo-
cratic candidate for Governor in the State of New York to state his
position on attacks by the American Legion on the electoral rights of
the Communist Party. Albert Maltz' name is again carried as an officer
of the league.
Albert Maltz was listed as president of the west coast chapter of
the League of American Writers in a pamphlet advertising courses for
the fall term (1943) of the League of American Writers' School for
Writers. Maltz wrote the foreword to the pamphlet.
An undated bulletin of the League of American Writers listed
Albert Maltz as a member of the national board of the organization.
Albert Maltz himself, in testimony before the California Committee
on Un-American Activities on October 13, 1944, admitted that he had
been and still was national vice president of the League of American
Writers, although the organization, he said, was not functioning at the
time of his testimony. He also admitted that he was president of the
Hollywood chapter of the League of American Writers.
The Hollywood Writers Mobilization was the name given to the
Hollywood League of American Writers after the League of American
Writers could no longer conceal its Communist domination. The original
pledge of the league to defend the Soviet Union and to use "art as an
instrument of the class struggle" is now the basis upon which the
policies of the Hollywood Writers Mobilization are founded. The issue
128 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
of Variety for July 10, 1944, listed Albert Maltz as one of the speakers
at a meeting of the Hollywood Writers Mobilization, held July 7, 1944 ;
at this meeting the mobilization agreed to serve as a story department
for the Overseas Film Branch of OWL The Guild Bulletin, official organ
of the Screen Writers Guild, in its issue No. 71, dated October 1, 1944,
page 5, announced that Albert Maltz was one of the Hollywood Writers
Mobilization members writing scripts for OWI. Variety for October 18,
1944, said that Albert Maltz would serve on a special research committee
which the Hollywood Writers Mobilization was setting up to investi-
gate whether the California Committee on Un-American Activities had
ignored mandates of the Legislature. Albert Maltz personally testified
that he was a member of the Hollywood Writers Mobilization when he
appeared before the California Committee on Un-American Activities
on October 13, 1944.
The New Theatre was the official monthly magazine of the League
of Workers Theatres, a section of the International Union of Revolu-
tionary Theatre, with headquarters in Moscow. The league was used to
present Communist propaganda plays and to raise funds for Communist
purposes; it was succeeded in January, 1935, by the New Theatre
League, which had similar aims. The magazine, New Theatre, was cited
as a Communist front by the Special Committee on Un-American Activi-
ties on March 29, 1944. The New Theatre League was cited for its Com-
munist character by the Special Committee on Un-American Activities
on March 29, 1944, and by Prof. John Dewey's Committee for Cultural
Freedom in April, 1940. In the January, 1936, issue of New Theatre, the
statement, "We are proud that among those who have associated them-
selves with us in the creation of the New Theatre are : " is followed by a
list of names including that of Albert Maltz. The New Theatre League, in
a press release dated November 8, 1935, stated that Albert Maltz had been
awarded first place in a play contest for a one-act antiwar or "anti-
Fascist" play, sponsored by the New Theatre League and the American
League Against War and Fascism (which organization has been referred
to above). Mr. Maltz's prize-winning play was entitled "Private Hicks."
This play was praised in the Daily Worker for February 7, 1939, page 7,
which stated that "Private Hicks" owed its start to the New Theatre
League. The Daily Worker for January 8, 1936, page 3, reported that
the New Theatre League was producing "The Black Pit," written by
Albert Maltz. The New Theatre of Philadelphia, in an announcement
distributed by that organization during a Paul Robeson concert at the
Philadelphia Academy of Music on March 7, 1941, stated that the theater
organization would produce "Zero Hour," written by Albert Maltz and
George Sklar. The Daily Worker for June 10, 1938, page 7, listed Albert
Maltz as a guest at a meeting of the New Theatre League. Mr. Maltz has
contributed to New Theatre magazine, according to the issue for May
1935, page 8.
The Theatre Union was one of the affiliates of the League of Workers
Theatres, which in turn was tied to the Moscow-directed International
Union of the Revolutionary Theatre. Theatre Union reflected the cur-
rent line of the Communist Party in its propaganda and was used to raise
funds for the Communist purposes. A leaflet of the organization listed
Albert Maltz as a member of the executive board of the Theatre Union.
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 129
Frontier Films produced and distributed pro-Communist films,
including a film on the Communist-led strike at the Allis-Chalmers plant
in Milwaukee. The organization was headed by the following contributors
to the Communist press : Kyle Crichton, alias Robert Forsythe ; Irving
Lerner ; Clifford Odets ; Edwin Rolfe ; and George Seldes. It was cited for
its Communist character by the Special Committee on Un-American
Activities on March 29, 1944, and by Prof. John Dewey's Committee for
Cultural Freedom in April, 1940. The Daily Worker for April 6, 1937,
page 9, listed Albert Maltz as a staff member of Frontier Films.
Actors Laboratory is a training school for actors in Hollywood whose
officers have lengthy records of Communist-front activity as evidenced
in attached reports; such officers include Roman Bohnen, chairman;
Larry Parks, treasurer ; Morris Carnovsky, Jules Dassin, Edward Dmy-
tryk, members of the executive board. The organization cooperated with
the Hollywood Writers Mobilization which has been described above.
The issue of Variety for August 16, 1944, carried an advertisement
regarding the Actors Laboratory which was endorsed by 30 individuals,
including Albert Maltz.
The Independent Citizens Committee of the Arts, Sciences, and
Professions has been charged with being Communist dominated by
Harold Ickes and other liberals who previously had supported it. It was
cited as a Communist front by the House Committee on Un-American
Activities on September 2, 1947. A leaflet put out by the organization in
1945 listed Albert Maltz as one of the sponsors of the Independent
Citizens Committee of the Arts, Sciences, and Professions. New Masses
for March 13, 1945, states that the magazine, Independent, is an organ
of the independent Citizens Committee and that Albert Maltz is one of
the contributing editors to the publication.
The Independent Citizens Committee of the Arts, Sciences, and
Professions split after Harold Ickes and other liberals condemned the
organization as Communist-dominated. The pro-Communist section, after
the split, formed the Progressive Citizens of America. The Progressive
Citizens of America was cited as a Communist front by the House Com-
mittee on Un-American Activities in a report of June 12, 1947. The Daily
Worker for May 16, 1947, page 11, announced that the manuscript of
Albert Maltz's novel, "The Cross and the Arrow/' would be auctioned
off on May 18, 1947, at the Hotel Brevoort in New York City for the
benefit of the literary division of the Progressive Citizens of America.
The Daily Worker of July 5, 1947, page 11, published a photo of Albert
Maltz with the announcement that Mr. Maltz would participate in a con-
ference to be held July 9 through 13, 1947, in the Beverly Hills Hotel,
Hollywood, under the auspices of the Hollywood Arts, Sciences, and
Professions Council of the Progressive Citizens of America. The Daily
Worker for July 31, 1947, page 11, reprinted part of a speech which the
newspaper said Albert Maltz had given ' ' recently ' ' in Los Angeles at a
meeting under the auspices of the Progressive Citizens of America.
The American Committee of Jewish Writers, Artists, and Scientists,
Inc., was a smaller, more specialized version of the Independent Citizens
Committee of the Arts, Sciences, and Professions, which has been pre-
viously referred to. The American Committee of Jewish Writers, Artists,
and Scientists, Inc., was affiliated with the Jewish Anti-Fascists Com-
mittee of the Soviet Union and it also published a magazine, New Cur-
10— L-7088-D
130 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
rents, which had the approval of the Jewish Commission of the Com-
munist Party. The People's World for June 29, 1944, announced that a
Hollywood chapter of the American Committee of Jewish Writers,
Artists, and Scientists was being organized and that Albert Maltz was
among the members of the organizing committee. Albert Maltz was
listed as a member of the advisory board of New Currents, in the Decem-
ber 1944 issue of the publication.
The Jewish People's Fraternal Order is an affiliate of the Inter-
national "Workers' Order, a Communist-front organization previously
referred to. The Jewish People's Fraternal Order is headed by Albert E.
Kahn, one of the leaders of the Communist Party in New York. The
People's World for September 14, 1945, carried an advertisement
announcing that a rally would be held on September 15, 1945, at the
Embassy Auditorium in Los Angeles under the auspices of the Jewish
People 's Fraternal Order, 257 South Spring Street, Los Angeles. Albert
Maltz was announced as one of the speakers. The People's World for
September 5, 1947, page 5, listed Albert Maltz as one of the participants
in a program sponsored by the Jewish People's Fraternal Order to be
held September 7, 1947, at the Philharmonic Auditorium in Los Angeles.
The American Youth for Democracy is the official successor of the
Young Communist League. It has been the subject of a report by the
House Committee on Un-American Activities which described its char-
acter in detail. Its * l sinister purposes ' ' have been denounced by the Direc-
tor of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (Congressional Record, March
24, 1947, p. A1298). The People's World for December 1, 1944, reflects
that Albert Maltz is a sponsor of the American Youth for Democracy. A
letter of the organization announcing a meeting for October 21, 1945, in
Los Angeles shows that Albert Maltz was one of the sponsors of the meet-
ing. A leaflet announcing a dinner to be held under the auspices of the
American Youth for Democracy on December 16, 1945, at the Ambassador
Hotel in Los Angeles records the name of Albert Maltz as a member of the
dinner committee.
The National Committee Against Censorship of the Theater Arts
was formed when the introduction of Communist propaganda themes in
federal theater projects aroused considerable public criticism and an
investigation in Congress. The National Committee defended such Com-
munist propaganda. Represented in the organization were the Commu-
nist Party and the International Labor Defense, the Communist Party's
legal arm. Albert Maltz was a member of the National Committee Against
Censorship of the Theater Arts, according to the pamphlet entitled
"Censored."
Book and Magazine Guild was a local of the Communist- dominated
United Office and Professional Workers of America, operating in the book
and magazine field. The Book and Magazine Guild interceded in behalf
of Morris U. Schappes, an avowed Communist teacher convicted of per-
jury in New York, according to the Daily Worker for September 23, 1941,
page 3. A pamphlet put out by the Book and Magazine Guild, 239 Fourth
Avenue, New York City, dated winter 1940, and entitled, "Courses for
Publishing Employes," listed a course, "The Writer and Organization,"
given by Albert Maltz.
Albert Maltz is a member of the Screen Writers Guild, according
to the sworn testimony of Emmet t Lavery, guild president, before the
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 131
California Committee on Un-American Activities (1947 report, p. 283).
The Screen Writers Guild participated in the Hollywood Writers Mobi-
lization, an organization previously referred to. John Howard Lawson,
identified by the Daily Worker for August 23, 1937, page 7, as a Commu-
nist Party member, is a leading figure in the Screen Writers Guild.
The National Council for Public Morale was headed by Arthur
Upham Pope, the official American biographer of the Soviet Union. The
Washington Post for May 23, 1943, states that Arthur Upham Pope of
the National Council for Public Morale had made public an open letter
to the President requesting war on Finland. Albert Maltz was reported as
one of the signers of the open letter.
The People's Institute of Applied Religion has been described by
the Special Committee on Un-American Activities as a Communist effort
to gain a foothold in the South by exploiting the well-known religious
attachments of that section of the country. The organization is headed by
Claude C. Williams, who the Daily Worker has reported was discharged
from the church on charges of Communism in 1934. An undated letter-
head of the People's Institute of Applied Religion, with headquarters
in Birmingham, Ala., lists the name of Albert Maltz among its sponsors.
The Daily Worker for August 25, 1947, page 11, described with
acclaim the filming of the new movie, " Naked City," at that time on loca-
tion in New York City ; the newspaper listed Albert Maltz as one of the
writers of the screen play for the movie.
Albert Maltz' writings in the Daily Worker have also reflected his
faithfulness to the Communist Party line. In the Daily Worker for
December 16, 1933, page 7, Mr. Maltz and playwright, George Sklar,
with whom Mr. Maltz has collaborated in writing plays, are the joint
authors of an article entitled "The Need for a Workers Theater." The
article calls the existing Broadway theater "a sterile theater" and states :
1 i It 's time we had a theater which will reflect the fact that we 're liv-
ing in a certain type of society, a society gripped by the most severe eco-
nomic crisis that capitalism has known. " The article pointed out that the
professional bourgeois theater would become more and more a theater of
escape as ' ' the class struggle deepens. ' ' It then goes on to say : ' * This is
not so in the Soviet Union. We see there an interest in the art of the thea-
ter such as the world has never known before. We see a theatrical center
in every city, in every factory, in every village. Why ? Because the Soviet
theater is not a theater of the privileged class but the theater of a whole
country, of a whole people. And it is a vital theater because it belongs to
those who are building a new society and not to those who are clinging to
a dead one. The future of the theater in America lies in the creation of a
workers ' theater. ' '
AMERICAN COMMITTEE FOR YUGOSLAV RELIEF
This Communist front group is organized to support the dictatorship
of the Soviet puppet Tito. It is headed by the notorious pro-Communist,
pro-Soviet, Louis Adamic. Zlatko Balokovic is co-chairman. Rockwell
Kent, Max Bedacht, Walter B. Cannon, Jo Davidson, Mrs. Elinor S.
Gimbel, Johannes Steel, Dr. Emmanuel Chapman, Mary McLeod
Bethune, Lion Feuchtwanger, William S. Gailmor, Marshall Field, Mrs.
Edward C. Carter and Hugh De Lacy are among the national pro-Com-
munist figures interested in the American Committee for Yugoslav Relief.
132 TIN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Local branches have been established throughout the country.
The Los Angeles headquarters of the American Committee for Yugo-
slav Relief is located at 808 South Vermont Avenue, Room 3, telephone
DRexel 1227, according to the organization 's letterhead. Judge Lester W.
Roth is listed as the chairman. Lee Bachelis is the treasurer and Bonnie
Claire is the director of the California Division.
The committee sponsors include Prof. Thomas Addis, Howard Bay,
Maurice Becker, William Rose Benet, Elmer A. Benson, Miller Brand,
Anne Burr, Eddie Cantor, John M. Coffee, Floyd C. Covington, Joseph
Curran, Bishop Ralph S. Cushman, Helen Gahagan Douglas, C. M. Dyk-
stra, Dr. Leo Eloesser, Howard Fast, Waldo Frank, Leverett L. Gleason,
William Gropper, Langston Hughes, Rex Ingram, George Jessel, Albert
E. Kahn, Kenneth MacGowan, Albert Maltz, Dr. Thomas Mann, Vito
Marcantonio, Dorothy Parker, Bishop Edward L. Parsons, Edward G.
Robinson, Sydney Roger, Lisa Sergio, Gale Sondergaard, Maxwell S.
Stewart, Dalton Trumbo, Mary Van Kleeck, Walter Wanger, Harry F.
Ward, Rabbi J. Max Weis, Orson Welles, and Dr. Henry N. Wieman.
The name, Dalton Trumbo, will be found on the letterheads of many
Communist front organizations. Louis J. Russell testified before the
Thomas Committee in Washington, D. C., October 28, 1947, that Dalton
Trumbo is a member of the Communist Party and that the Communist
Party card for 1944, issued to Dalton Trumbo, is numbered 47187. The
address of Dalton Trumbo, given on the card, is 620 Beverly Drive, Bev-
erly Hills, California. The card contained a notation which read "New
Card issued November 30, 1944. "
Dalton Trumbo 's Communist record, as set forth in the congressional
report, above referred to, at page 335, checks with the record of Dalton
Trumbo in the Senate Committee 's files. The record is as follows :
According to the Hollywood Reporter, August 22, 1946, well-known
trade publication of the motion-picture industry, Dalton Trumbo was
asked if he was the holder of Communist Party Book No. 36802. The com-
mittee knows of no denial by Mr. Trumbo of this fact. He has, however,
openly endorsed Communist candidates, Communist legal defendants,
and has openly cooperated with the Communist legal defendants, and has
openly cooperated with the Communist Party and its instruments.
According to the Los Angeles Times of November 2, 1942, Mr. Trumbo
endorsed Mrs. La Rue McCormick, Communist candidate for State Sen-
ator. In a speech quoted in the Worker of June 22, 1947, page 11 (maga-
zine), Mr. Trumbo is quoted as follows :
' ' And the defense of the rights of the Communist Party, and of
all real or alleged Communists, is the duty not only of liberals and
progressives, but all men and women who have love for their country
and respect for its Constitution."
At an official meeting of the Communist Party featuring as its chief
speaker, William Z. Foster, Party Chairman, the poem, "Confessional,"
by Dalton Trumbo, was presented, according to the People's World of
September 10, 1947, page 4.
In April, 1940, during the period of the Stalin-Hitler pact when the
Communist Party was actively denouncing President Roosevelt as a
war-monger, and agitating against lend-lease and the defense program,
the Daily Worker published in serial form Dalton Trumbo 's antiwar
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 133
story entitled ' ' Johnny Got His Gun. ' ' This book was widely sold at all
Communist Party book shops and also extensively circulated at meetings
of the American Peace Mobilization. A synopsis of this story appeared
in the People's World of May 22, 1940, page 8. The story also appeared
serially in the Daily Worker of April, 1940. Both of these papers are
official Communist Party organizations. Mr. Trumbo has been a con-
tributor to the New Masses, official Communist Party weekly magazine,
according to its issues of April 15, 1941, page 13, and September 26, 1944,
page 28. The New Masses has been cited as a Communist periodical by
Attorney General Biddle, according to the Congressional Record of Sep-
tember 24, 1942. It has been cited as a Communist magazine by the Special
Committee on un-American Activities on June 24, 1942, and March 29,
1944. According to the People's World on July 16, 1943, Mr. Trumbo
was a member of a committee to sell paintings at an auction for the benefit
of the New Masses, which was held in Hollywood. Mainstream is a Com-
munist quarterly magazine specializing in the literary field. It is being
actively promoted by the official Communist press at the present time.
Mr. Trumbo is listed in the winter 1947 issue of Mainstream as a member
of its editorial board. It should be noted in this connection that it has been
a long-standing practice for Communist publications to utilize only
Communists as staff members and frequent contributors.
Mr. Trumbo has made it a practice to appear in defense of Com-
munist cases. He defended Harry Bridges, according to the Los Angeles
Examiner of May 25, 1941. Bridges was cited as a member of the Com-
munist Party by the Daily Worker, the official Communist organ. Mr.
Trumbo was at a testimonial dinner in behalf of Harry Bridges at Park
Manor Hotel, Los Angeles, on April 12, 1941, according to the San Die-go
Labor Union Weekly of April 18, 1941. Jesus Hernandez Tomas, a lead-
ing Spanish Communist, was barred from entry to this country by the
State Department. Dalton Trumbo enlisted in his defense, according to
the People's World of November 30, 1943. Mr. Trumbo was also the
author of a pamphlet entitled "Harry Bridges/' which was written for
defense purposes. According to the New York Times of December 22,
1943, page 40, Mr. Trumbo was a signer of a declaration issued by the
so-called Reichstag Fire Trial Anniversary Committee honoring George
Dimitrov, former general secretary of the Communist International.
The American Peace Mobilization was organized by the American
Peace Crusade. Attorney General Biddle has stated that: "The most
conspicuous activity of the American Peace Mobilization was the picket-
ing of the White House, which began in April, 1941, in protest against
lend-lease and the entire national defense program. On the afternoon of
June 21, 1941, he (Frederick V. Field, national secretary) suddenly
called off the picket line around the White House" (Congressional
Record, September 24, 1942). Mr. Trumbo was a speaker at a mass meet-
ing held under the auspices of the American Peace Crusade on April 6,
1940, according to the New Masses of August 6, 1940, page 22. He was a
speaker at a peace rally at the Los Angeles Olympic Auditorium of April
6, 1940. He was also a speaker for the American Peace Mobilization at
the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles on February 24, 1941. Mr. Trumbo
was the author of a skit which was presented at a meeting of the American
Peace Mobilization in Los Angeles on February 24, 1941.
134 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
The International Workers Order has been cited by Attorney Gen-
eral Biddle as ''one of the strongest Communist organizations" (Con-
gressional Record, September 24, 1942). This organization has consist-
ently supported Communist candidates, the Communist press and Com-
munist campaigns. It was cited as a Communist front by the Special
Committee on un-American Activities on January 3, 1940, and June 25,
1942. According to the People's World of May 28, 1943, page 3, Mr.
Trumbo was a speaker for the International Workers Order.
The American Youth for Democracy, according to the official state-
ments of its leaders, was formerly the Young Communist League. On
April 17, 1947, the Committee on un-American Activities issued a report
on the American Youth for Democracy in which it called upon the
governors or legislatures of the various states and the administrative
heads of the colleges and universities "to thoroughly expose the Com-
munist connections of the American Youth for Democracy as well as
the inimical objectives of the Communist Party in America." The Con-
gressional Record of March 24, 1947, page A-1298, contains a statement
made by the Honorable J. Edgar Hoover, Director of the Federal Bureau
of Investigation, in which he spoke of the American Youth for Democracy
as the organization "which conceals the evils and the corruption of
American Communism. This name is but a new one for the former
Young Communist League. It reflects all the sinister purposes of the
Communist' Party of the United States. It employs the same techniques
and has the same objectives, namely the conversion of our haven of
liberty and freedom to worship as we choose to a godless, totalitarian
state where the adversaries of democracy can do as they please." The
American Youth for Democracy was also cited as a Communist front by
the Special Committee on un-American Activities in the report of March
29, 1944. According to the letterhead of the American Youth for
Democracy for December 1, 1944, Dalton Trumbo was a sponsor.
The Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee is engaged in providing
transportation and support for international Communist agents such as
Gerhart Eisler. The Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee was cited for
contempt of Congress on April 16, 1946, and its members were convicted
in a federal court on June 27, 1947. According to a letterhead dated
February 26, 1946, issued by the Spanish Refugee Appeal of the Joint
Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee, Mr. Trumbo was a national sponsor.
Mr. Trumbo is also listed as a sponsor of a dinner held by the Joint Anti-
Fascist Refugee Committee at the Hotel Astor in New York City on
October, 27, 1943, according to its printed invitation.
The National Federation for Constitutional Liberties has been cited
by Attorney General Biddle as part of the "Communist solar system"
and he stated that "The defense of Communist leaders such as Sam
Darcy and Robert Wood, party secretaries for Pennsylvania and Okla-
homa, have been major efforts of the federation" (Congressional Record,
September 24, 1942). This organization has been cited as a Communist
front by the Special Committee on un-American Activities on June 25,
1944, and March 29, 1944. Mr. Trumbo signed an open letter published
by the National Federation for Constitutional Liberties under the title
of "600 Prominent Americans."
The Sleepy Lagoon Defense Committee was an auxiliary of the
International Labor Defense, properly termed by Attorney General
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 135
Biddle as the " legal arm of the Communist Party. " According to a
letterhead of this defense committee, dated August 9, 1944, Mr. Trumbo
was a sponsor.
The League of American Writers was the American affiliate of the
International Union of Revolutionary Writers, with headquarters in
Moscow. It has been cited as a Communist front by the Special Com-
mittee on un-American Activities on January 3, 1940, June 25, 1942,
and March 29, 1944. It has also been cited as under Communist auspices
by Attorney General Biddle in the Congressional Record of September*
24, 1942. The organization has been pledged to the defense of the Soviet
Union and "use of art as an instrument of the class struggle." The
Daily Worker of September 5, 1940, page 7, lists Mr. Trumbo as a
member of the League of American Writers. The League of American
Writers held a conference in Hollywood on June 20-21, 1942. According
to the People's World of June 10, 1942, June 17, 1942, Mr. Trumbo was
head of one of its speakers panels. According to People's World of
March 31, 1943, page 5, Mr. Trumbo lectured at a conference sponsored
by the West Coast Chapter of the League of American Writers, during
the summer of 1942 in Hollywood. He was also a contributor to a maga-
zine called "Clipper" published by the League of American Writers.
The Writers Congress held on October 1, 2, 3, 1943, was sponsored
by the Hollywood Writers Mobilization, successor to the Hollywood
Branch of the League of American Writers, which has been cited as a
Communist front by the Special Committee on Un-American Activities
and by Attorney General Biddle and the Committee for Cultural Free-
dom, headed by Prof. John Dewey. Mr. Trumbo was an active participant
in one of the panels of the Writers Congress, according to the People's
World of October 13, 1943, page 5.
The Hollywood Writers Mobilization previously known as the
Hollywood Chapter of the League of American Writers, arranged a
series of forums at the El Patio Theater in Hollywood, beginning Decem-
ber 2, 1946. Mr. Trumbo was a speaker at these forums.
The Hollywood Forum was held under the auspices of the Daily
People 's World, official west coast organ of the Communist Party, accord-
ing to the Daily Worker of April 15, 1946, page 11. Mr. Trumbo was a
speaker at a forum meeting held on April 9, 1946.
The Hollywood Democratic Committee was the successor to the
Hollywood Anti-Nazi League which was organized by Isaac Romaine,
alias V. J. Jerome, member of the Central Committee of the Communist
Party. The Hollywood Anti-Nazi League dissolved during the time of
the Stalin-Hitler pact. According to the People's World of August 3,
1943, page 38, Mr. Trumbo made a collection speech in behalf of the
Hollywood Democratic Committee.
The Motion Picture Democratic Committee was cited as a Com-
munist front by the California Joint Fact-Finding Committee on
Un-American Activities in the 1943 report, and by the House Committee
on Un-American Activities on September 2, 1947. Melvyn Douglas and
Philip Dunne resigned from the executive board on the Motion Picture
Democratic Committee because of its Communist control. According to
the bulletin of the Motion Picture Democratic Committee, dated March
26, 1940, Mr. Trumbo was a speaker at its meeting held on April 6, 1940.
136 UN- AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
His subject was "America Declares Peace. " This meeting was held dur-
ing the period of the Stalin-Hitler pact.
According to the Daily Worker of October 7, 1942, page 7, Mr.
Trumbo was a sponsor of the Artists ' Front to Win the War. The Artists '
Front to Win the War was an organization which supported the then
current Communist demand for a second front. Many of its sponsors
were writers for the Communist press who had opposed the war during
the Stalin-Hitler pact, such as Alvah Bessie, Angelo Herndon, Alfred
Kreymborg, Albert Maltz, and Ruth McKenney. On September 14, 1942,
a meeting was held by the so-called Citizens for Victory Committee at
the Philharmonic Auditorium in Los Angeles. Mr. Trumbo was the author
of a six-page article entitled "An Open Letter to American People/'
which was distributed at this meeting, urging the readers to petition and
wire the President for the opening of a second front.
Another Communist promoted enterprise was the so-called Council
for Civic Unity. The People's World, official west coast Communist organ,
for April 28, 1944, mentioned that Dalton Trumbo made a collection
speech for this organization which netted $3,000. A similar group, known
as the Academic and Civil Rights Council, mentions Dalton Trumbo as
a speaker in the People's World of January 2, 1941. Affiliated with the
Council for Civic Unity were the following Communist groups : Amer-
ican Youth for Democracy, formerly known as the Young Communist
League ; Morning Freiheit Association, supporting the Morning Freiheit,
Yiddish organ of the Communist Party; the International Workers
Order, and other organizations.
Paul Robeson, who has a long record of Communist affiliations, was
the moving spirit in what was known as American Crusade to End
Lynching which organized a pilgrimage to Washington, D. C., for Sep-
tember 23, 1946. This venture was actively supported by the Communist
press. Mr. Trumbo was a signer of the call for this pilgrimage, which was
another example of Communist efforts to organize mass marches and
mass demonstrations on capital cities.
According to the People's World of January 15, 1941, page 5, Mr.
Trumbo was listed as a speaker at a banquet sponsored by the Northern
California Civil Rights Council, held at Whitcomb Hotel in San Francisco
on January 18, 1941. This meeting was primarily concerned with efforts
to defend the Communist Party and Communist cases. Mr. Trumbo also
took part in a series of meetings held about May 10, 1942, for the purpose
of launching a committee to free Earl Browder.
According to the program of a members ' meeting of the Hollywood
Arts, Sciences and Professional Council, of September 17, 1947, Mr.
Trumbo was listed as a speaker. The Hollywood Arts, Sciences, and Pro-
fessional Council is a branch of the Progressive Citizens of America
which was formed by the left wing group of the ICCASP after the latter
organization was dissolved when its Communist denominations could no
longer be concealed.
The People 's Daily World, official Communist Party publication on
the west coast, dated May 2, 1947, listed Dalton Trumbo as one of the
sponsors of the Los Angeles Chapter of the Civil Rights Congress.
The Worker, official publication of the Communist Party, dated
September 22, 1946, published a picture of the editor and editorial board
of a new magazine entitled "Mainstream," which was referred to as a
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 137
' ' Marxist literary magazine. ' ' Dalton Trumbo, whose picture appeared
with this article, was stated to be a member of the board of directors.
A circular announcing a "People's Rally for Peace, " meeting at
the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles on April 24, 1941, under the
auspices of the American Peace Mobilization, listed Dalton Trumbo as
one of the speakers. The purpose of this meeting, according to the circular,
was to urge the defeat of the House of Representatives bill for lend-lease.
The People's Daily World, a Communist newspaper for the west
coast, dated July 15, 1941, states that Trumbo was in attendance at a
meeting of the American Peace Mobilization held at the Hollywood Town
Forum, Hollywood, California, on May 17, 1941.
The Daily Worker, dated June 20, 1941, listed Trumbo as a speaker
at a Free Speech Rally sponsored by the Southern California Branch of
the National Federation for Constitutional Liberties held at the Embassy
Auditorium in Los Angeles, June 18, 1941.
The Clipper, official magazine of the League of American Writers,
described above, for the month of August, 1941, stated that Dalton
Trumbo had been a contributor for the past 12 issues of this magazine.
A circular advertising the School for Writers sponsored by the
Hollywood Chapter of the League of American Writers for the 1941-42
term mentioned Dalton Trumbo as a lecturer.
The People's Daily World, dated March 31, 1943, in an article
entitled ' ' Young Writers Develop Technique in Workshop, ' ' stated that
Dalton Trumbo participated in the writers conference held during
December, 1942, under the slogan "The Pen is a Sword," in which
beginners, veteran screen writers, novelists, poets, and writers in every
medium discussed just how each writer could make his pen a weapon for
democracy. The article further stated that the conference was called by
the Writers Workshop, which was sponsored by the League of American
Writers.
The Screen Writer, the official publication of the Screen Writers
Guild, for the month of June, 1946, published an edited transcript of an
informal discussion held under the auspices of the Hollywood Writers
Mobilization between the noted Russian writer Konstantin Simonov and
members of the Screen Writers Guild. The forum was presided over by
Dalton Trumbo.
The California Eagle, dated March 7, 1946, listed Dalton Trumbo as
one of the sponsors of the American Youth for Democracy, formerly the
Young Communist League, dance held in Los Angeles on March 4, 1946,
for the benefit of the United Electrical Workers who were on strike. This
is a Communist-controlled union.
A pamphlet advertising the "Salute to Young America" program
under the auspices of the American Youth for Democracy to be held at
the Hotel Hollywood, Hollywood, California, on December 1, 1944,
listed Dalton Trumbo as a member of the sponsoring committee and Mrs.
Trumbo as secretary of the committee.
The People's Daily World for December 5, 1944, stated that Trumbo
was a speaker at the above meeting.
A pamphlet advertising the ' ' Youth Conference ' ' under sponsorship
of the American Youth for Democracy, scheduled for October 21, 1945,
at the Los Angeles City College, listed Dalton Trumbo as a sponsor.
138 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
A printed advertisement announcing a "Welcome Home, Joe"
dinner sponsored by the Los Angeles County American Youth for Democ-
racy, scheduled to be held December 16, 1945, listed Dalton Trumbo as
one of the dinner committee members. This meeting was advertised to be
held at the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles, California.
The Daily Worker, dated October 19, 1942, listed Dalton Trumbo as
a sponsor of a dinner under the auspices of the Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee
Committee to be held at the Astor Hotel, New York City, on October 27,
1942. This organization has been described above.
A pamphlet issued by the Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee,
dated October 21, 1944, listed Dalton Trumbo as one of the national
sponsors of this organization.
Letterheads of the Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee, 192 Lex-
ington Avenue, New York City, obtained for the years 1945, and 1946,
also listed Dalton Trumbo as a national sponsor of this organization.
The Daily Worker, dated September 16, 1944, in an article entitled
1 'Film Front," lists Dalton Trumbo as being affiliated with the Holly-
wood Democratic Committee. This organization has been described above.
The Daily Worker, dated November 22, 1944, stated that Dalton
Trumbo was elected to the board of directors of the Screen Writers Guild.
The Screen Writer, official publication of the Screen Writers Guild,
in the 1946 issues reflected that Dalton Trumbo was the editor of the
Screen Writer.
A proposal appeared in the Screen Writer, edited by Dalton Trumbo,
July issue, 1946, for an American Authors' Authority. According to this
report, the authority is to be a marketing monopoly which will copyrighl
and lease to users all writings by American authors. It is to begin with
scripts for screen and radio and articles for magazines. By controlling
this lucrative field, the authority will be the exclusive agent for America 7s
most successful writers.
A letterhead for the People's Educational Center, dated January 11,
1945, announced the second annual meeting of the People 's Educational
Center, a Communist school, at the Shoreham Hotel, Los Angeles, Cali-
fornia, on January 21, 1945. The announcement listed Dalton Trumbo
as a speaker during the evening session on the subject, "Role of the
Motion Picture in Shaping the Future. ' '
Page 33 of the report of the California State Legislature's Joint
Fact-Finding Committee on Un-American Activities, dated 1947, classi-
fies the People's Educational Center as a Communist front.
The People's Daily World, dated July 22, 1946, published a photo-
graph of Dalton Trumbo along with an article stating that Trumbo would
be "an inaugural guest speaker Saturday evening, August 10, 1946, at
the California Labor School Summer Term for White Collar and Pro-
fessional Workers on the Monterey Peninsula. " The article further stated
that reservations would be accepted at the California Labor School, 216
Market Street, San Francisco, California.
Page 101 of the report of the California State Legislature's Joint
Fact-Finding Committee on Un-American Activities, dated 1947, lists
the California Labor School as a Communist School.
The Daily Variety, a Hollywood trade magazine, for the month of
June, 1945, listed Dalton Trumbo as a member of the executive council
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 139
of the Hollywood Independent Citizens Committee of the Arts, Sciences,
and Professions. This organization has been described above.
The People's Daily World, official Communist Party publication on
the west coast, dated May 2, 1947, listed Dalton Trumbo as one of the
sponsors of the Los Angeles Chapter of the Civil Rights Congress.
The Civil Rights Congress has been engaged in defending Gerhart
Eisler, Comintern agent, and Eugene Dennis, executive secretary of the
Communist Party.
The People's Daily World, dated March 20, 1946, stated that Dalton
Trumbo was a speaker at a meeting held in the Shrine Auditorium in Los
Angeles, California, under the auspices of the Mobilization for Democ-
racy.
The People's Daily World, dated April 5, 1946, in an article entitled
"We Are With-Trumbo Pledges Every Effort on Fight of Native Fas-
cists, ' ' comments on a speech by Dalton Trumbo delivered at a meeting
of the Mobilization for Democrary held previously in Los Angeles in
which Trumbo is reported to have outlined several undertakings by the
United States Government, such as Expedition Muskox, Bikini, and the
policies of MacArthur in Japan, all of which Trumbo interpreted as an
indication of United States imperialism and the work of Fascist reaction
in the United States.
The California Sentinel, dated May 8, 1947, published a list pur-
ported to be the official list of the officers and board of directors of the
Southern California Progressive Citizens of America. Dalton Trumbo
was listed as a member of the board of directors.
Page 236 of the report of the California State Legislature's Joint
Fact-Finding Committee on Un-American Activities, dated 1947, refers
to the Los Angeles Chapter of the Progressive Citizens of America as a
consolidation of the National Political Action Committee and the Holly-
wood Independent Citizens Committee of the Arts, Sciences, and Pro-
fessions, which are referred to as Communist fronts.
The People's Daily World, dated October 19, 1942, listed Dalton
Trumbo as one of 400 prominent people who signed an open letter to
President Roosevelt urging the United States to sever diplomatic rela-
tions with Spain. This letter was made public, according to the article,
by the Council for Pan-American Democracy which has attacked alleged
American imperialism.
The People's Daily World, dated November 6, 1945, carried an adver-
tisement under the heading "Break relations with Spain," advising that
a meeting was scheduled for the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles, Cali-
fornia, for November 16, 1945, at which Dalton Trumbo would serve as
chairman. The meeting was said to be under the auspices of the American
Committee for Spanish Freedom. This was part of the Communist cam-
paign in behalf of Loyalist Spain initiated at the seventh Congress of the
Communist International, the summer of 1935.
The Daily Worker, dated May 24, 1947, listed Dalton Trumbo as
one of the speakers at the Artists Fight Back meeting sponsored by Mam-
stream, to be held at Manhattan Center, New York City, on June 11,
1947. The article stated that the rally would give the answer of the writers
and artists to the "Un-American Committee's" attacks on democratic
culture in America.
140 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
The New York World Telegram, dated June 11, 1947, listed Dalton
Trumbo as one of the speakers at the Artists Fight Back rally held at
Manhattan Center, New York City, on June 11, 1947.
The Worker, dated March 23, 1947, published a write-up on the
magazine Mainstream showing the table of contents for the winter edition,
1946, listing Dalton Trumbo as a contributor with a poem entitled ' ' Con-
fessional. ' ' This magazine has been described above.
The People's Daily World, dated October 24, 1942, listed Dalton
Trumbo as one of the persons who endorsed LaRue McCormick as Com-
munist Party candidate for State Senator of Los Angeles County.
The People's Daily World, dated July 6, 1944, announced that Dal-
ton Trumbo would be one of the judges of a short-story contest sponsored
by the People's Daily World to run from August 1, 1944, to February
1, 1945.
The People's Daily World, dated March 26, 1946, listed Dalton
Trumbo as a speaker at a forum held at the Embassy Auditorium on
April 8, 1946, under the auspices of the People's Daily World entitled
1 'Art — Weapon of the People. " A photostatic copy of this publicity
is attached.
Erick Lionel Pridinoff testified before the committee at its Los
Angeles hearing on February 18, 1948. Pridinoff is an engineer, and
was formerly employed by the United States Government as an eco-
nomic officer at the American Embassy in Belgrade, Yugoslavia. He
testified at length as to Communist activities in Yugoslavia, and of the
terrorist activities utilized by the Communists in taking over that coun-
try. Pridinoff speaks Russian fluently and has a working knowledge of
the Yugoslav language. He stated that he had traveled about 20,000
miles throughout the country and had met many Soviet officers. On
occasion he had had conversations with officers in the Soviet secret police.
He stated that some of these officers had managed to break away from
the Soviet government and had found their way into Italy and into the
American zone in Africa. He watched the Communist dictatorship
develop in Yugoslavia and chronicled its brutality, strategy and activi-
ties. He stated that the Communist government officially stated that ' ' all
those who are not for us are against us, and we must do away with
them. We must exterminate the reactionary rats."
Mr. Pridinoff 's testimony was extremely interesting and informa-
tive and the committee regrets that lack of space prohibits his testimony
from being published fully in this report.
When asked whether the Yugoslav government, Tito, or Josef
Stalin, would establish a committee to investigate " subversive activi-
ties in their countries, or would they just shoot the suspects and investi-
gate afterward, ' ' Mr. Pridinoff replied as follows :
"In fact they said so. This is an interesting fact. One of the
Ministers for Finance, Mr. Judevich, said in the Yugoslav con-
trolled press, 'When you see a person who is in opposition to our
regime, or a capitalist, grab him. Don't wait for justice. Grab him
and get rid of him. ' An official in Yugoslavia said so and the official
press repeated it. So you can figure out the rest of it yourself."
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 141
AMERICAN COMMITTEE TO AID SOVIET RUSSIA
One of the many Communist front organizations for propagan-
dizing in behalf of the Soviet Union, this type of Communist front is
among the earliest instigated by the Communist International and its
affiliated Communist Parties.
The American Committee to Aid Soviet Russia appears to be active
in Los Angeles County and is probably a committee of the local branch
of one of the larger Soviet admiration societies. The address of the
committee is 615 South Virgil Avenue, Los Angeles, and the telephone
number is FA 4290. A regular meeting of the organization was
announced for January 30, 1947, at 8.30 p.m. and for May 29, 1947, at
8.30 p.m. at the committee's headquarters on Virgil Avenue.
Minna Rosenhouse signs one notice as ' ' Corresponding Secretary ' '
and Sam Gardner signs another as "Chairman."
AMERICAN COMMITTEE TO SAVE REFUGEES
This is a Communist front operating in the Communist refugee
field. (See Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee, Exiled Wnters Com-
mittee, United American Spanish Aid Committee, Spanish Refugee
Appeal, etc.)
Among the well known supporters of Communist-front organiza-
tions who lent their names to the American Committee to Save Refugees
are the following : Walter Rautenstrauch, Franz Boas, Franklin Folsom,
Annette Rubinstein, Margaret Schlauch, Peter Shipka, Edgar Snow,
Lillian Hellman, Kyle Crichton (alias Robert Forsythe), William E.
Dodd, Jr., Dan Gillmor, Dashiell Hammett, Corliss Lamont, Rockwell
Kent, Ruth McKenney, Clifford Odets, George Seldes, Herman Shumlin,
Henry E. Sigerist, Maxwell S. Stewart, Dudley Nichols, Adolph Dehn,
William Gropper, Joe Jones, Richard Wright, and Lily Turner.
AMERICAN COMMUNICATIONS ASSOCIATION— CIO
This Congress of Industrial Organization's affiliate, the American
Communications Association, has been Communist dominated from the
start. Its president, Joseph Selly, endorsed the infamous Communist
front, the American Peace Mobilization, as did the organization's vice
president, James D. Benson. Josephine Timms, secretary-treasurer, also
supported this Communist front for assistance to the Stalin-Hitler Pact.
Jack Winocur, secretary, and Mervyn Rathborne of the American Com-
munications Association, also endorsed the American Peace Mobiliza-
tion. Daniel Driesen, international representative of the American
Communications Association, was affiliated with the Communist front,
the National Federation for Constitutional Liberties, as was the organi-
zation's president, Joseph P. Selly. Mervyn Rathborne was affiliated
with the Communist front American League for Peace and Democracy.
(See previous Committee Reports and index of this Report).
AMERICAN FEDERATED RUSSIAN FAMINE RELIEF COMMITTEE
This front came into being during the middle of September, 1921,
upon the initiative of the American representative of the Russian Red
142 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Cross, acting under mandate from its general headquarters in Moscow,
through D. H. Dubrowsky.
The provisional executive committee of this organization included
the following individuals connected with the Friends of Soviet Russia :
Allan S. Broms, A. Bittleman, Jacob W. Hartman, Ludwig Lore, and
Louis Engdahl.
According to Dubrowsky, this committee actually endeavored to
send substantial relief to Russia but was sabotaged by the Friends of
Soviet Russia, whose methods he described as follows : ' ' My own under-
standing was that possibly 90 cents of each and every dollar collected
went to the Communist Party, with the relief be damned. ' '
AMERICAN FRIENDS OF THE CHINESE PEOPLE
This red front falls under the general heading of Pro-Communist
Chinese Front organizations. The American Friends of the Chinese
People was organized to support the Chinese Communist thrust against
the National Chinese Government. Closely cooperating with this Com-
munist group were Theatre Arts Committee, League of Women Shop-
pers, American League for Peace and Democracy, Medical Bureau for
Spain, Progressive Women's Council, International Workers Order,
Workers Alliance, and the International Labor Defense.
The Communist International has always been deeply interested in
developments in China. It looks upon the revolutionary movement in
China as an ally of the Russian revolution and a bulwark against attack
upon the Soviet Union. Manuilsky declared that "revolutionary China
* * * can become, in alliance with the U. S. S. R., the greatest world
factor in far eastern politics * * * In alliance with the world proletariat,
with its vanguard — the Communist world party, China shall and will
become the guardian of peace, the fighter against imperialist wars on
the Pacific. "
The Communist Party of the United States together with its various
auxiliary front organizations, in carrying out the line laid down by
the Communist International on China, has passed through various stages
in accordance with the variations in the relations between the Soviet
Union and the Government of China. These activities, while proclaimed
as being in behalf of the Chinese people, were at all times dictated by
the current exigencies of Soviet diplomacy.
From 1924 to 1927 there existed a period of cooperation between
the Kuomintang under Chiang Kai-shek and the Communist Interna-
tional. The official organ of the Communist International for February
28, 1927, established the current line :
' ' In order to mobilize all the reserves of the international revo-
lutionary movement, it is necessary to carry out, with the speed
commensurate with the exceptional importance of the matter, the
united front under the slogan * Hands Off China' * * *."
Following this directive the Communist Party in the United States
launched a flood of ' ' Hands Off China ' ' committees. The Fourth National
Convention of the Communist Party held in Chicago, August 21-30,
1925, announced that "a large number of 'Hands Off China' meetings"
had been held throughout the country and that "a special feature of
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 143
these meetings" was the Communist maneuver in connecting them with
"the slogan 'Stand by Soviet Eussia!' :
Heading the "Hands off China" movement was Manuel Gomez,
secretary of the All- America Anti-Imperialist League. Gomez was a
delegate to the Sixth Congress of the Communist International and a
member of the central executive committee of the Communist Party of
the United States.
After Chiang Kai-shek's attack upon the Communist Party of
China in 1927, there was little activity for a few years by American
Communist fronts in behalf of China. Subsidiary to the Trade Union
Unity League was the Committee to Aid Chinese Trade Unions, headed
by Robert W. Dunn, secretary, 96 Fifth Avenue, Room 314, New York
City, located in the same building as the Trade Union Unity League.
The national executive committee of the International Labor Defense
called upon its members to rouse "the whole organization in support
of the oppressed masses, especially in aid of the rising revolutionary
struggles in the colonial and semicolonial countries," such as China
(Labor Defender, September, 1930). The relief aspect was heavily
stressed in order to elicit the most sympathetic response.
The Friends of the Chinese People was launched January 4, 1933,
to specialize in work in the Chinese field. In January, 1934, the magazine
China Today made its first appearance. The word "American" was
added to the organization's name in 1935 as part of the general stream-
lining process during the Popular Front period. J. W. Phillips, Hansu
Chan, and Frederick Spencer, were co-editors of China Today.
Waldo Frank laid down the current Communist line in the Decem-
ber, 1934, issue of China Today, protesting "against American and Euro-
pean aid for Chiang Kai-shek." The united front of the democracies
against the Fascist aggressors, adopted by the Communist International
after 1935, saw the American Friends of the Chinese People in a typical
Communist * ' about face. ' ' China Today now started screaming for ' ' col-
lective security" and declared that "neutrality leads straight to war"
and deplored the * ' twilight of isolation. ' '
This period was marked by friendliness between the government of
Chiang Kai-shek and the Communists. The February, 1939, issue of
China Today published an article entitled ' ' Two Fathers of Their Coun-
tries, ' ' dealing with George Washington and Chiang Kai-shek.
The Stalin-Hitler pact in August, 1939, was the signal for another
reversal of Communist policy in its Chinese fronts. The American Friends
of the Chinese People and its collaborating organizations became vigor-
ously anti-war, isolationist and anti-administration.
The Washington Committee for Aid to China (Washington, D. C.)
followed the line laid down by the American Friends of the Chinese
People. China Aid News, the official organ of the Washington Committee
to Aid China, in reporting the speech of Frederick V. Field, stated :
"Mr. Field, editor of Amerasia, charged that American interest
had been indistinguishable from the interest of a strong imperialist
power. * * * Field urged aid to China and the withdrawal of aid
from England. * * * In conclusion he proposed * * full coop-
eration with the Soviet Union. ' '
144 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
In China Today for May, 1941, T. A. Bisson wrote :
"In concluding this agreement with Japan, as in its earlier
pact with Germany, the Soviet Union joins neither of the opposing
coalitions into which the world has been divided. * * * The Soviet-
German pact of August, 1939, was a logical result of the course
taken by British diplomacy in Europe during the immediately pre-
ceding years. Similarly, the Soviet-Japanese pact of April, 1941, is
the logical outcome of British and American policy in the Far East
since 1937. * * * The Soviet Union chose to stay out of what is
considered an imperialist war. ' '
In April of 1941 the Communists adopted a new attitude toward
Chiang Kai-shek, raising the cry of national unity in China. Chiang had
formed an "Anti-Communist Northwest Military Council. " Other Com-
munist front organizations joined the American Friends of the Chinese
People in its campaign of pressure upon the Chinese Government.
Following Hitler's invasion of Russia in June, 1941, the American
Friends of the Chinese People followed the other Communist fronts in
an about-face in favor of war.
A leaflet in the files of the Senate Fact-Finding Committee on
Un-American Activities in California states, in part :
"Who are the American Friends of the Chinese People? They
are all those Americans, of diverse racial and national origins and
of various political affiliations, who see that our duty to Americanism
is a duty to the people of China in their present need. The organ-
ization was begun in this country in 1932, with headquarters in
New York. It now has branches in Chicago, Los Angeles, and Phila-
delphia, as well as in San Francisco.
"It is international in character in that similar organizations
exist in other countries, although there is no organizational con-
nection between the national groups. Thus, there is, in England, the
English Friends of the Chinese People; in Canada, the Canadian
Friends of the Chinese People ; in Mexico, the Mexican Friends of
the Chinese People, and in France, the French Friends of the Chi-
nese People.
' ' The San Francisco Branch was set up formally in a meeting
at the Far East Cafe, December 10, 1937, when officers were elected,
and the group lost no time in setting into motion detailed plans for
the realization of their objectives. ' '
The sponsors of the San Francisco branch of the American Friends
of the Chinese People are listed as follows : Dr. Thomas Addis, Albert
Bender, Samuel Boardman, Prof. Robert Brady, Prof. Arthur G.
Brodeur, Dr. Adelaide Brown, Beniamino Buf ano, Mrs. Selah Chamber-
lain, Prof. Haakon M. Chevalier, Prof. Ralph Chaney, Dr. Margaret
Chung, Dr. Collin Dong, Dr. Ludwig A. Emge, Dr. Harold Faber, Prof.
Harold M. Fisher, Mrs. Mortimer Fleishhacker, Jr., B. S. Fong, Mrs.
Lawrence Harris, Rev. Herrick Lane, Thomas Lew, Rev. Lee S. Hong,
Dean C. N. Lewis, Miss Elizabeth Livermore, Mrs. Horatio Livermore,
Dr. and Mrs. Howard Markel, Dr. Bertha Monroe, Mrs. Mark McDonald,
Prof. J. R. Oppenheimer, Mr. and Mrs. Silas Palmer, Bishop Edward L.
Parsons, Mr. and Mrs. Bruce Porter, Prof. Max Radin, Dr. Aurelia
Reinhardt, Lee F. Randolph, Prof. Frank M. Russell, Prof. Chic Pelsha,
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 145
Miss Else Schilling, Prof. John S. P. Tatlock, Dr. B. B. Towne, Rev.
Dillon W. Throckmorton, Prof. B. C. Wong, Rev. Daniel G. C. Wu, Mrs.
Warren Gregory, Mr. and Mrs. Russell Selfridge, Mrs. James Ellis
Tucker, and Mrs. Edwin R. Sheldon. Prof. Alexander Kaun is listed as
the San Francisco branch chairman.
The San Francisco headquarters is listed as 628 Montgomery Street,
Room 431, telephone EXbrook 5961.
AMERICAN FRIENDS OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA
This front organization became active in June of 1944. Its head-
quarters is located at 8 West 40th Street in New York City, and the
organization is under the leadership of William J. Schieffelin. It has a
connecting link with various other alien Communist fronts through Dr.
Frank Kingdon.
AMERICAN FRIENDS OF THE SOVIET UNION
(See Friends of the Soviet Union.)
AMERICAN FUND FOR PUBLIC SERVICE
This fund was established by Charles Garland, the son of James A.
Garland. He established the fund in 1922 with $900,000. The fund grew
to $2,000,000.
Among the board of directors who handed out the money to left-
wing organizations are Sidney Hillman, Roger N. Baldwin, William Z.
Foster, Lewis Gannett, James Weldon Johnson, Robert Morss Lovett,
Scott Nearing, Mary E. McDowell, Judah L. Magnes, Norman Thomas,
Harry F. Ward, Morris Ernest, and Walter Nelles.
Some of the beneficiaries of the American Fund for Public Service
are as follows : the Daily Worker, New Masses, Vanguard Press, Feder-
ated Press, Russian Reconstruction Farms, International Labor Defense,
Commonwealth College, International Publishers, Workers Library Pub-
lishers, Young Worker's League (the Young Communist League, now
American Youth for Democracy), All- America Anti-Imperialist League,
Trade Union Unity League, Labor Research Association, Novymir,
League for Mutual Aid, and Manumit School.
AMERICAN JEWISH CONGRESS
On the national level this organization has enjoyed a clean bill of
health. In 1936 the American Jewish Congress and the World Jewish
Congress refused to admit to their organizations such Communist-
dominated groups as the International Workers Order and the Icor.
This refusal gave rise to the Communist inspired and dominated Jewish
People's Committee.
In California, and particularly in the Southern California Division,
there has apparently been a quiet Communist infiltration into the Amer-
ican Jewish Congress. The laudable efforts to screen Communists on the
national level has not been noticeable in the organization's activities in
Southern California.
Rabbi Franklin Cohn, Pacific Coast Vice President of the American
Jewish Congress, addressing the Southern California regional convention
11— L-7088-D
146 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
of the organization in the Biltmore Hotel (February 7 and 8, 1948),
declared: "If the United States Government continues to fight the
United Nations' decision on Palestine by back-door methods, then I am
afraid that in two months.' time the United Nations will have gone the
way of the League of Nations. ' '
Resolutions adopted by this convention of the American Jewish
Congress indicates the organizations ' adherence to the Communist Party
line. The convention went on record against loyalty checks for federal
and governmental employees and called for the abolition of the Thomas
Congressional Committee and the Tenney State Legislative Committee
investigating un-American Activities.
Dr. Stephen S. Wise is the National President of the American
Jewish Congress. He has a long record of Communist front affiliations.
Harry Bauman is the Chairman of the Administrative Committee. Max
P. Ponder, is treasurer, Paul D. Gatov, financial secretary, and Mrs.
Paul D. Gatov is the secretary. Judge Ben Eosenthal is the president of
the Southern California Division. The vice presidents are Alfred L.
Buckman, Max Lipin, Mrs. Fred C. Pollock, Myer Pransky, and Mrs.
Monte Salvin. Mrs. Fred C. Pollock is the president of the Women's
Division ; Beatrice Fishier, president of the Youth Division, and Myer
Pransky, president of the Men's Division. Dr. Max Nussbaum is the
President of the Pacific Coast Region, and Mel Springer is the Executive
Director.
The convention committee for the February 7 and 8, 1948 meet is as
follows: Max Lipin, Chairman; Bella Bruch, Secretary; and Freda
Colen, Henry Corby, Beatrice Fishier, Jean Freeman, Paul Gatov, Elsie
Jacobson, Morris Leibovitz, Evelyn Robbins, Herschel Rosenthal, Aaron
Rothblatt, Carl Weiner, and Mannie Williams, Commit ee Members.
Among those who participated in the convention are the following :
Daniel G. Marshall, Loren Miller, Mrs. Fred C. Pollock, William Strong,
Marguerite Weiss, Nita Blackwell, Leon Clifton, Eleanor Grennard,
Charles J. Katz, Milton Tyre, Philip Connelly, Mrs. Emanuel Kotkin,
Dr. Franklin Fearing, Jaime Gonzalez-Monroy, Fred Herzberg, Mrs.
Milton Harris, Wellesley Aron, Rabbi Jehudah M. Cohen, and Mrs.
Phyllis Ziffren.
The notorious Communist fellow-traveler, Carey Me Williams, spoke
under the auspices of the American Jewish Congress February 16, 1948,
before the San Fernando Valley Chapter.
Chapter chairman of the American Jewish Committee in the files
of the Senate Committee include the following: Mrs. Ed Harris, Mrs
Freda Colen, Mrs. Joseph Glass, Mrs. Dora Katkin, Mrs. Jack Drum,
Mrs. Joseph Dixon, Mrs. Ann Loewer, Mrs. Marci Adelman, Mrs. Leon
Brod, Mrs. Flor Diamond, Mrs. Bessie Goldstein, Mrs. Jack Notrica, Mrs.
Bess Goldman, Mrs. Sydney Cutler, Mrs. Ira Lesser, Morris Abraham,
and Alfred Buckman.
The mailing lists of Communists fronts in Southern California, taken
from a master list in the possession of the Communist Party, include the
above list of Chapter chairman of the American Jewish Committee.
Dr. Stephen S. Wise has been identified with the following Com-
munist front organizations: Allied Voters Against Coudert, American
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 147
Friends of Spanish Democracy, American League for Peace and Democ-
racy, Boycott Japanese Goods Conference, Russian War Relief, Com-
mittee for a Boycott Against Japanese Aggression, Committee to Save
Spain and China, Coordinating Committee to Lift the Embargo, Con-
ference on Pan American Democracy, China Today Mass Meeting.
National Reception Committee to the Russian Delegation, New York
Tom Mooney Committee, and the Medical Bureau to Aid Spanish
Democracy.
Judge Ben Rosenthal of the Municipal Court of Los Angeles is a
former Assemblyman who has supported many Communist-front causes.
In 1940 he wrote a letter to Communist Aubrey Grossman (at that time
in Stockton defending individuals who were being tried for contempt of
the Yorty Committee investigating subversive activities in the State
Relief Administration) attacking the Yorty Committee as an instrument
for ' ' smearing ' ' Governor Olson and ' ' busting trade unions. ' ' The West-
ern Worker (now the People's Daily World), for July 1, 1937, lists
Rosenthal as a sponsor of the Los Angeles Friends of the Abra-
ham Lincoln Battalion. The same Communist paper for October
14, 1937, reports Rosenthal working for the repeal of the Criminal
Syndicalism Act. People's Daily World for January 1, 1938, lists Rosen-
thai as an endorser of the successor to the Western Worker, the People's
Daily World. In 1939 he appears on the letterhead of the Harry Bridges
Defense Committee as a sponsor. The People's Daily World for August
30, 1941, lists Rosenthal as a sponsor for a state-wide conference on
civil rights in San Francisco, September 27, 1941, to protest the ' ' Tenney
Committee" and the "Tenney Bill Outlawing the Communist Party."
In 1947 Rosenthal wrote a letter to the Olympic Auditorium manage-
ment protesting the management's refusal to rent its building to the
Communist Party for a William Z. Foster rally.
Rabbi Max Nussbaum has been associated with a number of Com-
munist causes. He sponsored the American Youth for Democracy's
(Young Communist League) "Salute to Young America" dinner at
the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles, December 16, 1945, and presented
an award to Frank Sinatra at the ' * Welcome Home Joe ' ' dinner on the
occasion of the second anniversary of the same Communist organization.
He was a speaker at the Communist Down Town Forum, September 4,
1944. He was a sponsor of the Communist Citizens Committee to Aid
Locked-Out Hearst Employees in 1946.
Daniel G. Marshall is the chairman of the Catholic Inter-Racial
Council. He was vice chairman of the Southern California Committee for
State FEPC. He spoke under the auspices of the Progressive Citizens
of America, 1947. He was listed on the letterhead of the Citizens Com-
mittee to Aid Locked-Out Hearst Employees. He is a member of the
Communist inspired and dominated National Lawyers Guild.
Loren Miller is a Los Angeles negro attorney. He formerly wrote
for the Communist publication, New Masses. He was formerly associated
with the Communist John Reed Club of Hollywood. He attended the
Western Writers Congress in 1936. He was a member of the executive
board of the Los Angeles Chapter of the National Lawyers Guild. In
1941 he was one of the sponsors for a state-wide conference on civil rights
in San Francisco to protest the ' ' Tenney Committee ' ' and the ' ' Tenney
148 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Bill Outlawing the Communist Party. ' ' He was a sponsor of the Ameri-
can Youth Congress in 1935 at the organization meeting held under the
name of the Southern California Youth Congress, together with Leo
Gallagher, Sam Darcy, Dr. Herbert Alexander, and Prof. S. M. Wixman.
(Holther Report, p. 58). Miller was a member of the National Negro
Congress, together with Tom Mooney, Matt Crawford, Langston Hughes,
and Myra Page. He is a member of the board of directors of the Pro-
gressive Citizens of America, and the Hollywood Arts, Sciences and Pro-
fessions Council of the Progressive Citizens of America conference on
"thought control," July 9 to 13, 1947. ("Thought control" is the Com-
munist line to combat exposure of Communist activity.) Miller also
served on a committee of the Communist front, Mobilization for Democ-
racy.
Leon Clifton was a speaker in October of 1947 at a meeting under
the auspices of the Communist newsletter In Fact, written and published
by George Seldes.
Eleanor Grennard is the wife of Elliot Grennard, contributor to the
Communist New Masses, and former music editor and critic for Bill-
board. Eleanor Grennard was a member of Federal Workers Local No.
245, CIO. In 1946 she was employed by the Office of Price Administra-
tion at 1031 South Broadway in Los Angeles and was an organizer for
the CIO Public Employees Union, which included the federal workers.
The Grennard automobile has been checked by committee investigators
at the Danish Auditorium (July, 1945) during the Southern District
Communist Political Association Convention and at the Los Angeles
County Communist Party convention held at Park Manor, 2200 West
Seventh Street, Los Angeles, September, 1945. Both Eleanor and Elliot
Grennard were transfered to the Los Angeles County Communist Party
in October, 1945, from a New York Communist Party unit in New York.
Elliot Grennard was an instructor at the Communist Party's Peoples
Educational Center for the winter term of 1947.
The Communist record of Charles J. Katz is too long to be repro-
duced here. The reader is referred to the former reports of the Legisla-
tive Committees on un-American Activities and to the index of this
report.
Milton S. Tyre is an attorney and a member of the Communist firm
headed by Communist Leo Gallagher. On May 18, 1942, Tyre signed a
telegram addressed to President Roosevelt congratulating him for
releasing Earl Browder, Secretary General of the Communist Party of
the United States. During 1944 Tyre was a guest lecturer on "Wartime
Trade Union Problems" at the Communist Party's People's Educa-
tional Center. He was a sponsor of the Communist front, the American
Committee for Spanish Freedom. On March 5, 1945, Tyre addressed the
Communist Downtown Forum. During 1947 he was an instructor at the
People's Educational Center. In March of 1947 Tyre appeared as an
attorney for a radio group of Communists and Communist fellow-
travelers before the Federal Radio Commissioner. Tj^re opposed the
continuation of the Tenney Committee in June of 1947.
Philip M. Connelly's long record of supporting Communist causes
is detailed in former committee reports and throughout this report.
(See index.)
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 149
Franklin Fearing has carried on a rather frenzied activity in sup-
port of Communist causes. The reader is referred to the index of this
report and to previous legislative committee reports.
Rabbi Jehudah M. Cohen is listed on the letterhead of the Committee
to Defend America by Keeping Out of War as a sponsor in 1940. This
Communist front was one of the organizations created for the purpose
of assisting Hitler during his pact with Stalin.
Aaron Rothblatt signed a Communist Party petition to participate
in the primary election in Los Angeles for August 28, 1934. He gave his
address as 1244 Tremaine Avenue, Los Angeles. He was a member of
the Los Angeles Emergency Committee to Aid the Strikers (Hollywood
Independent Citizens Committee on the Arts, Sciences and Profes-
sions). Rothblatt sponsored the "Salute to Young America" dinner
given by American Youth for Democracy (Young Communist League)
December 16, 1945, at the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles.
Miss Marguerite R. Weiss, legislative chairman of the Women 's
Division of the American Jewish Congress, spoke on the evening of
February 7, 1948, in the panel on " Legislative Action." Miss Weiss
declared that the goal of the American Jewish Congress was that of a
political action group to fight "anti-racial attitudes" and for a fair
employment act. She stated that the Legislative Committees investigating
un-American activities in California and the nation must be abolished.
She condemned the "Tenneys and the Thomas' " and County loyalty
checks.
Miss Nita Blackwell, former secretary of the National Association
for the Advancement of Colored People also spoke. She stated that the
150,000 Negroes who had recently come to Los Angeles were being
"crowded into filthy ghettos" and that there had been numerous com-
plaints of "police brutality and cruelty toward minorities."
Milton S. Tyre of the National Lawyer's Guild utilized most of his
energy in attacking the committees investigating un-American activities,
following the Communist Party line in referring to the Washington
Committee as the " Rankin-Thomas Committee." He stated that such
committees were the Jews' greatest threat and that such committees
operate by "intimidation." He stated that the purpose of both the
Thomas and Tenney Committee is to create a black-list.
The officers elected for 1948 are as follows : Judge Ben Rosenthal,
Chairman ; Mrs. Murray Vruch, Louis Colen, Alfred L. Buckman, Max
Lipin, Mrs. Fred C. Pollock, Meyer Pransky, and Miss Marguerite Weiss,
Vice Presidents; Victor Menacker, Treasurer; Paul D. Gatov, Financial
Secretary ; and Mrs. Paul D. Gatov, Secretary.
AMERICAN LEAGUE AGAINST WAR AND FASCISM
(See American League for Peace and Democracy.)
AMERICAN LEAGUE FOR PEACE AND DEMOCRACY
This Communist organization has been frequently referred to in
the committee's previous reports.
The Amsterdam World Congress Against War was held in Holland
in August, 1932, under the direction of the Communist International.
The well-known French Communist Henri Barbusse chairmaned the
150 UN- AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
conference. (This meeting is sometimes referred to as the World Con-
gress Against War.)
The American Committee for Struggle Against War was a direct
result of the Amsterdam Congress.
A National Organizing Committee of the First United States Con-
gress Against War met throughout the summer of 1933 and planned
the transition from the American Committee for Struggle Against War
to the United States Congress Against War and the American League
Against War and Fascism. The United States Congress Against War
was held in New York City September 29 to October 1, 1933. The Ameri-
can League Against War and Fascism was founded at the United States
Congress Against War.
The Peoples Congress for Peace and Democracy, meeting in Pitts-
burgh in November 1937, spawned the American League for Peace and
Democracy. It is significant that the Canadian League Against War and
Fascism almost simultaneously became the Canadian League for Peace
and Democracy.
The Communist International magazine for January, 1933, page 78,
declares: "Our most successful application of the United Front has
been in the antiwar and anti-Fascism movement. We led a highly suc-
cessful U. S. Congress Against War * * * which brought together 2,616
delegates from all over the country. * * * The Congress set up a
permanent organization on ' federative basis called the American League
Against War and Fascism'."
The antiwar aspect of Communist front organizations is effective
bait for peace-loving Americans. Many good intentioned Americans
were " involved " in the "peace" and "democracy" fronts, accepting
the purported objectives at face value. Although the chairman of the
Senate Committee never joined the American League for Peace and
Democracy, he was elected notwithstanding, to the National Executive
Board. Under date of October 28, 1939, Chairman Tenney wrote to the
secretary of the American League for Peace and Democracy, in part,
as follows:
«* * * Recent developments have convinced me that the Com-
munists in America are using such organizations as the league solely
for the purpose of translating the foreign policy of Russia into action
in our country, and in most cases the peace they desire is determined
by the foreign office in Moscow. I am likewise convinced that these
people, in their vociferous cry for democracy, use these processes to
the end that democracy shall be destroyed. ' '
The Stalin-Hitler pact brought sudden exposure and consternation
to the American League for Peace and Democracy, as it did to many
other Communist fronts and it went out of existence in February of
1940. Its hard-bitten Communists and fellow-travelers carried on, how-
ever, in such new fronts as the Committee to Defend America by Keep-
ing Out of War, the Emergency Peace Mobilization, the American Peace
Mobilization, and the American People's Mobilization.
The American Peace Mobilization is the name given to this front
by the Emergency Peace Mobilization at its Labor Day week-end meeting
held in Chicago in 1940. It was founded to give expression to the Com-
munist line on foreign policy which grew out of the Stalin-Hitler pact.
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 151
It will be recalled that the American Communists changed overnight
on June 22, 1941, from extreme isolationists to equally extreme "war-
mongers" when the news broke that Hitler had double-crossed Stalin
by invading Russia.
During its existence the American League for Peace and Democracy
organized subsidiary groups such as the China Aid Council, the National
People Committee Against Hearst, and the Refugee Scholarship and
Peace Campaign.
Among those who have been prominent in the American League
for Peace and Democracy and its subsidiary organizations are Francis
J. McConnell, Reinhold Niebuhr, Reid Robinson, Frederick L. Schuman,
James Waterman Wise, Catherine Bauer, Mary McLeod Bethune, John
D. Butkovich, James B. Carey, Joseph Curran, Sherman H. Dalrymple,
Max Lerner, Paul Robeson, S. Stephenson Smith, Channing H. Tobias,
and A. F. Whitney.
Others who have been affiliated in one capacity or another with the
American League for Peace and Democracy, or one or more of its sub-
sidiary organizations, are as follows : Roger Baldwin, William Dodd, Jr.,
Jules Garfield, Sam Jaffe, Morris Carnovsky, Tookie Hunter, Margaret
Waller, Den Davis, Jr., William Gropper, Louis B. Boudin, Max R.
Cohen, Granville Hicks, Robert Morss Lovett, T. A. Bisson, Charles J.
Hendley, Maxwell S. Stewart, John H. Melish, Benjamin Busch, Mrs.
Corliss Lamont, Eleanor Brannan, Harry F. Ward, Ann McNear, Jane
Swanhuyser, Henry N. Wienman, Lewis Alan Berne, Ben Gold, Muriel
Draper, Abram Flaxer, Frances Farmer, Alain Locke, Leane Zugsmith,
Donald Ogden Stewart, Wanda Gag, Lewis Mumford, Vito Marcantonio,
Kyle Crichton, Rex Ingram, Philip Loeb, Ella Winter, Anton Refregier,
Robert W. Dunn, Earl Browder, Rockwell Kent, Yasuo Kuniyoshi,
Kenneth Born, Charles W. Burton, Sophinisba Breckinridge, Alfred
Kamin, Harvey 0 'Connor, Paul Rosenthal, Oliver Haskell, Edgar Snow,
Dr. Frank Baker, Frank Graham, Eduard C. Lindeman, Rev. A. Clayton
Powell, Jr., A. Philip Randolph, Mrs. Donald Ogden Stewart, Dr. Max
Yergan, Anna H. Rubir, Mrs. Victor I. Berger, Margaret Forsyth,
Sherwood Anderson, Melvyn Douglas, Prof, Franz Boas, Congressman
John M. Coffee, Jerome Davis, John P. Davis, Theodore Dreiser, Miguel
Garriga, Donald Henderson, Joseph P. Lash, David Lasser, Lewis
Merrill, Morris Muster, Samuel Ornitz, Mervyn Rathborne, Viola
Brothers Shore, Nancy Cox, Jane Field, Ruth Wanger, Otto Weber, Dr.
Henry E. Sigerist, Gertrude Steele, Mrs. Foley Grossman, Morris Katz,
Charles Preston, Aaron Wool, Russell Thayer, Regina Rakoczy, Dorothy
McConnell, Alice Barrows, Sophia Pressman, Edward Huberman, Israel
Amter, Katherine Terrill, Malcolm Cowley, Elmer Rice, Prof. Robert
Brady, Joseph Cadden, Rev. Dale DeWitt, Clarence Hathaway, Robert
W. Kenny, Harry C. Lamberton, Prof. Oliver Larkin, Mrs. Samuel
Ornitz, Prof. Walter Rautenstrauch, Herman Shumlin. Morris Watson,
Harry Graham Baiter, John Stapp, George A. Coe, A. A. Heller, Ella
Reeve Bloor, Joseph R. Brodsky, W. E. B. DuBois, Joseph Freeman,
Lillian Furness, Joseph Gardner, Kate Crane Gartz, Michael Gold,
Joshua Kunitz, Corliss Lamont, Lincoln Steffens, Bruce Bliven, Prof. H.
P. Fairchild, Clarence Hathaway, Carol King, Freda Kirchwey, Prof.
Colston E. Warne, Frank Spencer, Rev. Guy Emery Shipler, Helen R.
152 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Bryan, Caroline O'Day, Lillian Hellman, Rabbi Michael Alper, Rabbi
Samuel M. Cohen, Katherine Mclnerny, and Frank Tuttle.
The Los Angeles branch of the American League for Peace and
Democracy held a congress December 10th and llth, 1938, at the Royal
Palms Hotel, 360 South Westlake, Los Angeles. This "congress" was
endorsed by Salomon de la Selva, Hugh Wilkins, Prof. Harry Steinmetz,
Dr. Eric Beecroft, Augustus Hawkins, Prof. George M. Day, Viola
Brothers Shore, Kate Crane Gartz, Donald Ogden Stewart, Dudley
Nichols, Cedric Belfrage, Roy Donnelly, Mrs. Jessie Terry, Ella Winter,
Samson Lindauer, John Howard Lawson, Guy Endore, Melvyn Douglas,
Don Healy, Rabbi Jacob Kohn, Rev. Floyd J. Seaman, Rev. E. P. Ryland,
Floyd Covington, Amelia Richie, Harry Graham Baiter, Prof. George H.
Coe, Irving Pichel, Samuel Ornitz, and Judge Robert W. Kenny.
Samson A. Lindauer, who was affiliated with the American League
for Peace and Democracy, is the president of the Los Angeles City
Civil Service Commission. His Communist sympathies are indicated by
his attack on the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors' ordinance
in reference to loyalty check for Los Angeles County employees.
Samuel Ornitz, whose name appears as an endorser of the American
League for Peace and Democracy, has a long Communist record. Louis
J. Russell testified before the Thomas Committee in Washington, D. C.,
October 29, 1947, that Samuel Ornitz held Communist Party Card No.
47181 in 1944. Russell further testified that the card contained a notation
"1944, Card No. 41826." The address appearing on the card was 1044
South Redondo, Los Angeles. A further notation stated that "New Card
issued on December 2, 1944."
Samuel Ornitz ' record appears at page 406 of the Thomas Committee
Report and corroborates the information contained in the Senate Fact-
Finding Committee's files. It is as follows:
There is no evidence of any open admission of Communist Party
membership by Samuel Ornitz. However, Rena M. Vala, a former member
of the Communist Party, has cited Samuel Ornitz as a fellow member in
her affidavit dated November 23, 1942, according to the 1943 report of
the California Joint Fact-Finding Committee on Un-American Activities.
Miss Vale said that in 1935 "Samuel Ornitz identified himself to me as
a Communist Party member and discussed at considerable length the
intentions of the Communist Party in Hollywood and especially in rela-
tion to the motion-picture industry" (p. 123).
Testimony of Ivan Francis Cox, former member of the Communist
Party, before the California Superior Court on December 8, 1937,
reflects also that Samuel Ornitz was a member of the Communist Party.
The California Fact-Finding Committee on Un-American Activities has
listed Samuel Ornitz as a financial contributor to the Communist Party
as of August 15, and September 11, 1940, according to testimony received
in that committee. Testimony presented by George Oliver Bertholon.
former member of the Communist Party and Young Communist League,
before an executive session of the Special Committee on Un-American
Activities (vol. 3, p. 1161, executive hearings) reflects that Mrs. Samuel
(Sadie) Ornitz was a member of the Communist Party and that her son,
Donald Raymond Ornitz, was a member of the Young Communist League.
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 153
According to Communist standards, party members are not sup-
posed to have even personal relations with those who are hostile to the
party.
The Daily Worker of September 14, 1932, page 1, listed Samuel
Ornitz as a signer of "A Call for Support of the Communist Party
Candidates for President and Vice President, William Z. Foster and
James W. Ford/ '
In a pamphlet entitled ' ' Culture and the Crisis, ' ' on page 32, Samuel
Ornitz is again listed as a member of the League of Professional Groups
for Foster and Ford. In the presidential campaign of 1936, an official
letterhead of the Committee of Professional Groups for Browder and
Ford, dated September 24, 1936, carries the name of Samuel Ornitz as
a member. Earl Browder was at that time Communist candidate for
President and James Ford was the Communist candidate for Vice Presi-
dent. The Daily Worker on March 5, 1941, page 2, carried a statement
directed to President Roosevelt in defense of the Communist Party.
Samuel Ornitz is shown as a signer of this statement.
Leo Gallagher has been a candidate for Secretary of State and other
offices on the Communist Party ticket in California. Samuel Ornitz is
shown as an active participant in a dinner in behalf of Leo Gallagher,
according to the People's World of June 4, 1941. This was during the
period of the Stalin-Hitler Pact.
The Daily Worker of June 25, 1936, page 2, lists Tom Mooney as a
member of the honorary presidium of the Communist Party. His case
was the center of world-wide Communist agitation. The Daily Worker
of March 23, 1933, lists Samuel Ornitz as a speaker at a meeting in behalf
of Tom Mooney held in San Francisco. The testimony presented in a
California court on October 3, 1940, reflects that Mr. Ornitz wrote the
dramatic skit for this case.
The People's World for April 3, 1945, contained an article headed
"Memorial started for Eva Shafran — Education Foundation will serve
Los Angeles labor, progressives." The article stated that "Plans for the
organization of an Eva Shafran Educational Foundation as the best
means of honoring Eva Shafran and carrying on the work of progres-
sive education to which she devoted her life were made public here today.
Samuel Ornitz, noted writer and lecturer, is chairman of the foundation. "
Eva Shafran was a well-known member of the Communist Party.
The People's Daily World is the official west coast organ of the
Communist Party. In its issue of July 9, 1943, Mr. Ornitz is listed as one
who "enthusiastically sponsored and endorsed a call for a fund drive,"
in behalf of this paper. This Communist paper organized what was
known as the Hollywood Forum, held at the Embassy Auditorium dur-
ing the week of April 2, 1946, according to People's World, March 26,
1946. Ornitz was a speaker of this forum.
The workers bookshops are part of a chain of official Communist
book shops scattered all over the country. According to the Daily Worker
of August 28, 1934, Mr. Ornitz' works have been on sale at the Workers
Bookshops in San Francisco. It should be noted, at this point, that Com-
munist book shops do not promote hostile literature. At this time, Mr.
Ornitz was a signer of a protest to the Governor of California and the
Mayor of San Francisco, in defense of the Workers Bookshops, according
to the Daily Worker for August 28, 1934, page 5.
154 UN- AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
The American League for Peace and Democracy was formed by the
Communist Party prior to the period of the Stalin-Hitler pact. Accord-
ing to former Attorney General Biddle, this organization was "estab-
lished in the United States in an effort to create public sentiment in behalf
of a foreign policy adapted to the interest of the Soviet Union" (Con-
gressional Record, September 24, 1942). At that time this policy called
for the support of the democracies against the Fascist aggressors in line
with current Communist policies. This organization was also cited as a
Communist front by the Special Committee on Un-American Activities
on January 3, 1940, June 25, 1942, and March 29, 1944. A letterhead
dated January 6-8, 1939, of the American Congress for Peace and Democ-
racy, organized by the American League for Peace and Democracy,
shows Mr. Ornitz as an endorser.
Mr. Ornitz was also a speaker for the Los Angeles branch of this
organization at a meeting held on September 28, 1938, at the Los Angeles
Trinity Auditorium. According to the People's World of July 8, 1938,
page 1, he was scheduled to speak at another Los Angeles meeting of this
organization in behalf of Spanish refugees. The People's World of Sep-
tember 27, 1938, also lists him as a speaker for the American League for
Peace and Democracy in Los Angeles.
The American League for Peace and Democracy was succeeded by
the American Peace Mobilization, after the signing of the Stalin-Hitler
pact. According to former Attorney General Biddle, this organization
was engaged in " picketing the White House, which began in April, 1941,
in protest against lend-lease and the entire national defense program.
This picket line was suddenly called off on the afternoon of June 21,
1941, when Hitler was opening his attack on the Soviet Union" (Con-
gressional Record, September 24, 1942).
This organization has also been cited as a Communist front by the
Special Committee on Un-American Activities on March 29, 1944.
According to the Daily Worker of April 24, 1941, page 7, Mr. Ornitz was
a leader of this organization. The American Peace Mobilization launched
what it called the American Peace Crusade. According to the New
Masses of August 6, 1940, page 23, Mr. Ornitz was the head of a
Speakers ' School of the Hollywood Peace Forum, in connection with this
crusade. Again the People's World of April 19, 1940, lists Mr. Ornitz as
a speaker at the Hollywood Peace Forum. This meeting was sponsored by
the Hollywood League for Democratic Action, under the title ' ' Can Our
Ballots Stop Bullets?" He is also listed by the People's World of July 3,
1940, as a speaker at the Hollywood Peace Forum with Herbert Biberman
at the Embassy Auditorium. Both Biberman and Ornitz were leading
members of the American Peace Mobilization. On June 8, 1940, Mr.
Ornitz was a speaker of a so-called peace assembly, held on the steps of
the Los Angeles City Hall, under the auspices of the American Peace
Mobilization and the American Peace Crusade. Mr. Ornitz also spoke at
the Hollywood Peace Forum, held at the First Unitarian Church at Los
Angeles on May 31, 1940.
He was also a speaker and a committee member of the American
Peace Crusade meeting held at Los Angeles at the Embassy Auditorium,
on June 21, 1940. He presented a radio address over Station KFVD, on
June 5, 1940, to supplement the campaign of the American Peace
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 155
Mobilization. He spoke at the Hollywood Town Meeting under the
auspices of the Hollywood Peace Forum on June 21, 1940. He also sent
greetings to the meeting of the American Peace Mobilization held in
Chicago, August 31 to September 2, 1940. Mr. Ornitz was a member of
the resolutions committee at the Chicago meeting of the American Peace
Mobilization.
The People's World of January 23, 1940, page 5, and February 8,
1940, page 5, lists him as the speaker at various so-called peace meetings
held in Hollywood and Los Angeles.
Samuel Ornitz himself admitted he helped organize the American
Peace Crusade, according to an article by Ornitz appearing in the New
Masses for August 27, 1940, page 12.
The antiwar stand of the American Peace Mobilization was dras-
tically altered when Hitler attacked the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941.
The People's World dated July 7, 1941, page 3, quoted Tom Cullen,
executive secretary of the American Peace Mobilization, as saying:
"The invasion of the Soviet Union has altered the character of the
present war * * *." The newspaper also stated that the American
Peace Mobilization would hold a mass meeting on July 14, 1941, at
the Philharmonic Auditorium at which the new policy of the APM
and a program to aid the defeat of Hitlerism would be presented. That
Samuel Ornitz went along with the American Peace Mobilization in its
sudden twist is evidenced by the same newspaper article which stated
that Ornitz would be one of the speakers at the aforementioned mass
meeting.
The International Labor Defense, American section of the Inter-
national Red Aid, with headquarters in Moscow, has been cited by former
Attorney General Biddle as the "legal arm of the Communist Party "
(Congressional Record, September 24, 1942).
It has been cited by the Special Committee on Un-American Activi-
ties as a Communist front on June 25, 1942, and March 29, 1944.
Its chief interest was the defense of Communist cases. According
to a 1937 letterhead of the International Labor Defense, Mr. Ornitz
was a member of its advisory board. He was also a member of its national
committee. Equal Justice, official organ of the International Labor
Defense, for May, 1940, page 7, carries the greetings of Samuel Ornitz.
Closely associated with the International Labor Defense, and
similar in its purposes, was the National Committee for the Defense
of Political Prisoners. This organization has been cited by Attorney
General Biddle as "substantially equivalent to International Labor
Defense, the legal arm of the Communist Party. "
It has defended such prominent Communists as Angelo Herndon,
William Schneiderman, and Earl Browder (Congressional Record,
September 24, 1942). It has been cited as a Communist front by the
Special Committee on Un-American Activities on June 25, 1942, and
March 29, 1944. Mr. Ornitz is listed as a member of this committee on
its letterhead dated October 31, 1935.
The National Committee for People 's Rights was a successor organ-
ization to the National Committee for the Defense of Political Prisoners.
According to Attorney General Biddle, "In January, 1938, the name
156 UN- AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
was changed to the National Committee for People's Rights" (Con-
gressional Record, September 24, 1942). This committee has been cited
as a Communist front by the Special Committee on Un-American Activi-
ties on March 29, 1944, and June 25, 1942. According to the official
organ of the National Committee for People's Rights, entitled "News
You Don't Get, " for November 15, 1938, Mr. Ornitz is listed as a member.
The criminal syndicalism laws of the various states have been bit-
terly fought by the Communist Party because they are directed chiefly
against their machinations. According to the New Masses, of December
1931, page 30, Mr. Ornitz is listed as a speaker at a meeting held at the
Star Casino in New York, on December 6, 1931, to fight the "vicious
criminal-syndicalism law of Kentucky."
The campaign in behalf of the Scottsboro boys was conducted chiefly
by the International Labor Defense, described above. According to the
Western Worker, official Communist organ of July 13, 1936, Mr. Ornitz
was a participant at a benefit in behalf of the campaign for the Scotts-
boro boys, who had previously been convicted. This benefit affair was held
at Club Alabama in Los Angeles.
World-wide condemnation accompanied the so-called Moscow trials,
which were used by the Soviet Regime to eliminate all its critics. These
trials were universally held to be a travesty of justice. According to Soviet
Russia Today, of March, 1937, pages 14 and 15, Mr. Ornitz was a signer
of an open letter to American liberals, defending these trials. A similar
statement appeared in the Daily Worker of April 28, 1938, page 4, as "A
Statement of American Progressives on the Moscow Trials."
Mr. Ornitz again was listed as a signer.
Leon Trotsky was a Soviet official who broke with Stalin and sought
asylum in Mexico. According to the Western Worker, a west-coast edition
of the Daily Worker, dated March 1, 1937, Samuel Ornitz was one of the
51 persons who signed an open letter criticizing the American Committee
for the Defense of Trotsky. The open letter also denounced demands for
investigation of the Russian "purge" trial as political interference in
the internal affairs of the Soviet Union with hostile intent.
International Literature is the official organ of the International
Union of Revolutionary Writers, which had its headquarters in Moscow.
International Literature, No. 7, dated July, 1938, page 105, listed a group
of individuals who were signers to a "Statement of American Intel-
lectuals."
The statement voiced approval of the attempt of the Soviet Union to
preserve and extend its gains and strength by the then recent Moscow
trials, and it supported efforts of the Soviet Union to "free itself from
insidious internal dangers." Samuel Ornitz was listed as one of the
signers of this statement.
In August, 1943, a committee was organized for a reception for Prof.
S. Michoels and Col. I. Feffer, members of the first official Soviet Jewish
delegation to the United States. According to the Peoples World of
August 9, 1943, page 3, Samuel Ornitz was a member of the national
reception committee for these men.
New Masses is an official Communist weekly which has been cited as
a Communist periodical by former Attorney General Francis Biddle
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 157
(Congressional Eecord, September 24, 1942). It was also cited as a Com-
munist magazine by the Special Committee on Un-American Activities
on June 24, 1942, and March 29, 1944. Samuel Ornitz has contributed to
New Masses, as evidenced by the issues of the publication dated Decem-
ber 1931, page 4; October 1931, page 3; August 27, 1940, page 12; and
August 12, 1941, page 19. It is an accepted Communist practice to limit
the use of the columns of its publications to persons who toe the party line.
The Zukas-SCMWA Committee was organized in defense of B.
Joseph Zukas, who was a Communist leader of the State, County, and
Municipal Workers in the California Relief Administration, whose activ-
ities were under investigation by a California State Assembly committee
in 1940. According to the letterhead of this committee, dated July 15,
1940, Mr. Ornitz was a sponsor.
The Morning Freiheit is the official Communist organ in the Jewish
language. The Peoples World of October 18, 1943, page 3, lists Mr. Ornitz
as vice chairman of the Los Angeles Chapter of the Morning Freiheit
Association.
The Peoples World for April 16, 1947, reported that Paul Novick,
Editor-in-Chief of the Morning Freiheit, New York City, would speak
on April 19, 1947, at the Embassy Auditorium, Ninth and Grand Streets,
in celebration of the twenty-fifth anniversary of the Freiheit. The article
further stated that Samuel Ornitz, "President of the Freiheit Asso-
ciation, Los Angeles," and Harry Daniels, Legislative Director of the
Communist Party, would also speak at the celebration.
Acting in accordance with the instructions of the Seventh Congress
of the Communist International issued in the summer of 1935, the Com-
munist Party conducted an -active campaign in behalf of the Spanish
Communists during the Spanish Civil War. At a meeting held at the
Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles on February 24, 1937, Mr. Ornitz
contributed toward a fund in support of these efforts.
The Abraham Lincoln Battalion (Brigade) was a military organi-
zation recruited by the Communist Party for the purpose of giving mili-
tary aid to the Spanish Communists.
Earl'Browder, former Executive Secretary of the Communist Party
has admitted that 60 percent of its corps were members of the Com-
munist Party. Mr. Ornitz is listed by the Peoples World of July 19, 1938,
as a speaker for an organization known as the Friends of the Abraham
Lincoln Brigade.
The Peoples World of July 30, 1938, page 3, lists him as a speaker
in honor of Harry Hynes and Virgil Rhetta, who were both members of
the Communist Party, killed in action with the Abraham Lincoln Bat-
talion. The Friends of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade is cited as a Com-
munist front by the Special Committee on Un-American Activities on
March 29, 1944, as is also the Abraham Lincoln Brigade or Battalion.
The League of American Writers was the American affiliate of the
International Union of Revolutionary Writers, with headquarters in
Moscow. It has been cited as a Communist front by the Special Com-
mittee on Un-American Activities on January 3, 1940, June 25, 1942,
and March 29, 1944.
It has also been cited as under Communist auspices by Attorney-
General Biddle in the Congressional Eecord of September 24, 1942.
158 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
The organization has been pledged to the defense of the Soviet Union
and "use of art as an instrument of the class struggle. " Mr. Ornitz is
listed by the Daily Worker of January 18, 1935, page 5, as a signer of
the call for the Congress of American Revolutionary Writers, which
founded the League of American Writers.
The Daily Worker of September 14, 1942, page 7, lists Mr. Ornitz
as a signer of a statement issued by the League of American Writers
demanding the opening of a second front. This statement was issued
after Hitler's attack on Stalin and the change of the Communist Party
line from antiwar to prowar.
Samuel Ornitz also was one of the signers of the call to the fourth
congress, held by the League of American Writers in New York City,
June 6-8, 1941.
The Writers Congress held October 1, 2, 3, 1943, was organized
by the Hollywood Writers Mobilization, as successor to the Hollywood
Chapter of the League of American Writers. On the official program of
the Writers Congress, Mr. Ornitz is listed as a member of the panel of
minority groups.
The Progressive Citizens of America was founded as a frankly pro-
Communist group as a result of a split in the Independent Citizens
Committee of the Arts, Sciences, and Professions, after Harold L. Ickes
and other liberals had condemned the Independent Citizens Committee
as Communist dominated. Mr. Ornitz is listed by the Daily Worker of
July 5, 1947, page 11, as a participant in the conference of the Holly-
wood Arts, Sciences, and Professions Council of the Progressive Citizens
of America. The Progressive Citizens of America has been cited by the
Committee on Un-American Activities as a Communist front in its report
on June 12, 1947.
The Hollywood Anti-Nazi League was founded by Isaac Romaine,
alias V. J. Jerome, member of the Central Committee of the Communist
Party. It was dissolved upon the signing of the Stalin-Hitler Pact. Accord-
ing to the Hollywood Now of June 16, 1939, official organ of the League,
Mr. Ornitz is listed as a member who was active since the organization
was founded. According to the People's World of August 11, 1938, page
1, he was a speaker at a meeting which founded the organization. Holly-
wood Now of September 28, 1938, again lists him as a speaker.
The International Workers Order was cited by Attorney General
Biddle as "one of the strongest Communist organizations " (Congres-
sional Record, September 24, 1942). The Special Committee on Un-
American Activities has cited this organization as a Communist front
on January 3, 1940, and June 25, 1942. The organization has actively
supported Communist campaigns, candidates, and the Communist Party
press.
On February 4, 1940, Mr. Ornitz was the principal speaker at a
meeting of the International Workers Order, held at 972 North Hobart
Boulevard, Los Angeles.
Again, the People's World of June 4, 1943, page 2, lists him as a
speaker under the auspices of the Franz Boas Lodge of the International
Workers Order in Los Angeles. The People's World of November 16,
1943, page 2, mentions Mr. Ornitz as a speaker at a meeting held on
November 22, 1943, at Carpenters Hall, 5164 Santa Monica Boulevard,
Los Angeles.
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 159
The Hollywood League for Democratic Action cooperated with the
Hollywood Peace Forum at a meeting held at the Wilshire-Ebell Audi-
torium on May 3, 1940. Mr. Ornitz was a speaker. The Hollywood League
for Democratic Action was the predecessor of the Hollywood branch of
the Independent Citizens Committee of the Arts, Sciences, and Pro-
fessions, which is * lentioned above.
The American Student Union has been cited as a Communist front
by the Special Committee on Un-American Activities on January 3, 1940,
June 25, 1942, and March 29, 1944. The Rapp-Coudert committee investi-
gating Communist activities in the New York public schools has cited this
as an organization ' ' for transmitting the aims and programs of which the
Young Communist League is the initiating and projecting element."
Mr. Ornitz was one of the principal instructors of the American
Student Union camp held in the San Bernardino Mountains from
August 18 to 25, 1940.
The Workers International Relief was an international organiza-
tion, with headquarters in Moscow, which raised funds for Communist-
led strikes and campaigns throughout the world. It was closely associated
with the International Labor Defense. According to the Daily Worker
of May 8, 1934, Mr. Ornitz was the chairman of an open-forum meeting,
held in Los Angeles on April 15, 1934, in behalf of the Workers Inter-
national Relief.
According to People's World of January 21, 1940, Mr. Ornitz was
a sponsor for the Conference for Democratic Action held at Fresno,
California. This organization has been cited as a Communist front by
the California Joint Fact-Finding Committee on Un-American Activities,
in its report for 1943, page 91. It is closely linked to the Hollywood
League for Democratic Action cited above.
Actors Laboratory is a training school for actors in Hollywood
whose officers have lengthy records of Communist-front activity as
evidenced in attached reports; such officers include Roman Bohnen,
chairman; Larry Parks, treasurer; Morris Carnovsky, Jules Dassin',
Edward Dmytryk, members of the executive board.
The organization cooperated with the Hollywood Writers Mobiliza-
tion which has been described above. An undated leaflet of the Actors
Laboratory Theatre, entitled "An Evening for the Lab." lists Samuel
Ornitz and his wife as ' ' audience sponsors. ' '
The Motion Picture Artists Committee was an affiliate of the North
American Committee to Aid Spanish Democracy, which was also part
of the campaign to aid Spanish Communists. The North American Com-
mittee was cited as a Communist front by the Special Committee on
Un-American Activities on January 3, 1940, and March 29, 1944, and
by Prof. John Dewey's Committee for Cultural Freedom in April, 1940.
The Motion Picture Artists Committee was led by William Gropper,
well-known cartoonist for the Communist press, and Kyle Crichton,
alias Robert Forsythe, a frequent contributor to New Masses. Samuel
Ornitz was a member of the Motion Picture Artists Committee, according
to Who's Who in America, volume 20 (1938-39, page 1904).
160 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
AMERICAN PEACE CRUSADE
The American Peace Crusade was organized by the Communists in
California in preparation for the national gathering, which became
known as the American Peace Mobilization. Its purpose was the creation
of an organization to put the terms of the Stalin-Hitler Pact into effect
in the United States.
Kate Crane-Gartz, wealthy benefactor of Communist causes, sent
a letter to President Roosevelt on May 18, 1940, protesting against the
building of more warships. Her letter was reprinted by the Pasadena
Council, American Peace Crusade, Ralph Cheney, coordinator, urging
cooperation.
On June 8, 1940, the American Peace Crusade held a meeting on
the steps of the City Hall in Los Angeles, after which an estimated
crowd of around 20,000 marched to the Olympic Auditorium. The follow-
ing Communist front organizations and individuals sponsored this meet-
ing : Los Angeles Congress of Industrial Organizations, Industrial Union
Council, the California Youth Legislature, the Hollywood Peace Forum,
Labor's Non-Partisan League, the National League Conference, Work-
ers ' Alliance of America, Joseph Curran for the National Maritime Union,
Theodore Dreiser, Jack McMichael for the American Youth Congress,
Louis Goldblatt, secretary of the California State Congress of Industrial
Organizations Industrial Union Council, and Herbert Biberman.
The American Peace Crusade denounced the Burke- Wadsworth
conscription bill as marking * ' military rule, the end of free speech ' ' and
' * some of the things fascism means. ' '
The official organ of the American Peace Crusade was the Age of
Treason.
A leaflet of the American Peace Crusade entitled " Think Clearly!"
listed the officers of the organization as Herbert Biberman, Carey Me Wil-
liams, Mrs. Mary Aidlin, Maynard Hamilton, Dr. Morris Feder, Rev. Carl
Allen, Herb Sorrell, Philip M. Connelly, Mrs. Lee Bachelis, Rev. Hamil-
ton Boswell, Don Healey and Ernest Dawson.
The frenzy with which the Communists attempted to organize the
American Peace Crusade is indicated by the following mimeographed
leaflet :
"Information for Peace Crusaders
"(1) The one big job for every Peace Crusader during the
coming nine days is to help organize the first meeting of the County
Crusade Council. This meeting will be held on Tuesday, June 18th,
at 8 p.m. at the First Unitarian Church, 2936 W. Eighth Street (near
Vermont).
1 ' (2) First of all, we have the task of getting all possible organi-
zations to elect delegates to the Council meeting. All types of organi-
zations— trade-union, cultural, fraternal, church, sport, Negro,
youth, women, veterans, Mexican, etc. — should elect delegates. Each
city-wide operation and each local or branch of that organization,
should be urged to elect from one to three delegates, depending on
its size. (Enclosed is a copy of a call for delegates to the County
Council meeting. This call should be brought on the floor of every
organization possible. )
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 161
11 (3) The second main task for the coming nine days is to start
as many Crusade Clubs as possible. Starting such a club is simple.
It merely requires that you get together five or more of your shop
mates, or fellow employees, or friends, or relatives, or neighbors,
who agree to work for the cause of peace along the lines of the
American Peace Crusade. Each club set up is entitled to send one
delegate to the County Council.
"All Crusaders receiving this kit are requested to attend this
first meeting of the County Council on June 18th.
" (4) At the first meeting of your Crusade Club, it is suggested
that you discuss the principles of the Crusade and ways and means
of promoting the growth of the Crusade. This should revolve around
the questions of securing affiliations of organizations and the build-
ing of additional clubs.
" (5) The program, principles and organizational rules of the
American Peace Crusade will be discussed and voted upon at the
County Council meeting on the 18th. It is the tentative plan of the
Crusade to issue weekly or bi-weekly small pamphlets and folders
for wide public distribution. Various phases of peace activity and
campaigns will be undertaken regularly.
" (6) Be sure to be present at the County Council meeting. Be
sure to have your Crusade Club or organization represented. Come
prepared to take part in the discussion and contribute your sug-
gestions. ' '
Captains were appointed for Southern California assembly districts.
A mimeographed list in the possession of the Senate Fact-Finding Com-
mittee on Un-American Activities reveals that the following individuals
were appointed to coordinate the activities of the American Peace Cru-
sade clubs in the indicated Assembly Districts: Frank Beyea, 43d;
Kaphael Konigsberg, 44th ; R. Osland, 45th ; Ralph Cheyney, 47th ; Dena
Peterson, 49th; Rev. Carl Allen, 51st; Dr. Morris Feder, 52d; Celia
Wilby, 53d ; Lillian MacKay, 54th ; James L. Meachen, 55th ; Calvert S.
Wilson, 56th ; Jean Sackheim, 57th ; Cecile Spiegel, 58th ; Sidney Melin-
koff, 59th ; Alice Fisher, 60th ; Ernest Dawson, 61st ; Willia Mae Lewis,
62d ; Malcolm Caldwell, 63d ; Jude Sollins, 64th ; Eleanor Holmer, 65th ;
Alice Elconin, 66th ; Clara Towne, 67th; Chester Jordan, 68th and Delay
Bennett, 70th and 71st.
AMERICAN PEACE MOBILIZATION
One of the boldest and most flagrant of all Communist fronts, the
American Peace Mobilization, was organized for the purpose of support-
ing Soviet Russia during the Stalin-Hitler pact. This was the period
August, 1939, to the invasion of the Ukraine by Hitler's panzer divisions
in June of 1941. While Hitler and Stalin were joined in a partnership-
looting of Europe, the Communists in the United States, working through
the American Peace Mobilization, did everything within their power to
keep the United States from arming and assisting Great Britain. In one
12— L-7088-D
162 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
of its official statements, issued in March, 1941, the American Peace
Mobilization declared :
"But even if we don't approve of England's war, isn't her side
still preferable to Hitler's; and isn't it better to fight and beat
Hitler with England than without her? No. An English victory
will result in the same sort of imperialist, anti-democratic peace as
will a Nazi victory. ' '
At the time of the issuance of the foregoing statement, the American
Peace Mobilization was engaged in picketing the White House. Its pickets
carried placards which denounced the President as a warmonger and a
tool of Wall Street. There were also placards wrhich denounced lend-
lease, and others which described the war as an imperialist conflict, etc.
Young Communist members continuously passed out leaflets at UCLA
and the University of California at Berkeley calling upon the students
to resist conscription, lend-lease and to keep out of "the British
Imperialist War. ' '
On the very day that Hitler attacked Russia, the American Peace
Mobilization withdrew its pickets from the White House. The organiza-
tion itself was promptly disbanded, and its erstwhile adherents became
vociferous American patriots demanding an immediate entrance of the
United States into the war.
The American Peace Mobilization carried on part of its agitation
with songs. The chorus of one is illustrative :
* ' Oh Franklin Roosevelt told the people how he felt ;
We damn near believed what he said.
He said, I hate war and so does Eleanor,
But we won 't be safe 'till everybody 's dead. ' '
The Daily Worker for September 3, 1940, carried a list of the
permanent officers elected September 2, 1940, to lead the American Peace
Mobilization. The Rev. John B. Thompson of Oklahoma was elected
chairman. Reid Robinson, President of the Mine, Mill and Smelter Work-
ers, CIO; Paul Robeson, Negro baritone; Congressman Vito Marcan-
tonio of New York State ; Jack McMichael, Chairman of the American
Youth Congress; Theodore Dreiser, novelist; Katherine Terrell, Execu-
tive Secretary of the Institute for Pacific Relations, and Frederic Field,
Secretary of the Institute for Pacific Relations, were elected vice chair-
men.
The following were elected to the National Council of the American
Peace Mobilization : Prof. Walter Rautenstrauch, Howard Bay, Marc
Blitzstein, Donald Ogden Stewart, Harry Van Arsdale, James Carey,
Hugh Delacy, Herbert Biberman, Joseph Cadden, Dr. Walter Neff,
George Marshall, Elmer Felhaber, John P. Davis, Harvey O'Connor,
Morris Watson, Rev. Owen Knox, Leonard Goldsmith, Gerald Harris, Sr.,
Carl Swanson, Grace Makepeace, Herbert Long, Howard Lee, Donald
Henderson, Rev. Chad. W'ilson, Virgil Mason, Henry Donaghue, Mervyn
Rathbone, Charles Doraine, Pearl Hart, Abram Flaxer, Rabbi Moses,
Revels Cayton, Joseph Curran, John DeBoer, Dr. Max Yergan, Millen
Brand, Carl Sandburg, Richard Wright, Langston Hughes, Carey
Me Williams, Earl Robinson, Rev. Frank Smith, Charles E. Gley, J. P.
Merrill, George Nelson, Michael Quill, Dr. Abraham Cronbach, George S.
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 163
Murphy, Charles Fine, Cortney Ward, Clinton Clark, Bella Dodd, Rev.
Owen Whitfield, Manual Lucas, Virgil 0 'Connor, Grant Oakes, William
Hixson, Norman McKibben, Enoch Price, Prof. Franz Boas, Mrs. Mar-
garet Gayle, Oscar Ameringer, William Ross, William Harrison, Clifford
0 'Brien, Phillip Connelly, Meyer Adelman, Louis Berne, George Seldes,
Charles Digg, Saul Brunin, and Aline Davis Hayes.
Among the sponsors of the American Peace Mobilization are the
following: Rev. Malcolm Dobbs, Dashiell Hammett, William Gropper,
Rockwell Kent, Albert Maltz, Ruth McKenney, Anna M. W. Penny-
packer, Louis Weinstock, Millen Brand, William E. Dodd, Jr., Muriel
Draper, John Howard Lawson, Canada Lee, Howard Lee, Bruce Minton,
Paul Strand, Meyer Adelman, Frank C. Brancroft, Michael Blankfort,
Warren K. Billings, Joseph P. Cadden, Dora Jones, Alex North, Artie
Shaw, Joe Van Nordstrant, and Mrs. Alice H. Ware.
Among the Calif ornians sponsoring this most blatant and obvious
Communist front are the following : Dr. T. Addis, Stanford University
School of Medicine; Louise Bransten of the Communist Civil Rights
Council of Northern California; Phillip M. Connelly, California State
Industrial Council ; V. J. Conner, editor of the Southern News Almanac,
Los Angeles; Charles Garry, National Lawyers Guild, San Francisco;
Rev. Emil Meyer, San Jose ; John 0 'Donnell, assistant secretary, Marine
Cooks and Stewards Association, San Francisco ; Henry Schmidt, presi-
dent, International Longshoremen Workers Union, Local 1-10, San
Francisco; Rev. Dillon W. Throckmorton, Trinity Methodist Church,
Bakersfield; John Wagner, Piledrivers and Bridge Builders Local 34,
A. F. L., San Francisco, and Prof. F. W. Weymouth, Department of
Physiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto.
On April 6, 1940, the American Peace Mobilization held a meeting
in New York City and 688 of the delegates present signed a petition
demanding the release of Earl Browder, Secretary General of the Com-
munist Party who had been convicted of passport fraud and was then
serving his sentence in a United States penitentiary. The petition read :
* ' We, the undersigned, are shocked at the severe sentence which
has been meted out to Earl Russell Browder on a trivial technical
violation of the passport law. The severity of this sentence bears
out the fact that this is a case of extreme political persecution,
because of Earl Browder 's position on the war. He has been
victimized as the first major war prisoner in the same way as Eugene
V. Debs was made the first labor prisoner of World War I.
"We protest this shameful persecution and demand the imme-
diate freedom of Earl Browder. ' '
The Stalin-Hitler Pact was faithfully followed by the Communists
in the United States. While the American Peace Mobilization pursued its
continuous agitation, Communist dominated CIO unions conducted a
wave of strikes in all plants engaged in the manufacture of planes and
instruments of war and defense. That these activities were directed from
Moscow there can be no doubt. The New York Times for March 27, 1940,
carried the following item:
"Moscow, March 26 (AP) — The magazine Communist Inter-
nationale said today that the working classes of the United States
164 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
and Canada should unite more closely to keep the United States out
of war 'and to drag Canada from it.' "
This struggle against ' i imperialistic war" conducted by Great
Britain, the paper said, ' ' should be expressed in traditional mass strikes. ' '
The letterhead of the Los Angeles branch of the American Peace
Mobilization listed its headquarters at 603-04 Delta Building, 426 South
Spring Street and gave the phone number as Michigan 2092. Rev. John
B. Thompson is listed as National Chairman and Frederick V. Field
as the National Executive Secretary. The Los Angeles chairman is
Herbert Biberman and Tom Cullen, a veteran Communist fronter, is
listed as executive secretary. The Los Angeles Executive Board was
composed of John Stapp, Richard S. Otto, Sam Houston Allen, Rev.
Herbert L. Herberts, Rev. Carl Allen, Evelyn Vinton, William Dohan,
Rosendo Rivera, Glenda Sullivan, Anna Manus, George Brownstem,
Al Lockett and Nell Mansfield.
A mimeographed letter signed by Tom Cullen under the date of
May 26, 1941 is as follows :
' ' Dear Friend : By the time you receive this letter President
Roosevelt may have delivered his Fireside Chat. We have had no
sneak preview of Roosevelt's speech and yet we can tell you the full
import of it.
' ' Whatever Roosevelt says tomorrow night will push the nation
that much further into war. It may be outright convoys or it may
be 'patrols' to protect 'freedom of the seas.' However Roosevelt
phrases it, it means your life and my life, and the lives of millions
of us, unless we organize to fight back now. A complete answer
to President Roosevelt's war speech will ~be given ~by the American
Peace Mobilization at a mass meeting at the Embassy Auditorium,
Thursday, May 29, at 8 p.m. Roosevelt will be challenged by such
outstanding speakers as Herbert Biberman, Norman Byrne, and
Bill Elconin of^the CIO Electrical Workers' Union.
"In addition, there will be presented for the first time, a new
one act play, titled, 'With a Banker On My Knee,' written about
the draft camps here in California.
"Admission is only 20 cents, so come and bring a carload of
neighbors. Proceeds will be earmarked for use in an outdoor demon-
stration planned for the near future. ' '
Herbert Joseph Biberman has a long Communist record. He is one
of the recalcitrant witnesses who refused to testify before the Thomas
Committee in the fall of 1947. Lewis J. Russell testified before the
Thomas Committee that Herbert Biberman held card 47267 of the
Communist Party in 1944. His address was given as 3259 Deronda
Drive, Los Angeles. Mr. Russell stated that the card contained a state-
ment "New Card issued on December 10, 1944" and that another nota-
tion read; "1944 Card No. 46844."
The Communist record of Herbert Biberman begins on page 415 of
the congressional report above referred to. It fully corroborates the
information contained in the files of the Senate Fact-Finding Commit-
tee on Un-American Activities, and is as follows :
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 165
The People's Educational Center was founded and is conducted
by leading members of the Communist Party in Los Angeles and Holly-
wood. It is the successor to the Communist Los Angeles Workers School,
which participated in the founding and development of the People's
Educational Center.
The People's World of January 13, 1944, page 4, states that Herbert
Biberman was on the staff of the People's Educational Center during
that year, and according to the summer 1945 catalog of that school, he
was listed as a lecturer. His biography included therein states that he
spent "6 months in the U. S. S. R. studying the Soviet theater." The
People's World is the official west coast organ of the Communist Party.
Herbert Biberman 's affiliation with the People's Educational Center
during the year 1947 is shown in Variety, June 30, 1947, page 10.
In an exhibit presented before the Special Committee on Un-
American Activities during the public hearings (vol. 14, p. 8585),
Herbert Biberman 's name appears as a sponsor of a testimonial dinner
to Leo Gallagher. In 1938 Leo Gallagher was the Communist Party
candidate for the office of secretary of state in California. The dinner
was held on June 2, 1941, in Los Angeles.
Mr. Biberman has written for the New Masses, the official weekly
magazine of the Communist Party which was described as a "Commu-
nist Periodical" by Attorney General Francis Biddle in the Congres-
sional Record of September 24, 1942, page 7688. His contributions appear
in the issues of August 20, 1940, page 8 ; June 17, 1941, page 17 ; July 8,
1941, page 26 ; and July 29, 1941, page 16.
The Daily Worker of September 3, 1940, page 4, which is the official
organ of the Communist Party of the United States, named Herbert
Biberman as a member of the National Council of the American Peace
Mobilization, and his name appears as one of the signers of the Call to
the American People's Meeting which was held in New York City,
April 5-6, 1941.
The proceedings of the first convention, November 30 — December
1, 1940, page 4, also lists his name as the honorary chairman of the
Los Angeles Branch of the organization. The American Peace Mobili-
zation will be remembered as the organization which picketed the White
House during the time of the Stalin-Hitler pact. On the day that Hitler
attacked Russia, the pickets were withdrawn from the White House.
According to New Masses of August 6, 1940, page 22, Herbert Biberman
was the temporary chairman and speaker at an April 6, 1940, mass
meeting of the American Peace Crusade, which was the forerunner of
the American Peace Mobilization in California.
He was also listed as an officer of the American Peace Crusade in
the leaflet, "We, the People of the United States, Will Keep Out of
War, ' ' published by that organization. According to the Daily Worker
of April 21, 1941, page 7, Herbert Biberman was a leader of the Amer-
ican Peace Crusade which aided in the formation of the American Peace
Mobilization. The Emergency Peace Mobilization was held on August
31 to September 2, 1940, in Chicago, for the purpose of organizing the
American Peace Mobilization.
Mr. Biberman is listed on a program leaflet of June 7, 1940, page 4,
and a letterhead of June 3, 1940, as a member of the provisional com-
mittee of the Conference on Constitutional Liberties in America which
166 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
was cited as a Communist front by the Special Committee on Un-Amer-
ican Activities in the report of March 29, 1944.
The Conference on Constitutional Liberties in America was the
predecessor to the National Federation for Constitutional Liberties, an
organization noted for its defense of Communists. A letterhead of the
latter organization lists Mr. Biberman as a sponsor.
In addition to being cited as a Communist front by the Special
Committee on Un-American Activities in the report of June 25, 1942,
and March 29, 1944, and by the Committee on Un-American Activities
in the report of June 12, 1947, the National Federation for Constitu-
tional Liberties was cited by Attorney General Francis Biddle in these
words: "The defenses of Communist leaders such as Sam Darcy and
Robert Wood, party secretaries for Pennsylvania and Oklahoma, have
been major efforts of the federation" (Congressional Record, Sept. 24,
1942, p. 7687).
The American Committee to Save Refugees was a part of the Com-
munist campaign for Loyalist Spain, and it provided transportation and
support for international Communist agents such as Gerhart Eisler.
An undated folder, "For the Rescue of Refugees," lists the name of
Herbert Biberman as a signer of a pro-Soviet statement of this organiza-
tion. The American Committee to Save Refugees was also cited as a
Communist front by the Special Committee on Un-American Activities
in report 1311, March 29, 1944.
The Communist International at its seventh congress which was
held in Moscow in 1935, instructed the various Communist Parties to
assist in the Spanish Communist cause. The Communist Party of the
United States, in response to these orders, set up a Spanish-aid campaign
and formed organizations to accomplish this task.
One of these was the North American Committee to Aid Spanish
Democracy, which was cited as a Communist front by the Special Com-
mittee on Un-American Activities in reports of January 3, 1940, and
March 29, 1944, as well as by the Committee for Cultural Freedom,
Professor Dewey, chairman, April, 1940. Herbert Biberman was listed
as a member of the local sponsoring committee for the North American
Committee to Aid Spanish Democracy in a letterhead of that committee.
The Daily Worker of August 17, 1937, page 3, reveals that Herbert
Biberman was a sponsor of a benefit for Spanish Loyalist children, and
another Daily Worker, that of September 17, 1937, page 9, shows that
he was a contributor to an ambulance for Loyalist Spain. Both of these
projects were in accordance with the orders of the Communist Inter-
national.
The first congress of Mexican and Spanish-American Peoples,
which was supported by Latin-American Communist Parties, was cited
as a Communist front by the Special Committee on Un-American Activi-
ties in the report of March 29, 1944, and by the Committee on Un-Ameri-
can Activities in the report of September 2, 1947. A mimeographed
release, dated March 24-26, 1939, lists Mr. Biberman as a signer of the
call to the congress.
The Hollywood Democratic Committee, which succeeded the Holly-
wood Anti-Nazi League, was organized by Isaac Romaine, also known
as V. J. Jerome, a member of the central committee of the Communist
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 167
Party. Mr. Biberman's connection with this organization is shown by
an official ballot, dated July 26, 1944, on which his name appeared as a
candidate for office in that organization.
The Communist press has given its support to a petition for the
pardon of Festus Coleman, of which Mr. Biberman was a signer, accord-
ing to the People's World, October 16, 1942, page 2.
According to tha Daily Worker, September 14, 1942, page 7, and
People's World, September 23, 1942, page 5, Herbert Biberman was a
signer of a statement of the League of American Writers in behalf of
a second front. The League of American Writers had been pledged to
defend the Soviet Union and "use of art as an instrument of the class
struggle. ' ' The Clipper, a publication of the league, lists Herbert Biber-
man as a contributor in its August, 1941, copy, page 31. It was affiliated
with the International Union of Revolutionary Writers, with head-
quarters in Moscow and has been cited as a Communist front by the
Special Committee on Un-American Activities on three occasions. (See
committee reports, January 3, 1940, June 15, 1942, and March 29, 1944.)
Also, Attorney General Francis Biddle has said that * ' the overt activities
of the League of American Writers in the last two years leave little doubt
of its Communist control" (Congressional Record, September 24, 1942,
p. 7686).
The New Theatre of July, 1936, page 14, contains an article by Mr.
Biberman. New Theatre was the official organ of the League of Workers
Theatres, an affiliate of the International Union of Revolutionary The-
atres, with headquarters in Moscow, and was cited as a Communist front
by the Special Committee on Un-American Activities in report 1311,
March 29, 1944. The Associated Film Audiences, which merged with
Films for Democracy to form Film Audiences for Democracy, was
organized for the purpose of gaining the support of audiences for pro-
Communist films. During the time of the Stalin-Hitler Pact it was anti-
war in conformance with the Communist Party line. Mr. Biberman was
a member of the executive board of Associated Film Audiences, accord-
ing to Film Survey, May, 1939, page 4.
A letterhead, dated February 2, 1944, lists Herbert Biberman as a
national board member of the Jewish People's Committee, which was
headed by William Weiner, Reuben Salzman, Joseph R. Brodsky, and
other leading Communists. In the report of March 29, 1944, the Special
Committee on Un-American Activities cited the Jewish People's Com-
mittee as a Communist front.
Mr. Biberman's affiliation with the Consumers Union is shown by
the Consumers Union Reports, December, 1938, page 15, to which he was
a contributor. The Consumers Union was led by Arthur Kallet, alias
Edward Adams, a staff writer for the Daily Worker. The Special Com-
mittee on Un-American Activities cited it as a Communist front in the
report of March 29, 1944.
Herbert Biberman's name appears on a letterhead of February 24,
1940, as a sponsor of the Hollywood League for Democratic Action, the
predecessor of the Hollywood branch of the Independent Citizens Com-
mittee of the Arts, Sciences, and Professions. The issue of Communism
within the Independent Citizens Committee resulted in the dissolution
of the organization and the resignation of Harold L. Ickes and other
168 UN-AMERTCAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
liberals. The Committee on Un-American Activities cited the Hollywood
League for Democratic Action as a front organization defending Com-
munists in the report of June 12, 1947. It was also cited by the Committee
for Cultural Freedom, Prof. John Dewey, chairman, April, 1940.
According to evidence submitted to the Special Committee on
Un-American Activities during the public headings (vol. 1, p. 569),
Herbert Biberman was a member of the executive board of the Motion
Picture Artists Committee, affiliated with the North American Com-
mittee to Aid Spanish Democracy.
The Motion Picture Artists Committee was headed by William
Gropper, Kyle Crichton, also known as Kobert Forsythe, and other
writers for the Communist press. The North American Committee to Aid
Spanish Democracy, was cited as a Communist front by the Special
Committee on Un-American Activities in the reports of January 3, 1940,
and March 29, 1944, and by the Committee for Cultural Freedom, Prof.
John Dewey, chairman, April, 1940.
The Independent Citizens Committee of the Arts, Sciences, and Pro-
fessions split after Harold Ickes and other liberals condemned the organi-
zation as Communist dominated. The pro-Communist section, after the
split, formed the Progressive Citizens of America. The Progressive Citi-
zens of America was cited as a Communist front by the House Committee
on Un-American Activities in a report of June 12, 1947. The official bal-
lot of the Progressive Citizens of America, dated September 17, 1947,
lists Herbert Biberman as candidate for the executive board.
AMERICAN PEOPLE'S FUND
Frederick Vanderbilt Field is the head of this front. It was organ-
ized by Field as a repository for funds to be distributed to Communist
enterprises. Helen R. Bryan is the Treasurer of the American People's
Fund.
This Communist financial organization has paid out large sums of
money to the following Communist and Communist-front organizations :
National Council of American-Soviet Friendship, Southern Conference
for Human Welfare, Council for Pan- American Democracy, School for
Democracy (now the Jefferson School of Social Science), Allied Labor
News, National Negro Congress, American Committee for Protection
of Foreign Born, Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee, American Rus-
sian Institute, American Council Institute for Pacific Relations, Council
on African Affairs, Russian War Relief, Committee for the Care of
Young Children in War Time, Farm Research, and National Council
of Negro Youth.
AMERICAN RELIEF FOR GREEK DEMOCRACY
The headquarters of this Communist front is located at 111 West
42d Street in New York City. (This is the same address as the Com-
mittee for a Democratic Eastern Policy.) The organization is headed by
Robert St. John and Nicholas Cheronis. Vice chairmen are Mrs. Frank
Gervasi and John Vassos. Costa Couveras is the secretary. Among the
sponsors are Zlatko Balokovic, Elmer Benson, Hugh De Lacey, Henrietta
Buckmaster, Abram Flaxer, Betty Field (wife of Frederick V. Field),
Hugo Gellert, Mrs. Elinor S. Gimbel, William Gropper, Langston
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 169
Hughes, Albert E. Kahn, Rockwell Kent, Albert Maltz, Vito Marcan-
tonio, William H. Melish, Clifford Odets, A. Clayton Powell, Jr., and
Harry F. Ward. Eighteen of the sponsors of the American Relief for
Greek Democracy are either directors or sponsors of the National Council
of American-Soviet Friendship. Seventeen are sponsors of the Committee
for a Democratic Far Eastern Policy.
AMERICAN^.USSIAN INSTITUTE
Throughout the life of the Communist movement in the United
States the Communist Party has maintained front organizations and con-
ducted enterprises for the sole purpose of carrying on propaganda on
behalf of the Soviet Union. Some of the more important of these fronts
and enterprises have been Friends of Soviet Russia, Friends of the Soviet
Union, Soviet Russia Today, Russian Reconstruction Farms, Open Letter
for Closer Co-operation With the Soviet Union, Golden Book of Amer-
ican Friendship With the Soviet Union, Trade Union National Commit-
tee for Russian Relief, American Federated Russian Famine Relief Com-
mittee, Russian War Relief, Statement by American Progressives on the
Moscow Trials, Open Letter to American Liberals, and the American Rus-
sian Institute for Cultural Relations with the Soviet Union.
The American Russian Institute interlocks in many ways with the
American Council on Soviet Relations. This is strongly indicated by the
official organ of the group, the American Review on the Soviet Union, pre-
viously published as the American Quarterly on the Soviet Union. Among
its board of directors are Edward C. Carter, Henry Pratt Fairchild, John
A. Kingsbury, Mary Van Kleeck, Henry E. Sigerist, and Vilhjalmur
Stefansson (American Quarterly on the Soviet Union, January, 1930).
According to its folder prospectus, distributed freely at meetings of
the American Peace Mobilization, the American Russian Institute was
founded in 1926 as the clearing house for "factual" information on the
Soviet Union. It calls itself ' ' nonpolitical ' ' and ' ' American. ' '
It "arranges language courses, lectures, dinners and film showings"
and permits the free use of its library containing an index of ' ' 10 Soviet
newspapers."
The semiofficial status of the American Russian Institute is estab-
lished by certain outstanding facts : (1) The description appearing in the
August, 1941, issue of the American Review on the Soviet Union (back
cover inside) declares that "it aims to serve as an authoritative clearing
house for factual information concerning the Soviet Union." (2) The
April, 1940, issue of the American Quarterly on the Soviet Union (inside
cover) declares that the American Russian Institute furnishes informa-
tion to the Soviet Union, which means to the Soviet Government, since
there are no private agencies. (3) Without official contacts, the writers
for the organs of the American Russian Institute could not have access
to the various sources of information in the Soviet Union.
Basil Bass, Aaron Bodansky, Edward C. Carter, Samuel H. Cross,
Mortimer Graves, William W. Lancaster, Robert S. Lynd, Arthur Upham
Pope, Henry E. Sigerist, Ernest J. Simmons, Vilhjalmur Stefansson,
Maxwell S. Stewart, and Harriet L. Moore constituted the board of direc-
tors of the American Russian Institute at the close of World War II.
170 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
A letterhead of the American Russian Institute in the files of the Sen-
ate committee under date of July 14, 1938, carries the following names
as constituting the Board of Directors: Mrs. Kathleen Barnes, Aaron
Bodansky, Edward C. Carter, Mrs. Ethel Clyde, Louis Connick, George
S. Counts, William 0. Field, Jr., Lewis Gannett, Mortimer Graves, Wil-
liam S. Graves, Alcan Hirsch, John A. Kingsbury, Mary van Kleeck, Wil-
liam W. Lancaster, William Lescaze, William Allan Neilson, Mrs. George
F. Porter, Raymond Robins, Geroid T. Robinson, John Rothschild, Mrs.
Richard B. Scandrett, Jr., Whitney Seymour, Henry E. Sigerist, Lee
Simonson, Vilhjalmur Stefansson, Graham R. Taylor, Allen Wardwell,
Maurice Wertheim, and Mrs. Efrem Zimbalist. Harriet Moore is listed
as editor and Virginia Burdick as executive secretary.
A leaflet in the files of the Senate Committee reveals that the follow-
ing are the directors in Southern California : Dr. David Appleman, Alvah
Bessie, Edmund W. Cooke, Dr. George M. Day, Dr. Clyde K. Emery,
Thomas L. Harris, Constantin C. Korneff, Dr. E. Wilson Lyon, Jerome
W. MacNair, Lewis Milestone, Corinne A. Seeds, Dr. Harold U. Sverdrup,
Clara R. Walden, and Michael A. Walden. Mrs. Belle Dubnoff is listed as
the executive secretary and Dr. Francis M. Pottenger as the chairman.
Another leaflet lists the Board of Directors for Southern California
as follows : Judge Stanley Moffatt (chairman), Mrs. Belle Dubnoff (exec-
utive secretary), Jerome W. MacNair (treasurer), Dr. David Apple-
man, Thelma Boardman, Prof. George M. Day, Dr. Clyde K. Emery, Lion
Feuchtwanger, Sam Gardner, Dr. T. Percival Gerson, Dr. Sanford Gold-
ner, Kate Greenschpoon, Howard Koch, Constantin C. Korneff, Lewis
Milestone, Dr. Helen Hall Moreland, Lawrence Morton, Dr. F. M. Pot-
tenger, Anne C. Rosen, and Corinne A. Seeds.
The Southern California headquarters is located at 6618J Sunset
Boulevard, Hollywood. The telephone number is GRanite 4179.
On December 7 and 8, 1945, a Conference on American-Russian Cul-
tural Exchange was held at the University of California, Los Angeles
Campus, sponsored by Phi Beta Kappa Alumni in Southern California
with Eta Chapter Phi Beta Kappa (U. C. L. A.) and Sigma Xi Society
(U. C.L.A.).
The panel speakers and other participants of the conference included
many well known Communist Party-liners. Among them were Dr. Frank-
lin Fearing, John Howard Lawson, J. Leyda, Kenneth McGowan, Wil-
liam E. Oliver, William Dieterle, and Dr. Harry Hoijer. Dr. Clarence A.
Dykstra made several addresses. Dr. Thomas Mann also actively partici-
pated.
Holland Roberts spoke on "The Need of the Hour — American-
Russian Understanding" and "Philosophy of Education in the Soviet
Union." Holland Roberts (see committee's 1947 report) is connected with
the Communist Party's California Labor School in San Francisco and is
the President of the Communist American Russian Institute in San Fran-
cisco.
Another speaker was Dr. George M. Day, Secretary-treasurer of Phi
Beta Kappa Alumni. Dr. Day lived in Russia for 10 years before and
during the World War and has revisited Russia frequently since the revo-
lution. The People's Daily World for November 11, 1937, reports Dr. Day
speaking at a mass meeting of the American Russian Institute in Los
Angeles.
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 171
Dr. Percy L. Davis, Superintendent of Schools, Santa Monica, spoke
at one of the panels and said, in substance, that the Chambers of Com-
merce, Rotary Clubs, and the American Legion exercise too much control
over the public schools. He believed that members of these organizations
were convinced that Sovietism means Communism and that Communism
means labor trouble.
While there undoubtedly were a number of ' l innocents ' \ caught in
the conference, a check of the index of this report and the committee's
previous reports will indicate the Communist inspiration and guidance of
the affair. Those who were listed on the program as participating include
the following: Dr. David E. Henley, Dr. Clarence A. Dykstra, Holland
Roberts, Dr. James W. McBain, Mr. Stepan Apresian (Vice Consul
U. S. S. R. San Francisco), Dr. Thomas Mann, Dr. F. M. Pottenger
(American Russian Institute), Dr. J. Agins, Elena Boder, Dr. Reuben
Straus, Dr. Harvey E. Billing, Dr. M. N. Beigelman. Dr. Douglas R.
Drury, Dr. Theodore D. Beckwith, Dr. Elmer Belt, Dr. Clyde Emery
(American Russian Institute), Dr. Rudolph Marx, Ellarene McCoy, Dr.
Fraser X. McDonald, Dr. Lester M. Morrison, Dr. Elizabeth L. Woods,
Dr. Franklin Fearing, Corinne Seeds (American Russian Institute),
Robert J. Purdy, Althea Warren, Nina Antonyuk (Soviet Union), Dr.
Percy L. Davis, Dr. E. Manfred Evans, Dorothea Eltenton (American
Russian Institute, San Francisco), Dr. Helen Heffernan, Gertrude G.
Howard, Elizabeth A. Wood, Dr. Brainerd Dyer, Dr. Harry Hoijer, Dr.
Stuart R. Tompkins, Dr. S. B. Okun, Dr. Anatole G. Mazour, Dr. Ralph
Beals, Dean R. D. Hunt, Dr. Harold Bradley, Dr. Glenn S. Dumke, Dr.
Malbone Graham, Dr. J. Eugene Harley, Dr. Alonzo Baker, Dr. E.
Wilson Lyon, Dr. H. U. Sverdrup (American Russian Institute), Dr.
Joseph Weckler, Dr. Clayton Carus, Dr. Laurence de Rycke, John
Entenza, Dr. Arthur B. Gallion, Alexander P. Grachev, Thomas L. Har-
ris (National Council of American-Soviet Friendship), Reginald John-
son, J. E. Keith, David Reznick, Emerson Spear, Dr. George W. Zinke,
Dr. Bennet M. Allen, Dr. David Appleman (American Russian Insti-
tute), Dr. William H. Chandler, Dr. Michael Shapovalov, Dr. N. T.
Mirov, Dr. James Gilluly, Dr. James McBain, Dr. Frank Smiley, Dr.
Clifford Zieber, Dr. Mildred Struble, Irving Pichel, Milton Merlin, Dr.
Oleg Maslenikov, Dr. Frederic T. Blanchard, Theodore Dreiser, Dr.
Percy Houston, Albert Maltz, Samuel Rosen, Lee Strasberg, Sidney
Buchman, William Dieterle, Howard Koch (American Russian Insti-
tute), Alexander Knox, John Howard Lawson, Jay Ley da, Kenneth
MacGowan, Ben Maddow, William E. Oliver, Edward G. Robinson, Dr.
Stuart R. Tompkins, Walter E. Hartley, Dr. Walter Rubsamen, Dr.
Paul Pisk, Julian Brodetsky, Charles C. Hirt, Lawrence Morton, John R.
Crown, Dr. Edmund Cykler, Isabel Morse Jones, Dr. Alexis Kail,
Howard Swan, Dr. George M. Day, Jerome W. MacNair, and Dr. Robert
A. Millikan.
An American Russian Institute Bulletin for March, 1947, dis-
tributed in Southern California, lists the following ' ' cultural ' ' activities
for December, January, and February: Premiere of "The Turning
Point, " Soviet prize film with panel discussion by Albert Maltz, Edward
Dmytryk, Morris Carnovsky and Robert Rossen, 400 in attendance.
172 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Open membership meeting with cultural films. Children 's American Rus-
sian Christmas Party at the Los Angeles Downtown Public Library.
Reception and musical evening at the home of Mr. and Mrs. A. Soundel
Becker — over 70 in attendance. Reception for Mrs. Paul Robeson at the
home of Dr. and Mrs. Maurice Kowan — over 60 in attendance. Organiza-
tional meeting for the purpose of forming Pasadena Committee for the
ART. Twor luncheons in conjunction with sustaining fund drive. San
Pedro Committee: American Russian Concert at the YWCA attended
by 100.
An idea of the propagandizing efforts of this single Communist
front is indicated by the following notes from the same bulletin : ' ' Gorky
Exhibit in art and photography shown at the Long Beach and San
Pedro Public Libraries." "Our Speakers Bureau during this period
served Civic, Community Center, Women's University, Relief, Sorority,
Public Library, and International Relations groups. 17 audience in all. ' '
"Press conference for Soviet architect." "Pictures and copy about
Children's party." "The 'Turning Point' received more than 80 inches
in 11 local newspapers, including the Daily News, Hollywood Citizen
News, Hollywood Reporter, Herald-Express. ' '
Under date of October 28, 1947, Stanley Moffat sent out a mimeo-
graphed letter announcing that the Red Dean of Canterbury, Rev. Hew-
lett Johnson, would speak as a guest of the American Russian Institute on
November 21, 1947, at the Philharmonic Auditorium in Los Angeles. The
Dean of Canterbury, Hewlett Johnson, is England 's contribution to the
Red Scourge. Stanley Moffat is a self-avowed, if somewhat frenzied,
admirer of Stalin and the Red dictatorship. He not only lends his name
to Communist causes and organizations, but hurls himself into Com-
munist activities with a vigorous abandonment that is almost incredible.
To say that Moffat has disgraced the justice's court is to make an
understatement.
Haakon M. Chevalier, accompanied by his attorney, Francis
McCarty, appeared and testified before the committee at its Oakland
hearings, November 6, 1947. While his memory was apparently faulty in
many respects he was able to recall some of his affiliations in Communist
fronts and Communist activities. He admitted that he had been connected
with the Communist publication, Black and White, the League of Ameri-
can Writers, Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee, Western Writers
Congress, Inter-Professional Association, Northern California Civil
Rights Council, Festus Coleman Committee, State Wide Civil Rights
Conference, and the American Russian Institute.
Chevalier stated that he had subscribed to the People's Daily World
and admitted being acquainted with most of California's prominent
Communists and Communist fellow-travelers. He admitted attending a
reception at the Soviet Consulate in San Francisco, celebrating an anni-
versary of the Communist revolution. He stated that he had visited the
Soviet Vice Consul Ivanov together with Prof. Alexander Cowan of the
University of California in 1942 or 1943.
He stated that he became acquainted with Dorothea Eltenton, secre-
tary of the American Russian Institute and affiliated with the Institute
of Pacific Relations, and her husband, Dr. George C. Eltenton, in 1938.
He was acquainted with Frank Oppenheimer and his brother J. Robert
Oppenheimer.
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 173
The following is part of the transcript testimony of Haakon M.
Chevalier :
' ' Q. (By Mr. Combs) : Now, Mr. Chevalier, I 'm going to ask you
a question that I want you to be very careful in answering, and I 'm
sure you will be. You, of course, are familiar with the publicity that
attended the testimony of a former agent of \he Federal Bureau of
Investigation in Washington, D. C., with specific reference to infor-
mation that he assertedly had concerning what he testified (and
I 'm sure I 'm right in substance ; if you disagree — interrupt me) —
the fact that he was approached ; Dr. Eltenton was approached, —
by the Soviet Vice Consul and asked to contact you ; and asked you
to contact Dr. Oppenheimer. You are familiar with that ?
11 A. Yes.
"Q. And is that substantially a correct version of the news-
paper report?
' ' A. No, it is not — yes, of the newspaper reports.
"Q. That's what I mean. Now, were you ever approached —
strike that — Do you know where Dr. George C. Eltenton was
employed when you knew him in Berkeley?
' l A. Yes, he was employed by the Shell Oil Company.
"Q. Shell Development Company, wasn't it?
"A. Shell Development.
"Q. At Emeryville?
"A. Yes.
"Q. Did you ever hear of an organization known as the
F. A. E. C. T.?
"A. Yes.
' ' Q. How long have you been familiar, in a general way, with
that organization ?
"A. Well, I have simply heard about it.
"Q. You've never belonged to it?
"A. No, I wouldn't be eligible.
' ' Q. You 've never done any scientific work on your own hook ?
11 A. No.
11 Q. Just to keep the record straight, your actual academic field
is the romance languages, isn 't it ?
1 'A. That's right.
' ' Q. Did you ever know a person by the name of Rose Segure ?
"A. I may have met her at a large function. I
"Q. You mean at the Soviet Consulate?
"A. I don't know. That is, I know her name from the news-
papers and I may have met her at a large gathering, but I don't
know that I do know her. If I should see her I would recognize her
as knowing her or not knowing her, but it's merely casual in any
event.
"Q. Now, do you know whether or not she had anything to do
with the F.A.E.C.T.?
"A. From what I heard
"Q. What was that?
* ' A. What I read in the newspapers.
174 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
"Q. Oh, I see. I meant what you knew from your own knowl-
edge.
"A. No.
"Q. Do you know whether or not she knew Dr. Eltenton?
I 'A. No.
"Q. Do you know — you have no way of knowing that he ever
told you about his acquaintanceship with her if he had any ?
"A. No.
"Q. You knew, did you not, in 1942 and '43 that there was such
an organization in the East Bay as the F.A.E.C.T. ?
II A. Yes.
"Q. You knew about that?
11 A. Yes.
' ' Q. And you knew the organization was comprised of scientists
and technically trained men and women?
"A. Yes.
"Q. Now, did Dr. Eltenton have a conversation with you in
which he asked; — in which he told you, in substance, that he had
been asked to contact you by a member of the Soviet Consulate in
San Francisco ?
* ' A. Uh, if you are going into this, I would like to
"Q. I'm not going into it. I'm not going to ask you what you
said to Dr. Oppenheimer because
1 'Mr. McCarty: Mr. Combs
"Mr. Combs: It's all right, Mr. Chairman. I spoke with Mr.
McCarty earlier.
"Mr. McCarty: I had a conversation with Mr. Combs before
this hearing, Senator, in which he stated that the Committee had
reasons of its own for not questioning Mr. Chevalier on the details
of this conversation; information concerning which was given
already by Mr. Chevalier, a year and a half ago to the F.B.I., and I
stated at that time that Mr. Chevalier is willing to answer any and
all questions that may be asked of him in that regard, and if they
are not going to be asked, I requested Mr. Combs that a statement
might be made for the record. He 's willing to answer any questions
on that subject. Thank you.
"Mr. Combs: Now, I'd like
"Mr. McCarty: The answers that he gave so far may go out,
and I'm requesting my client to answer the question which was
asked him.
"Q. (By Mr. Combs) : Did you understand the question?
"A. Yes. The answer to that is "no".
"Q. Did Mr. Eltenton approach you and ask you to approach
Dr. Oppenheimer?
"A. Yes.
"Q. Did he say anything about the Russian Consulate?
"A. No.
" Q. Or anyone connected with the Russian Consulate ?
"A. No.
"Q. Did you, after having that conversation — strike that —
where were you when that conversation occurred, Mr. Chevalier ?
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 175
' ' A. I believe it was at his house.
* ' Q. You remember the address ?
"A. No, I do not.
"Q. He, at that time, was a British subject?
"A. Yes.
1 i Q. You were aware that he got part of his scientific training
at the Leningrad Institute in the Soviet Union ?
"A. Yes.
"Q. Thereafter, after that conversation occurred, did you have
a conversation with Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer ?
"A. Yes.
"Q. And was that conversation related in any way to the
previous conversation with Dr. Eltenton 1
"A.I reported to him the subject of the conversation.
I i Q. Where did that conversation occur ?
' ' A. That was at Dr. Oppenheimer 's home.
"0. Did you know Dr. Oppenheimer socially at the time?
"A. Yes.
1 ' Q. You visited in his home on previous occasions ?
"A. Yes.
"Q. You knew him quite well?
"A. Yes.
' ' Q. You knew his brother ?
"A. Quite well.
"Q. As well as you knew Dr. Eltenton?
"A. Much better.
"Q. But you did visit in Dr. Eltenton 's home?
"A. Yes.
' ' Q. And he visited in yours ?
"A. Yes.
I 1 Q. Did the Oppenheimers visit in your home ?
"A. Yes."
R. E. Combs, Committee Counsel, subsequently summarized evidence
and testimony connected with Haakon M. Chevalier as follows (Com-
mittee transcript, Volume XXXIII, pages 364 to 367) :
"Mr. Combs: Mr. Chairman and members of the Committee.
During the examination of Mr. Chevalier this morning, he identified
certain organizations that I have checked on my list, and stated that
he was affiliated with them. I read into the record the documentation
on those organizations and publications, and I now wish to complete
this phase of the hearing by reading into the record now, which I
didn 't take time to do this morning, from those same sources some of
the individuals who were affiliated with those organizations also, and
with those publications. After I have read those into the record, Mr.
Chairman, I wish also to recapitulate for the record the testimony Dr.
Eltenton gave before the committee here a year ago.
Affiliated with the American Committee to Save Refugees were
Professor Harold Urey, Professor F. W. Wey mouth, Herbert
Biberman, who was recently cited for contempt in Washington,
John Howard Lawson, also cited for contempt in Washington,
176 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Albert Maltz, Clifford Odets, Donald Ogden Stewart, William
Gropper, Lillian Hellman, and Ruth McKenney.
"In the American Council on Soviet Relations, we have Dr.
Thomas Addis, Lewis Alan Berne, John Howard Lawson, Vito
Marcantonio, and Donald Ogden Stewart.
Next, the League of American Writers, including Alvah Bessie,
John Howard Lawson, Ruth McKenney, Carey Me Williams, Albert
Maltz, Bruce Minton, Sam Ornitz, Donald Ogden Stewart, and
Earl Browder.
' ' Other signers of the letter, the Open Letter Defending Mos-
cow Purge Trials, were Ring Lardner, Jr., Carey Me Williams,
Samuel Ornitz, and Donald Ogden Stewart.
' ' Other signers of the Open Letter for Closer Cooperation with
the Soviet Union were Dr. Thomas Addis, Professor Robert A.
Brady, William Gropper, Professor Norman E. Himes, John How-
ard Lawson, Professor Alexander S. Kahn, Ruth McKenney, and
Donald Ogden Stewart.
"Other signers of the statement by American Progressives on
the Moscow Trials, printed in the Daily Worker, April 28, 1938,
and New Masses May 3, were Louis Budenz, high official in the
Communist Party, William Gropper again, Harrison George,
Clarence Hathaway, Editor in Chief of the Daily Worker in New
York, V. J. Jerome, true name Isaac Romaine, John Howard Law-
son again, Albert Maltz, A. B. Magil, Bruce Minton, M. J. Olgin,
Samuel Ornitz, Holland D. Roberts.
"American League Against War and Fascism; Earl Browder,
Clarence Hathaway, Israel Amter, an official of the Communist
Party of the United States, Max Bedacht, prominent Communist
writer, Ella Reeve Bloor, member of the Communist Party, Harry
Bridges, Vito Marcantonio, William Z. Foster, Robert Minor, and
Jack Stachel.
"The Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee; Max Bedacht,
Abram Flaxer, William Gropper, John Howard Lawson, Ring Lard-
ner, Jr., Vito Marcantonio, Carey Me Williams, and Dalton Trumbo.
*******
' ' Dr. Eltenton was a subscriber to the People 's World. He was a
lecturer at the Tom Mooney Labor School in March of 1943 on the
subject 'Soviet Minorities.' He lectured at the California Labor
School in 1945 on the ' Soviet Union. ' He was chairman of a meeting
at the Palace Hotel October 22, 1945, held under the auspices of
the American-Russian Institute. On January 9, 1946, he taught
'The Challenge of Science' at the California Labor School in
Oakland.
"April 30, 1946, he was a sponsor of the American-Russian
Institute, and in June, 1946, the 21st to be exact, he conducted
a labor forum on the 'U. S. S. R.' under the auspices of the Amer-
ican-Russian Institute. His wife, Dorothea Eltenton, taught at the
Tom Mooney Labor School on July 25, 1942. She taught 'Life in
the Soviet Union.' On August 31st of that year she spoke on
'Soviet Culture' at the Tom Mooney Labor School. On March 5th,
1943, she taught 'Soviet Minorities' at the Tom Mooney Labor
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 177
School, and she was also Director for the Institute for Pacific Rela-
tions. She attended the mass meeting on the fifteenth of May, 1946,
under the auspices of the American-Russian Institute in San Fran-
cisco to honor Contsantin Siminov, the Soviet writer. Mr. Siminov,
incidentally, according to this article, which is from the People's
Daily World, wrote for Mainstream, the new Marxist quarterly,
with Dr. Holland Roberts, President of the American-Russian
Institute, and one of the co-editors of Mainstream."
*******
John T. McTernan, of the law firm of Gallagher, Margolis, McTer-
nan and Tyre, was subpenaed and testified before the committee in Los
Angeles February 17, 1948. He announced that he represented Sidney
Davison, Katherine McTernan (his wife), William Axelrod, Louis
Schwartz, Virginia Gardner, Frank Spector, and Ben Richman, all of
whom had been subpenaed by the Committee for the Los Angeles
hearing.
McTernan testified that he came to Los Angeles from San Fran-
cisco in March of 1944. From that point on his testimony was evasive
and argumentative, when he did not actually refuse to answer questions.
He finally admitted, on the ground that it was a matter of public record,
that the American Russian Institute had called a meeting at his home and
that the meeting was held on February 8, 1948. This meeting was attended
(although this information was not actually wrested from McTernan)
by members of the Communist Party organization, the Congress of
American Women, and there were about 250 men and women present.
Among those in attendance were Evdokia I. Uralova, Minister of Educa-
tion for Byelo of the Soviet Union; Xenia Gromyko, wife of Andrei
Gromyko ; Elizabeth A. Popova, Soviet Judge ; Ivan Tarasov, U. S. S. R.
Vice-Consul; and Alexandria Groth. Others in attendance were Mrs.
Irving Adler, Dr. Jack Agins, Bella Dubnoff, Paul Dubnoff, Frances R.
Eisenberg (See Committee's 1947 report), Priscilla M. Esterman, Wil-
lard Hall Francis, Harold Gardner, Leslie Gardner, Joseph Goarwitch,
Sanford Goldner, Susan I. Hardyman, C. Ko^neff, Jerome McNair,
Helen Hall Moreland, and Rea M. Schneider.
McTernan praised the Communist Party's People's Daily World
and, generally, countered every question with the current Communist
Party strategy. He continually declared that he was being " intimi-
dated" and that the questions asked him invaded his "privacy."
Helen Hall Moreland, Dean of Women at the University of South-
ern California, appeared and testified concerning her affiliation with the
American Russian Institute. She "presumed" that she was connected
with the organization, because her name was listed on the stationery
as a member of the Board. She explained that the American Russian
Institute had held some social functions which she attended. She said she
was asked if she would be willing to serve on the organization's Board.
She testified that she stated that she would be willing to serve if she
were elected, and that she would be glad to help in any way. She stated
that her name, thereafter, appeared on the stationery but that she had
never been notified of her election. She identified Mrs. Bella Dubnoff
as the executive secretary for the American Russian Institute.
13— L-7088-D
178 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Miss Moreland testified that she had attended the meeting of the
American Russian Institute at the home of Mr. and Mrs. John T.
McTernan on February 8, 1948, at which Soviet dignitaries were in
attendance. She stated that a Mrs. Minna Agins acted as an interpreter
for the Russians at this meeting.
Miss Moreland testified that she had attended the meeting of the
American Russian Institute held at the Unitarian Church in Los Angeles
and presided over the meeting. This was on the evening of February
9, 1948, and was in honor of the two Soviet women delegates to the
United Nations. She believed that the meeting was attended by around
800 people. Minna Agins again acted as interpreter. The two Russian
women spoke, according to Miss Moreland, as did Bella Dubnoff, who,
it later developed in Miss Moreland 's testimony, was the "they" who
asked her to become a member of the American Russian Institute's
Board. Mrs. Dubnoff is the executive secretary of the Los Angeles
branch of the organization. Miss Moreland was also acquainted with
two other members of the board, Dr. George Day of Occidental College
and Jerome McNair. (The meeting at the Unitarian Church was in
honor of Evdokia I. Uralova and Elizabeth A. Popova, two Soviet
women. )
Both Dorothea Eltenton and her husband, Dr. George Eltenton,
were members of the American Russian Institute in San Francisco.
Dr. George Eltenton was a nuclear physicist. He attended the Lenin-
grad Institute in Soviet Russia and appeared before the Committee at
its Oakland, 1947, hearings.
Mrs. Katherine McTernan, wife of John T. McTernan, was sub-
penaed and testified before the Committee, February 18, 1948. Like
her husband, Mrs. McTernan was evasive and argumentative when she
did not actually refuse to answer questions propounded by the com-
mittee's counsel or committee members. She, like her husband, refused
to answer whether or not she was a member of the Communist Party,
or had ever been. About the only direct answer to any question pro-
pounded to Mrs. McTernan was that she had taught at the People's
Educational Center in 1947 and that Sidney Davison was the director of
the Communist school during that year.
AMERICAN STUDENT UNION
This Communist front for students was organized at a convention
held at Columbus, Ohio, in December, 1935, and resulted from the
merger of the National Student League (Communist) and the Student
League for Industrial Democracy (Socialist). The merger was in accord
with the ' ' united front ' ' policy adopted by the Communist International
at its seventh congress in the summer of 1935, calling for joint action
with Socialist groups throughout the world. The combined organization
was under Communist control from its inception and has followed the
official objectives of the Communist Party.
Without exception the American Student Union supported defense
of teachers and students charged with Communist activity. The Dies
Committee reports the following : Robert Burke, ousted from Columbia
University ; Jerome Davis, ousted from Yale University ; Morris U.
Schappes, ousted from the City College of New York; Herbert Morais,
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 179
Howard Selsam, David McKelvey White, Henry Klein, John Kenneth
Ackley, Alfred Chaikin, Maxwell Weisman, Philip Foner, Walter Scott
Neff, Morris Foner, Seymour Copstein, Frederic Ewen, Harry Slochower,
Lewis Balamuth, Sidney Eisenberger, and others cited by the Rapp-
Coudert committee investigating Communist activities in the New York
public schools.
Communist Celeste Strack was national high school secretary in
1937. Andrew Charles of the University *f California was a member of
the national executive committee. Bernie Firestone of the University of
California was a vice-chairman in 1938. Jack Chasson, U. C. L. A., was a
member of the College Committee and Dorothy Brooks of Belmont High
School in Los Angeles was a member of the High School Committee.
The Advisory Board of the American Student Union was composed
of Roger Baldwin, Algernon Black, Van Wyck Brooks, George S. Counts,
Mrs. Ethel Clyde, Mary Fox, Waldo Frank, Francis Gorman, Louis
Hacker, Julius Hochman, Quincy Howe, Charles Hendley, Freda Kirch-
wey, Robert Morss Lovett, Alexander Meiklejohn, Reinhold Niebuhr,
Norman Thomas, Mrs. Bertha Pool Weyl, and Goodwin Watson.
The national headquarters of the American Student Union was
located at 112 East 19th Street, New York City.
The following members of the American Student Union were active
at the University of California at Los Angeles : Bessy Albert, Elsa Aller,
Walter Alshuler, Melvin Bassman, John Berry, Lee Beaudry, Betty
Bregoff, Goldie Brill, Lee Christie, Byron Citron, Ula Citron, Betty Chan,
Jeanne tte Cohen, Mitzi Cooper, Margaret Corbell, Frank Dituri, Eliza-
beth Embrey, Garland Embrey, Sam Eidusson, Florita Ecmirbiam, Ruth
Fisher, Carol Flepsie, Miriam Gordon, Pauline Harrison, Edith Kauf-
man, Clara Klapperman, John Krause, Cynthia Lee, Leonora Levin, Ray
Levin, Faustine Liles, Ralph Littlestone, Melvin Lifton, Sarah Mazelis,
Roxie Wittenburg, Galiiia Wollin, Charles Robel and Dan Zhitlowsky.
The following national figures have been affiliated with the American
Student Union : Bruce Bliven, James B. Carey, Mrs. Ethel Clyde, Albert
Sprague Coolidge, Langston Hughes, Frank Kingdon, Max A. Lerner,
Arthur M. Schlesinger, J. Raymond Walsh, Orson Welles, James Water-
man Wise, Jerome Davis, Serril Gerber, and Arthur Holcombe.
Bruce Bliven is listed from Stanford University and Serril Gerber
from Los Angeles J. C.
In cooperation with the American Student Union, a demonstration
was held at the University of California in Los Angeles, April 18, 1940,
in conjunction with the Yanks Are Not Coming Committee. The Yanks
Are Not Coming Committee was strictly a Communist organization. The
purpose of the meeting at the University of California in Los Angeles
was to induce the students to stage a "peace strike" in support of the
Stalin-Hitler Pact. Among the speakers at this meeing were Dr. E. P.
Ryland of the American Civil Liberties Union, Carey Me Williams, and
Herbert K. Sorrell.
AMERICAN YOUTH CONGRESS
The American Youth Congress was launched during August of
1934, and for about seven years it was one of the most influential front
organizations ever established by the American Communist Party. In
180 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
response to a call by one Viola lima, a conference was organized at New
York University, Washington Square, New York City.
The Communists contended that Viola lima was tainted with Nazi
or Fascist sympathies and that her idea in mobilizing American youth
into the America Youth Congress was " inspired" by observing youth
organizations in Italy and Germany. In any event, the gathering in New
York in 1934 included representatives from national youth organizations,
reaching all the way from the Boy Scouts to the Young Communist
League.
The Communists took over immediately. Earl Browder, in his book
"Communism," describes the capture of the American Youth Congress,
and, incidentally accuses Eleanor Roosevelt, members of the Roosevelt
Cabinet, and state governors, along with Viola lima, of having Fascist
tendencies. Browder said :
"A unique achievement of the youth united front movement
was the building of an anti-fascist bloc inside the American Youth
Congress, which was called together by a certain young woman
named Viola lima with the backing of Mrs. Roosevelt, Anne Morgan,
a half-dozen State Governors, members of the Roosevelt Cabinet, etc.,
with the purpose of adopting a program for American youth which
was distinctly fascist in its tendencies. ' '
Like many important Communist front organizations, the American
Youth Congress was so cleverly handled that many prominent persons of
non-Communist tendencies were drawn into its circle of supporters.
With the help of the Socialists, the Communists were successful in
ousting Viola lima from the leadership of the American Youth Congress,
and installed Waldo McNutt as chairman. McNutt held this position for
about a year, when he became the national organizer of the American
League Against War and Fascism, another important Communist front
organization. Waldo McNutt 's father, Ernest F. McNutt, was a member
of the Kansas State Committee of the Communist Party and a repre-
sentative from Kansas on the national executive board of the Workers'
Alliance of America, the Communist front for unemployed.
Waldo McNutt 's wife, Rose Troiano, was a member of the adminis-
trative committee of the American Youth Congress.
William W. Hinckley was executive secretary of the American
Youth Congress for a few months in the latter part of 1935 and became
chairman of the organization in January of 1936. He continued to serve
in this position until July, 1939. The Dies Committee reported that
the Communist Party arranged and paid for Hinckley 's trans-atl antic
passage to Europe in 1936, where he was in attendance at the Frst World
Youth Congress. At this time Hinckley was chairman of the American
Youth Congress.
Champion is a publication of the Communist Party and bears the
union printer's label No. 209, Prompt Press. Edward Strong, Abbott
Simon and Rose Terlin, leaders of the American Youth Congress, were
members of the staff of the Champion.
Edward Strong was a member of the administrative committee of the
American Youth Congress, representing the National Negro Congress.
He was also the chairman of the Southern Negro Youth Congress. He
was member of the National Committee of The American League for
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 181
Peace and Democracy. He was later the executive secretary of the
National Negro Congress.
Clarence Hathaway, leading American Communist, and editor of
the Daily Worker, was one of the principal speakers at the Second
American Youth Congress held in Detroit in 1935. ' * I am sure, ' ' declared
Hathaway, "that the American youth guided and led by the American
Youth Congress will be a force working for the defense of the Soviet
Union, our Socialist Fatherland, and for* he defeat of our own robber
imperialist government and for the victory of the American toiling
masses." This declaration was greeted with "prolonged applause."
Since 1933 there have been five distinct Communist phases of policy
with respect to the administration at Washington. (1) Pronounced hos-
tility toward the administration, 1933 to 1936. (2) The People's Front
era, in which the Communist Party made great efforts to ingratiate itself
with the administration, 1936 to August, 1939. (3) The Stalin-Hitler
pact era, August, 1939, to June, 1941, in which the Communist Party
viciously attacked the administration and picketed the White House.
(4) The era of winning support for Soviet Russia in which the Com-
munists set themselves up as "win-the-war" super-patriots, June, 1941,
to V-J Day, 1945. (5) V-J Day to the present, in which the Communists
attack the Truman administration and direct their propaganda against
the "imperialist policy" of the United States in an attempt to support
Soviet Russia 's expansionist program in Europe and Asia.
Every Communist front in the United States is characterized by its
faithful adherence to the change in the ' ' party line, ' ' as indicated above,
and the American Youth Congress has not been an exception.
Among those who have been affiliated with or who have given sup-
port to the subversive American Youth Congress are the following :
Thomas R. Amlie, Luigi Antonini, Madeleine L. Arduino, Roger N.
Baldwin, Harry Elmer Barnes, Elmer A. Benson, Mary McLeod Bethune,
Van A. Bittner, Ralph S. Cushman, Jerome Davis, Dorothy Detzer, E.
Franklin Frazier, Mrs. William Lloyd Garrison, III, Rabbi Sidney E.
Goldstein, Dorothy Kenyon, Frank Kingdon, Oliver LaFarge, Eduard
C. Lindeman, Robert Morss Lovett, Henry Noble MacCracken, Archi-
bald MacLeish, Jeremiah T. Mahoney, Phillip Murray, Clifford Odets,
Rev. A. Clayton Powell, Jr., William F. Quillian, Reid Robinson, Philip
Schiff, Rose Schneiderman, George N. Schuster, George Soule, Maxwell
S. Stewart, Genevieve Taggard, Katharine Terrill, Mary Van Kleeck,
Dr. Harry F. Ward, Orson Welles, Reverend Robert T. Weston, A. F.
Whitney, Aubrey Williams, M. L. Wilson, James Waterman Wise, Mary
E. Woolley, and Winnifred Wygal.
Prominent individual endorsers of the American Youth Congress
and its activities include the following : John P. Davis, Oswald Garrison
Villard, Max Yergan, Heywood Broun, Raymond Burr, Frank GiUmore,
Gardner Jackson, A. Philip Randolph, John M. Coffee, Thomas F. Ford,
Harold L. Ickes, Ed V. Izak, Culbert L. Olson, Robert F. Wagner, Rev.
Stephen H. Fritchman, and Jack McMichael.
Among others who were active in the American Youth Congress are
Celeste Strack, Carl Ross, Gil Green and Angelo Herndon. Gil Green,
Angelo Herndon, Carl Ross and Celeste Strack were coeditors of the
Young Communist Review, published by the National Board of the Young
Communist League of the United States.
182 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Celeste Strack was student secretary of the Young Communist
League and high school secretary of the American Student Union. She
represented the American Student Union and the Young Communist
League in the American Youth Congress.
Carl Ross and Gil Green were the national representatives of the
Young Communist League in the American Youth Congress.
Angelo Herndon represented the National Negro Congress in the
American Youth Congress.
American Youth Congress publishes a magazine entitled Winner,
the editor of which is Barry Wood, the Communist Party name for Jeff
Kibre, well-known party leader in Southern California.
AMERICAN YOUTH FOR DEMOCRACY
This organization was formerly the Young Communist League. It
has been very active in California but has not achieved too much success
on the university campus.
On October 17, 1943, a special convention of the Young Communist
League was held at Mecca Temple, New York City. The name of the
organization was changed to American Youth for Democracy. In the
issue of the Communist for September, 1943, the president of the Young
Communist League called for a change of the name of the group in order
to enable the organization to function more efficiently for the duration
of the war.
On November 11, 1943, a meeting was held in San Francisco to hear
a report on the Young Communist League convention. Among those who
spoke were Rev. Morgan A. Tabb, Miss Jean Addis, Mrs. Robert Miller
Green (formerly Betty McGregor of the Young Communist League),
Miss Annabel Hopkins and Andrew Barrigan.
In December of 1943 the San Francisco sponsors of American Youth
for Democracy were published. Among those listed were Bartley Crum
and Dr. Thomas Addis of Stanford University.
The first California state convention of the American Youth for
Democracy was held in the North Star Auditorium, 631 West Adams
Boulevard, Los Angeles, on May 6 and 7, 1944. Among those who spoke
were Dr. Thomas Addis, Bartley Crum, Philip M. Connelly, Lester
McMillan, and John Howard Lawson.
The first Los Angeles County convention was held on July 8, 1945,
at Park Manor, 2200 West Seventh Street, Los Angeles. Among the
speakers was Jerry Pacht. An Intercollegiate Council was proposed
calling for members from each college where a unit of American Youth
for Democracy was organized. The educational institutions listed were
University of California at Los Angeles, California Technical Institute,
and Los Angeles City College.
During the agitational activities of the Communist front, Mobiliza-
tion for Democracy, American Youth for Democracy members volun-
teered to distribute 100,000 handbills for the organization.
During the motion picture strike American Youth for Democracy
members volunteered to do picket duty and a spokesman for the organ-
ization announced that all units would be contacted for strike duty in
the picket line.
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 183
On December 31, 1944, Albert Dekker acted as master of ceremonies
at an American Youth for Democracy birthday fete at the Hollywood-
Roosevelt Hotel, where telegraphic greetings were read from Robert W.
Kenny. Honored guests were Congressmen Ellis E. Patterson and Ned
Healy. Among those present were Rex Ingram, Dalton Trumbo, Albee
Slade, Rev. Raymond Henderson and Willis J^Hill.
Albert Dekker was announced as master of Ceremonies for an Amer-
ican Youth for Democracy banquet in San Francisco, November 11, 1945.
On Sunday, December 16, 1945, American Youth for Democracy
sponsored a "Welcome Home, Joe" dinner at the Ambassador Hotel in
Los Angeles on the occasion of the second anniversary of the organization.
Among the sponsors of this Communist affair were Mrs. Faye E.
Allen, Charlotta A. Bass, Edward Biberman, Reuben W. Borough, Carl
Brant, Mr. and Mrs. John Cohee, Philip M. Connelly, Floyd C. Coving-
ton, Dr. Frank Davis, Ernest Dawson, Rev. S. Martin Eidsath, Edward
Dmytryk, Pearl Fagelson, Leon Feuchtwanger, Prof. Franklin Fearing,
Augustus C. Hawkins, Congressman Ned Healey, Rev. J. Raymond Hen-
derson, Dr. Charles W. Hill, Willis J. Hill, Prof. Harry Hoijer, Rex
Ingram, Peter M. Kahn, Dr. Maurice J. Karpf, Robert W. Kenny, Jeff
Kibre, Walter Kolowski, Chaim Kotylansky, Mr. and Mrs. William
Kozienko, Nathan Krupin, Ring Lardner, Jr., Bill Lawrence, John
Howard Lawson, Albert Maltz, Lester McMillan, Sam Moore, Judge
Stanley Moffat, Dr. Max Nussbaum, William 0. Oliver, Mr. and Mrs.
Samuel Ornitz, Congressman Ellis E. Patterson, Oscar Pattiz, Frank G.
Pellet, Pettis Perry, Prof. Donald Piatt, Jerome Posner, Earl Robinson,
William H. Rosenthal, Barney Ross, Aaron Rothblatt, Raye Rubin, Rev.
Clayton D. Russell, Frank Scully, Chaim Shapiro, Herbert K. Sorrell,
Dr. Ruth Temple, Prof. Harry C. Steinmetz, Mrs. Jessie L. Terry, Dr.
Donald H. Tippett, Matthew Torok, Dalton Trumbo, Gilbert W. Turner,
and Al S. Waxman.
Frank Sinatra was an honored guest and was presented with an
award by Rabbi Max Nussbaum. Col. Evans Carlson presented an award
to Bill Mauldin. Philip M. Connelly made a presentation to Martha
MacLane. Congressman Ellis E. Patterson presented an award to Sgt.
Harry Tanouye. Attorney General Robert W. Kenny made a presenta-
tion to De Witt Colbert. Peggy Ryan, Carleton Moss, and "Slim"
Aarons, received awards from Barney Ross, Dore Schary, and Alvah
Bessie, respectively.
Norman Corwin was toastmaster. John Howard Lawson and Albert
Dekker were introduced for short addresses.
Earl Robinson, Calvin Jackson, Sidney Miller, Ann Blythe, Julie
Gibson, and Johnny Poletti furnished the entertainment.
Senator Claude E. Pepper, Edward G. Robinson, Ann M. Kross,
Col. Evans F. Carlson, Walter Huston, Josephine Timms, and Paul
Robeson have all taken time out to laud and praise this Communist
front for youth.
American Youth for Democracy follows the Communist Party line
assiduously. A press release from the organization's headquarters, 1201
S. Alvarado Street, Los Angeles, under date of July 2, 1947, states
its position on military training. Focus on Youth, American Youth for
Democracy publication, issue for July 1, 1947, carries caption "Wallace
Blasts Youth Conscription as Wedge for Wall Street— Army Rule."
184 UN- AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
A letterhead of the organization under date of May 30, 1944, shows
the headquarters at 701 Broadway Arcade Building. The letter in the
files of the committee is signed by Elaine Rose, field secretary.
The Communist Party line of the American Youth for Democracy
is obvious in most of its leaflets. One such leaflet in the files of this com-
mittee reads, in part, as follows :
The issue is thought control vs. intellectual freedom on our
campuses. The issue is youth security or another generation of youth
betrayed. We know our enemies — the men who want to jail Henry
Wallace for opposing the "Truman Doctrine" * * * the men who
preach hysteria, war, union busting. While A.Y.D. is the most
direct target, the actual objective is reactionary dictation to our
entire educational system, and the betrayal of all American youth.
On Sunday, October 8, 1944, American Youth for Democracy staged
a "Teen Age Mock Congress" at the Virgil Junior High School at 152
North Vermont Avenue in Los Angeles. The "officers" of the congress
were as follows: Patti Zimmerman, Isadore Friedenthal, Irwin Gostin,
Martha Fleinert, Leopold Dumas, Leo Breiman, David Hollister, Leo
Grundfast, Gordon Osser, Arthur Merims, and Vivian Meyerowitz.
Sponsors and consultants were : Charlotta Bass, Judge John Beardsley,
Mrs. Harry Braverman, Reuben Borough, Dr. Ernest Caldecott, Philip
M. Connelly, Dr. Franklin Fearing, Kenneth Howard, Mrs. Lucie
McCollie, Carey Me Williams, Oscar Pattiz, William Pomerance, Earl
Robinson, and Everett Wile.
The chairman of the "judiciary" was David Hollister, and Frank-
lin Fearing and Carol Hollister were the "consultants." Community
singing and songs were by Shirley Grawoig and Bill Oliver. Meyer
Frieden, executive secretary of the Los Angeles branch of American
Youth for Democracy made a presentation of "merit pins." Dr. Ernest
Caldecott gave the ' ' invocation. ' '
A letter under date of January 8, 1946, signed by Meyer Frieden,
shows the address of the organization as 408 S. Spring Street, Los Angeles
13, telephone MUtual 5307. Jeanette Salve is listed as chairman. Record-
ing secretary is Lee Herendeen. Student secretary is Vicki Landish.
The vice chairmen are Sue Scherr, Gene Gardner, Nena Ackerman, and
Bob Zakon.
The state officers in 1945 were James Logan, Vivien Levin, Bill
Lowe, Nancy Rosenfield, Katie Corboff (or Korboff), and Dash
McMichael.
The state council was composed of Jean Addis, Reeva Cluen, Fred
Toy, Betty Green (McGruger), Pearl Pinson, Rachel Reis, Elbert Bass,
Harriet Moskowitz, Ding Rossi, Eloise Steel, and Helen Lude.
San Diego officers were Jackie Smith, Frank Crump, Barbara
Richardson, Camille Barkan, and Johnny Peacock.
Marin County officers were Ann Tompkins and Pierre Patri.
East Bay officers were Sandra Martin, Meyer Frieden, Irvin Gostin,
Vicki Landish, Norma Pittman, Mary Sherwood, Paul Dudrov, Pearl
Glazer, Geraldine Brownlow, George Stankert, and Elaine Mitchell.
Los Angeles officers were Kelly Mink, Sam Young, Elaine Rose,
Patti Zimmerman, Gloria Gervin, Helene Powell, Steve Stanford, Isabel
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 185
Baron, Sybil Goldenberg, Martha Freeman, Francis Herrera, Bob Ham-
ilton, Ida Bodin, Bill Jenkins, Harriette Goodman, Jeannette Salve, and
Carolyn Hassell.
The following names were listed as members of the provisional
council on a pamphlet distributed by American Youft for Democracy
announcing the ''First California State Convention" of the organiza-
tion, held at the North Star Auditorium, 1631 W. Adams Blvd. in Los
Angeles (May, 1944) : Jean Addis, Charles Anderson, Dolores Ander-
son, Isabelle Baron, Katy Corboff, Charlotte Flanner, Meyer Frieden,
Betty Green, Gerald Hill, Earl Johnson, Vicki Landish, Vivian Levin,
James Logan, William Lowe, Eoss Lynch, Sandra Martin, Dash
McMichael, Kelly Mink, Harriet Moskowitz, Jerry O'Connor, Reeva
Olsen, Helene Powell, Barbara Richardson, Violet Rittenberg, Nancy
Rosenfield, Willy Solomon, Julia Spector, Celeste Strack, Fred Toy,
and Mary Jane Windsor.
The following names were listed on the same pamphlet as sponsors :
Dr. Thomas Addis, Dr. Harold B. Allen, Mara Alexander, Henry Arm-
strong, R. S. Avery, William Bailey, Charlotta A. Bass, Louise Beavers,
Reuben W. Borough, Dr. Arthur Brodjeur, Hugh Bryson, David W.
Buchanan, Dr. Phillip W. Buck, Lolita Bunyard, J. Vernon Burke, Iris
Carpenter, Ada Clement, Dr. P. Price Cobbs, Dr. Le Grande Coleman,
Philip M. Connelly, Bartley Crum, Van Dart, Ernest Dawson, Daniel
Del Carlo, Dr. Mathurin Dondo, Edward Dmytryk, Rev. S. Martin
Eidsath, Dr. Charles A. Ertola, Howard Estabrook, Rev. Joyce Wesley
Farr, Arnold M. Fassler, Rev. Juan Garcia, Gus Gaynor, Robert Miller
Green, Kathleen Griffin, Dr. Victor Hall, Ruby Heide, Violetta M. Hems-
ley, Rev. J. Raymond Henderson, Loyal A. Hobson, Lillian Hodghead,
G. F. Irvine, Joseph James, Rev. H. T. S. Johnson, Dr. Alexander Kaun,
George Kidwell, Peter King, Rev. Herrick Lane, John Howard Lawson,
Dr. Leon L. Loofburow, Rev. Edgar Lowther, Richard Lynden, Walter
W. Mahaffey, Lester A. McMillan, Bertha Metro, Stanley Moffatt, George
H. Moore, Steve Murdock, Mrs. George Newman, Dolores Padilla, Rt.
Rev. Edward L. Parsons, Giacomo Patri, Lyle M. Proctor, Mervyn Rath-
bone, Dr. Holland Roberts, Ralph Rogers, William H. Rosenthal, Robert
Rossen, Dr. Maxwell Savelle, James San Jule, Paul Schnur, Dr. Ch'en
Shou-Yi, Jeffrey Smith, Anne Solomon, Jack Stallings, Harry C. Stein-
metz, Rev. Edward Stovall, Dixie Tiller, Dalton Trumbo, Dr. George A.
Warmer, Dr. Frank W. Weymouth, Helen Wheeler, Jack White, Rabbi
Saul White, Anita Whitney, and Dr. George H. Williams.
Robert Thompson was the national cochairman of the American
Youth for Democracy. He was formerly a national vice president of the
Young Communist League. He has been a contributor to the Communist
Daily Worker. He was a member of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade. The
Young Communist Review of April, 1938, described Thompson as the
"leading Y.C.L. figure in California." In 1938, Robert Thompson was
a member of the National Council of the Young Communist League.
Carl Ross became national Executive Secretary of American Youth
for Democracy when it was launched in October, 1943. For more than
five years prior to that time, he had been national Executive Secretary
of the Young Communist League. He was affiliated with such Communist
front organizations as the American Youth Congress and the World
Youth Congress.
186 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Claudia Jones was the Editor of the official magazine of the Ameri-
can Youth for Democracy, Spotlight. She was formerly an associate edi-
tor of the official organ of the Young Communist League, Weekly Review.
She was a member of the National Council of the Young Communist
League. Claudia Jones presently faces deportation as an undesirable
alien seeking the overthrow of the Government of the United States.
Leo Cooper was Managing Editor of Spotlight, the official magazine
of American Youth for Democracy. He formerly was the Managing Edi-
tor of the Weekly Review, the official organ of the Young Communist
League.
Celeste Strack became the Executive Secretary of American Youth
for Democracy in California. She was formerly a member of the National
Council of the Young Communist League. She ran for Congress on the
Communist Party ticket in 1940.
The following (Spotlight, April, 1944) were national sponsors of
American Youth for Democracy : Henry Armstrong, Charlotte Hawkins
Brown, John M. Coffee, Frank Marshall Davis, Howard Fast, A. Eustace
Haydon, William H. Holly, Langston Hughes, John Howard Lawson,
Kirtley F. Mather, H. P. Marley, F. Mathiessen, Adam Clayton Powell,
Jr., Minerva Pious, Charles S. Seely, William B. Spofford, D. J. Struik,
William Jay Schieffelin, Teddy Wilson, Mary E. Woolley, and Mary
McLeod Bethune.
The national headquarters of American Youth for Democracy are
located at 150 Nassau Street, Room 412, New York City. The cochairmen
of the organization were Robert Thompson and Naomi Ellison. The
executive secretary is Carol Ross. Winifred Norman and John Gallo
were vice chairmen. The secretary-treasurer was W. Robert McCarthy.
Others connected with the national set-up were Henry Cooperstock,
Terry Grabel, Vivian Levin, Leo Rifkin, Beryl Michaelson, Jimmie
Schlecker, Nettie Selling, Everett C. Thomas, and Leon Wossy.
Among American Youth for Democracy members who were also
connected with the Communist Party or the Young Communist League,
are the following: Pauline Annone, Warren Brown, Fay Caller (alias
Fay Caller Vedro), Frank Cestare, Leo Cooper, Margaret Delehante,
Jack Epstein, Francis Franklin, John Gallo, Claudia Jones, John Hud-
son Jones, Adeline Kohl, David Livingston, Daisy Lolich, Bill Mardo,
Robert McCarthy, Carl Ross, Lillian Ross, Phillip Schatz, Herbert Sig-
ner, Marcella Sloane, Celeste Strack, Everett Thomas, Robert Thomp-
son, Max Weiss, Thelma Weiss, James West, and Leon Wossy.
Subsidiary Communist fronts created by American Youth for Democ-
racy, include Sweethearts of Service Men, Friends of the Campus, and
World Federation of Democratic Youth. Pauline Annone, and Naomi
Ellison were active in Sweethearts of Service Men. The "boy friend" of
Pauline Annone was David Grant, Organizational Secretary of the Com-
munist Party of western Pennsylvania. Naomi Ellison is the wife of Vic-
tor Ellison, Communist candidate for Commissioner in Pierce County,
Washington. Donald Henderson, Jack MacMichael, Vivian Liebman,
Joseph Starobin, and Bob Burke, were among the leaders of Friends of
the Campus.
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 187
American Youth for Democracy is affiliated with the World Feder-
ation of Democratic Youth, founded in London November, 1945, by dele-
gates from more than 50 nations. The organization now has its headquar-
ters in Paris. It is part of the Communist Internationa^ solar system
which includes such other world Communist organizations as Women's
International Democratic Federation and the World Federation of Trade
Unions.
The 1945 delegation to the World Youth Conference included Esther
Cooper, Frances Damon, Alice Horton, Molly Lieber, Elizabeth McCand-
less, Thomas Neill, and Doris Senk. Elsa Graves, Frances Damon, Naomi
Chertoff, Esther Cooper, Russell Jones, and Thomas Neill were among
the American delegates elected as officers of the World Youth Conference.
Out of the World Federation of Democratic Youth came the Inter-
national Union of Students, which held a meeting in Prague on August
17-31, 1946. Twelve of the 17-man executive committee are known Com-
munists.
The officials of the University of California at Los Angeles recognized
the Communist character of American Youth for Democracy. An editorial
from the Los Angeles Herald-Express, January 19, 1948, tells the story.
The editorial, under the caption, "U. C. L. A. Outlaws Communist Group
as Campus Organization," reads as follows :
Officials of the University of California at Los Angeles are to be
commended for their action in refusing official campus standing to
the American Youth for Democracy organization, successor to the
Young Communist League, on the ground that it is a political organ-
ization and political organizations are barred from campus recog-
nition.
The community will look with favor on this stand for positive
Americanism and will now watch with interest to see what the uni-
versity does about those faculty members who have been so interested
in Communism and in the campus activities of the Youth for Democ-
racy gang.
The university apparently realizes that the un-American activ-
ities of a small but active minority have given the institution much
criticism in Los Angeles, in California, and throughout the United
States.
U. C. L. A. realizes that bad publicity hurts and that a state uni-
versity should so act that its actions are above reproach.
There is a growing sentiment throughout the Country to throw
the exposing spotlight of publicity on those individuals and those
Communist-inspired groups and organizations which are spreading
unrest and trouble, seeking constantly to bring about the eventual
overthrow of this Country 's constitutional government and the Amer-
ican way of life.
This is not a witch hunt, nor is it persecution, but is rather an
honest effort to rid this Country of a despicable menace.
Among the subversive groups the American Youth for Democ-
racy is one of the most offensively dangerous. Its members are
without moral integrity, without social consciousness and without
restraint in their desire to stir up race antagonism, create dissension
and revile every good influence in the land.
188 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Nothing good can be said for the American Youth for Democ-
racy, those who belong to it, those who support it or those who are
tolerant of it.
It is evil and dangerous in every way.
U. C. L. A. has taken a commendable first step, a step which
should be followed by further patriotic house-cleaning.
The present national cochairmen of American Youth for Democracy
are Winifred Norman and Vincent Fieri. The vice chairmen are Louis
Burnham, Mayer Frieden, John Gallo, Frances Gullotta, Ruth Jett, and
Mollie Lieber. The executive secretary is Herbert Signer. The secretary-
treasurer is Julie Lowitt. The Education and "Teen-Age" director is
Vivian Levin. The intercollegiate director is Lee Marsh.
Present California officers include Bob Zakow, Chuck Bruck, Ralph
Johnson, Vicki Landish, Henry Lei and, Elaine Rose, and Betty McCand-
less, chairmen of the Los Angeles Youth Council.
The San Francisco headquarters are at 216 Market Street. The Los
Angeles address is 1201 South Alvarado Street. The recently established
headquarters in San Jose is located at 318 Eighth Street. Kenneth Van
Luven is membership director in Los Angeles. Barbara Gould is member-
ship director in San Francisco. Henry Leland is the county organizer for
Santa Clara County. The California regional office is under the direction
of Communist Celeste Strack at 593 Market Street, in San Francisco.
The Teen-Age Art Club is a Los Angeles branch of American Youth
for Democracy. This group held an art exhibit in June, 1947, at the Los
Angeles Museum. Marty Lupner, chairman of American Youth for
Democracy in Los Angeles, was in charge of the exhibits.
ANTI-IMPERIALIST LEAGUE
See All- America Anti-Imperialist League.
ANTI-NAZI NEWS
A publication of the Hollywood Anti-Nazi League. Ursula Daniels,
Young Communist League member, was the circulation manager.
ARTEF
This is one of the oldest Communist front organizations in existence.
It is a theatrical front and was affiliated with the Communist New Theatre
League. Daly's Theatre in New York City was renamed the Artef Theatre.
The Communist Daily Worker for January 18, 1935, reported that
ARTEF had launched a drive for finances. The Daily Worker states:
"The drive is already on and many leading theatrical people, realizing
the importance of giving all possible aid to the Artef, have gladly con-
sented to sponsor the drive. Among them are Brooks Atkinson, Elmer
Rice, Clifford Odets, Jed Harris, Sylvia Sidney, Orson Welles, Philip
Loeb, John Houseman, Katherine Locke, and the New Theatre League,
of which the Artef is the proudest and outstanding member. "
ARTISTS' FRONT TO WIN THE WAR
This Communist organization grew out of a mass meeting at Carnegie
Hall in New York City on October 16, 1942. Among the sponsors were
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 189
Aline Bernstein, Robert Carse, H. W. L. Dana, Martha Dodd, Muriel
Draper, Edward Eliscu, Guy Endore, Ben Field, Franklin Folsom, Paul
Jaerico, Rockwell Kent, Arthur Kober, Alfred Kreymborg, John Hqward
Lawson, Albert Maltz, Bruce Minton, Ruth McKenney, Dudley Nichols,
S. J. Perelman, Robert Rossen, Edwin Seaver, George Seldes, George
Sklar, Philip Stevenson, Donald Ogden Stewart, John Wexley, Ella
Winter, Victor A. Yakhontoff, Leane Zugsmith, Harold Ambellan, Robert
Cronbach, Stuart Davis, Wanda Gag, William Gropper, Anton Refregier,
Paul Strand, Lynd Ward, Max Webber, Canada Lee, Howard Bay,
Morris Parnovsky, Paul Robeson, Hans Eisler, Earl Robinson, Angelo
Herndon, Kyle S. Crichton, Hugo Gellert, Charles Chaplin, J. Gorney,
William Rose Benet, Alvah Bessie, Sidney Buchman, Hy Kraft, Dorothy
Parker, Dalton Trumbo, and Ring Lardner, Jr.
Louis J. Russell, former F.B.I, agent, testified before the Thomas
Committee in Washington, D. C., October 30, 1947, (Thomas Report,
page 483) that Ring Lardner, Jr., was a member of the Communist Party,
and that he had obtained the Communist Party registration card of Ring
Lardner, Jr., bearing the number "47180." Russell stated that the card
bore the notation "1944 Card No. 46806." The address given for Ring
Lardner, Jr., on the card is 447 Loring, Los Angeles, California. Russell
further testified that the card contained a notation reading "New card
issued on November 30, 1944."
The long Communist Party record of Ring Lardner, Jr., begins on
page 483 of the congressional report above referred to. It corroborates
the information in the files of the Senate committee investigating
un-American activities in California, and reads as follows :
The files, records, and publications of the Committee on un-American
Activities contain the following information concerning the Communist-
front affiliations of Ring Lardner, Jr. :
Under date of August 22, 1946, the Hollywood Reporter, a publica-
tion in Los Angeles, California, carried an editorial headed ' ' More Red
Commissars. ' ' This editorial is quoted, in part, as follows :
1 ( Now let us take a look at another member of the Screen Writers
Guild's executive board — Ring Lardner, Jr. As chairman of the
Guild's powerful original materials committee, Lardner incubated
and sponsored the James M. Cain plan for literary dictatorship
through the so-called American Authors Authority.
"The Reporter has this to ask Ring Lardner, Jr. : "Are you a
member of the Communist Party ? Are you at present assigned to
the party's northwest (propaganda) section? Do you hold Party
Book No. 25109 ?" The article continues : "Lardner has a long record
of activity in Communist front organizations. The March 1937 issue
of The Western Worker listed him as one of the signers of an open
letter which denounced the demands of the American Committee for
the Defense of Trotsky for an investigation of the Russian 'purge'
trials. This letter contended that such an investigation would con-
stitute political interference in the internal affairs of the Soviet
Union."
Lardner and his fellow signers at that time were acting in accordance
with the directives of the Stalin dictatorship which was attempting to
190 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
silence the Communist faction that was loyal to Trotsky. Trotsky later
was murdered in Mexico by an assassin who allegedly was a member of
the Communist Party.
In 1941 Lardner resigned his official position in the Screen Writers
Guild, after James K. McGuinness and Howard Emmett Rogers had
conducted a vigorous campaign against the Communist activities of that
organization. But this was only a temporary retreat made necessary by
the searchlight which Mr. McGuinness and Mr. Rogers had turned on the
Guild's leadership. At present, Lardner, in addition to being chairman
of the original materials committee, is a member of the editorial com-
mittee, which is responsible for the editorial policies of the Guild's
magazine.
In 1942, Lardner was on the editorial board of Communique, pub-
lished by the Hollywood Writers Mobilization, a Communist-front organ-
ization, and a member of the mobilization's minority committee, a
smaller group also actively engaged in party-line work. * * *
The American Youth for Democracy is the new name for the Young
Communist League. The Committee on Un-American Activities, in its
report of April 17, 1947, called upon the governors or legislatures of the
various states and the administrative heads of the colleges and univer-
sities "to thoroughly expose the Communist connections of the American
Youth for Democracy, as well as the inimical objectives of the Communist
Party in America." The American Youth for Democracy was also cited
as a Communist front by the Special Committee on Un-American Activi-
ties in the report on March 29, 1944. The People's World of December 1,
1944, reveals that Ring Lardner, Jr., was a sponsor of the American
Youth for Democracy. The People's World is the organ of the Communist
Party on the West Coast.
People's World, on August 17, 1944, contained an article setting
forth the winners in the contest sponsored by the American Youth for
Democracy. This was a letter-writing contest held in connection with a
play entitled "Tomorrow the World," and had for its theme "Why
Democracy Is Better Than Fascism." The article announced that judges
for the contest were Ring Lardner, Jr., Franklin Fearing, William 0.
Oliver, Rev. J. Raymond Henderson, and Mayer Frieden. It should be
noted that this was during the period when Russia was our ally.
The American Youth for Democracy, Room 701, 542 S. Broadway,
Los Angeles, California, published a pamphlet setting forth the work of
the American Youth for Democracy. This pamphlet listed a committee
which would sponsor the American Youth for Democracy's first anniver-
sary dinner in Los Angeles in November, 1944. Among those listed as
sponsors were Ring Lardner, Jr., John Howard Lawson, Mrs. Charlotta
A. Bass, Mrs. Dalton Trumbo, and Edward Dmytryk.
George Dimitroff, the former general secretary of the Communist
International, was honored by a declaration issued by the Reichstag Fire
Trial Anniversary Committee. According to the New York Times of
December 22, 1943, page 40, Ring Lardner, Jr., was a signer of this
declaration which paid honor to Dimitroff. The Reichstag Fire Trial
Anniversary Committee was cited as a Communist front by the Special
Committee on Un-American Activities in the report of March 29, 1944.
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 191
The California Action Conference for Civil Rights was cited by the
California Joint Fact-Finding Committee as being ' ' Communist inspired
and dominated." The People's Daily World of September 27, 1941, lists
Ring Lardner, Jr., as a sponsor of the California Action Conference for
Civil Rights.
In the spring of 1946, the Civil Rights Congress, 205 East 42d Street,
New York City, issued a pamphlet entitled ' ' Urgent Summons to a Con-
gress on Civil Rights." This pamphlet called upon civil rights, labor,
religious, racial, and other organizations and individuals to attend a
Congress on Civil Rights in Detroit on April 27-28, 1946, to formulate
and agree upon a national program to defeat the offensive and reactionary
and Fascist forces and to assure the maximum unification of effort to
advance that program. The summons contained a partial list of sponsors.
This list included the name of Ring W. Lardner, Jr.
The Civil Rights Congress is the successor to the International Labor
Defense, legal arm of the Communist Party.
The American Friends of Spanish Democracy and the Veterans of
the Abraham Lincoln Br-gade were a part of the Communist Party pro-
gram to provide aid and assistance to the Spanish Loyalists in response
to instructions received from the Communist International at the
Seventh Communist International Congress held in 1935 in Moscow.
The American Friends of Spanish Democracy was cited as a Communist
front by the Special Committee on Un-American Activities in the report
of March 29, 1944, and by the Committee on Un-American Activities in
the reports of June 12, 1947, and September 2, 1947. The Daily Worker
of April 8, 1939, page 4, states that Ring Lardner, Jr., was affiliated with
this organization as a signer of a petition to lift the arms embargo which
the American Friends of Spanish Democracy sponsored. His affiliation
with the Veterans of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade is shown by the New
Masses of April 2, 1940, page 21, which lists him as a signer of a letter
which that organization sent to the President of the United States. The
Veterans of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade was cited as a Communist front
by the Special Committee on Un-American Activities in the report of
March 29, 1944, and as "under Communist control" by Professor John
Dewey, chairman of the Committee for Cultural Freedom, April, 1940.
The League of American Writers was affiliated with the Inter-
national Union of Revolutionary Writers, with headquarters in Moscow,
and has been pledged to the defense of the Soviet Union and the ' * Use of
art as an instrument of the class struggle." The Special Committee on
Un-American Activities cited it as a Communist front in the reports of
January 3, 1940, June 25, 1942, and March 29, 3944. It was also cited by
former Attorney General General Francis Biddle in these words : l i The
overt activities of the League of American Writers in the last two years
leave little doubt of its Communist control" (Congressional Record,
September 24, 1942, page 7686). Ring Lardner, Jr., according to the
Daily Worker of September 14, 1942, page 7, and People's World of
September 23, 1942, page 5, was a signer of a statement of the League of
American Writers in behalf of a second front. He was also affiliated with
the Hollywood chapter of the League of American Writers as a signer of
the cable sent to Leon Blum, President Roosevelt, and Secretary Hull for
supplies for Loyalist Spain, as shown by the New Masses of March 29,
1938, page 21.
192 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
The Writers Congress was sponsored by the Hollywood Writers
Mobilization which is the successor to the Hollywood branch of the
League of American Writers. The program of the Writers Congress,
1943, lists Ring Lardner, Jr., as the chairman of the panel on minority
groups.
The Open Letter to American Liberals was a denunciation of the
efforts made to defend Leon Trotsky and a reaffirmation of faith in the
Soviet Union. It also defended the Moscow trials which were character-
ized by forced confessions and were staged as political demonstrations
rather than trials, in our sense of the term. The Open Letter to American
Liberals, of which Ring Lardner, Jr., was a signer, according to Soviet
Russia Today, March, 1937, pages 14 and 15, was cited as a Communist-
front project by the Special Committee on Un-American Activities in
the report of June 25, 1942. Soviet Russia Today was formerly the publi-
cation of the Friends of the Soviet Union and has been cited as a Com-
munist-front publication by the Special Committee on Un-American
Activities on June 12, 1947, and September 2, 1947.
The Progressive Citizens of America has been described as an
' ' allegedly liberal organization which believes in cooperating with Com-
munists" by the Committee on Un-American Activities in its report of
June 12, 1947. It was formed by the pro-Communist group of the Inde-
pendent Citizens Committee of the Arts, Sciences, and Professions which
dissolved because of the issue of Communism. According to the Daily
Worker of May 16, 1947, page 11, a manuscript by Ring Lardner, Jr., was
sold at auction for the benefit of the literature division of the Progressive
Citizens of America.
According to the Daily Worker of March 31, 1947, page 11, Ring
Lardner, Jr., collaborated with John Hubley and Phil Eastman in the
writing of the screen version of the Brotherhood of Man, an animated
color cartoon produced by United Productions of America for the Auto
Workers Union. This film was based on the pamphlet, The Races of Man-
kind, coauthored by Ruth Benedict and Gene Weltfish, which the War
Department banned. Gene Weltfish heads the Congress of American
Women which is the American affiliate of the Women's International
Democratic Federation. One of the agencies through which the Brother-
hood of Man can be booked is the International Workers Order film divi-
sion. The International Workers Order was cited by Attorney General
Francis Biddle as "One of the strongest Communist organizations"
(Congressional Record, September 24, 1942, page 7688), and as a Com-
munist front by the Special Committee on Un-American Activities in
the reports of January 3, 1940, and June 25, 1942.
The Artists ' Front to Win the War, which was cited as a Communist
front by the Special Committee on Un-American Activities in the report
of March 29, 1944,* supported the then current Communist demand for
a second front. Sponsors of the organization included many writers for
the Communist press who had opposed the war during the Stalin-Hitler
pact such as Alvah Bessie, Angelo Herndon, Alfred Kreymborg, Albert
Maltz, Ruth McKenney, and Dalton Trumbo. The program of the Artists'
Front to Win the War, October 16, 1942, page 5, lists Ring Lardner, Jr.,
as a sponsor.
The Voice of Freedom Committee, according to PM of May 19, 1947,
page 19, was formed by Dorothy Parker, whose record of affiliation with
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 193
Communist-front organizations is set forth in a separate report. Accord-
ing to a news release of the organization, dated June 16, 1947, Langston
Hughes, Paul Robeson, and Donald Ogden Stewart, all of whom have
lengthy records of Communist-front affiliations, are sponsors of the
Voice of Freedom Committee, whose function is the support of com-
mentators who have received the acclaim of the Communist press. Ring
Lardner, Jr., is listed by a leaflet of the organization as a signer of a
petition which the Voice of Freedom Committee sponsored.
ASSOCIATED FILM AUDIENCES
In a report before the League of American Writers (Fighting
Words, edited by Donald Ogden Stewart) "a group of Hollywood
writers ' ' stated :
* ' Audience organization is the only safeguard of this function.
Associated Film Audiences, in the West, and Film Audiences for
Democracy, in the East, have made a beginning in audience organ-
ization through trade-unions, fraternal and church groups, and
women 's organizations. ' '
The Cinema Bureau in Moscow had laid down its directives con-
cerning the building up of audiences for the purpose of agitating against
certain films opposed to the current Communist Party line and for sup-
porting those which favor the line.
In 1939 Associated Film Audiences was merged with Films for
Democracy and became Film Audiences for Democracy.
Among executive members of the Hollywood branch of Associated
Film Audiences were Fritz Lang, John Cromwell, Herbert Biberman
and Aben Kandel.
The headquarters of Associated Film Audiences was located in New
York City at Room 805, 132 West 43d Street. Dr. Worth M. Tippy was
listed as honorary chairman. Edward K. Kern was chairman, and Viola
D. Calder was executive secretary. The executive board was composed of
the following: Roswell P. Barnes, Algernon Black, Dr. Sidney E. Gold-
stein, Lester Granger, Rita Hochheimer, Laurence Hosie, Spurgeon
Keeny, Dr. William H. Kilpatrick, Clyde R. Miller, Etta Schneider,
Abbott Simon, Katherine Terrill, and Rose Terlin.
BLACK AND WHITE
This monthly " literary " magazine was a Communist-controlled
publication in Los Angeles. Under the editorship of Wilbur Needham,
the periodical began publication June, 1939. Among the associate editors
of the magazine were the following: Carey Me Williams, Ella Winter,
Dolph Winebrenner, and Robert A. Brady. Herber A. Klein, former
organizer of Unit 140 of the Communist Party of Los Angeles, was also
an associate editor of Black and White. Still another associate editor
was Harlan R. Crippen, former member of the Young Communist
League.
Mike Quinn, Tom Cullen, Elsa Gidlow, Donald Ogden Stewart, and
Haakon Chevalier were associated with the magazine.
14— L-7088-D
194 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
BOOK UNION
This outfit is the Communist ' ' Book-of -the-Month ' ' club. The selec-
tion of the books is in the hands of a Communist board of editors. The
Communist-owned publications were mobilized fully behind the attempt
to make the Book Union a success.
The first offer of the Book Union was Proletarian Literature in the
United States, sponsored by the League of American Writers. The book
was published by International Publishers.
The editorial board of Book Union, Inc., (381 Fourth Avenue, New
York City) were Malcolm Cowley, Robert W. Dunn, Henry Hart, Gran-
ville Hicks, Corliss Lamont, Isidor Schneider, Bernard Smith, Alexan-
der Trachtenberg, Mary Van Kleeck, and Marian Hart.
The advisory council of Book Union, Inc., included Roger Bald-
win, Max Bedacht, Joseph Brodsky, Erskine Caldwell, Fielding Burke,
Jack Conroy, H. W. L. Dana, R. Palme Dutt, James T. Farrell, Waldo
Frank, Joseph Freeman, Leo Gallagher, Hugo Gellert, Ben Gold, Michael
Gold, Eugene Gordon, Clarence Hathaway, Josephine Herbst, Langston
Hughes, Matthew Josephson, Joshua Kunitz, John Howard Lawson,
Robert Morss Lovett, Loren Miller, Lewis Mumford, M. Nadir, Joseph
North, Clifford Odets, Moissaye J. Olgin, Paul Peters, Edwin Seaver,
John L. Spivak, Maxwell S. Stewart, John Strachey, Genevieve Taggard,
Ernst Toller, Louis Weinstock, John Wexley, Ella Winter, and James
Waterman Weiss.
CALIFORNIA LABOR SCHOOL
The committee has in its files and exhibits many of the pamphlets
circulated by the California Labor School Library. One such pamphlet
is entitled "Why Work for Nothing?" by Herman Schendel. The charac-
ter of this type of propaganda is indicated by the following quotation,
which appears at page 63 :
"Marx stands out as one of mankind's greatest thinkers and
scientists and fighters. Today, his books and his ideas reach millions
of people. His influence grows because time is proving that he
called the turn on capitalism. ' '
On Sunday, March 4, 1945, a reception was held in honor of Paul
Robeson, notorious Negro Communist leader. The reception was for the
benefit of the Communist California Labor School and it was sponsored
by the following: Mrs. Frances Albrier, Mrs. Fanny Bulger, Mr. and
Mrs. Jeffery Cohelan, Mr. and Mrs. Matt Crawford, Mr. and Mrs. C. L.
Dellums, Prof, and Mrs. William R. Dennes, Dr. and Mrs. Monroe E.
Deutsch, Dr. and Mrs. Virgil E. Dickson, Prof, and Mrs. Willard H.
Durham, Mr. and Mrs. Herbert W. Erskine, Mr. and Mrs. Robert B.
Flippin, Mr. and Mrs. Alfred Frankenstein, Mrs. Frank Gerbode, Mr.
and Mrs. Sam Hamburg, Prof, and Mrs. W. Z. Hassid, Mr. and Mrs.
John Hassler, Mr. and Mrs. George Hay ward, Mr. and Mrs. Paul Heide,
Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Henry Jackson, Mr. and Mrs. David Jenkins, Mr.
and Mrs. Allan Johnson, Mr. and Mrs. Sydney Joseph, Dr. and Mrs.
Jacob Kasanin, Prof. A. M. Kidd, Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Kuttler, Mr. and
Mrs. Sam Ladar, Mr. and Mrs. Duncan McDuffie, Dr. and Mrs. A. C.
McGiffert, Leonard J. Meltzer, Nathan Harry Miller, Dr. and Mrs.
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 195
William R. O'Dell, Mr. and Mrs. Walter E. Packard, Mr. and Mrs.
John Peregoy, Dr. and Mrs. William R. Pittman, Prof, and Mrs. Max
Radin, Dr. Aurelia Henry Reinhart, Dr. and Mrs. Frank H. Rodin,
Prof, and Mrs. Leo Rogin, Mr. and Mrs. Harry J. Sapper, J. D. Sarber,
Mr. and Mrs. Louis Siegal, Paul St. Sure, Mrs. Mary Ellen Washburn,
Mr. and Mrs. Gordon Williams, Dr. and Mrs. Baldwin Woods, and Mr.
and Mrs. Frank Youell.
David Hedley was subpenaed and testified before the committee in
Oakland on November 5, 1947. He stated that he was the assistant
director of the California Labor School. He admitted that he had taught
a course at the predecessor of the California Labor School, the Com-
munist Tom Mooney Labor School. He identified a Communist booklet
"Why Work for Nothing" by Herman Schendel as a booklet of the
California Labor School. Hedley admitted that he was not a citizen of
the United States although he had headed the California C.I.O. Political
Action Committee. Although not a citizen, he stated that he believed
that ' ' any kind of a political affiliation or political activity that I may
engage in is my right, guaranted by the — under the Constitution — and
that it is not proper for the committee to place questions of that kind. ' '
For a detailed account of the California Labor School, see the com-
mittee's 1947 Report.
CALIFORNIA LEGISLATIVE CONFERENCE
This Communist front is variably called by the number of its
meetings.
The latest call for the California Legislative Conference appeared
in the Communist People's Daily World for March 5, 1948. About one
hundred delegates from 11 Northern California congressional districts
were scheduled to gather at the Palace Hotel, San Francisco, on March 8,
1948.
George F. Irvine, chairman of the California Legislative Confer-
ence, announced that issues to be discussed would include the Town-
send Pension, the State Senate Reapportionment, and Housing Initiative
Petitions; revision of the State Constitution, Central Valley Develop-
ment, Civil Rights and Minorities, and Child Care. Among those indi-
viduals scheduled to participate in this Communist conference are the
following: Frank Hendricks, secretary of the San Francisco C.I.O.
Political Action Committee ; Kathleen Griffin, Oakland Voters ' League ;
Mary Pieper, Berkeley Democratic Club, Edith Pfalsgraf, Sonoma
Pomona Grange; Carl Barnum, Sacramento Brotherhood of Railroad
Trainmen ; Phyllis Lindley, Grass Valley ; Robert Hardgrove, San Jose ;
Ethel Stevens,* Modesto ; Hence Fisher, Bakersfield ; Margaret Moreau ;
Harold F. Wise, California Housing Initiative Committee; Wilford
Howard, Townsend Legislative Chairman; and Dr. Max Radin, Uni-
versity of California. Dr. Max Radin, incidentally, was scheduled to
discuss the initiative petition for the reapportionment of the California
State Senate.
CALIFORNIA YOUTH LEGISLATURE
See American Youth Congress.
196 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
CELEBRATION OF 15 YEARS BIRO-BIDJAN
This Communist-front organization came into being to celebrate
15 years of Biro-Bidjan. Biro-Bidjan is a Jewish Communist colony in
the Soviet Union.
The Committee of sponsors for the Celebration of 15 Years Biro-
Bidjan include the following : Max Levin, A. Jenofsky, Prof. C. Kuntz,
Ben Gold, B. Z. Goldberg, Rabbi Benjamin Plotkin, Louis Weinstock,
M. Stern, Jacob Adler, Max Bedacht, Alexander Bittelman, Louis B.
Boudin, Joseph R. Brodsky, Peter V. Cacchione, Morris Carnovsky, Dr.
Bella V. Dodd, Abraham Flaxer, William Gropper, V. J. Jerome,
Moishe Katz, Rockwell Kent, Carol King, B. Lapin, Helen London, Mrs.
J. H. Macy, Mary Cabot Macy, Vito Marcan,tonio, Harry Mintz, Paul
Muni, Clifford Odets, Max Perlow, Adam Clayton Powell, Jr., Dr.
Maxwell Ross, Jacob Rothbaum, Max Steinberg, James Waterman Wise,
Victor A. Yakhontoff, and Benjamin Zemach.
CHAMPION OF YOUTH
This is a Communist Party periodical for youth. It is published by
Champion of Youth Publishers, located at 2 East 23d Street, New York
City. Headquarters were maintained at 799 Broadway, New York City,
which is also the headquarters of the Young Communist League, and
many other Communist Party auxiliary organizations. (The building at
799 Broadway, which also uses the address 80 East llth Street, is owned
by Communist Grace Burnham.) Prompt Press (Union Printers' Label
No. 209), Communist printing organization, does the actual printing.
Morrie Schnapper was the editor and Irvin Keitly the business man-
ager and managing editor. The editorial board has been composed of
John Ames, Joseph Cohen, Dave Doran, Angelo Herndon, Roger Chase,
Beryl Gilman, Sofie Juried, James Wechsler, and Jane Whitebread.
Advisory editors were listed as Lynn J. Frazier, Eduard C. Lindeman,
Jerome Davis, Oswald Garrison Villard, Frank Palmer, William Ziegner,
C. Harley Grattan, Jack Conroy, Kenneth M. Gould, Harry Elmer
Barnes, Sherman Dryer, and Robert Morss Lovett.
Others connected with Champion of Youth are Sam Pavzner, Inter-
national Workers Order ; Louis Gordon, member of the Maine campaign
committee of the Communist Party; James Murphy, member of the
National Campaign Committee of the Communist Party ; James Lerner,
member of the staff of the Daily Worker, and youth secretary of the
American League Against War and Fascism and the International
Workers Order; Francis Franklin, writer for the Communist; Langston
Hughes, affiliated with the Friends of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade,
Friends of the Soviet Union, International Workers Order, American
League for Peace and Democracy, League of American Writers, North
American Committee to Aid Spanish Democracy, American Revolution-
ary Writers' Congress, League of Professional Groups for Foster and
Ford, and National Committee for Browder and Ford; Frederick N.
Myers, member of the Friends of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade ; Richard
Pack, New Theatre contributor ; John Groth, member of the Friends of
the Soviet Union, American League for Peace and Democracy, and New
Masses and New Theatre contributor; Gregor Duncan, member of the
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 197
Friends of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade, and James Wechsler, member
of the American Student Union, and a New Masses contributor.
The Young Communist League made a practice of giving subscrip-
tions to Champion of Youth to all members who paid their initiation fee.
The periodical was also used as an official publication of the International
Workers Order which had printed on the cover of its copies "I. W. 0.
Edition. "
CHINA CONFERENCE ARRANGEMENTS COMMITTEE
This front was organized primarily to bring pressure on the Truman
administration to remove American troops from China so that the Chinese
Communists would be given a free hand against Chiang Kai-Shek.
Allen Metcalf is the Southern California director of the Committee
to Win the Peace, and is the signer of a letter ander date of November 6,
1946 on the letterhead of the China Conference Arrangements Committee.
The headquarters of the organization is listed as room 334, 206 S. Spring
Street, telephone number MUtual 7859. The letter is as follows :
To : All Organizations.
Subject : " Remove American Troops From
China" Petition Drive.
During the period November 15th to December 15th there will
be an intensive petition campaign, directed to President Truman,
asking the President to take the following action in the interests of
America 's peace and security :
1. Remove all American armed forces from China immediately.
2. Withhold all loans, credits, military and other material assist-
ance from the present Chinese government until the Chinese
civil war is halted and a democratic, representative, peaceful
Chinese government has been formed.
3. Pursue a more democratic foreign policy in Korea, the Philip-
pines, Japan, and throughout the Far East.
The goal is to secure 100,000 Los Angeles signatures and another
50,000 signatures in the rest of Southern California by Decem-
ber 15th.
These petitions, when completed on December 15th, will be
turned over to a group of Southern California congressmen with
instructions to place the signatures personally on President Tru-
man 's desk and then to introduce into the Eightieth Congress early
in January a house resolution calling for congressional action to
remove American armed forces from China, etc.
You can pick up these petitions for your members to circulate
beginning Tuesday, November 12th at our headquarters. If the goal
of 150,000 signatures is to be reached all the forces interested in
peace must cooperate decisively in this campaign. Act Now ! ! !
The late Brigadier General Evans F. Carlson was the temporary
chairman of the China Conference Arrangements Committee. The
National Committee to Win the Peace and the Committee for Democratic
Far Eastern Policy were co-sponsors of the China Conference Arrange-
ments Committee.
198 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
A partial list of sponsors printed on the letterhead above referred to
is as follows Ellenore Abowitz, James Egert Allen, Bertram Alves, Lee
Bachelis, Sam Baiter, Sanford S. Beldner, Elmer A. Benson, Michael
Blankfort, Dr. Charlotte Hawkins Brown, Rev. L. B. Brown, George
Campbell, Si Lan Chen, Margarete L. Clark, Leslie E. Claypool, Rabbi
J. K. Cohen, M. de Gracia Concepcion, Philip M. Connelly, Bartley C.
Crum, Rev. J. C. Coleman, Parley Parker Christensen, Joseph Curran,
Hugh Deane, Jr., Hugh De Lacey, Earl P. Dickerson, Dean Dixon, Rabbi
Simon A. Dolgin, Rev. W. E. B. DuBois, Julius Emspak, Frederick V.
Field, Harrison Forman, Rev. Stephen H. Fritchman, John Garfield,
Leo A. Goldberg, Rabbi Ernest E. Greenfield, Lena Home, Augustus F.
Hawkins, Dr. Claude Hudson, John B. Hughes, Langston Hughes, James
Wong Howe, Alvin P. Jackson, Michael Kanin, Robert W. Kenny, Rabbi
Jacob Kohn, Leo Kryzycki, Edward Lamb, Millard Lampell, Canada Lee,
Katherine de Mille Quinn, Alain Locke, Rev. Martin Luther Long, Albert
Maltz, Thomas Mann, Vito Marcantonio, Elizabeth B. McCandless, Carey
Me Williams, Rev. Jack McMichael, Rt. Rev. Walter Mitchell, Judge
Stanley Moffatt, Karen Morley, Ed Mosk, Dr. Max Nussbaum, Gregory
Peck, Frank Pallet, Dr. Edwin McNeil! Poteat, Paul Robeson, Earl Rob-
inson, Edward G. Robinson, Reid Robinson, John R. Roden, Maud Rus-
sell, Frederick L. Schuman, Jean Sieroty, Edgar Snow, Mrs. Edgar
Snow, Johannes Steel, Maxwell S. Stewart, Everett M. Stowe, Ilona Ralf
Sues, Dalton Trumbo, Dr. Keith Sward, Frank Tuttle, Al S. Waxman,
Claude L. Welch, Justice James H. Wolfe, and Virginia Wright.
The Communist Party line shifted after V-J Day and all existing
Communist fronts started pressure on the administration in reference to
its foreign policy both in China and central Europe in order to clear the
way for Soviet expansion. The China Conference Arrangements Com-
mittee, the Committee for a Democratic Far Eastern Policy, and the
Committee to Win the Peace were new fronts in this field.
CHINA TODAY
This magazine is published by the Communist front, Friends of the
Chinese People, at 168 West 23d Street, New York City.
J. W. Phillips, Frederick Spencer, Hansu Chan, Lawrence Hearn
and E. P. Greene have been editors of China Today.
Maxwell S. Stewart, R. P. Norton, R. A. Howell, Theodore Draper,
Andrew Drummond, J. H. Lin, Fumio Tanabe, L. Turner, Harold Ward,
Victor A. Yakhontoff, and Julius Loeb have been contributing editors.
Robert Norton, Max Granich, T. A. Bisson, Philip J. Jaffe, Haru
Matsui, Frank Kai-ming Su, Dorothea Tooker, and Michel Rothman have
been connected with the magazine in one capacity or another.
CITIZENS' COMMITTEE FOR BETTER EDUCATION
This front maintains headquarters at 1515 Crossroads of the World
in Hollywood, the address for similar groups. Mrs. John Whedon is
president ; Mrs. Arthur Yanow, vice president ; Mrs. Hartwell E. Scar-
brough, financial secretary; Mrs. Louis Waldeck, recording secretary;
Miss Wilma Baker, corresponding secretary, and Angers Woolley,
treasurer.
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 199
The chief activity of the Citizens' Committee for Better Education
has been the support of extreme leftists for election to the Los Angeles
Board of Education. In 1947 the committee fronted for the election of
Dr. H. Claude Hudson, who has been active in a number of Communist-
front organizations.
The Citizens' Committee for Better Education uses the Communist
Party 's mailing list for Los Angeles County. Several of the committee 's
agents receive mimeographed material under several aliases, indicating
that the Citizens' Committee for Better Education has access to the
party's files.
A paragraph from a mimeographed appeal for funds on the letter-
head of the Citizens' Committee for Better Education, signed by Anita
Yanow as acting president and dated April 23, 1947, utilizes typical
double-talk characteristic of Communist fronts :
The anti-democratic forces of this city resorted to every desper-
ate device to elect their candidate in the primaries. They dragged
out the red herring. They resorted to race baiting. Their press sys-
tematically denied our candidate access to the channels of com-
munication. We faced an iron curtain of silence whenever we tried
to bring the true issues of the campaign to the public. But despite
these attempts to gag and to smear progressive candidates, the forces
of reaction did not succeed in their purpose. Dr. Hudson got on the
final ballot. This is a real victory for the common man. (Committee
italics. )
Among the Communists and Communist fellow-travelers who have
been writing textbooks for use in public schools are the following : Louis
Adamic, Sherwood Anderson, Prof. Charles A. Beard, Mary Beard,
Pearl S. Buck, Eveline M. Burns, Prof. Zachariah Chaffee, Jr., Stuart
Chase, Edward Corsi, Kenneth Crawford, Carl Crow, Edwin Embree,
Abraham Epstein, Morris Ernst, Dorothy Canfield Fisher, Hallie Flana-
gan, Prof. Willystone Goodsell, Arthur Garfield Hays, James Weldon
Johnson, Oliver La Farge, Owen Lattimore, Prof. Helen M. Lynd, Prof.
Robert S. Lynd, Prof. Kenneth MacGowan, Prof. Kirtley F. Mather,
Carey Me Williams, Lewis Mumford, Rose Nelson, Prof. H. A. Overstreet,
Prof. Paul Radin, Prof. Holland D. Roberts, Mari Sandoz, William Sea-
brook, Sigmund Spaeth, Prof. Eugene Staley, Lincoln Steffens, Prof.
Bernhard J. Stern, Leland Stowe, Maxwell S. Stewart, Marguerite N.
Stewart, Anna Louise Strong, Shepard Traube, James Waterman Wise,
Carl W. Wittke, Albert Rhys Williams, Frank Lloyd Wright, Lin
Yutang, Dr. Will H. Alexander, Margaret Bourke-White, Prof. Frank
P. Graham, Granville Hicks, and Sidney and Beatrice Webb.
As this partial report goes to press the committee is in receipt of a
communication from a student at Los Angeles City College. He writes :
"This is a list of books suggested for reading in our English class. It
has just recently been published by the English department and includes
Communist authors such as Leland Stowe, Ilya Ehrenburg, Edgar Snow,
and Carey McWilliams. How about cleaning out the Red teachers at
Los Angeles City College ? ' '
This communication was written on the back of a mimeographed
sheet containing a list of "Books Available in Class Library, H. T. Heath,
1947." The Red viewpoint is definitely indicated both in the titles of
200 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
the books and the authors, which in addition to those listed by the student
in his communication, include Louis Adamic.
In 1948, the address on the letterheads of the Citizens' Committee
for Better Education is given as 3467 North Knoll Drive, Los Angeles
28, California. The address "6769 Lexington Avenue, Los Angeles 38, "
has been crossed off of the letterhead in the possession of the committee.
The officers of the organization for 1948, as they appear on the
letterhead mentioned above, are, Dr. H. Claude Hudson, president ; Dr.
George B. Mangold, first vice president; Mrs. Louis Waldeck, second
vice president; Mrs. Hartwell E. Scarbrough, financial secretary; Mrs.
Alex Blumstein, recording secretary; Mrs. Esther Gilbert, correspond-
ing secretary ; and Angers Woolley, treasurer.
The Citizens' Committee for Better Education is currently pres-
suring the Legislature for passage of Assembly Bill Nos. 2 and 3 (1948
Session) providing for permanent child care centers.
CITIZENS COMMITTEE TO FREE EARL BROWDER
This organization was strictly a Communist Party project. Elizabeth
Gurley Flynn was the executive secretary of the organization. Miss
Flynn is not only a member of the national committee of the Communist
Party but is a columnist for the Daily Worker. Louis Weinstock, admin-
istrative secretary of the Citizens Committee to Free Earl Browder,
became a member of the national committee of the Communist Political
Association.
Earl Browder admitted before the House Special Committee on
Un-American Activities, in September, 1939, that he had traveled on
false passports. His conviction and sentence was not based on this fact,
however. His conviction and sentence to four years in Atlanta Federal
Penitentiary was based on the charge of perjury committed in connec-
tion with his false passports. Browder had served a term as a draft
dodger of World War I in Leavenworth Prison.
The principal Communist pressure-vehicle for Browder 's release
was the Citizens Committee to Free Earl Browder.
Before Browder started his prison sentence at Atlanta Penitentiary,
he made the following public statement :
"If my passport offense rates four years, what is the punish-
ment that fits the crime of Franklin D. Koosevelt against the Amer-
ican people ? I think the punishment that will inevitably be inflicted
for that crime — the supreme punishment — will be written by his-
tory, which will write down that name as the man who betrayed
the peace and prosperity of the American people. ' '
Among those who were affiliated with the Citizens Committee to
Free Earl Browder, either as committee members or signers of state-
ments or petitions, are the following : Philip M. Connelly, Louis Gold-
blatt, Lyn Whiting, Henry Schmidt, Ernest Lovina, James Smith, Ben
Gold, Paul Stein, Donald McGuire, Hugh Bryson, Walter J. Stack,
Donald Henderson, Paul Heide, Roger Baldwin, Max Bedacht, Prof.
Franz Boas, Hugh De Lacey, Abraham Flaxer, Elizabeth Gurley Flynn,
Osmond K. Fraenkel, Stephen H. Fritchman, Dashiell Hammett, Kock-
well Kent, Max Lerner, Albert Maltz, Vito Marcantonio, Lewis Merrill,
Grant Oakes, Arthur Upham Pope, A. Clayton Powell, Jr.? Paul Robeson,
TIN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 201
Reid Robinson, Vilhjalmur Stefansson, Dr. Clinton J. Taft, Dr. Harry
F. Ward, James Waterman Wise, Dr. Max Yergan, Art Young, Rev.
Edward L. Parsons, Prof. Sophonisba Breckinridge, Prof. Albert
Sprague Coolidge, Prof. Henry Pratt Fairchild, Prof. Walter Rauten-
strauch, Theodore Dreiser, Alfred Kreymborg, Carey McWilliams,
Oswald G. Villard, Dr. Thomas A. Addis, John Beardsley, Arthur Gar-
field Hays, Mary Van Kleeck, Tom Mooney, Louis Weinstock, Robert W.
Dunn, Warren K. Billings, Dr. W. E. B. Du Bois, Leo Gallagher, Angelo
Herndon, James Waterman Wise, Eduard C. Lindeman, Mrs. Fay E.
Allen, Dr. Ira DeA. Reid, Mervyn Rathborne, Elliott Wax, William
Morris, and Michael Quill.
CITIZENS COMMITTEE FOR THE MOTION PICTURE STRIKERS
This Communist front was organized for the purpose of creating
sympathy for Herbert K. Sorrell's Communist inspired strike against
the motion picture industry. It was particularly active in attempting
to influence public opinion in favor of Sorrell and his strikers and in
agitating and fomenting antagonisms between law enforcement officers
and the strikers.
Included in the activities of the Citizens Committee for the Motion
Picture Strikers were John Howard Lawson, Carey McWilliams, Albert
Dekker, Dr. Franklin Fearing, and others.
CIVIL RIGHTS CONGRESS
Communist fronts change their names so often that it is difficult to
keep up with them. The groups devoted to defending the Communist
Party and its members change their names more often than others. Of
the so-called ' ' defense fronts ' ' the most prominent have been the Inter-
national Labor Defense and the National Federation of Constitutional
Liberties. These fronts recently combined with the Metropolitan Inter-
faith and Interracial Coordinating Council of New York, and now
operate under the name of the Civil Rights Congress. The national head-
quarters are located at 205 East 42d Street, New York City.
George Marshall, who headed the National Federation for Constitu-
tional Liberties, is the national chairman; Dr. Benjamin E. Mays and
Harry F. Ward are honorary cochairmen; Raymond C. Ingersoll is
treasurer ; Milton Kaufman is executive director ; Milton N. Kemnitz is
field director; George F. Addes, Mary Bethune, Rev. Charles A. Hill,
Ira Latimer, Stanley Nowak, Lawrence Rivkin, and Vincent Sheean are
national vice chairmen. Benjamin Goldring is the secretary of the legal
committee.
A National Congress on Civil Rights was held in Detroit on April
27-28, 1946, out of which emerged the Civil Rights Congress. Initiators
of the national congress were the late Col. Evans Carlson, Norman Corwin,
Dr. Kirtley F. Mather, Carey McWilliams, Edward G. Robinson, Paul
Robeson, Clark Foreman, George Marshall, James G. Patton, and Con-
gressman Vito Marcantonio.
The sponsors of the national congress included Susan B. Anthony II,
of the Congress of American Women, Louis E. Burnham, D. A. Cameron,
Prof. Emmanuel Chapman, Philip M. Connelly, Bishop J. A. Gregg,
Rabbi Ferdinand M. Isserman, Ellis E. Patterson, Michael J. Quill,
202 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Dorothy K. Roosevelt, Senator Glen H. Taylor, Max Weber, Louis
Adamic, Elmer Benson, Elizabeth Gurley Flynn, and Francis J.
McConnell.
Signers of the call to the national congress were Anna M. Kross,
Gene Weltfish, Saul Mills, Adam Clayton Powell, Vito Marcantonio,
Johannes Steel, Lisa Sergio, Joe Curran, Joseph P. Selly, and Hulan
E. Jack.
Milton Kaufman, Louis Coleman of the International Labor Defense,
and Milton Kemnitz were elected to the continuation committee.
The California headquarters of the Civil Rights Congress is located
at 206 South Spring Street in Los Angeles : telephone number VAndike
3360. William R. Bidner is the executive director. The Los Angeles
sponsors are as follows : Prof. Thomas Addis, Sam Baiter, Charlotta A.
Bass, Michael Blankfort, George Campbell, Morris Carnovsky, Rev. Don
M. Chase, Philip M. Connelly, Jaime Gonzales, E. Y. Harburg, Dr. J. H.
Hayes, Willis J. Hill, Dr. Harry Hoijer, Lena Home, Dr. H. Claude
Hudson, Peter Kahn, Jr., Robert W. Kenny, Howard Koch, William S.
Lawrence, Kenneth MacGowan, Thomas Mann, Hugh McBeth, Jr., Judge
Stanley Moffatt, Seniel Ostrow, Anne Revere, Frank Scully, Artie Shaw,
Ruth Marrow Slade, Herbert K. Sorrell, and Virginia Wright.
The current activity of the Communist front is agitation in behalf
of Hans Eisler now awaiting deportation hearing and considered an
important agent of the international Communist movement. The second
current activity of the Civil Rights Congress is a campaign to stop the
Thomas Committee in Washington and the Senate Fact-Finding Com-
mittee in California.
A pamphlet issued by the Communist Party of Los Angeles (Room
525, 124 West Sixth Street) at the time the Freedom Train visited
Los Angeles, lays down the current line for the Civil Rights Congress and
all of the subsidiary organizations of the International Labor Defense.
The pamphlet reads, in part, as follows:
Freedom Is More Than a Train * * * The fight for Freedom
has now become one of defending sacred Constitutional rights.
John Williamson, Labor Secretary of the Communist Party,
Gerhardt Eisler, leading German anti-fascist, and Ferdinand Smith,
Secretary of the National Maritime Union, have been seized by the
Justice Department, are being kept in isolation at Ellis Island and
are denied release on bail !
The technique now being practiced is to seize those who oppose
the war plans of the Truman administration, charge them with
being * ' dangerous aliens, ' ' hustle them oif to a concentration camp,
such Ellis Island is becoming, and keep them there indefinitely.
If the government succeeds in this plot, no American having
any political objections to the bipartisan administration will be safe.
Every American who values his own liberty should protest this
violation of our freedom heritage.
Wire Attorney General Clark insisting that bail be set for
Williamson, Eisler and Smith !
Demand that the Truman Administration stop the deportation
proceedings based on political beliefs !
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 203
One of the most brazen Communist meetings held in a church in Los
Angeles was the Paul Robeson concert-meeting held Friday, February
27, 1948, at 8 p.m. in the Second Baptist Church, located at 2412
Griffith Avenue, in the City of Los Angeles. The meeting was under the
auspices of the Civil Rights Congress, the C.I.O. United Public Workers,
and the A. F. of L. state, county and municipal workers. The important
participants in this meeting were Sidney Moore, a Mr. DiMisner, a Mr.
Lindsey, Dr. Francis E. Townsend, Don Wheeldon, Lena Home, Char-
lotta Bass, James Burford, and Paul Robeson.
Sidney Moore represented the C.I.O. Unitfi Public Workers Inter-
national. Don Wheeldon, represented the United Negro and Allied Vet-
erans. Dr. Francis E. Townsend, aging leader of the old age pension
advocates, has apparently gone over to the Communist Party and is
presently quite a hero with Stalin 's agents. Lena Home has consistently
given aid and comfort to Communist-front organizations and causes.
Charlotta Bass, editor of the Communist California Eagle, has been
affiliated with most of the Los Angeles County 's Communist-front organi-
zations and is a member of the Communist-front, International Labor
Defense. James Burford, since his affiliation with the Communist units
at Berkeley, has been an avid Communist functionary. Paul Robeson is an
avowed Communist and is probably the most active Negro in Stalin's
fifth column in America.
The Rev. J. Raymond Anderson, is pastor of the Second Baptist
Church.
Bill Bendor of the Civil Rights Congress and Sam Berland of the
C.I.O. United Public Workers were called to the platform and introduced.
Don Wheeldon was in charge of the collection. He stated that he was
present "to raise funds to help in the defense of Ferdinand Smith,
Claudia Jones, John Williamson/' and others threatened with deporta-
tation. Ferdinand Smith, Claudia Jones, and John Williamson are all
self-confessed Communists.
Dr. Francis E. Townsend donated $50 ; and Mr. Gorlich donated $25 ;
Sadie and Morris Goodman donated $5; Glen Whitney donated $25;
Leola Burns donated $5 ; Verdia Finch donated $5 ; Mrs. Good donated
$5 ; Mrs. Spencer donated $1 ; Murray 's Dude Ranch donated $25 ;
American Youth For Democracy donated $8.92 ; and the Sawtelle Pro-
gressive Citizens of America gave $5.
It was announced that Leon Foreman had lost his wallet.
The Civil Rights Congress, Division of Mobilization for Democracy,
issued a call, signed by Daniel G. Marshal, Chairman of the Los Angeles
Chapter of the National Lawyers Guild, Anthony Lucio, Port Agent of
the San Pedro Branch of the National Maritime Union, and William R.
Bidner, Executive Director of the Civil Rights Congress, for a meeting
to be held at the Embassy Auditorium, Ninth and Grand Avenue, in the
City of Los Angeles, Tuesday evening, March 9, 1948, at 8 p.m.
The aforesaid "Call to Emergency Action Conference" reads as
follows :
Five men arrested for deportation are on a hunger strike
against the denial of any bail, pending normal legal procedure in
their cases. To date, in all of the political deportation cases reason-
able bail has been granted. In the case of these five men bail has been
204 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA,.
denied by personal order of Attorney General Tom Clark. In effect
these men are imprisoned and punished before they are found guilty
of any offense.
The individuals involved are :
Ferdinand C. Smith — Secretary, National Maritime Union, C.I.O.
Labor's most prominent Negro leader. (He has never before
been arrested or convicted of any crime.)
John Williamson — National Labor Secretary, Communist Party.
(He has never been arrested or convicted of any crime.)
Irving Potash — Manager, New York Fur and Leather Workers,
C.I.O.
Charles Doyle — International Vice President, C.I.O. Chemical
Workers. (He has never been arrested or convicted of any
crime.)
Gerhart Eisler — German progressive writer.
The One Issue at Stake Is— The Right of These Men to Release
on Reasonable Bail. At stake is every person 's right to due process
of law — the right to release on bail pending trial — the concept that a
person is innocent until proved guilty. These rights are guaranteed
in the Eighth Amendment to our Constitution which reads : ' ' Exces-
sive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel
or unusual punishment inflicted." The Fifth Amendment says:
' ' No person * * * shall be * * * deprived of life, liberty or prop-
erty without due process of law. ' '
Five men are now on a. hunger strike to secure these elementary
rights. It is of immediate urgency for every organization to be rep-
resented at this conference by delegates or observers. Qualified com-
munity and legal spokesmen will present the issues and a program
for action. No group will be committed beyond its desire and ability
to seek justice for all.
A "Fact Sheet No. 1 on Political Deportation Cases'9 is enclosed with
the '"Call." The "Fact Sheet" reads as follows:
These noncitizens and more than 100 others face deportation
proceedings by the Department of Immigration and the Department
of Justice because of their political opinions or progressive and labor
activities.
Peter Harisiades, of New York, native of Greece, entered United
States in 1916 at age of 13. Secretary of the Hellenic American
Brotherhood, I.W.O. (International Workers Order) . He is mar-
ried to an American citizen and is the father of two American-
born children.
Mrs. Theresa Horvath, of Fairmount, West Virginia, native of Hun-
gary, entered United States in 1921 at age of 23. Mother of two
American-born children, one of whom is an honorably dis-
charged war veteran.
Refugio Ramon Martinez, of Chicago, native of Mexico, entered
United States at age of 24. A member of the staff of the United
Packinghouse Workers of America. He is married to an Amer-
ican citizen and is the father of two American-born children.
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 205
David Balint, of Cleveland, native of Czechoslovakia, entered United
States in 1920 at age of 13. Former President of United Steel-
workers of America, Local 1666. He is married to an American
citizen and is the father of two American-born children.
Harry Bersin, of New York, native of Latvia, entered United States
in 1919 at age of 21. Honorably discharged veteran of second
World War. Member of Painters' Union, Local 51. Married to a
legally-resident alien.
Joe Weber, of Chicago, native of Yugoslavia, entered United States
in 1913 at age of 9. Former Director of Organization of the
United Farm Equipment and Metal Workers of America. Mar-
ried to an American citizen. Faces deportation on ground that,
in 1939, he visited Mexico for four hours.
Kondo Dimitroff, of Lorain, Ohio, native of Bulgaria, entered United
States at the age of 23. Member of the United Steel workers of
America and active in Bulgarian-American organizations.
Claudia Jones, native of Trinidad, entered United States in 1924.
Outstanding Negro woman leader and National Secretary of the
Women 's Commission of the Communist Party.
Ferdinand Smith, National Secretary of the National Maritime
Union of the C.I.O. and a member of the National Executive
Board of the C.I.O. Native of Jamaica, entered the United States
in 1932.
John Williamson, born in San Francisco in 1902. Arrested for depor-
tation to Scotland, native country of his parents. He is National
Labor Secretary of the Communist Party.
Charles Doyle, International Vice President Chemical Workers,
C.I.O., native of Ireland.
Gerhart Eisler, German Communist writer and leader, member of
the International Brigade that fought fascist Franco in Spain.
Irving Potash, native of Russia. Entered the United States more than
20 years ago. He is manager of the Joint Board of Fur and
Leather Workers, C.I.O., in New York.
Among those facing denial of citizenship are : Alex Balint, of
Cleveland ; Werner Fink, of Detroit ; Philip Stasiukevich, of Boston ;
and more than 12 applicants in Farrell, Pennsylvania.
Contact the Los Angeles Civil Rights Congress for further infor-
mation and action on the campaign to stop the political deportation
drive of the Truman Administration.
The following article from the Hollywood Citizens News for Wednes-
day, March 10, 1948, accurately reports the " Emergency Action Confer-
ence" at the Embassy Auditorium in Los Angeles on the evening of
March 9, 1948 :
Deportation of five alien Communists who last week staged a
"hunger strike" on Ellis Island was discussed by speakers in
Embassy Auditorium last night at a mass meeting sponsored by the
Civil Rights Congress, the Los Angeles chapter of National Lawyers
G uild and the San Pedro chapter of the National Maritime Union.
Sentiments of the audience were indicated by prolonged
applause for Philip M. Connelly, secretary-treasurer, Los Angeles
C.I.O. Council, who said :
206 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
"Justice will mean nothing to Attorney General Tom Clark
unless the American people rise up and put Tom Clark and his
sadistic Brown Shirts into their own concentration camp."
Earlier Connelly had denounced the holding of the alien Com-
munists without bail at the discretion of the Attorney General. The
meeting had been planned as a protest against the denial of bail.
Before the meeting, the alien Communists — accused of violating the
terms of their admission to the United States — were granted bail, so
the theme of the meeting was changed, according to William Bidner,
executive director, Civil Bights Congress. He described it as "an
emergency action conference" to launch "an all-out campaign
against the Truman Administration's deportation delirium."
Bidner told the gathering that 100 aliens are facing deportation
proceedings. "It didn't surprise me," he said, "to learn that more
than half of them are veteran trade-union leaders. ' '
Bidner interpreted the "deportation delirium" as a political
move of the Truman Administration. ' ' Ferdinand Smith, ' ' he said,
' ' was arrested the morning after he sat on the same platform beside
Henry Wallace before 22,000 people in Harlem."
Smith is Secretary of the National Maritime Union, C.I.O., and
a member of the national executive committee, Communist Party,
U.S.A.
Besides Smith, those whose deportation was discussed at the
meeting were Irving Potash, manager of the New York Fur and
Leather Workers, C.I.O. ; John Williamson, National Labor Secre-
tary, Communist Party; Charles Doyle, International Vice Presi-
dent, Chemical Workers, C.I.O., and Gerhart Eisler, described by
the Committee on Un-American Activities as the No. 1 Communist
in the United States.
Robert W. Kenny, who was introduced as chief counsel for the
10 Hollywood celebrities who face trial for refusing to tell Congress
whether they are Communists, drew a parallel between 1860 and
1948. "In 1860," he said, "the slave owners were defending what
they called the ' American way. ' Today, our government is again in
the hands of slave owners who are defending their system."
Kenny said the South, in opposing President Truman's civil
rights program, is insincere. ' * The protest against Truman is camou-
flage," he said. "What the South 's would-be slave owners really
fear is the demand for a new economy. ' '
He said he had just returned to Los Angeles from campaign
efforts in behalf of Henry Wallace.
1 ' Wallace and I have never disagreed except as to tactics, ' ' said
Kenny, "and he was usually right." He described Wallace as "the
only leader who can reverse the sickening trend of the last two
years."
Dan Marshall, president of the Los Angeles chapter of the
National Lawyers Guild, discussed the legal rights of the aliens
accused of communist activities.
Bidner asked the audience to join a picket line today at the
office of United States Attorney James Carter. * l Carter, ' ' he said,
* ' will be asked to convey a protest to Attorney General Clark. ' '
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 207
While a collection was being taken, Bidner announced dona-
tions from the National Maritime Union, Fur and Leather Workers
Union, News Vendors Union, United Furniture Workers, Progres-
sive Citizens of America, International Workers Order, and Morgan
Hull section of the Communist Party of Los Angeles County.
Dorothy Thompson summarizes the matter far better than could
this committee. She writes :
Tens of thousands of American youths are in their graves
because they fought to keep this Country free.
Now we are asked to weep crocodile tears because four alleged
Communist aliens who entered this Country illegally to further the
aim of destroying America are detained without bail on Ellis Island,
pending their deportation or sentencing.
They have gone on a hunger strike, and Communists are calling
mass meetings of protest.
"At stake, " they cry, "are due process of law, the right of
habeas corpus, the right to release on bail pending trial, the pre-
sumption that all are innocent until proved guilty, the concept of
equal justice for all."
Yes, these are exactly what are at stake. They are at stake, not
only in this Country, but all over the world. In the last few days, in
Czechoslovakia, scores of journalists, college professors and political
leaders have been thrown into jail, or out of jobs and sentenced to
serve in work gangs or starve — all without one single safeguard of
law. Among them are persons who suffered for years in German
concentration camps for Czech freedom.
These men held on Ellis Island belong to the same party which
everywhere destroys habeas corpus, due process, and equal justice.
They would, if they had their way, abolish everything they now
appeal to.
One of them is Gerhart Eisler, international Communist agent
and member of the Praesidium of the Communist International. He
entered this Country on a false affidavit, to direct the American
branch of the Communist Party in Moscow 's line. Now he is "warn-
ing" the American people that "no one in America is safe if (Attor-
ney General) Clark is allowed to imprison individuals, deny them
bail, because they oppose administration policy * * * Any crook or
criminal gets bail. ' '
What lunk!
Every crook or criminal does not get bail under American law.
And no ordinary crook or criminal represents half the menace that
these wretched tools of overthrow and destruction do. Their aims no
longer are academic. Men like these have suppressed every right,
every safeguard, every hope for millions.
"The denial of bail," says the Daily Worker protest, "is con-
trary to all precedent. ' '
Contrary to all precedent of civilized states is the habit of a
state, with whom friendly relations are thought to exist, to organize
and use an international movement to enter this Country, organize
treason among its citizens, seduce them to become spies, penetrate
208 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
the ranks of the innocent, exacerbate the discontents of racial groups,
capture the leadership of unions, and conspire for the dissolution of
the Nation — and in doing so appeal for constitutional safeguards !
So contrary to all precedent is such activity that the constitu-
tional state has wholly inadequate means for dealing with such a
movement. It must wait until it catches one of the members in open
breach of law to do anything against him at all !
Then the whole claque of hyenas turns loose in his defense.
In the treatment of these aliens the law has scrupulously been
observed.
They are held under Title 8, U. S. Code, Sections 1-5-6, as
amended, which makes bail for such aliens entirely permissive — not
mandatory — with the Attorney General. Three of the men — Eisler,
Williamson and Smith — have applied to the Federal Court, Southern
District of New York, for writs of habeas corpus, claiming they are
unlawfully detained and should be admitted to bail. The judges have
denied the writ. Now the decision is being appealed to the circuit
court.
The prisoners have all the benefits of appeal open to anyone.
And Eisler, from Ellis Island, is still exercising "free speech" in the
Daily Worker, while mass meetings to protest his " persecution " are
being called everywhere.
These gentry, however, will not starve themselves to death.
Communists do not make martyrs of themselves. They martyr others.
COMMITTEE FOR A DEMOCRATIC EASTERN POLICY
Headquarters for this Communist front is located at 111 West 42d
Street in New York City. The organization opposes the American policy
toward Greece and Turkey.
The executive director of the organization is Maude Russell. Evans
Carlson, until his death, was the group 's president. Members of the board
of directors include Frederick V. Field, Rev. Stephen H. Fritchman,
Jack R. McMichael, Arthur Upham Pope, Martin topper, Rose Terlin,
and Max Yergan. Consultants to the Committee for a Democratic Eastern
Policy include Philip Jaffe, Kate Mitchell, and Maxwell S. Stewart. The
sponsors include Zlatko Balotovic, Elmer Benson, Millan Brand, Louise
Bransten, Charlotte Hawkins Brown, John M. Coffee, Norman Corwin,
Hugh De Lacy, Martha Dodd, W. E. B. Du Bois, Dr. Henry Pratt Fair-
child, Donald Henderson, Carey Me Williams, Rockwell Kent, Edward
Chodorov, William Gropper, Albert E. Kahn, Muriel Draper, Leo Huber-
man, William Howard Melish, A. Clayton Powell, Jr., Saul Mills, Doxey
Wilkerson, Gene Weltfish, Donald Ogden Stewart, Dirk J. Struik,
Gregory Peck, William J. Schieffelin, Jacob S. Potofsky, and Paul
Robeson.
COMMITTEE FOR DEFENSE OF FERDINAND C. SMITH
This is a Communist front set up to oppose the deportation of an
alien Communist, Ferdinand C. Smith, Secretary of the National Mari-
time Union, C.I.O., and a member of the National Executive Board
of the C.I.O.
TIN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 209
The headquarters of the committee is listed as 512J South Palos
Verdes Street, San Pedro, and the telephone number is TErminal 2-0295.
The usual Communist line in such cases is used by the Committee
for Defense of Ferdinand C. Smith. A pamphlet in the files of the Senate
committee reads, in part, as follows :
This attack against Ferdinand Smith, N.M.U. Secretary, is
purely a case of persecution of a militant maritime labor leader by
a government body acting on the dictates of Wall Street, and in open
disregard of the rights guaranteed by the Constitution and the Bill
of Rights.
The National Committee of the Communist Party in the United
States has called for an all-out pressure program in unions, civic groups,
etc., to support the Communists who have been arrested, indicted or are
presently being held for deportation. The Communists and fellow-
travelers have been ordered to * ' call upon every civic and political figure
* * * and insist that they speak out * * * arouse the whole American
people * * * let delegations of the people visit the Attorney General and
the President in Washington * * *."
Communists and Communist fellow-travelers in California have
immediately jumped into action to carry out the Communist Party man-
date. William R. Bidner and the Los Angeles branch of the Communist
Civil Rights Congress have called for mass meetings and are frantically
drafting letters for the usual herd of Communists and Communist fellow-
travelers to sign. One such letter appeared in the People's Daily World
for March 3, 1948. It was signed by Philip M. Connelly, Charles Glad-
stone, Clifford Odets, Peter M. Kahn, Sr., Mrs. Charlotta Bass, William
Lawrence, William Elconin, Anne Revere, and Rose Hobart.
In addition to Ferdinand Smith, the following Communists have
been arrested by the Federal Government : Gerhart Eisler, Charles Doyle,
Irving Potash, John Williamson, Claudia Jones, and Nat Yanish.
Nat Yanish is the advertising manager for the People 's Daily World,
the organ of the Communist Party on the West Coast. Merriel R. Bacon,
a member of the Portland, Oregon police force, who had joined the Com-
munist Party for six months to investigate its activities for the Portland
Police Department, testified in the proceedings for the deportation of
Nat Yanish. He stated that United States Communists are opposed to
spontaneous revolution since "revolutions do not just happen ; they have
to be made. " Yanish is charged with being a deportable alien and belong-
ing to an organization advocating overthrow of the government by force
and violence. He is an asserted Communist.
As in most cases of this kind, Yanish is defended by one of the
notorious Communist fellow-traveling attorneys in California. In Yan-
ish's case it is Richard Gladstein. The following is from the Los Angeles
Examiner, March 3, 1948 :
Asked by Gladstein to describe the party 's theory of the nature
of human society, Bacon conceded that it involved the anarchy of
capitalism through evolution, but then added sharply :
' * We were taught that it is the duty of the party to encourage
that breakdown and organize the working people to bring about the
revolution. ' '
15— L-7088-D
210 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
In a series of sarcastic questions about the meaning of ' ' dialecti-
cal materialism," " historical materialism" and "economic deter-
minism, ' ' Gladstein attempted to demonstrate that the witness was
not sufficiently familiar with party theory to testify as an authoriy
on the party.
Bacon answered :
' ' I was not so interested in theory as in action. Like any police-
man, I wouldn 't be so interested in why a man burglarized a house
as in how and when he did it. Those theories are needed in order to
influence workers. I wasn 't interested in leading workers into revolt. ' '
Bacon, in describing the mechanics of Communistic activity,
said a member spends six months on probation, is not eligible to
attend conventions until two years have passed, and must be a
member of five years' standing "to enter the underground illegal."
* * They maintain a legal and an illegal party, ' ' answered Bacon.
' ' The illegal one is underground. ' '
COMMITTEE FOR THE FIRST AMENDMENT
This organization is a recently created Communist front in the
defense of Communists and Communist fellow-travelers. Its immediate
purpose is to create favorable public opinion for the Communists who
refused to testify before the House Committee on Un-American Activities
in Washington, D. C.
A full page advertisement in the Hollywood Reporter for October
24, 1947, states : "We are arranging for radio broadcasts and other steps
to protest the conduct of the Washington hearings. " It is signed by the
following: Larry Adler, Stephen Morehouse Avery, Geraldine Brooks,
Roma Burton, Lauren Bacall, Barbara Bentley, Leonardo Bercovici,
Leonard Bernstein, DeWitt Bodeen, Humphrey Bogart, Ann and Mor
Braus, Richard Brooks, Jerome Chodorov, Cheryl Crawford, Louis Cal-
hern, Frank Calleiider, Eddie Canot, McClure Capps, Warren Cowan,
Richard Conte, Norman Corwin, Tom Carlyle, Agnes DeMille, Delmer
Daves, Donald Davies, Spencer Davies, Donald Davis, Armand Deutsch,
Walter Doniger, I. A. L. Diamond, Muni Diamond, Kirk Douglas, Jay
Dratler, Philip Dunne, Howard Duff, Paul Draper, Phoebe and Henry
Ephron, Julius Epstein, Philip Epstein, Charles Einfeld, Sylvia Fine,
Henry Fonda, Melvin Frank, Irwin Gelsey, Benny Goodman, Ava
Gardner, Sheridan Gibney, Paulette Goddard, Michael Gordon, Jay
Goldberg, Jesse J. Goldburg, Moss Hart, Rita Hayworth, David Hop-
kins, Katharine Hepburn, Paul Henreid, Van Heflin, John Huston, John
Houseman,, Marsha Hunt, Joseph Hoffman, Uta Hagen, Robert L.
Joseph, George Kaufman, Norman Krasna, Herbert Kline, Michel Kraike,
Isobel Katleman, Arthur Kober, Evelyn Keyes, Gene Kelly, Danny
Kaye, J. Richard Kennedy, Harry Kurnitz, Fred Kohlmar, Canada Lee,
Anatole Litvak, Burt Lancaster, Herbert Clyde Lewis, Arthur Lubin,
Mary Loos, Myrna Loy, Burgess Meredith, Richard Maibaum, David
Miller, Frank L. Moss, Margo, Dorothy McGuire, Ivan Moffatt, Josef
Mischel, Dorothy Matthews, Lorie Niblo, N. Richard Nash, Doris Nolan,
George Oppenheimer, Ernest Pascal, Vincent Price, Norman Panama,
Marion Parsonnet, Frank Partos, Jean Porter, John Paxton, Bob Pres-
nell, Jr., Gregory Peck, Harold Rome, Gladys Robinson, Francis Rosen-
wald, Irving Rubine, Irving Reis, Stanley Rubin, Sylvia Richards, Henry
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 211
C. Rogers, Lyle Rooks, Norman and Betsy Rose, Robert Ryan, Irwin
Shal, Richard Sale, George Seaton, John Stone, Allan Scott, Barry Sulli-
van, Shepperd Strudwick, Mrs. Leo Spitz, Theodore Strauss, John and
Marti Shelton, Robert Shapiro, Joseph Than, Leo Townsend, Don Victor,
Bernard Vorhaus, Billy Wilder, Bill Watters, Jerry Wald, and Cornel
Wilde.
Ira Gershwin was subpenaed and testified before the committee's
Los Angeles hearing February 18, 1948. He promptly declared, in
response to the question, that he had never been a member of the Com-
munist Party. He was the first of a long string of witnesses who unhesitat-
ingly made a prompt response to this question.
Gershwin stated that he was a member of the Committee for the First
Amendment and testified that the membership consisted of between five
and seven hundred persons. He admitted that a meeting of the organiza-
tion was held at his home on October 25, 1947. He identified a number
of people from a prepared committee list as having been in attendance
at the meeting.
The list of people who attended the meeting in Ira Gershwin 's home
are as follows: Madeline Gesas, Evelyn Keyes, John C. Lee, Bernard
Feins, Hal Horne, Burt Lancaster, Vincente Minnelli, Arthur H. Singer,
Dr. N. P. Roe, Robert Ardrey, Mervyn Le Roy, Sidney Buchman, Jane
Strudwick, Marcia Panama, Kirk Douglas, Humphrey Bogart, John
Beal, Mortimer Offner, Sy Bartlett, Mrs. Van Heflin, William Wyler,
Margaret T. Wyler, Richard Brooks, Leon S. Becker, Chas. Einfeld,
John Edward Paxton, Olive Abbott, Richard Conte, Harry Kurnitz,
Marsha Hunt Presnell, John Houseman, Irving Yergin, Edward Smith,
Joseph Than, Henry Brum, Jane Wyatt, Sheridan Gibney, Lloyd R.
Perkins, Edward G. Robinson, Sterling Hayden, Charles Boyer, Melvin
G. Frank, Alexander Knox, Evelyn Rideout Rooks, A. Litvak, and Peter
Lorre.
COMMITTEE TO AID CHINESE TRADE UNIONS
See ATYip.nVa.Ti Friends of the Chinese People.
COMMITTEE TO DEFEND AMERICA BY KEEPING OUT OF THE WAR
This Communist front preceded the launching of the American
Peace Mobilization, and its purposes were the same. It followed the
Communist Party "line" which, at the time of the formation of the
Committee to Defend America by Keeping Out of the War, was based
upon the Stalin-Hitler pact.
Among those who sponsored, or were otherwise affiliated with, the
Committee to Defend America by Keeping Out of War, were the follow-
ing: Rabbi Michael Alper, Harry Elmer Barnes, Lewis Allen Berne,
Prof. Franz Boas, Philip M. Connelly, Joseph Curran, Jerome Davis,
Theodore Dreiser, Abram Flaxer, Rev. Stephen H. Fritchman, Rockwell
Kent, Robert Morss Lovett, Vito Marcantonio, Michael Quill, Prof.
Walter Rautenstrauch, Reid Robinson, George Seldes, Oswald Garrison
Villard, Morris Watson, Max Yergan, Rev. John B. Thompson, Pearl
M. Hart, Marian Briggs, and Rev. Claude C. Williams.
212 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
COMMUNIST DOMINATED C.I.O. UNIONS
The committee has found the following C.I.O. unions to be so thor-
oughly entranched with Communist leadership as to be dominated by
the Stalinites in America :
American Communications Association ;
Food, Tobacco, Agricultural and Allied Workers ;
Inland Boatmen 's Union of the Pacific ;
International Federation of Architects, Engineers, and Technicians
(now the United Office and Professional Workers) ;
International Longshoremen 's and Warehousemen 's Union ;
International Union of Fishermen, and Allied Workers of America ;
International Union of Fur and Leather Workers ;
International Union of Mine, Mill and Smelter Workers ;
Marine Cooks and Stewards Association of the Pacific Coast ;
National Maritime Union ;
State, County, and Municipal Workers of America (now the United
Public Workers) ;
Transport Workers Union of America ;
United Cannery, Agricultural, Packing, and Allied Workers of
America ;
United Electrical, Radio, and Machine Workers of America ;
United Farm Equipment and Metal Workers of America ;
United Federal Workers of America (now United Public Workers) ;
United Furniture Workers ;
United Office and Professional Workers of America, and
United Public Workers.
This does not purport to be a complete list. The reader is referred
to the index and to previous committee reports.
COMMUNIST PARTY
The Communist Party keeps its publicly avowed members down
to the smallest possible number. The national headquarters of the Com-
munist Party of the United States is located at 35 East 12th Street in
New York City.
The Daily Worker is the official national publication of the Com-
munist Party and the People's Daily World serves the West Coast.
The national chairman of the Communist Party is William Z. Foster,
possibly one of the most outspoken traitors the United States has ever
tolerated.
The general secretary is Eugene Dennis, alias Waldron. The admin-
istrative secretary is John Williamson. The office of treasurer is vacant
since the death of Charles Krumbein.
A National Secretariat is composed of William Z. Foster, Eugene
Dennis, Robert Thompson, John Williamson, Benjamin J. Davis, Jr.,
John Gates, Gil Green, Gus Hall, Irving Potash, Jack Stachel, Carl
Winter, and Henry Winston.
The National Committee is composed of William Z. Foster, Benja-
min J. Davis, Jr., Rose Gaulden, Mickey Lima, John Williamson, Nat
Ganley, Bella Dodd, James Jackson, Louis Weinstock, William McKie,
Nat Ross, Fred Blair, Jack Stachel, Gus Hall, Nat Cohen, Ferdinand
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 213
Smith, Abner Berry, Alexander Bittleman, Claudia Jones, Alexander
Trachtenberg, David Davis, Herb Signer, Irving Potash, Max Weiss,
Lem Harris, and Hal Simon.
The National Review Board is composed of JRay Hansborough, chair-
man, and Saul Wellman, secretary. The vice chairmanship is vacant due
to the death of Charles Krumbein.
The National Labor Commission is composed of John Williamson,
chairman; William Albertson, secretary; and Robert Minor, adminis-
trative secretary ; Al Blumberg, and Pat Toohey.
The National Women's Commission is headed by Elizabeth Gurley
Flynn. The assistant secretary is Claudia Jones.
Josh Lawrence is the chairman of the National Negro Commission
and Harry Winston is the secretary.
Steve Nelson is the chairman of the National Groups Commission.
Max Weiss heads the National Farm Commission with Lem Harris
as secretary.
The Organizing Commission is composed of Henry Winston and
Betty Gannett.
The Coordinating Committee in the national maritime field is Al
Lannon.
The Jewish Commission is composed of Moses Miller and Alexander
Bittleman.
John Gates is the chairman or director of the new Veterans' Com-
mission. The members of the committee are George Blake, Joseph Clark,
Louis Diskind, Irving Goff, Howard Johnson, Herbert Kurzer, Carl
Reinstein, Leon Strauss, Robert Thompson, Carl Vedro, George Watt,
Saul Wellman, Herbert Wheeldin, and Henry Winston.
Marion Shaw is the director of the Student 's Commission.
Arnold Johnson is the chairman of the Legislative Commission and
Robert Minor is the secretary.
Jack Stachel heads the Educational Agit-Prop and Publicity Com-
mission. Max Weiss is the secretary.
The California headquarters is now located at 942 Market Street
in San Francisco. William Schneiderman is the California State chair-
man ; Loretta Starvis, organizing secretary ; Anita Whitney, state treas-
urer; Mickey Lima, state field organizer; Celeste Strack, state educa-
tional director ; Leo Baroway, People's Daily World circulation director ;
George Kaye, youth commission chairman ; A. Olken, chairman, Jewish
Commission; Ida Rothstein, state press director; and George Kaye,
state youth director.
Cosecretaries of the Labor Commission are Archie Brown and Leon
Kaplan. The commission is composed of John Pittman, Louise Todd, Ray
Thompson, William Schneiderman, Pettis Perry, Loretta Starvis, Nemmy
Sparks, Clarence Tobey, George Lohr, and Mickey Lima.
The state political editor is Douglas Ward.
Herbert Nugent is the secretary of the water-front section.
Nemmy Sparks is the chairman of the Los Angeles County section.
The Los Angeles County section includes the following: Ben Dobbs,
labor secretary ; Elizabeth Ricardo, press director ; Pettis Perry, minor-
ities chairman; Dorothy Healy, organizing secretary; Sidney Burke,
214 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
editor People's Daily World; Emil Freed, chairman, Sixteenth Congres-
sional District ; Alvin Averbuck, section organizer ; Harry Daniels, legis-
lative director; Jim Forrest, harbor section organizer; Merel Brodsky,
veterans ' director ; Phil Bock, youth director ; and Mort Newman, Carver
Club section secretary.
La Rue McCormack has been a candidate for the California Senate
on the Communist ticket. Henry Steinberg, James C. McGowan, and
Elsie M. Monjar, have been candidates for the Los Angeles City Council,
running openly as Communists.
Joe Klein is the director of the West Adams Club of the Communist
Party and Ida Elliott is the social activity secretary of the 62d Assembly
District Communist Club.
Oleta Yates is the chairman of the San Francisco section. Herb
Nugent is the legislative director. Leon Kaplan is labor director. Alex
Freskin is the water-front organizer. Aubrey Grossman heads the edu-
cational commission.
Enos J. Baker is the chairman of the Communist Party in San Diego
County.
Lloyd Lehman is the chairman, and Wesley Bodkin the labor direc-
tor of the Communist Party in Alameda County. Buddy Green is the
organizer for the Ben Davis Club in Alameda County. Helen Bodkin is
the trade-union director of the Hariet Tubman Communist Party Club
in Alameda County.
The president of the Santa Monica Club of the Communist Party
is David Grant. Mildred Bowen is chairman of Contra Costa County.
John Stapp heads the Hollywood section. Libby Wilson is the press direc-
tor of the East Side Youth Club of the Communist Party in Los Angeles.
George Edwards is the organizer for the North Oakland section.
The New Century Publishers, Inc. is the largest of the Communist
publishing firms. It is located at 832 Broadway, New York City. It was
incorporated December 8, 1944 with a capital stock of $20,000. The incor-
porators were Joseph Felshin, 832 Broadway, New York City; Isidore
Greenbaum, 207 Fourth Avenue, New York City ; and Betty Greenbaum,
207 Fourth Avenue, New York City.
International Publishers, 381 Fourth Avenue, New York City, and
Workers ' Library Publishers, New York City, are two other important
publishing organizations of the Communist Party. Alexander Trachten-
berg is the president of International Publishers.
The Four Continent Book Corporation, 253 Fifth Avenue, and Uni-
versal Distributors, 38 Union Square, New York City are Communist
publishing houses.
At the Sixteenth General Assembly of the Brotherhood of Painters,
Decorators and Paperhangers of America, held at Columbus, Ohio, Sep-
tember 23, 1941, one hundred officers and delegates signed a petition
demanding the immediate release of Earl Browder, head of the Com-
munist Party of the United States, from the Atlanta Penitentiary where
he was serving a term. Among those who signed this Communist petition
was Herbert K. Sorrell, who was a delegate from Hollywood Local 644.
In the November, 1942 election, La Rue McCormick, a self -admitted
Communist, and an officer of the Communist Party and the Communist
Political Association, was a candidate for the office of State Senator for
Los Angeles County. She was running openly on the Communist Party
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 215
ticket. A committee was organized for the support of Mrs. McCormick 's
candidacy under the title "Democrats for McCormick. " Among those
who supported Mrs. McCormick were John Howard Lawson, Dalton
Trumbo, Rev. Clayton Russell, Charlotta Bass, Al S. Waxman, Herbert
K. Sorrell, Ellis E. Patterson, Paul Jarrico, Viola Brothers Shore, John
Bright, Lester Cole, Leo Gallagher, Richard Collins, Jay Gorney, Henry
Myers, and A. Maymudes.
Attorneys for the California State Communist Party are Gladstein,
Andersen, Resner, E discs, and Sawyer of 240 Montgomery Street in the
City of San Francisco.
Communist functionaries in Alameda County include Lloyd Leh-
man, Carol Barnes, Emma Stanley, Eugene Toopeekoff, Nori Lafferty,
Katrina Manley, and John Morgan. The Alameda County Communist
Party Codornices Club has the following functionaries: Shirley Cloke,
Marion Redner, Bruce Anderson, Hannah Drucker, June Naboisek, Mary
Bradsher, and Van Frederics.
The Berkeley section of the Communist Party include Marion Ham-
mond, Wilhelmina Loughrey, and Robert Ragland.
Frank Parsons is the organizer for the Central Bloor Branch of the
Communist Party.
The Herman Boettcher Branch of the Communist Party includes
Harold Goldenberg, Ruth McGovney (former wife of Kenneth May),
Muriel Simmonds, Eleanor Mitchell, and Gothard W. Sorensen.
The North Berkeley Branch of the Communist Party has Beatrice
Morgan and James E. Kalman as functionaries.
The South Berkeley Club of the Communist Party contains the fol-
lowing functionaries: Dan Kalgaard, Calvin Batiste, Fred Williams,
Leon Vannier, Herb Kalman, Charles Drasnin, and Jane Reneker.
The Bethune Branch of the Communist Party is headed by Nell
Sawyer, lone Schlaifer, John Henry, and Georgia Jones.
Jane Sears and Nora McEven are members of the Tom Paine Club.
The Merriman Clubs of the Communist Party are said to include a
number of professors from the University of California at Berkeley.
Helen Jackins is the organizer of Merriman Club No. 1 and Ethel Landau
is the organizer of Merriman Club No. 2. Mary Sherwood and Paul Peter-
son are connected with the Merriman Clubs.
Mary Ann Cassidy is the president, and John Havel is the member-
ship secretary of the J. B. S. Haldane Club of the Communist Party.
Alameda County has a number of other branches of the Communist
Party including the Abraham Lincoln Branch, John Reed Branch, Art
Young Branch, Thomas Jefferson Branch (said to be composed for the
greater part of government employees), and the Eugene Debs Branch.
Sidney Roger, radio commentator over Radio Station KGO in San
Francisco, is a paid functionary of the Communist Party. Many of his
broadcasts follow, not only the substance of the propaganda of the Com-
munist publication, the People's Daily World, but in many cases follow
the paper 's language. Roger twists and squirms with each change of the
Communist Party line and spreads the Kremlin 's propaganda to anyone
who tunes in his program.
The following are sponsors of the Sidney Roger Radio Fund (150
Golden Gate Avenue, San Francisco, California) : Dr. and Mrs. George
216 UN- AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
P. Adams, Dr. and Mrs. Thomas Addis, Victor Arnautoff, Mr. and Mrs.
Percy Baker, William A. P. White, Dr. Arthur G. Brodeur, Rabbi Elliott
Burstein, William E. Dodd, Jr., Mr. and Mrs. Benjamin Dreyfus, David
Friedenrich, Dr. Carleton Goodlett, Dr. Asher Gordon, Dr. Albert Guer-
ard, Dr. and Mrs. Leon Kolb, Archibald MacPhail, Dr. Jerzy Neyman,
Rt. Rev. Edward L. Parsons, Dr. Hubert Phillips, Anton Refregier, Dr.
and Mrs. Holland Roberts, Sidney Rudy, Dr. Maxwell Savelle, Sol Silver-
man, Dr. and Mrs. Joseph C. Solomon, Dr. and Mrs. Edward C. Tolman,
Frederick Thompson, Edward Weston, and Dr. and Mrs. Frank Wey-
mouth. (Committee transcript, Volume XXXIII, p. 293.)
Sidney Roger's record, in part, is as follows :
In 1932 the People's Daily World announced on March 18th that
Roger was scheduled to preside over a meeting of the Allied War Relief
Rally at Eagle's Hall in San Francisco under the auspices of the Com-
munist International Workers Order. In the issue of August 20, 1942 the
People 's Daily World announced that Roger was to be the chairman at a
symposium on "What Union Organization Can Do for the Licensed Pro-
fessional Nurse," at the Oakland City Club Hotel. (A subsequent issue
of the People's Daily World reported that Roger would be unable to
preside at this meeting.) The People's Daily World for October 31, 1942
announced that Sidney Roger was scheduled to lecture at the Communist
Party Tom Mooney Labor School in San Francisco. His subject was
announced as "Africa and the Global War."
In the issue of November 12, 1942, the People's Daily World ran an
advertisement stating that Roger would act as the chairman of a mass
meeting at which General Victor A. Yakhantoff would speak, under the
auspices of the Communist International Workers Order at 150 Golden
Gate Avenue, San Francisco.
In the People's Daily World, issue of March 4, 1943 Sidney Roger is
listed as a signatory to a statement demanding that President Roosevelt
intercede in the Harry Bridges proceedings.
Most of the following activities are reported in the Communist Press,
the People's Daily World. March 20, 1943, Roger spoke at a conference
called by the Citizens Committee for Democratic Freedom in North
Africa, at the Sir Francis Drake Hotel in San Francisco. He was a
speaker at the high school auditorium in Palo Alto for Russian War
Relief in March of 1943. His speech, of course, was emphatically pro-
Russian. In August of 1943 Roger spoke on "Racial and National Unity
in Wartime" at 150 Golden Gate Avenue in the City of San Francisco.
In the same month he was a sponsor of a reception to a Soviet delegation
in the Civic Auditorium in San Francisco. He chairmaned a meeting
sponsored by Russian War Relief at the Scottish Rite Auditorium in
Oakland when Nila Magidoff spoke.
In September of 1943 Roger was scheduled as a teacher at the Com-
munist Tom Mooney Labor School on the subject "Press Propaganda
and War."
In October, 1943, Roger spoke at a Conference of Solidarity With the
Spanish People at the Hotel Whitcomb in San Francisco. In the same
month he read a prepared statement by Louis Adamic at a Yugoslav
meeting held in the Scottish Rite Auditorium. On November 1st, he was
a speaker at a meeting of the Communist Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee
Committee held at the Hotel Whitcomb in San Francisco,
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 217
In January of 1944, he was an instructor in radio writing and pro-
duction at the Communist Tom Mooney Labor School, sponsored by the
American Federation of Radio Artists. According to the People's Daily
World of April 7, 1944, Roger and his wife were among the sponsors
of a benefit for the Communist Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee,
held at the home of Mrs. Sydney Joseph on April 7th.
The People's Daily World for October 4, 1944, carried an adver-
tisement announcing that Roger was scheduled to speak on "Where Do
We Stand Today" on October llth at the Jewish Community Center in
San Francisco under the auspices of the Jewish American Lodge of the
Communist International Workers Order.
The People's Daily World for February 21, 1945, carried an adver-
tisement announcing that Roger was to be the chairman at a celebration
of the 27th anniversary of the Red Army on Washington's birthday at
the Scottish Rite Auditorium. The affair was to be a benefit for the war
orphan's home in Smolensk, Soviet Russia, and was given under the
auspices of the Russian American Society, Inc.
On May 21, 1945 Roger was the speaker at a "Spotlight on Spain':
banquet for the benefit of Communist Spanish refugees at the Claremont
Hotel in Berkeley. The People's Daily World for June 8, 1945 carried
an advertisement that Roger would speak on "The Road From San
Francisco" on the eighth of June at the California Labor School in San
Francisco. He spoke at a "Wanted — a Free Spain" rally October 14.
1945, under the auspices of the East Bay Committee for Republican
Spain. In October of 1945 Roger started a regular broadcast, Monday
through Friday, at 6.15 p.m. over Radio Station KYA, under the spon-
sorship of the Communist controlled International Longshoremen and
Warehousemen 's Union, Local 6.
In January of 1946 Roger interviewed Attorney General Robert W.
Kenny in regard to the action of the House Un-American Activities
Committee in ordering the Communist Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Com-
mittee officials to testify before it and to submit its records of contribu-
tors. In that same month he spoke on a program at the Curran Theatre
under the auspices of the Communist Spanish Refugee Appeal and the
Communist California Labor School. On February 3, 1946 he partici-
pated in a forum on "Fascist Spain — the Nazi Valhalla," in Berkeley,
under the auspices of the Communist Spanish Refugee Appeal.
The People's Daily World for March 8, 1946 carried an advertise-
ment that Roger would speak at a "Franco Must Go" mass meeting to
be held at 150 Golden Gate Avenue, in the City of San Francisco on
March 15th, under the auspices of the Communist front, Trade Union
Committee for Free Spain. In April of 1946 Roger spoke at a meeting
on the atomic bomb, at which Dr. Harold C. Urey was the principal
speaker.
Roger was the "Fund Raising Speaker" at the Henry A. Wallace
meeting, April 22, 1946, in San Francisco, which was held under the
auspices of the Northern California Division of the National Citizens
Political Action Committee.
In April of 1946 Roger was a member of the city- wide campaign
committee for Paul F. Schnur, a candidate for Assembly in the 20th
District, He also participated in the Russian Relief — American Russian
218 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Institute forum series on the subject "What's on Tour Mind About
Russia f*'
In May of 1946 Roger spoke at a meeting of the Communist front,
Northern California Win the War Conference, in San Francisco. In
the same month he became the chairman of the Communist inspired and
controlled Northern California Chapter of the American Committee
for Yugoslav Relief.
William J. Bailey, Communist Party organizer of the San Francisco
waterfront, thanked Roger for his contribution to the maritime workers.
(People's Daily World, June 15, 1946.)
On July 19, 1946 Roger spoke at a mass meeting against "Franco
Spain, ' ' under the auspices of the Robert Merriam Post of the Communist
Veterans of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade at the Oakland Civic Audi-
torium Theatre. On July 17, the People's Daily World announced that
Roger was to speak at a meeting of the Mission Chapter of the American
Veterans Committee in Genova Hall in San Francisco. Throughout 1946
Sidney Roger gave much of his time to the Communist Win the Peace
Committee. The People's Daily World for October 5, 1946 carried an
advertisement which stated that Roger would be the chairman at a mass
meeting under the auspices of Branches 119, 476, and 599 of the Com-
munist International Workers Order in the C.I.O. Hall, in San Francisco.
At this meeting the president of the Jewish People's Fraternal Branches
of the Communist International Workers Order, Albert E. Kahn, was
the principal speaker.
The Labor Herald, of the C.I.O. for October 11, carried Roger's
photograph with Paul Robeson and Revels Cayton, prominent Negroes
in the Communist movement, who had spoken over Roger's radio pro-
gram. In October of 1946 Roger was the chairman at a mass meeting in
the Scottish Rite Auditorium which launched the National Conference
on China. On the twenty-ninth of October, 1946, Roger chairmaned a
meeting at the Jenny Lind Hall in Oakland which was addressed by
Albert Kahn on "The Danger of a Third World War," under the
auspices of Lodge 180 of the Communist International Workers Order.
The Dispatcher for November 29, 1946, carries a photograph of
Roger with Jim San Jule, Communist Party liner in the Bay area.
The People's Daily World for December 5, 1946, announced that
Roger was a sponsor of the celebration of the third anniversary of the
Indonesian Association, which was scheduled to be held under the
auspices of the Free Indonesian Committee at Booker T. Washington
Community Center in San Francisco.
. In February of 1947 Sidney Roger was able to get a larger audience
by moving from Radio Station KYA to Radio Station KGO in San
Francisco.
In April of 1947 Roger became a sponsor of the Communist Com-
mittee for a Democratic Far Eastern Policy. He also became a director
of the Northern California Chapter of the Communist front, Progres-
sive Citizens of America. He chairmaned a meeting on the twenty-third
of February, 1947, at the Scottish Rite Auditorium, under the auspices
of the Communist Spanish Refugee Appeal Committee. He was the
chairman of the fifth anniversary meeting of the Communist California
Labor School held in the Whitcomb Hotel in San Francisco on March 2,
1947. On March 21, 1947, he spoke at a mass meeting under the auspices
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 219
of the Progressive Citizens of America, Berkeley Branch, and the Inde-
pendent Students' Political Action Committee, at Garfield School, in
Berkeley.
The committee finds that Sidney Roger is an important Communist
functionary.
Averill Berman and Alvin Wilder are the two main Communist
radio commentators in Los Angeles. Wilder is sponsored by the Sealy
Mattress Co. of Los Angeles. Both Berman and Wilder follow the Com-
munist press without deviation.
Ruth McGovney, former wife of Kenneth May, testified at the com-
mittee's Oakland hearing. The committee believes the following testi-
mony of Miss McGovney significant :
Q. (By Mr. Combs) : And when did you first affiliate with the
Communist Party?
A. I drew closer to the Communist Party over a long period
of time. I finally registered as "Ruth McGovney, Communist
Party,'' some time in the spring of 1942.
Q. You never at any time made any effort to conceal affiliation
with the party.
A. I did not.
Q. You joined openly?
A. Yes.
Q. During all the time you were a member of the party you
made no effort to conceal that fact?
A. I didn 't go around shouting about it, but I didn 't attempt to
conceal it.
Q. When did you actually become a member?
A. As I say, I drew closer to the party, and finally when I felt
I was an open member of the party, I registered. I suppose the dates
could be ascertained. It was some time in the spring of '42.
Q. (By Senator Dilworth) : Did you register as a voter in this
county ?
A. Yes, I was living in Alameda County. Let me see, in 1942
I was living in Berkeley. I could recall the exact address if you
wanted me to think of it.
Q. And you registered as a voter in the Communist Party?
A. That's right.
Q. Did you ever join the secret organization known as the
Communist Party?
A. I was a member of the Communist Party, yes.
Q. (By Chairman Tenney) : And you paid dues to the party?
A. That is correct.
Q. And received a card?
A. Yes.
Q. Signed by Mr. Schneiderman ?
A. I don't remember.
Q. First you joined the party, making an application, having
a sponsor and receiving a card?
A. I joined the Communist Party, yes.
Q. Subsequent thereto you registered as a Communist?
A. In the spring of 1942.
220 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Carol Barnes testified at the Oakland hearing in 1947 that he was
the secretary of the Alameda County Communist Party. He stated that he
gave this information under protest and claimed that it was a violation
of his "constitutional rights." He contended that a question concern-
ing the length of time he had lived in Alameda County was also a
violation of his "constitutional rights" and, while he answered the
question, he did so under protest. His office is located at 1723 Webster
Street, Oakland, which he admitted was the headquarters of the Com-
munist Party for Alameda County. When Mr. Combs asked him what
his duties were as secretary of the Party, he answered that he "gave out
political opinions. " ' ' One of the things that I 've done, ' ' he stated, " is to
advise people to get out leaflets against the Tenney Committee for its
un-American activity. ' '
Eugene Toopeekoff was born in the Soviet Union and became a
naturalized citizen in 1934.
Other Communists active in Alameda County are Paul Schlipf,
secretary and treasurer of the Alameda County C.I.O. ; Hack Gleichman
(alias Hack Kelley) ; Louis Gonnick, Frances Tandy, Frank Slaby, and
Barney Young.
Among those who are affiliated with the Communist Southwest
Berkeley Club are Rose Marie Gray, Calvin Batiste, Ray Halpern, Fred
Williams, Marcelle Vannier, Ray Thompson, Jackie Thompson, Mar-
jorie Hitchcock, Timothy Coleman, Ferdie Walker, George Hitchcock,
Bob Neville, Frank Parsons, Laura Thomas, Herb Kalman, Theresa
Kalman, Willie Loughrey, I. Warner Galloway, Jane Reneker, Marie
Galloway, Ozzo Marrow, Whittier Hahn, Dan Kalgaard, Forrest
Ammons, Archie Faster, J. 0. Massey, Andrew Mays, Amos Newton,
Reuben May, Bob Grover, William Montier, Quin Montier, and Bertha
Grover.
Mrs. Aileen LaBelle appeared before the committee in Los Angeles
on February 17, 1948. Mrs. LaBelle is the business manager of the
Olympic Auditorium in Los Angeles. She testified that a young lady,
who said that she represented the Los Angeles Communist Party,
requested the rental of the Olympic Auditorium for a Communist Party
meeting featuring William Z. Foster. The request was made in the
latter part of May or June in 1947. Mrs. LaBelle told the young lady
that the auditorium was not available for the Foster meeting.
Subsequently, Mrs. LaBelle stated, she received many telephone
calls and communications protesting her refusal to rent the auditorium
to the Communist Party. She stated that she received a letter from
William Bidner of the Civil Rights Conference requesting an appoint-
ment to discuss the matter. She testified that following her telephone
call to William Bidner denying his request, Bidner and a Mr. Forrest of
the Communist Party and several others called on the Los Angeles
Athletic Club management for the purpose of pressuring the Athletic
Club (which owns the Olympic Auditorium) into renting the building.
She stated that Bidner called her on the telephone several times and
accused her and the management of denying people "civil rights,"
"free speech," etc. She stated that the management had refused to
permit Gerald L. K. Smith to use the auditorium in 1946, and when she
conveyed this information to Bidner he replied by saying that the
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 221
refusal to Smith was all right but refusal to rent to the Communist
Party was different.
Mrs. LaBelle offered a number of communications as exhibits which
were accepted by the committee. One of these is a letter from the Civil
Rights Congress, Division of Mobilization for Democracy, under date
of June 11, 1947. Another exhibit is a letter dated July 15, 1947, on the
letterhead of the American Jewish Congress and signed by Judge Ben
Rosenthal, president of the Southern California division of the organi-
zation. Another is a letter under date of July 11, 1947, signed by Gus
0. Brown, international vice president and business agent of the United
Furniture Workers of America, Local 576 — C.I.O. Another is from
Henry Sazer under date of August 14, 1947. Exhibit No. 5 is signed by
George Hass of the United Steel "Workers of America. Exhibit No. 6 is
signed by George T. Altman of the National Lawyers Guild. Exhibit
No. 7 is entitled " Student Reports" published " every Monday by the
Student Communist Club of the Communist Party of the U. S. A.,
Box 1943, Wilshire— LaBrea, P. 0., Los Angeles 36," California, " dated
August 18, 1947. Exhibit No. 8 is signed Hollywood Women's Council
and dated July 9, 1947. All of these communications, of course, vigor-
ously protested the action of the Olympic Auditorium management in
refusing to rent the Olympic Auditorium to the Communist Party for
the William Z. Foster rally.
Mrs. LaBelle 's testimony, in part, is as follows:
Q. (By Mr. Combs) : Who tried to talk you into changing
your opinion ?
A. Well, they finally (by "they" I mean Mr. Bidner and For-
rest and others) — finally forced a meeting through the Athletic
Club, and we had this meeting really as a courtesy to the owner
of the Athletic Club, in order to take him out of the "middle."
Attending that meeting were Mr. Philip Connelly, who was secre-
tary of the C.I.O. ; Mr. Forrest from the Communist Party and
Mr. Marvin, I believe, Communist Party ; Mr. Victor Shapiro, who
claims to be from the Hollywood Democratic Club, also a matter
of opinion ; Charlotte Bass from the California Eagle ; and Mr.
William Bidner from the Civil Rights Congress. I think that was
all.
Q. And of course you did not allow the use of the auditorium
for Mr. Foster ?
A. Definitely not.
Q. Did he speak in Los Angeles, to your knowledge ?
A. He spoke at the Embassy Auditorium, which is a smaller
place than ours.
Q. Yes.
A. However, we were pressured very considerably, not only at
that meeting, but after; Mr. Philip Connelly was adamant; he
even went so far as to say that he was in complete control of
120,000 workers; I understand that is exaggerated, but, quite a
few, but that is what he said, and that he was going to see to it,
personally, that every member of his organization boycotted the
Olympic until we rented it to the Communist Party; so we asked
him if theater owners were anti-Communists ; if he would prevent
222 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
his workers from going to picture shows. He said, " Absolutely ,
they would stay home seven nights a week/' so I told him to get
some good reading material at home to help them out.
Q. Did you ever notice any difference in your income at the
auditorium after the Communist protests ?
A. No. (Witness knocks on the witness table). But as I say,
we got a hundred letters a day and possibly a phone call every
two minutes, for almost a month, and then we were, oh, I wouldn't
want to use the word " picketed" exactly, but members of the
Communist Party distributed literature around every Monday
and Tuesday nights, both on boxing and wrestling nights, to try to
prevent the people from coming in, and on one of the nights one
of the people distributing literature was injured by one of our
customers who became very incensed, and Mr. Connelly told us if
anybody was injured distributing Communistic literature, that
he was going to have members of his union come down and protect
them, and so I don't know whether he considers all of his members
Communists or not.
******#
The Witness: Once I talked to Judge Rosenthal about that
letter, and I think he knew what he was writing, because I gave him
every opportunity to edit it.
And also one other thing about Mr. Shapiro, as long as he is
supposedly representing the Democratic Club, I met the gentleman
in Hollywood and was minding my own business, believe me, and he
came up and started calling me a lot of names, among which he
called me a Nazi.
Chairman Tenney : Q. Who called you that ?
A. This Victor Shapiro, but he prefaced it by a few swear words.
Mr. Victor Shapiro : Mr. Chairman
Chairman Tenney : Mr. Sergeant-at-Arms.
Mr. Shapiro : I have a right to answer.
The Witness : Now, when I walked in and saw Mr. Shapiro, I
mentioned that he was one of the men that came down with the
Communists, so apparently when he heard the ''Communists," I
don't know whether his conscience hurt him or not, he started
screaming ' ' Nazi, " so he told me he was going to sue me if I called
him a Communist. So apparently they all feel, deep down, that it is
a disgrace or they would not want to start a lawsuit.
Frank Spector was subpenaed and appeared before the committee
in Los Angeles on Wednesday, February 18, 1948. He stated that he was
born in Russia and that he is an alien. He has lived in California since
1920, off and on. He was in the East for some time and returned to
Southern California in 1942. Spector would not admit acquaintance with
V. A. K. Tashjian, alias Parker, former control commissioner of the
Communist Party for Southern California. Likewise he refused to answer
questions concerning his official position in the Communist Party. (It is
known that he is the present control commissioner for the party. This
position is a most powerful one within the Communist Party organiza-
tional structure as it deals with disciplinary measures for recalcitrant
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 223
party members.) Spector, however, defiantly admitted that he was a
member of the Communist Party.
Frank Spector was tried and convicted for creating a disturbance
in Imperial Valley in 1930. He was charged with violation of the Criminal
Syndicalism Law and served a year in San Quentin. He was an organizer
for the Communist International Labor Defense. He was active in Com-
munist work in Cleveland, New York, and in 1929 he became an organizer
for the Communist Party in Los Angeles. On September 14, 1939, he was
appointed organizer for the Communist Party in San Francisco County.
He was arrested on the eighth day of January, 1937, in connection with
Communist activities before the German consulate. In 1937 he was active
in the Workers Alliance of America. He was a delegate to the May, 1940,
Communist Party state convention in San Francisco. In 1944 he became
an official of the C.I.O. Electrical Workers Union, Local No. 1421, and
was elected as delegate to the state convention of the C.I.O. In 1945 he
was elected president of the United Electrical Radio and Marine Workers,
Local 1421. He was in charge of Communist activities in the Philippine
Islands in 1936. An order for his deportation was issued on the fifteenth
day of October, 1938. He was connected with Herbert K. Sorrell in the
recent Hollywood strikes.
Indicative of the methods used by Communists to wreck the Amer-
ican Federation of Labor or, for that matter, any legitimate group in the
field of labor-management relations, is the following statement by Spector
(Committee's transcript XXXIX, p. 563) :
The members, I am sure, are supporting financially as far as the
occasion arises individually, the very fine fight the Di Giorgio farm
workers are now making under the leadership of the American
Federation of Labor. It is a noble fight and the Communist Party is
in full sympathy with that fight and assists persons that assist this
strike.
It is apparent that Spector made the statement with the full intention
of amalgamating the Di Giorgio affair with the cause of Communism.
At the conclusion of Spector 's testimony the committee adopted a
resolution calling Specter's case to the attention of the Department of
Immigration and Naturalization in order to expedite the Spector depor-
tation order.
Dr. Leo Bigelman was subpenaed but the process servers were unable
to find him. He is a physician with offices in a building in Hollywood
known as the Cross Roads of the World.
The Western Worker for April 30, 1936, reports that Dr. Bigelman
attended the state convention of the American League Against War and
Fascism in San Francisco and that he was elected to its executive board.
In 1945, 1946, and 1947, Dr. Bigelman was a lecturer at the People's
Educational Center, according to the brochures of that institution. Dur-
ing the summer term of 1947, his name appears as a member of the board
of trustees.
In 1936 Dr. Leo Bigelman was registered as a Communist in Los
Angeles County. In this capacity he sponsored Emil Freed on the Com-
munist Party ticket for the office of Assemblyman for the Fifty-seventh
Assembly District in Los Angeles County. (August, 1936).
224 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
The Rena Vale affidavit (Committee's Report for 1943) lists Dr. Leo
Bigelman as a member of the professional section of the Communist
Party.
In the Communist publication, "Two Decades of Progress/' which
appeared in September of 1939, the committee finds the following :
' ' Greetings are extended from the Hanns Eisler Branch of the Communist
Party of Los Angeles County. ' ' The committee heard testimony during its
hearing in Oakland to the effect that no branch of the party is named after
an individual unless that person is important to the Communist Party.
The fact that a branch of the Communist Party in Los Angeles County
was named after Hanns Eisler indicates his extreme importance to the
Communist Party.
COMMUNIST PARTY BOOK STORES IN CALIFORNIA
As distributing centers for its publishing houses the Communist
Party maintains book stores throughout the United States. The principal
book stores of the Communist Party in California are as follows : Proges-
sive Book Shop, 722 West Sixth Street, Los Angeles ; International Book
Store, 1400 Market Street, San Francisco; Maritime Book Shop, 15
Embarcadero, San Francisco; 20th Century Book Shop, 2475 Bancroft
Way, Berkeley ; 20th Century Book Shop, 1721 Webster Street, Oakland ;
Progressive Book Shop, 1002 Seventh Street, Sacramento ; Victory Book
Store, 635 E Street, San Diego ; Maritime Book Shop, 266 West Sixth
Street, San Pedro ; Walt Whitman Book Shop, 277 East Fourth Street,
Long Beach ; Lincoln Book Shop, 1721 North Highland Avenue, Holly-
wood; Modern Book Shop, 405 West De La Guerra Street, Santa
Barbara.
In addition to book stores the Communist Party maintains * ' litera-
ture agents" in nearly every section of the State of California. Com-
munist newsboys in Los Angeles and San Francisco and other cities of
the State are compelled to handle Communist periodicals and news-
papers, such as the People's Daily World. The Newsboys Union is one of
the tightly controlled Communist groups.
COMMUNIST PARTY PUBLICATIONS
The committee has found the following to be Communist initiated
and controlled, or so strongly influenced as to be in the Stalin solar
system: Action, Action Bulletin (Civil Rights Congress), Action for
Today, Allied Labor News Service, Amerasia, American Quarterly on the
Soviet Union, Among Friends, A. Y. D. In Action (American Youth for
Democracy), Black and White, Book Union Bulletin, Boston Chronicle,
Bulletin of Congress of American Women, Bulletin on Education, Cali-
fornia Eagle, Champion, Champion of Youth, Chart, Chicago Star, China
Today, Civil Rights News, Clarity, Clipper (Published by Black and
White Press, Inc.), Communist, Congress, Crisis, Daily Record (Chi-
cago), Daily Worker (New York), Der Arleiter (German Communist
Weekly), Direction, District Champion.
East side Journal ( Al Waxman) , Economic Notes, Empros, Equality,
Equal Justice, Eteenpain (Finnish Federation), Facts for Farmers,
f
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 225
Facts for Women, Fight, Film News (Associated Film Audiences), Fra-
ternal Outlook (International Workers Order), Friday, German-Ameri-
can, Glos Ludowy, Health and Hygiene (Daily Worker Medical Advisory
Board), Hollywood Independent (Hollywood Independent Citizens
Committee of the Arts, Sciences and Professions), Hour, I cor, Independ-
ent (Independent Citizens Committee of Arts, Sciences and Professions),
Indonesian Review (American Committee for Free Indonesia), Indus-
trial Journal, In Fact, Information Bulletin (Published by the Embassy
of the Soviet Union, Washington, D. C.), Jewish Life (Morning Freiheit
Association, Inc.), Jewish People's Voice, Jewish Survey, Jewish Voice
(Published by the National Council of Jewish Communists), Labor
Defender (International Labor Defense), Labor Herald (Official organ
of the Communist Trade Union Education League), Labor Herald (Cali-
fornia CIO), Labors' News, Labor Unity, Letter, Liberator, L'Unita Del
Popolo, Mainstream, Michigan Herald.
Naileben, Narodni Glasnik, National Issues (National Committee of
the Communist Party), Negro Champion, Negro Digest, Negro Quarterly,
New Africa, New Currents, New Masses, New Order (International
Workers Order), New Pioneer, News of World Labor, News on Spain
(Veterans of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade), New Theatre, New Times,
New World, Novy Mir (" Workers of the World Unite "),Ny Tid, Obrana,
Our World, Pacific Weekly, Pan Pacific Monthly, People's Daily World,
People's Press, People's Songs, People's Voice, Photo-History, Picture
Digest, Picture Scoop, Political Affairs (Successor to The Communist),
Protestant, Protestant Digest, Radnik, Railroad Workers' Link, Reader's
Scope, Reporter (National Council of American-Soviet Friendship),
Report From Washington (Independent Citizens Committee of Arts,
Sciences and Professions), Report on World Affairs.
Salute, Saznanie (Bulgarian section of the Communist Party),
Science and Society, Scoop, Social Work Today, Soviet Culture (Ameri-
can Russian Institute), Soviet Russia, Soviet Russia Today, Soviet Sports
(National Council of American-Soviet Friendship), Spotlight (American
Youth for Democracy), State of Affairs, Student Advocate, Student Out-
look (American Youth for Democracy), Student Review, Sunday Worker,
T and T— Trend and Time (Louis Adamic), Tac (Theatre Arts Com-
mittee publication), Teener's Topics (American Youth for Democracy),
Teen Life (American Youth for Democracy), Theatre Work Shop, Toveri
(l l The Comrade. ' ' Organ of Communist Finns) , Truth About Soviet Rus-
sia, Trybuna Robotnicza (Official organ in Polish of the Communist
Party), Tyolaisnainen ("The Working Woman"), Tyomies ("The
Workman").
Uj Elore, United Farmer, U. 8. Week, Uus Ilm ("The New World. "
Estonian Communist Weekly), Vanguarda (Portuguese Communist
Party Organ), Vida Obrera ("Workers' Life"), Vienybe (Lithuanian
tri-weekly), Vilnis ((<The Surge" Lithuanian Labor Daily), Voice of
Freedom, Voice of Working Women, Volunteer for Liberty (Abraham
Lincoln Brigade), Weekly Review, Woman Power (Congress of Ameri-
can Women), Women Today, World News and Views, Work, Workers
Monthly, Working Woman, World for Peace and Democracy, Toung
Comrade, Toung Pioneer, Young Fraternalist (International Workers
Order), Youth (American Youth for Democracy).
16— L-7088-D
226 UN-AMEBTCAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
CONFERENCE ON CONSTITUTIONAL LIBERTIES IN AMERICA
This Communist-inspired conference was called in Washington,
D. C., June 7-9, 1940, and launched the National Federation for Consti-
tutional Liberties.
Elizabeth Gurley Flynn, a high-ranking member of the national
committee of the Communist Party, was one of the featured speakers at
this conference. Elmer Benson, Joseph Curran, James Dombrowski, John
A. Lapp, Carey Me Williams, and Channing H. Tobias, were affiliated with
the Conference on Constitutional Liberties in America.
It should be noted that this Communist front came into existence
during the Stalin-Hitler Pact. Necessarily, the Conference on Constitu-
tional Liberties in America followed the Communist line meticulously.
The provisional committee included Prof. Franz Boas, Elmer Ben-
son, Herbert Biberman, Carey Me Williams, Max Yergan, Howard Costi-
gan, George Marshall, Robert MacGregor, Tom Mooney, Jack McMichael,
Prof. Robert K. Speer, and Merle D. Vincent.
Among the sponsors of the Conference on Constitutional Liberties
in America, were the following : Alice Barrows, Prof. Harold C. Brown,
Prof. John B. Tanning, John M. Coffee, Mrs. Sarah Bard Field, Dashiell
Hammett, Pearl M. Hart, Abraham J. Isserman, Kent Keller, Carol King,
David Lasser, Ira Latimer, Prof. Alain Locke, Gerhart Eisler, George
Marston, Carl W. Scott, Dyson Carter, Olive Sutton, Michael Chicureli,
Robert Kelley, Louise Mitchell, Allan L. Fletcher, Ben Rogers, Moranda
Smith, Joseph Starobin, Ted Allen, Bob Friedman, John Pittman, Aaron
Kramer, William Z. Foster, Olive Mosby, Eugene Dennis, Morris Childs,
Pat Cush, Frederick V. Field, Hilda Weiss, Merle Mance, Otto Wangerin,
Murray Chase, Milton Pokorne, Charles Stein, Mary Southard, Ruby
Cooper, Martha Millet, Walter Lowensels, Elizabeth Gurley Flynn, Mike
Gold, Harold Hickerson, Joseph Leeds, Peter J. Cacchione, Elizabeth M.
Bacon, Jean R. Beck, Barnard Rubin, J. Kepner, Peter Stone, and Travis
K. Hedrick.
CONGRESS OF AMERICAN-SOVIET FRIENDSHIP
(See National Council of American-Soviet Friendship.)
CONGRESS OF AMERICAN WOMEN
The Communist Sunday Worker for March 8, 1942, announced that
"U. S. Women's Leaders Hail Soviet and British Allies on International
Women 's Day. ' ' With Great Britain and China thrown in for good meas-
ure, Ethel Epstein, labor secretary to Mayor LaGuardia of New York
City ; Catherine Earnshaw, National President of the Newspaper Guild
Auxiliary; Elizabeth Haws, fashion designer and newspaper woman;
and Betty Hawley, Vice President of the New York State Federation of
Labor, followed by dozens of other women, signed the following cable :
"We, the women of this nation, remembering our pioneer and
revolutionary heritage have but one message to you, our sisters across
the sea — Fight on, women of Russia, of China, of England, and all
freedom-loving peoples of the earth. We are with you to the utmost
of our energies and if need be with our lives in the essential task of
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA '227
crushing Fascism and the foes of human liberty throughout the
world. "
Among other signers, representing a generous cross section of red
fronts, are the following : Ruth Appleman, Ethel Beach, Anne Berenholz,
Helen Blanchard, Nellie Clapsaddle, Rachel Du Bois, Dorothy Funt,
Stella Garvin, Viola lima, Betty Kalish, Julia Katz, Mary Mattia, Ger-
trude Myers, Winifred Norman, Eizabeth Olds, Rose Schneiderman,
Ruth Seigel, Frances Williams, Mrs. Stephen S. Wise, Ruth Young, and
Verna Young.
In 1944 the National Council of American-Soviet Friendship created
a Committee of Women. The chairman of this committee was Mrs. Muriel
Draper and the vice chairman was Mrs. Elinor S. Gimbel. The commit-
tee held a conference at the Hotel Commodore in New York City on
November 18, 1944. The occasion was billed as a Conference on Women
of the U. S. A., and the U. S. S. R., in the postwar world. The call announc-
ing the conference stated, in effect, that since the women of the world
played such important parts in the war, they demanded to have an equally
important role in shaping postwar economy. The call appealed to other
women 's organizations to send delegates to the conference.
The signers of the call were Marjorie Post Davies (Mrs. Joseph
Davies), acting national honorary chairman, and Muriel Draper, head
of the Women 's Committee of the National Council of American-Soviet
Friendship. Mrs. Ruth W. Russ, Executive Secretary of the Women's
Committee, was secretary of the conference.
The conference held three sessions. The principal topics of discus-
sion were American-Soviet women's issues and postwar rights for women
in the United States. The speakers included Ruth Young, Rose Schnei-
derman, Charlotte Hawkins Brown, Mrs. LaFell Dickinson, Dr. Arnold
Gessell, Mrs. Sidonie M. Gruenberg, D. Leona Baumgartner, and Mrs.
Norman de R. Whitehouse.
Among the sponsors of the conference were the following : Henrietta
Buckmaster, Mrs. Bella Dodd, Mrs. Katherine Earnshaw, Mrs. Sidonie
M. Gruenberg, Josephine Timms, Ruth Young, Muriel Draper, Elinor S.
Gimbel, Dr. Charlotte Hawkins Brown, Mrs. Sherwood Anderson, Mrs.
Mary McLeod Bethune, Mrs. Jo Davidson, Mildred Fairchild, Mrs. Fred-
erick V. Field, Cornelia Goldsmith, Mrs. Sophie Gropper, Mrs. Sidney
Hillman, Mrs. Stanley Isaacs, Mrs. Julia Church Kolar, Dorothy Ken-
yon, Rosalie Manning, Rose Maurer, Clarina Michelson, Eleanor Neil-
son, Mrs. David De Sola Pool, Mrs. W. Jay Schieffelin, Margaret
Schlauch, Mrs. Frederick L. Schuman, Vida D. Scudder, Mrs. Gilbert
Seldes, Lisa Segio, Mary K. Simkhovitch, Irena Skariatina, Charlotte
Stern, Anna Louise Strong, Genevieve Taggard, Katherine Terrill, Mrs.
Albert Rhys Williams, Ella Winters, Mrs. Ellen S. Woodward, Ruth
Young, and Leane Zugsmith.
Prior to 1944 there had been a number of Communist fronts for
women and there were some established as out-and-out Communist sec-
tions. Some of these had been directly affiliated with the International
Congress of Women, with headquarters in Moscow. Others were affiliated
with the Women's International Congress Against War and Fascism.
Active in the leadership of these congresses were Ann Pauker, Rumanian
Bolshevik head; Mme. Kollantai of Russia; Clara Zetkin; Ella Reeve
228 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Bloor ; Dolores Ibarruri, better known as "La Pasionaria," chairman of
the Communist Party in Spain and now in exile in Yugoslavia; Anna
Mai of Bulgaria; Mme. Eugenie Cotton; Mme. Marie-Claude Vaillant-
Couturier (Communist) of France; and Elizabeth Gurley Flymi; and
others, all Communists.
Like many other Communist internationals these congresses were
inactive during World War II because of the complications involved in
travel, the holding of meetings, and the transmission of correspondence.
Among sponsors of the Committee of Women of the National Council
of American-Soviet Friendship were the following : Mrs. Mary McLeod
Bethune, Mrs. Jo Davidson, Mrs. Joseph E. Davies, Miss Dorothy Can-
field Fisher, Mrs. Arthur Garfield Hays, Mrs. Sidney Hillman, Miss Edith
Hurley, Mrs. Stanley M. Isaacs, Miss Dorothy Kenyon, Miss Rose Maurer,
Miss Lisa Sergio, Miss Anna Louise Strong, Miss Katherine Terrill, Miss
Genevieve Taggard, Mrs. Albert Rhys Williams, Dr. Mary Woolley, and
Miss Ruth Young.
The Communist Party began reorganizing its international organ-
izations and fronts as soon as the war ended. Again the National Council
of American-Soviet Friendship called its female fellow-travelers into
action. The International Congress of Women convened in Paris Novem-
ber 26 to December 1, 1945, at the call of international Communist forces.
Mme. Eugenie Cotton and Mme. Marie-Claude Vaillant-Couturier,
Communist members of the French House of Deputies, were co-chairmen
of the International Congress of Women. Dolores Ibarruri, Communist
of Spain was the keynote speaker. Mme. Nina Popova, leader of the Com-
munist women of Russia, took a leading part in the program. The dele-
gates from the United States were Elizabeth Gurley Flynn, Chairman of
the Women 's Commission of the Communist Party in the United States ;
Dr. Gene Weltfish ; Thelma Dale, a member of the New York State Com-
mittee of the Communist Party ; Susan B. Anthony II, active in many
Communist fronts; Eleanor Vaughan; Ann Bradford; Mrs. Frederic
March ; Mrs. Gifford Pinchot ; Henrietta Buckmaster ; Dr. Beryl Parker ;
Charlotte Hawkins Brown ; Vivian Carter Mason ; Jeanette Stern ; Muriel
Draper; and Elinor S. Gimbel. Eight hundred delegates were reported
in attendance, claiming to represent a hundred million women in 40 coun-
tries.
Early in 1946 a continuing committee of the International Congress
of Women was set up in the United States. Among the members of this
committee are Elinor S. Gimbel, Dr. Gene Weltfish, coauthor of Races of
Mankind which was barred by the War Department from courses in sol-
dier orientation; Susan B. Anthony II, Secretary; Dr. Beryl Parker,
Treasurer ; Mrs. Grace Allen Bangs, Clara Bodian, Dr. Charlotte Haw-
kins Brown, Henrietta Buckmaster, Thelma Dale, Frances Damon, Dr.
Bella V. Dodd, Muriel Draper, Katherine Earnshaw, India Edwards,
Thyra Edwards, Mary L. Fledderus, Elizabeth Gurley Flynn, Daisy
George, Esther Gilwarg, Dorothy Gottlieb, Sidonie M. Gruenberg, Mrs.
Shippen Lewis, Mrs. Frederic March, Vivian Carter Mason, Helen Phil-
lips, Mrs. Gifford Pinchot, Anna Center Schneiderman, Natalie Sherman,
Josephine Timms, Jeanette Stern Turner, Mary Van Kleeck, Eleanor T.
Vaughan, Mrs. Stephen S. Wise, and Ruth Young.
This continuations committee eventually became the Congress of
American Women. The international movement is called the International
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 229
Democratic Women's Federation. Muriel Draper, Vivian Carter Mason,
Mrs. Frederic March, and Elizabeth Gurley Flynn are the regular dele-
gates to the Communist International Democratic Women's Federation
appointed by the Congress of American Women. Dr. Gene Weltfish, Dr.
Beryl Parker, and Ann Bradford are the Congress of American Women's
alternate delegates to the International.
Ann Bradford is the Secretary of the C.I.O. Women's Auxiliary of
Los Angeles.
The Congress of American Women was incorporated in January of
1947. The incorporators were Gene Weltfish, Helen Phillips, Muriel
Draper, Josephine Timms, Susan B. Anthony II, and Elinor S. Gimbel.
Bella Dodd, formerly a teacher and Communist leader, notarized the
incorporation documents and Benjamin M. Zelman was the attorney for
the organization.
March 8th has been selected by the Congress of American Women as
International Day, and November 29th has been selected as Women's Day
for annual celebrations. March 8th was first celebrated as Communist
Women 's Day in Moscow.
Out of the International Congress came the so-called charter for
women's rights, officially known as the Women's Status Amendment.
Susan Anthony II of the United States' section is the chairman of the
special commission which has been set up to push this program, described
as one aimed at * ' establishing equal rights. ' ' Supporters of this amend-
ment will oppose "discrimination against women, regardless of color
and race. ' ' The Congress of American Women will demand that women
be no longer excluded from men's affairs. The National Press Club in
Washington, D. C., is cited as an example of such exclusion. The club, it
is pointed out, permits women to dine in the "small dining room" only.
The Congress of American Women promise that these conditions will be
corrected through its pressure. It is determined that the laws in 41 states
which require a woman to live in the same house with her husband, or
suffer the possibility of being sued for divorce or separation shall be
repealed. They allege that several states limit general contracts of mar-
riage to a "discriminatory degree," and the Congress of American
Women announce that these laws will be repealed, as well as all laws pro-
viding penalties for the birth of children out of wedlock. The Congress
of American Women refer to such laws as ' ' anti-women laws. ' '
The organization is presently appealing to "help the children sur-
vive Fascism, ' ' and a program has been mapped out to extend pressure
in this direction. The Brooklyn, N. Y., chapter, headed by Mrs. Mary J.
Melish (Mrs. William H. Melish) has started a drive to aid Tito's
(Yugoslav) youth.
The Congress of American Women support the Pepper Maternal and
Child Welfare Bill, the Murray- Wagner Free Medicine and Medical Bill,
and the Lanham Act which provides for child care centers and nurseries.
This Communist organization presently spearheads the pressure groups
for permanent child care centers in California.
The Congress of American Women has announced that it intends to
be active in the political action field in both national and local campaigns.
Its representatives marched on Washington, D. C., storming Congress
and the State Department in opposition to American aid to Greece and
230 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Turkey, and participated in mass demonstrations protesting the repeal
of the Office of Price Administration.
The chairman of the Committee of Action for Peace and Democracy
of the Congress of American Women is Muriel Draper. Anna Lee is secre-
tary of this committee. Chairman of the Commission of the Status of
Women of the organization is Susan B. Anthony II. Mary Murphy is
the secretary. The Child Care and Education Commission is headed by
Elinor S. Gimbel. Its secretary is Dorothy Gottlieb.
The national headquarters of the Congress of American Women was
located at 55 West Forty-second Street, New York City. The national
president is Gene Weltfish. The executive vice president is Muriel Draper.
Helen Phillips is the treasurer and Josephine Timms is the secretary.
Thyra Edwards is the recording secretary. The following are vice presi-
dents : Susan B. Anthony II, Ann Bradford, Charlotte Hawkins Brown,
Henrietta Buckmaster, Dorothy Connolly, Thelma Dale, Mildred Fair-
child, Elizabeth Gurley Flynn, Elinor S. Gimbel, Mrs. Frederic March,
Vivian Carter Mason, Beryl Parker, Mrs. Gifford Pinchot, Ann Center
Schneiderman, Mrs. Jeanette Turner, Eleanor Vaughan, and Ruth
Young.
Members of the editorial board of the Congress of American Women
are Eleanor Vaughan and Bert Sigrid.
The Congress of American Women issued a call to Mrs. Rosalind
Lindsmith, (Oakland), and to Miriam Brooks (Los Angeles) former
organizer for the Young Communist League, to organize chapters in their
local communities.
The Los Angeles headquarters of the Congress of American Women
is located at 3410J West Ninth Street. Pamphlets distributed in Los
Angeles (copies of which are in the Senate committee's files) give the
national headquarters as 144 Bleecker Street, New York City, and indi-
cate that Elinor S. Gimbel has been replaced by Helen Wortis as the
chairman of the Child Care and Education Commission. The pamphlet
reads, in part, as follows :
1 1 WE ARE THE CONGRESS OF AMERICAN WOMEN
"* * * a national organization of American women. We are
the American arm of the Women's International Democratic Feder-
ation, organized in Paris in 1945 by women from 44 countries, to
work for a lasting peace and a world free from Fascism. Today the
WIDF numbers 81,000,000 women the world over, and has con-
sultant status with the Economic and Social Commission of the
United Nations.
«* * * CAW has active chapters in New York, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Pittsburgh, Detroit, and other cities. Find out if the CAW
exists in your town, and if not, remember that Ten Women Any-
where Can Start Anything, including a new CAW branch.
"WHAT WE ARE AGAINST * * *
1 1 Fascism in any form at home or abroad.
' ' Discrimination because of race, color, sex, creed or beliefs.
High prices.
Universal military training.
Manufacturing atom bombs as a threat to world peace. ' '
"
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 231
The Senate Fact-Finding Committee on Un-American Activities in
California finds this organization one of the most potentially dangerous
of the many active Communist fronts.
The People's Daily World for October 26, 1946 reports a Los Ange-
les Conference of the Congress of American Women. The issue of March
12, 1947 of the People's Daily World reports the launching of an inten-
sive campaign by the Congress of American Women to obtain 100,000
votes for three candidates for the Los Angeles Board of Education. The
candidates, Dr. H. Claude Hudson, Walter Turner, and Raphael
Koenigsburg, were left-wing supported candidates, also backed by the
Citizens' Committee for Better Education. The People's Daily World
for the same issue also reported that the organization had voted to ' ' end
the current 'lockout' of Herb Sorrell's Conference of Studio Unions"
and called for a halt to the * ' aid to Greece ' ' program.
The issue of the People's Daily World for July 30, 1947, reports
that the Congress of American Women, went on record urging the aboli-
tion of the House Committee on Un-American Activities, and condemned
the sentencing to jail of members of the Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Com-
mittee for contempt of the congressional committee.
The People's Daily World for February 4, 1948, reports that the
Congress of American Women will act as joint sponsors with the
American-Russian Institute of a meeting in the First Unitarian Church
in Los Angeles 011 February 9th honoring Elizabeth A. Popova, and
Evdokia I. Uralova, of Russia.
The People's Daily World for March 12, 1947 reported that the
previous Saturday's meeting of the Congress of American Women had
been chaired by Mrs. Albert Dekker and that Xenia Zytomirska, Cultural
Attache of the Polish Embassy (Stalinist) for the West Coast was the
guest speaker. The meeting voted to stop the United States ' plan to send
supplies, arms and men to Greece. Dr. Sanford Goldner, California CIO
Research Director is also reported as having spoken.
The People's Daily World for April 24, 1947, reports that the Con-
gress of American Women is active, together with the Long Beach Civil
Rights Congress, the Progressive Citizens of America and the Long Beach
Communist Party, in an effort to compel Long Beach employers to employ
Negroes.
The People's Daily World for July 29, 1947, reports that the Con-
gress of American Women in Los Angeles hailed the leaders of the Com-
munist front for assistance to Communist refugees, the Joint Anti-
Fascist Refugee Committee, as * * men who have courageously worked for
liberty." (Dr. Edward Barsky, Chairman of the Joint Anti-Fascist
Refugee Committee, Howard Fast, and 14 members of the national board
of this organization had been sentenced to jail for refusing to^obey sub-
penas of the Congressional Committee on Un-American Activities calling
for records of the organization.)
Mrs. Frederic March, whose stage name is Florence Eldridge, was
subpenaed and testified before the committee at its Los Angeles hearing,
February 18, 1948. She denied that she was, or had ever been, a member
of the Communist Party. She stated that she had been acquainted with
Frank Tuttle and his wife for a number of years and that she had been
a sponsor of the Hollywood Anti-Nazi League. She testified that the
Hollywood Anti-Nazi League had started with Herbert Biberman,
232 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Dorothy Parker, Donald Ogden Stewart, and a group of people who met
with a man who had come from the German underground.
Mrs. March stated that she had been a character witness for Herman
Shumlin, theatrical producer in New York, when he was tried for
contempt of the House Committee on Un-American Activities together
with other members of the Communist Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Com-
mittee.
Mrs. March admitted that she was acquainted with Mrs. Elizabeth
Gurley Flynn, a member of the national committee of the Communist
Party, and that she was one of the delegates with Mrs. March who
attended the Congress in Paris. She stated that she had not been active
in the Congress of American Women for some time and that she had
resigned from the board of the organization a year previous. She testified
that she had given up her position in the International Democratic
Federation. She emphasized the point that she had not given up her
activities in these groups because she opposed them but because of
' ' certain pressure of work. ' '
Mrs. March appeared with Frederic March, her husband, before
Congressman Dies in August, 1940. On that occasion Frederic March
was confronted with a former secretary of the Communist Party in Los
Angeles. At one point of his interrogation Frederic March made the
following statement :
1 'Mr. Dies, may I ask one more question in an attempt to sum
up? Assuming Mr. Leech is attempting to tell the truth as he sees
it, might it be possible that my name had been bandied about ? ' '
Mrs. March was asked whether or not she found herself in a similar
position in 1948 — ' ' that it might be possible that ' ' her name ' ' had been
bandied about ' ' ; whether or not she should be held responsible for her
connection with known Communists, such as Elizabeth Gurley Flynn,
or had she been fooled because of the purported objectives used by the
Communists in "window-dressing" their causes and organizations.
She stated that she had not been fooled ' ' into going to the Congress in
Europe." She then read a telegram which she alleged was sent to the
Congress in Paris by Eleanor Roosevelt. The communication read as
follows :
"May I take this opportunity to send all those attending the
International Women's Conference my best wishes for courage and
spiritual guidance in your struggle to restore your countries. ' '
When Mrs. March was reminded that Mrs. Roosevelt had admitted
on occasion that the Communists had fooled her, the witness replied by
saying "I might be fooled into doing something I thought was right in
doing, but I couldn 't be fooled into something I thought was wrong. ' '
DAILY WORKER
This paper is the official organ of the Communist Party of the
United States.
On August 28, 1923, Gregory Zinoviev, chief of the Communist
International, sent a cablegram to Charles E. Ruthenberg, executive
secretary of the Workers Party (the American section of the Communist
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 233
International in 1923). The cablegram was published by the American
Communists, and read as follows :
"August 28, 1923
"Buthenberg
"799 Broadway
"New York
"Know of no more important task American workers than
establishment militant daily. This should be rallying point for con-
centration all forces present time. Only after foundation daily will
Comintern consider we have real mass party America.
"Zinoviev."
(Stalin had Gregory Zinoviev shot several years ago) .
The following individuals have contributed to the Daily Worker:
George Marion, Art Shields, Ben Field, W. E. B. DuBois, Harry Ray-
mond, Samuel Sillen, Frank Lesser, David Platt, Lester Rodney, Robert
F. Hall, Mike Lynn, Martin T. Brown, Bill Marko, E. Benson, William
Allan, Abner W. Berry, Michael Singer, Joseph Clark, Arnold Sroog,
Fred Vast, John Hudson Jones, Bernard Burton, Milton Howard, James
S. Allen, Rev. F. W. McConnoll, C. C. McCowan, Albert Maltz, Stanley
Matthews, Charles A. Marlies, Ann Meikeljohn, William McGee, Samuel
Ornitz, Bishop Edward L. Parsons, Prof. Walter Rautenstrauch, Edward
Rosen, Charles Rosenthal, Paul Robeson, Olga K. Robinson, Rev. Lloyd
I. Worley, Art Young, Max Yergan, Lena Zugsmith, Rev. Hayden B.
Sears, Herman Shumlin, Lorna D. Smith, Frederick Thompson, Rev.
D. R. Throckmorton, Dr. Harry F. Ward, Clara Weatherwax, A. L.
Wirin, Rev. Robert Whitaker, and Rev. Mary T. Whitney.
EMERGENCY CIVIL LIBERTIES CONFERENCE
(See Emergency Conference to Halt the Blackout of Civil Liberties
in California.)
EMERGENCY COMMITTEE ON KFI
(See Committee's 1947 Report, pages 180 to 186, inclusive.)
EMERGENCY CONFERENCE TO HALT THE BLACKOUT OF
CIVIL LIBERTIES IN CALIFORNIA
This Communist-inspired conference was held Saturday afternoon
on April 5, 1941, at the South Hall of the Embassy Auditorium, Ninth
and Grand in the City of Los Angeles. The purpose of the call was to
generate pressure against Assembly Bill 271, a measure which ultimately
became the law and is known as the Subversive Registration Act of 1941.
Carey Me Williams was chairman of the conference. The following
signed the call for the conference : John Barilone, Louise Bennett, James
Daugherty, Dr. George Day, Harry Dickey, Howard Goddard, Howard
Hardy, Jacob Lehman, Frank Lopez, Prof. Broadus Mitchell, J. W.
McNair, La Rue McCormick, Charles Pfeiffer, Fred Rausch, Robert
Robinson, Dr. E. P. Ryland, Dr. Clinton Taft, Clore Warne, Sol Wiesal-
man, Ramon Welch, and Hugh Wilkins.
234 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
An Emergency Civil Liberties Conference was established at room
511, C. C. Chapman Building, 756 South Broadway, Los Angeles.
EXILED WRITERS COMMITTEE
This front was established by the Communist League of American
Writers to bolster the Communist front, American Committee to Save
Refugees. The Exiled Writers Committee worked with other Communist
fronts in the Spanish Communist refugee agitation. Earl Browder, then
the General Secretary of the Communist Party in the United States,
openly urged support of these Communist fronts in his report to his
national committee on November 16, 1940. He said :
"They (the American worker) must be rallied to the most
immediate concrete aid to the rescue of the Spanish Republican
Refugee plan, and their transportation and resettlement in Latin
America, supporting the campaign already launched by the United
Spanish Aid Committee."
Lillian Hellman and Ernest Hemingway headed a committee of
sponsors for a dinner-forum for Communist refugees at the Hotel Biit-
more in New York City, in October, 1941. Governor Herbert H. Lehman
revoked his sponsorship of the dinner-forum when he learned that many
of the sponsors had been connected with Communist activities.
Lillian Hellman was the chairman of the dinner-forum and Diana
Forbes-Robertson, Eric Knight, Emil Lengyel, Edgar Snow, Johannes
Steel, Pierre van Paassen, and Max Werner were announced as guest
speakers. The dinner-forum was held under the joint auspices of the
American Committee to Save Refugees, Exiled Writers Committee of the
League of American Writers and the United Spanish Aid Committee.
Among the sponsors of the dinner-forum were the following : Dr.
Edward K. Barsky, Louis Bromfield, Stuart Chase, Kyle Crichton (alias
Robert Forsythe), Martha Dodd, Dashiell Hammett, Ben Hecht, Rock-
well Kent, Mr. and Mrs. Corliss Lament, Ruth McKenney, Clifford Odets,
Professor Walter Rautenstrauch, George Seldes, Maxwell S. Stewart, and
Orson Welles.
FEDERATION OF ARCHITECTS, ENGINEERS, CHEMISTS
AND TECHNICIANS
The Communist character and activities of this organization has
been covered rather thoroughly in the former Reports of Legislative
Committees investigating un-American activities in California. (See,
particularly, the committee's 1947 report.) The Federation of Architects,
Engineers, Chemists and Technicians was absorbed by the Communist
United Office and Professional Workers.
Rose Segure, who has been referred to in previous reports, testified
before the committee in Oakland, 1947. She stated, at the time of testify-
ing, that she was working with the Organizing Committee of the Inde-
pendent Progressive Party of California, the new vehicle for the Com-
munist Party in this State. She stated that she knew Alexander Noral,
the registered Communist functionary who was formerly in charge of
the Communist Workers' Alliance of America. She admitted that she
had been a close associate of Communist John E. Jeffrey, former State
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 235
head of the Communist State, County, and Municipal Workers of Amer-
ica. Miss Segure stated that she was international representative for the
State, County, and Municipal Workers of America (now the United
Public Workers). She was also acquainted with Communist Bronislaus
Joseph Zukas. (See committee's previous reports.) She also admitted
that she was acquainted with Communist Mrs. La Rue McCormick. She
has been a consistent subscriber to the People 's Daily World.
Eose Segure stated that Communist William Plunkert had formerly
been a Federal Transit Administrator for the United States Govern-
ment as an assistant to Harry Hopkins. She testified that after the
Federal Transit Service was dissolved and William Plunker became the
director of the State Survey for Social Workers in the State of Cali-
fornia, that she became his assistant. Later, she stated, William Plunkert
was connected with the State Relief Administration under the Olson
regime. She worked for the State Relief Administration but not directly
under William Plunkert.
When Carey McWilliams became the Chief of the Division of Immi-
gration and Housing, Rose Segure stated that she was associated with
McWilliams as immigration inspector. She was concerned with the ' ' pro-
tection of the interests of foreign born citizens and aliens within " Cali-
fornia. On occasion, when she was connected with the State Relief
Administration, she held conferences with representatives of the Com-
munist Workers ' Alliance of America. During the war she was a member
of the Regional War Labor Board and sat on panels as a labor repre-
sentative.
When Miss Segure left the State, County, and Municipal Workers
she became an international representative for the Federation of Archi-
tects, Engineers, Chemists and Technicians.
She stated that she had known David Jenkins of the Communist
California Labor School for about five ye'ars. She stated that she was
community services director for the Communist school for a short time.
She testified that she conducted a war course in Oakland for public health
officials, Community Chest officials, and school people. Her classes aver-
aged around 30 people.
Miss Segure admitted that she knew Dorothy Ray (now Dorothy
Healy, organizing secretary for the Communist Party of Los Angeles
County) and that she had met her when she was organizing for the
Communist United Cannery, Packing, and Allied Workers of America.
The record indicates that Rose Segure is one of the most active and
faithful agents of the Kremlin in California.
R. E. Combs, counsel for the committee, summarized the evidence
concerning the Federation of Architects, Engineers, Chemists and Tech-
nicians, as follows (committee's transcript, Volume XXXIII, pages 370
to 373) :
''Mr. Combs: The F.A.E.C.T. was gone into for the purpose
of showing by documented material, the citations of which have all
been read into the record, that a man by the name of Marcel Scherer
went to the Soviet Union and he there spent two years studying at
the school known as the Lenin school for training espionage agents
for the Communist Party throughout the world ; that his wife, Lena
Davis, was secretary of the Communist Party of New Jersey. Imme-
diately after Mr. Scherer returned to the United States, he started
236 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
what become known as the F.A.E.C.T., which was a union whose
membership consisted of scientists and technicians, including of
course, nuclear physicists. In 1939 a chapter of that union was
established in Berkeley. It was established by Mr. Paul Pinsky, as
the record has already shown. Now, until 1942 and 1943, that
chapter assumed no particular significance, but with the develop-
ment of atomic research out comes Mr. Marcel Scherer to the Pacific
Coast and here he stays for 18 months, and when he leaves, Miss Rose
Segure becomes international representative for that union and
organized, as she has testified, people who were working at the
Radiation Laboratory at Berkeley.
"Now, the committee already has all of the publications of that
chapter, Chapter 25, over a period of years, and from their own
records their cleavage to the Communist Party line is established
without any question of a doubt. Their handbills, their booklets,
their pamphlets, their weekly bulletins, were all placed in the record,
together with the minutes of their own executive meeting in which
they say 'Look out for the F.B.I. We have to put our propaganda
in envelopes to make them look like checks. ' Now, those minutes —
I don't remember what the rest of them provided, but they were
introduced as exhibits before this committee, and were introduced
a year ago.
"Now, to get back to the California Labor School for a minute.
The director of that school, Jenkins, is a member of the Marine
Cooks and Stewards Union. He's also a member of the Communist
Party by his own admission. He first denied it when we showed him
a certified copy of his registration in New York and his record of
serving a sentence for Communist agitation. He admitted he served
the sentence and then admitted he was a member of the Communist
Party.
"Hazel Grossman, wife of Aubrey Grossman, who is the edu-
cational director for the Communist Party in San Francisco, has
long taught in that school. We have introduced into the record an
example of the kind of literature distributed there and who attended
those courses. From witnesses we have learned that the dispatcher
at the Marine Cooks and Stewards Union, who is a member of the
Communist Party, has the sole discretion of assigning any member
of that union to any boat bound for any port in the world. He has
that sole discretion. * * *
"Now, to get to the Chevalier situation. The statement made
by a former agent of the Federal Bureau of Investigation in Wash-
ington, according to the newspapers, was in effect, that he had been
contacted by a vice consul of the Soviet Union from San Francisco,
asked to contact J. Robert Oppenheimer, who as we all know, prob-
ably had more over-all knowledge of the atomic research bomb than
any other scientist in the world.
"Now, this committee had an executive session yesterday in
which it was determined that if Chevalier were asked specifically
and categorically exactly what he said to Dr. Oppenheimer, that it
might be he would be given immunity from prosecution for any
offense he may have been guilty of. In addition to that there was
some feeling that this committee was not entitled, as a matter of
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 237
jurisdiction, to go into that particular phase of the thing, but the
committee did feel that it was the duty of this committee to give to
the people of California the record of affiliations of Haakon Cheva-
lier, and that is what we did attempt to do this morning, and Mr.
Chevalier admitted his affiliations. Now, there are many people on
the faculty of the University of California, and out of all those
people one man was selected to make that contact. What he said we
don't know. We have reason to believe that he may make a press
release after this hearing, and reveal what he did say, which of
course, is his privilege. His contact with Eltenton, his contact with
the American-Russian Institute, his contact with and membership in
all of those Russian organizations since, I think it was 1934, some-
where around there, make a continuous pattern over a period of
years. His participation in the 29th Anniversary of the Russian
revolution ; his visiting in the home of the Soviet Vice Consul, are
things the committee felt should be publicized so the people know
the situation/'
FILM AND PHOTO LEAGUE
Willi Muenzenberg, in the Daily Worker for July 23, 1925, under
the caption ' ' Capture the Film ! ' ' wrote, in part, as follows :
"We must develop the tremendous cultural possibilities of the
motion picture in a revolutionary sense * * * One of the most
pressing tasks confronting Communist parties in the field of agita-
tion and propaganda is the conquest of this supremely important
propaganda weapon until now the monopoly of the ruling class. We
must wrest it from them and turn it against them. ' '
The Cinema Bureau of the International Union of the Revolutionary
Theater was organized in Moscow and laid down a detailed program for
affiliated communist bodies throughout the world. Two important direc-
tives were emphasized: Section 5(c) was an order "organizing mass
protest demonstrations and rallying audiences in protest against reaction-
ary films, and sub-section (d) of the same section ordered the "populariz-
ing of all revolutionary films. ' ' Among other orders of the Moscow Cinema
Bureau was the overall command to "unite the creative and technical
workers of the film industry, professionals and amateurs, with the aim
of forming film organizations in different countries on an international
scale." Section 3 ordered the comrades "to gather all experiences for the
purpose of creating revolutionary professional and amateur films in
various countries." Section 7 is a directive "to establish a repertory of
revolutionary films by * * * (c) producing our own films, starting with
documentary, etc., films."
The New Theater for May, 1934, stated : ' ' The existing police regu-
lations and decrees must be studied and remembered. The film section
can organize under the innocuous name of some club. It is certainly
advisable to find a neutral name for your organization. ' '
Workers' Theater, predecessor of the New Theater, in its August,
1933, issue made the following announcement : "We call upon you to join
with us in organizing movies and camera clubs, film forums, better film
238 UN- AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
groups in cities and towns all over the United States, for the purpose of
exposing and combating the capitalist film industry. ' '
The Film and Photo League, a Communist-front in every respect,
was the result. Ralph Steiner, photographer for the New Masses, wrote in
the September, 1934, issue of New Theater: ''We must start by defining
the revolutionary film. It is one which clearly and forcefully reflects and
directs the class struggle * * *. The first requires of the film maker a
clear political knowledge (note — a basic comprehension of politics,
economics, history and sociology from a Marxian point of view) * * *.
For a clear political understanding it is obvious that the producer must
have a basic foundation in the principles of the class struggle * * *."
The headquarters of the Film and Photo League, together with the
Workers Theater of San Francisco, were located in the Ruthenberg
House. (Charles E. Ruthenberg was the first general secretary of the
Communist Party.)
The Congressional study of the Film and Photo League points out
the dishonest methods used by the Film and Photo League. Leo T. Hur-
witz, reporting on New York Film and Photo League activity in New
Theater for May, 1934, writes as follows :
"By virtue of splicing the shot of the warships just after Roose-
velt signs the paper, and following the threatening ships of war,
with the rest of the first shot (Roosevelt looks up and smiles), a new
meaning not contained in either shot * * * is achieved — the mean-
ing of the huge war preparation program of the demagogic Roosevelt
government. ' '
The Los Angeles Film and Photo League was particularly urged "to
wedge its way more sharply into the film industry." (New Theater,
November, 1934.)
Among those who have been connected in one way or an other with
the various branches of the Film and Photo League are the following :
Margaret Bourke-White, Ralph Steiner, John Howard Lawson, Sidney
Howard, John Wexley, Ashley Jettis, Bernice Abbott, Reginald Marsh,
William Fitelson, Hall Johnson, Erskine Caldwell, Mordecai Gorelick,
Lee Strassberg, Virgil Geddes, George Gershwin, Elmer Rice, Burgess
Meredith, and James Cagney.
Film and Photo League merged with Nykino to form the New Film
Alliance according to New Theater for September, 1935. Merritt Craw-
ford was the executive secretary.
FILM AUDIENCES FOR DEMOCRACY
The Communist fronts, Film Audiences and Films for Democracy,
merged in 1939 to form a new front, Film Audiences for Democracy.
(Film Survey, May, 1939.)
The new front, thus created, carried on the activities of Film Audi-
ences and Films for Democracy. (See these titles.)
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 239
FILMS FOR DEMOCRACY
The publication, Films for Democracy, for April 1939, outlined the
aims of the Communist front by the same name :
" Films for Democracy was launched four months ago, on
November 18, 1938 * * *. Progressive Americans are glad to assist
us in reaching friends, by arranging parlor meetings at which the
aims and purposes of the organization are presented by one of our
speakers * * *. Chapters of Films for Democracy have organized
in recent weeks in the following communities: on the campus of
Princeton University, Rutgers University ; Flatbush, Eastern Park-
way, New Rochelle and Washington * * *. The Washington branch
headed by Mr. Donald Montgomery of the Consumers Council of the
Department of Agriculture, has set itself the task of enrolling one
thousand members within the next few months * * *. Trained field
workers are being sent from this office into communities where a
nucleus of members already exists * * *. Motion Pictures Apprecia-
tion Circles can be formed * * *. We now have members in 115
cities in 34 states of the Union. ' '
The Advisory Board of Films for Democracy included the following :
William E. Dodd, Franz Boas, Rexford G. Tugwell, Mary E. Woolley,
Frederic March, Dudley Nichols, Thomas Mann, Marc Connolly, Heywood
Broun, Theodore Dreiser, Lillian Hellman, Louis Adamic, William R.
Benet, Dashiell Hammett, Rex Ingram, and Fritz Lang.
FIRST STATE-WIDE EMERGENCY LEGISLATIVE CONFERENCE
The Los Angeles Labor Herald for November 23, 1945, announced
that Attorney General Robert W. Kenny and Bartley Crum had called
for a state-wide legislative conference to be held at the Memorial Audi-
torium in Sacramento, January 5 and 6, 1946. The Los Angeles sponsors
of the conference included Eleanor Abowitz, Carey Me Williams, Dr.
Franklin Fearing, Isaac Pacht, Reuben Borough, Harry Braverman,
John Anson Ford, George Campbell, John Cromwell, Dr. E.G. Farnham,
George Moore, Norman Houston, Rollin McNitt, Seniel Ostrow, Frank
Pellett, Mr. and Mrs. Julian Sieroty, Robert L. Smith, Mrs. Ralph Van-
dervort, Col. Evans Carlson, and John Howard Lawson.
FREEDOM FROM FEAR COMMITTEE
This is one of the Communist Party's latest fronts.
The Freedom from Fear Committee apparently came into being in
New York and in Hollywood simultaneously.
A testimonial dinner was given at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel,
Beverly Hills, on March 5, 1948, for the " Holly wood Ten "— John How-
ard Lawson, Dalton Trumbo, Albert Maltz, Alvah Bessie, Samuel
Ornitz, Herbert Joseph Biberman, Edward Dmytryk, Adrian Scott,
Ring Lardner, Jr., and Lester Cole; — the 10 Hollywood Communists
who refused to testify before the House Committee on Un-American
Activities in Washington, D. C.
240 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
The following communication was addressed to John Huston,
Chairman of the Testimonial Dinner for the "Hollywood Ten":
DEAR MR. HUSTON:
"At a meeting called by Oscar Hammerstein, II, James Thur-
ber, Arthur Garfield Hays, Leon Kroll, Norman Rockwell, Cheryl
Crawford, Christopher La Forge, Moss Hart and Walter Huston,
it was unanimously voted by the 200 actors, dramatists and others
associated with the arts that the enclosed resolutions be sent to the
dinner on March 5th for the Hollywood Ten.
"Belt Resolved, That this meeting considers that all the issues
involved in the present fight for freedom from censorship, freedom
from blacklist, freedom from dictation — plain human freedom of
expression in every branch of creative work — are bound up in the
case of the Ten Hollywood writers, who are charged with con-
tempt of Congress, and who will stand trial on that charge within
the next few weeks;
"That the cause of these ten is the cause, not only of men
and women in the creative professions, stage, radio, motion pictures,
newspapers and literature, but of all citizens of America wishing
to defend their constitutional rights;
"That these ten are the shock troops, representing all of us
in the struggle against censorship ; and that one of our first purposes
must be to give support to these Ten who stand in urgent need of it
— their own personal savings having been exhausted in this public
fight so far ; and that funds be raised for the Freedom From Fear
Committee which has been formed and is now at work for the
specific end of meeting costs of the trials of these Ten in Wash-
ington.
"In no way can we strengthen free speech more quickly and
more directly than by reinforcing those who now stand in the front
line of the fight.
"Among those present at the meeting which passed this reso-
lution were:
"Oscar Hammerstein II, James Thurber, Arthur Garfield
Hays, Leon Kroll, Norman Rockwell, Cheryl Crawford, Christopher
La Farge, Moss Hart, Walter Huston, John Hersey, Richard Lau-
terbach, Audrey Wood, Canada Lee, Faye Emerson Roosevelt, Kim
Hunter, Irwin Shaw, Herman Shumlin, Agnes DeMille, Gene Star
Untermeyer, Louis Utermeyer, John Garfield, Mark Van Doren,
Gerald Savory, Lyn Murray, Oscar Serlin, Alan Corelli, William
Rose Benet, Al Hirshfield, Sidney Fleisher, Prof. Douglas Moore,
Morton Gould, Howard Taubman, John Martin, Edna Ferber, John
Lardner, Henry Morgan, David Brooks, Pert Kelton, Theodore H.
White, William Zorach, Arline MacMahon, Kermit Bloomgarden,
and John O'Hara."
The communication was signed by Christopher La Farge, as the
Chairman pro tern; and Edward Choates, secretary, pro tern, Stop
Censorship Meetings.
The following Western Union telegram was dispatched to John
Huston, chairman of the testimonial dinner for the ' ' Hollywood Ten. ' '
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 241
The undersigned greet your meeting as members of the Free-
dom from Fear Committee of New York, organized for the sole
purpose of raising funds for the legal case of the Hollywood Ten.
Best wishes for a very successful evening.
The telegram was signed by Marc Connelly, Cheryl Crawford, Moss
Hart, Oscar Hammerstein II, Elia Kazan, George S. Kaufman, David
Kay, Bill Mauldin, William L. Shirer, Deems Taylor, Mark Van Doren,
and Richard Watts, Jr.
Dr. Harlow Shapley, director of the Harvard Observatory, stated :
"The fight for the Hollywood Ten must stop the Thomas
Committee and quash all the little un-American activities com-
mittees which it has spawned in various states, industries and even
universities. ' '
It is estimated that the testimonial dinner was attended by around
three hundred Hollywood "liberals." Contributions for the defense of
the "Hollywood Ten" totaled $15,110. Checks ranged from $10 to
$1,000 and the total was turned over to Robert W. Kenny. Film pro-
ducer-director John Huston was the banquet chairman. Lena Home
sang and Larry Parks introduced producer Adrian Scott, one of the 10
defendants who were seated at a table of honor.
"We must dramatize our fight," said Scott.
This he did by likening the Thomas Committee's actions to the
Reichstag fire which put the Nazis in power in Germany.
Among the sponsors of the dinner benefit rally for the * * Hollywood
Ten" are Norman Corwin, Chairman; Dr. David Appleman, Richard
Brooks, Clarence C. Carlson, Philip M. Connelly, John Cromwell, Dr.
George Day, Joseph DaSilva, Rev. Stephen Fritchman, Rev. Owen M.
Greer, Mrs. Paul Henreid, John Huston, Dr. H. Claude Hudson, Richard
Ibanez, Garson Kanin, Michael Kanin, Howard Koch, Millard Lamp-
bell, Burt Lancaster, Jerome W. McNair, Thomas Mann, Clifford Odets,
Mrs. Fred Pollack, Vincent Sherman, Mrs. Ben Solnit, Donald Ogden
Stewart, Dr. Donald H. Tippett, Walter Turner, Dr. Fritz W. Went,
and Mrs. Phyllis Ziffrin.
FREE ITALY SOCIETY
A chapter of the national organization is located at 3220 North
Broadway in Los Angeles.
Vito Marcantonio is active in behalf of this Communist group. He
addressed a meeting of the Free Italy Society in the Shrine Auditorium
in Los Angeles, in December of 1946. The announcement of the affair
was entitled "Support the Tito-Togliatti Proposals for Trieste," and it
was printed in English and Italian. It called on Italians to protest to
the Italian Embassy in Washington, D. C., the Secretary of State of the
United States, and the Counsel of Foreign Ministers in New York, and
demand that Tito and Togliatti (both Communists) be permitted to
settle the future of Trieste. It attacked American-British diplomacy as
' * Imperialistic. ' '
17— L-7088-D
242 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
FREIHEIT
This is the official Communist newspaper published in the Yiddish
tongue. For many years, M. J. Olgin was the editor of Freiheit. Olgin
was one of the outstanding leaders of the Communist Party in the
United States for 20 years. Sidney Hillman made a donation of $3,000
to the Communist newspaper Freiheit in the name of his wife, Bessie
Abramowitz.
FRIENDS OF SOVIET RUSSIA
Organizations for admiration and support of Soviet Russia were
among the first Communists fronts established in the United States.
The Central Committee of the Communist Party of the United States
created Friends of Soviet Russia in 1921, in direct response to directives
issued by the Communist International. According to Joseph Stalin,
"the United Front tactics were set up by Lenin in order to make it
easier for the millions of workers in capitalist countries * * * to come
over to Communism " (Die Internationale, 1932, p. 312) .
Willi Muenzenberg was the organizing genius of a huge solar sys-
tem of these united front movements which he aptly termed ' ' innocent
clubs." Through them he hoped, while "the action of the revolution
was hanging fire, to extend the basis under cover of the United Front
slogan. ' ' Among the organizations formed for this purpose on an inter-
national scale was the Friends of Soviet Russia, intended as Muenzen-
berg announced to "penetrate every conceivable milieu, get hold of
artists and professors, make use of theatres and cinemas, spread abroad
the doctrine that Russia is prepared to sacrifice everything to keep the
world at peace."
The Russian famine of 1921 furnished a convenient opportunity
for arousing widespread sympathy outside of the ranks of the Com-
munist Parties. To this end the Executive Committee of the Communist
International issued the following appeal to the workers of the United
States :
"The famine raging through the Volga districts of Russia
has called forth the sympathies of all honest workers throughout
the world. The Communist International has called upon the work-
ers of the world irrespective of creed and party to organize relief
for the famine-stricken districts in Soviet Russia * * *. Today the
Communist International is especially appealing to you, workers
of America * * *. Organize everywhere and immediately committees
for the relief of the hungry in Russia." (The Toiler, predecessor of
the Daily Worker, December 3, 1921, p. 11.)
The American affiliate of the Communist International was known
as the Workers Party of America in 1921. Moritz Loeb, in his report to
the district convention of the party in Chicago, March 12, 1922,
announced that he had made the Friends of Soviet Russia an order of
business at all branch meetings.
The members of the executive committee of the Friends of Soviet
Russia included the following members of the central executive com-
mittee of the Workers Party (Communist Party) : James P. Cannon,
J. Welenkin, and Caleb Harrison. The advisory committee included the
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 243
following members of the central executive committee of the Workers
Party: Ludwig Lore, J. Louis Engdahl, Marguerite Prevey, Elmer T.
Allison, Robert Minor, Charles Baker, Jack Carney, and Edgar Owens.
Other members of these committees were either party members or very
close sympathizers.
Benjamin Gitlow, vice presidential candidate on the Communist
ticket in 1924 and 1928 and a former member of the executive committee
of the Communist International, told a congressional committee that
over a million dollars had been raised for the famine-stricken victims
in Russia but that the money was used for Communist purposes in
capitalist countries. ' ' If the party found itself pinched for a few thou-
sand dollars, ' ' said Gitlow, * * we would call to the meeting of the political
committee Rose Karsner, Secretary of the Friends of Soviet Russia, to
make a loan, and she * * * would enter the necessary bookkeeping entries
that would show that the money was spent for a legitimate purpose. At
that time we put a number of the members of the political party * * *
on the payroll of the Friends of Soviet Russia/'
The magazine "Soviet Russia, official organ of the Russian Soviet
Government Bureau," became the official organ of the Friends of Soviet
Russia (The Toiler, January 21, 1922).
The purpose of the Communist International in appealing for relief
for the famine-stricken victims of Russia was, of course, only a ruse.
The real purpose was disclosed by Willi Muenzenberg in his report to
the Fourth Congress of the Communist International:
"In America there is the Friends of Soviet Russia, which is
closely connected with the Communist International * * *. In the
United States there is also the Society for Technical Aid to Soviet
Russia * * *. Then we have Comrade Hillman 's plan, which proposes
to raise a loan of $1,000,000 for Russia and which has arranged with
the Amalgamated Clothing Workers to found large-scale clothing
factories in Russia * * *. The campaign for the famine relief enabled
us for the first time to conduct Communist propaganda among the
trade-union workers of North America and to write these workers
in a relief action under the control of the Communist Party * * *.
In this way we were able to bring for the first time before the masses
the questions of Soviet Russia, proletarian revolution, etc. (Inter-
national Press Correspondence, December 22, 1922.)
The $1,000,000 loan mentioned above was undertaken by the Rus-
sian-American Industrial Corporation headed by Sidney Hillman (Inter-
national Press Correspondence, January 16, 1923). Sidney Hillman,
together with Communist M. J. Olgin, was a featured speaker for the
Friends of Soviet Russia.
Soviet Pictorial, carrying glorified photographs of life in the Soviet
Union, was a publication of the Friends of Soviet Russia.
In 1929 the Friends of Soviet Russia was reorganized and revita-
lized under the name of the Friends of the Soviet Union.
244 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
FRIENDS OF THE ABRAHAM LINCOLN BRIGADE
This organization, the Friends of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade,
was organized and controlled by the Communist Party from the begin-
ning. Phil Bard was the secretary of the Friends of the Abraham Lincoln
Brigade.
Among those affiliated with the Friends of the Abraham Lincoln
Brigade are the following : William Rose Benet, Ernest P. Boas, Langston
Hughes, Orson Welles, A. F. Whitney, James Waterman Wise, Francis
J. Gorman, Miguel Garriga, Irving Potash, John Rey, Stanley M.
Isaacs, Heywood Broun, Jerry O'Connell, Harry Sherman, Kyle Crich-
ton, Jerome Davis, Lillian Hellman, H. V. Kaltenborn, Clifford Odets,
Ursula Parrott, George Seldes, Herman Shumlin, Donald Ogden Stewart,
James Cagney, Muriel Draper, Henry Hart, Arthur Kober, Archibald
MacLeish, Dr. Mary E. Woolley, Albert Einstein, Dorothy Parker, Lester
Cohen, Martha Dodd, Dashiell Hammett, Mrs. George Marshall, Vincent
Sheean, Max Yergan, Reuben Borough, Harold Buchman, John Anson
Ford, Leo Gallagher, Lee E. Geyer, Robert W. Kenny, Carey Me Wil-
liams, Ben Rosenthal, Frank Scully, Oliver Thornton, and Clara
Weatherwax.
The headquarters of the Friends of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade
was located at 617 Union League Bldg., in the City of Los Angeles.
FRIENDS OF THE SOVIET UNION
The Friends of the Soviet Union succeeded the Friends of Soviet
Russia in 1929. The Daily Worker of October 25, 1929, stated :
"With the aid of such organizations as "The Friends of the
Soviet Union," which must be more firmly anchored among the
working masses, the sending of delegations to Russia must be organ-
ized and they must be utilized for propaganda for the twelfth anni-
versary (of the Russian revolution)."
Delegations of American workers to the Soviet Union to participate
in the May Day and November 7th anniversary celebrations was a major
task of the Friends of the Soviet Union.
The Friends of the Soviet Union later became known as the Ameri-
can Friends of the Soviet Union. The official publication of the organi-
zation is Soviet Russia Today.
The national committee of the Friends of the Soviet Union, endors-
ing the call for the Friends of the Soviet Union convention in New York
City, January 26, 27, 28, 1934, are as follows : Thomas R. Amlie, Roger
Baldwin, Carlton Beals, Alfred M. Bingham, Frank Borich, Bishop W.
M. Brown, Earl Browder, Julian Bryan, Anne Burlak, George S. Counts,
Malcolm Cowley, Edward Dahlberg, H. W. L. Dana, Floyd Dell, James
W. Ford, Richard Farber, William Z. Foster, Waldo Frank, Joseph
Freeman, Ben Gold, Lem Harris, Clarence Hathaway, Donald Hender-
son, Granville Hicks, John Haynes Homes, Roy Hudson, Langston
Hughes, William N. Jones, Howard Kester, Mary Van Kleeck, Corliss
Lamont, Katherine Lewis, Margaret Lamont, Robert Morss Lovett, J. B.
Matthews, John Meldon, Robert Minor, Scott Nearing, A. Overgaard,
William Patterson, Philip Raymond, Jack Stachel, Maxwell Stewart,
Genevieve Taggard, Justine Wise Tulin, Charles R. Walker, Dr. Harry
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 245
F. Ward, Louis Weinstock, Susan H. Woodruff, Albert Rhys Williams,
and Walter Wilson.
Of the foregoing, Carlton Beals, Earl Browder, Bishop William
Montgomery Brown, James W. Ford, William Z. Foster, Waldo Frank,
Michael Gold, Clarence Albert Hathaway, Granville Hicks, Roy Hudson,
Langston Hughes, John Meldon, Robert Minor, Scott Nearing, William
L. Patterson, Philip Raymond, and Jack Stachel have avowed publicly
their Communist sympathies.
Carlton Beals is the author of a section of a symposium "Recovery
through Revolution," in which the editor states: "Life and creation
belong henceforth to Communism."
Earl Browder headed the Communist Party of the United States
until 1945.
"Bishop" William Montgomery Brown was unfrocked by the Epis-
copal Church for heresy in 1924. He stated in 1933 that ' ' In these days of
my heresy, I am trying to make more members for the Communist
Party * * *."
James W. Ford, Negro, was a candidate for Vice President of the
United States on the Communist ticket.
William Z. Foster is presently the head of the Communist Party
of the United States.
Waldo Frank in an article "How I Came to Communism" (New
Masses, September, 1932) stated: "The revolution tomorrow must be
prepared today. Otherwise it may come too late to save mankind from
the destruction of capitalistic war or still worse, from the moral syphilis
of capitalistic peace. " (Eugene Lyons in The Red Decade indicated that
the Stalin-Hitler pact was too much for Waldo Frank and that he broke
with the party. )
Michael Gold has long been active in the Communist Party. He was
a member of the Revolutionary Writers Federation and was on the Com-
munist New Masses staff in 1933.
Clarence Albert Hathaway was formerly the District Organizer for
the Communist Party for District 8 (Chicago) and District 2 (New
York). He has been the editor of the Communist Party's Daily Worker
and a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party.
Granville Hicks left the Communist Party after the Stalin-Hitler
pact of August, 1939, stating that in joining the Communist Party he
had committed his * ' future to a group of politicians. ' '
Roy Hudson has been the Communist Commissar of the Red trade
union movement.
Langston Hughes' record is so notorious that additional comment
should be unnecessary. (See Committee's previous reports.)
John Meldon was a candidate for the Pittsburg City Council on the
Communist ticket in 1933.
Robert Minor is a charter member of the Central Committee of the
Communist Party of the United States.
Scott Nearing was indicted in 1918 under the Espionage Act for
authoring a pamphlet The Great Madness. He paid a $3,000 fine for the
publication, circulation and distribution of the pamphlet. He was dis-
missed from the University of Pennsylvania and the University of Toledo
for Communist teachings.
246 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
William L. Patterson has been a member of the Central Committee
of the Communist Party of the United States.
Philip Raymond was a candidate on the Communist ticket for the
City Council of Detroit in 1933.
Jack Stachel is a member of the Central Committee of the Com-
munist Party. In 1937 he was on the editorial board of The Communist.
The Communist affiliation of Harry F. Ward is indicative of the
Communist sympathies of the members and sponsors of the Friends of
the Soviet Union. Ward was a signer of a call for the Fourth American
Writers' Congress (The Clipper, May, 1941). Formerly chairman of the
American Civil Liberties Union and the American League for Peace and
Democracy (Soviet Russia Today) . He was formerly Professor of Chris-
tian Ethics at the Union Theological Seminary. His writings include In
Place of Profit and Democracy and Social Change. He is a contributor to
the Communist Soviet Russia Today. He was born in England. He was a
Methodist Episcopal minister in Chicago and resident Northwestern
University Settlement, 1898 to 1900.
He was a director of the Garland Fund and vice president of the
fund from July 19, 1922, to May 7, 1924. He was one of the founders
and the General Secretary of the Methodist Federation for Social Ser-
vice and the co-editor of its bulletin (with Winifred L. Chappell, mem-
ber of the Communist League of Professional Groups For Foster and
Ford, 1932). A statement in the Methodist Federation for Social Service
Bulletin No. 8, 1932, signed by Ward and Bishop McConnell, admits
cooperation with the Socialists and the Communists.
He was the national chairman and one of the founders of the Ameri-
can Civil Liberties Union. He was a member of the Advisory Council of
the American Society for Cultural Relations With Russia.
He has always been a pro-Soviet enthusiast. He spent some time in
the Soviet Union. He was a speaker for the Friends of the Soviet Union
in October, 1933, and also on November 1, 1933, at Webster Hall, New
York City, with Communist Henri Barbusse, Anna Louise Strong, Robert
Minor and Herbert Goldfrank. He lectured under Friends of the Soviet
Union auspices in 1934.
He was a wartime anti- American " peace" worker, and was active
in the People 's Council of America. He was a member of the Emergency
Peace Conference.
Ward 's admiration for the Industrial Workers of the World is cited
in the New York Lusk Reports. He presided over the Industrial Workers
of the World meeting February 9, 1920, held at the Rand School, to
raise money for the defense of members of the Industrial Workers of the
World who had killed four members of the American Legion at Centralia,
Washington.
Harry F. Ward was active in aiding William Z. Foster, C. E.
Ruthenberg and other Communists arrested at Bridgman, Michigan.
Ward served on the board of directors of World Tomorrow, and
was a contributor to The Nation and the Christian Century.
He was a member of the Peace Patriots and Fellowship of Recon-
ciliation.
Ward has been connected with the Y. M. C, A. and the Y. W. C. A.
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 247
He was one of the signers of a petition demanding that the ban
against the Communist Party in the Philippines be lifted.
He has been a member of many Communist front organizations.
The Friends of the Soviet Union ultimately became the present
Communist front, National Council of American-Soviet Friendship.
FRONTIER FILMS
This organization is closely interlocked through its personnel with
the Film and Photo League, a Communist front for revolutionary films.
Frontier Films has faithfully followed the Communist Party line in
its productions. As soon as Hitler attacked the Soviet Union, the organ-
ization ceased its attacks on American conditions and government. The
following description of Native Land, produced by Frontier Films,
(CIO News, May 11, 1942) is as follows :
"A motion picture designed to create afresh those feelings of
basic American patriotism has just been completed by Frontier
Films * 'f *. The picture was directed by Leo Hurwitz and Paul
Strand, who have been in the advance guard of documentary film
production since 1931, having collaborated on " Heart of Spain,"
"The Plow That Broke the Plains" and "China Strikes
Back" * * *. The great actor and baritone, Paul Robeson, well-
known and beloved by millions for his life-long struggle in the cause
of democracy, has narrated the deeply moving commentary written
by the fine American poet, David Wolff. ' '
GARLAND FUND
This source of revenue for Communist causes is generally referred
to as the Garland Fund, although it was legally constituted as the Ameri-
can Fund for Public Service.
Among those who have served as directors and officers of the Garland
Fund or its subsidiaries, are the following : Roger Baldwin, William Z.
Foster, Lewis S. Gannett, Sidney Hillman, James Weldon Johnson,
Robert Morss Lovett, Scott Nearing, Mary E. McDowell, Judah L. Mag-
nes, Norman Thomas, Harry F. Ward, Morris L. Ernst, Walter Nelles,
Elizabeth Gurley Flynn, Clinton S. Golden, Freda Kirch wey, Leo Wol-
man, Clarina Michelson, Benjamin Gitlow, Robert W. Dunn, Harry
Elmer Barnes, E. M. Borchard, Emanuel Celler, Paul H. Douglas, Ken-
neth Durant, Edward Meade Earle, Ernest Gruening, Manley 0. Hudson,
Charles Clayton Morrison, Kirby Page, Otto Schoenrich, Henrik Ship-
stead, Edgar Speyer, Moorfield Storey, John F. Sinclair, Oswald Gar-
rison Villard, and Arthur Warner.
GARRISON FILMS DISTRIBUTORS, INC.
This Communist front acts for films produced in the Soviet Union
as well as for Communist propaganda films produced in the United States.
It has followed the Communist Party line and the expediency of Soviet
foreign policy in the type of films distributed during a given period.
Commenting on a so-called documentary film "400,000,000," pro-
duced by Joris Ivens and John Ferno, and distributed by Garrison
248 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Films, Films for Democracy (April, 1939) states: "This is the second of
a series of documentary films produced by History Today, Inc. * * *."
On the Board of Directors of History Today, Inc., are : Lillian Hell-
man, Dorothy Parker, Louise Rainer, Ernest Hemingway, Archibald
MacLeish, Dudley Nichols, Herman Shumlin, and William Osgood Field.
GOLDEN BOOK OF AMERICAN FRIENDSHIP WITH THE SOVIET UNION
The signers of the Golden Book of American Friendship with the
Soviet Union may be said to have met the acid test for admiration of a
totalitarian dictatorship.
The following appeared in Soviet Russia Today for November, 1937 :
"I hereby inscribe my name in greeting to the people of the
Soviet Union on the twentieth anniversary of the establishment of
the Soviet Republic."
The following are the signatories to the above greeting: Lynn J.
Frazier, Robert Morss Lovett, Julian W. Mack, Robert S. Lynd, Elmer
Rice, Meta Berger, Henry E. Sigerist, Richard B. Scandrett, Jr., Irene
Levinsohn, Louis S. Gannett, George Gordon Battle, Lynd "Ward, James
H. Maurer, Klaus Mann, Evelyn Preston, John Howard Lawson, Louis
Lozowick, Adolph Dehn, Harriett Stanton Blatch, Katherine Anne
Porter, Clara Weather wax, Horace Gregory, S. Ralph Harlow, Paul de
Kruif, William S. Graves, Henry E. Teigan,. Christopher Morley, Upton-
Sinclair, Vilhjalmur Stefanssen, Vito Marcantonio, Dr. Alfonso Gold-
schmidt, George Biddle, Vera Micheles Dean, Ben Gold, Thomas Addis,
James Waterman Wise, Clifford Odets, Raphael Soyer, Matthew Joseph-
son, Muriel Rukeyser, Ralph M. Pearson, Kyle Crichton, Granville Hicks,
Art Young, Franklin E. Harris, Lillian D. Wald, W. E. B. DuBois,
William I. Sirovich, Hubert Wilkins, Harry W. Laidler, Scott Nearing,
Susan M. Kingsbury, Malcolm Cowley, David Pinski, Fielding Burke,
Clyde Fisher, B. W. Huebsch, Homer PI. Johnson, Muriel Draper, Dr.
Christian Brinton, William Gropper, Ida M. Tarbell, Carol King, Alain
Locke, J. Moreno Lasalle, Ray Boynton, Francis J. Gorman, J. McKeen
Cattell, H. V. Kaltenborn, Harry Elmer Barnes, Max Weber, Margaret I.
Lament, Van Wyck Brooks, Max Lerner, Newton Arvin, Joseph Curran,
Herman F. Reissig, William Koslenko, Ira S. Wile, Vardis Fisher,
Edward Alsworth Ross, William Carlos Williams, Josephine Herbst,
Wanda Gag, Countee Cullen, Jan Matulka, William Steig, and Har-
old Coy.
HARRY BRIDGES DEFENSE COMMITTEE
This Communist front has operated under several similar names. It
has functioned as the Bridges Defense Committee, Citizens Committee
for Harry Bridges, etc.
Among those who have affiliated with the Bridges Defense Commit-
tees are Elmer Benson, W. Russell Bowie, Joseph Curran, Sherman H.
Dalrymple, Zeara DuPont, John Green, Max Lerner, Phillip Murray,
Paul Robeson, Reid Robinson, Orson Welles, Dr. Thomas Addis, Shannon
C. Allen, Stella Adler, Reuben W. Borough, Prof. Harold Chapman
Brown, Morris Carnovsky, Aaron Copland, Frank Davis, Hugh De Lacy,
William E. Dodd, Jr., Wanda Gag, Albert Halper, Dashiell Hammett,
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 249
Arthur Garfield Hays, Lillian Hellman, Paul Jarrico, Rockwell Kent,
Arthur Kober, Alfred Kreymborg, John Howard Lawson, Dr. Max
Lerner, Ray Lev, Dr. George Marshall, Ruth McKenney, Dr. John How-
ard Melish, Dudley Nichols, Clifford Odets, Dorothy Parker, Prof. Walter
Rautenstrauch, George Seldes, Irwin Shaw, Herman Shumlin, Tess Sles-
singer, Alfred K. Stern, Donald Ogden Stewart, Paul Strand, Prof.
Frank W. Weymouth, Teddy Wilson, Ella Winter, Nathan Witt, Col.
Charles Erskine Scott Wood, and Virginia Gardner.
The Harry Bridges Defense Committee for San Francisco was
located at 593 Market Street. Estolv Ward was the executive secretary of
the California Sponsoring Committee. Among the sponsors are the fol-
lowing : J. Vernon Burke, Germain Bulcke, Louis Goldblatt, Prof. Robert
A. Brady, George Hardy, George Wilson, Paul S. Schliff, Herman Stuy-
velaar, C. L. Dellums, George D. Collins, Jr., George Olshausen, Rabbi
Jacob Weinstein, Dr. Otis Linn, Henry Schmidt, Dr. Thomas Addis, Dr.
E. P. Ryland, Harry Graham Baiter, Loren Miller, Herbert K. Sorrell,
Charles J. Katz, Roy M. Donnely, Dr. A. A. Heist, Frank Scully, Ben
Rosenthal, Don Healy, Philip M. Connelly, J. C. Coulter, Dr. Melvin
Rader, Hugh De Lacy, Eugene V. Bennett, Howard Grant, Vera Harris,
Rev. Fred A. Hughes, Ross N. Kingston, Claude M. Smith, Paul Stumps,
Dr. R. G. Tyler, and Mark M. Litchman.
In September of 1942, the National Federation for Constitutional
Liberties launched a campaign to defeat the deportation of Harry
Bridges.
This Communist front, the National Federation for Constitutional
Liberties, issued an "Open Letter" addressed to the President of the
United States protesting the deportation proceedings and demanding that
they be dropped. Among those who signed this letter were Dr. Frank C.
Davis, Carey Me Williams, Ernest Dawson, Herbert K. Sorrell, Abraham
Isserman, Dalton Trumbo and Earl Robinson.
HOLLYWOOD ANTI-NAZI LEAGUE
The Hollywood League Against Nazi-ism, incorporated on June 8,
1936, and became the Hollywood Anti-Nazi League on September 28,
1936.
The organization was conceived by the Communist Party and it
was brought into being through the activities of Louise Todd, Los Angeles
section organizer of the Communist Party, and Stanley Lawrence, Com-
munist Party Hollywood representative.
The purpose of the Hollywood Anti-Nazi League was, of course, to
support the current foreign policy of Soviet Russia, and to capitalize on
the abhorrence of motion picture stars, writers, and producers for the
persecutions and atrocities of Hitler. It was an important source of
funds to the Communist Party and became an excellent vehicle for
propaganda.
Marian Spitzer was the vice president of the Hollywood An ti -Nazi
League and its chairman was Donald Ogden Stewart. Marian Spitzer
has been an important leader for the Communist Party in the cultural
field. The Communist Party affiliation of Donald Ogden Stewart is estab-
lished by sworn testimony and his exceptionally long record of affiliation
with Communist front organizations.
250 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Ursula Daniels, Young Communist League member, was the circu-
lation manager of the Anti-Nazi News published by the Hollywood Anti-
Nazi League. The name of this publication was changed to News of the
World, and finally to Now.
V. J. Jerome, alias Isaac Romaine, educational director of the Com-
munist Party on the national level, was sent to Hollywood by the National
Committee of the Communist Party in 1937 to reorganize and revitalize
the Hollywood Anti-Nazi League. Communist Commissar Jerome and
John Howard Lawson put the front on a paying basis. The Congressional
Committee on Un-American Activities reported that Hollywood stars,
writers and executives contributed $89,892.51 in two years of the Holly-
wood Anti-Nazi League's existence. A bank account was opened in the
name of Beatrice Buckman and was later changed to Bern Bernard. The
Congressional Report states: "The deposits of the Communist Party in
this area rose from $600 from the period of October 19, 1935, to Decem-
ber 11, 1936, to $23,140.23 in the period of February 28, 1936, to
November 9, 1936.' '
The secretary of the Hollywood Anti-Nazi League was Alan Camp-
bell and the treasurer was Bern Bernard. The sponsors of the organiza-
tion are as follows: Herbert Biberman, Mrs. Sidney Buchman, Eddie
Cantor, Florence Eldridge (Mrs. Frederic March), Francis Edwards
Faragoh, Oscar Hammerstein, II, Charles Katz, Judge Robert W. Kenny,
H. S. Kraft, Richard Lert, Ernst Lubitsch, Fredric March, Dr. Rudolf
Marx, Edwin Justus Mayer, Ray Mayer, Elizabeth Merrell, Lewis Mile-
stone, Paul Muni, Dudley Nichols, Judge Isaac Pacht, Mrs. Charles
Page, Dorothy Parker, Irving Pichel, Frank Scully, Viola Brothers
Shore, Sylvia Sidney, Gloria Stuart, and Frank Tuttle.
The committee wishes to emphasize here that membership in the
Hollywood Anti-Nazi League is in no way a test of the sponsor's sym-
pathy for Communism. The purported objectives were those of most
Americans. While the organization was an important Communist-front,
it was one of the cleverest. The Communists and Communist fellow-
travelers are indicated by those who stuck along after the Stalin-Hitler
pact in the American Peace Crusade and the American Peace Mobiliza-
tion. This test is conclusive.
When Stalin and Hitler joined forces to conquer and divide Europe
the Hollywood Anti-Nazi League went out of business. The money col-
lected by the organization for the purpose of fighting Hitler and the
Nazis was probably used to assist Hitler during his copartnership with
Josef Stalin.
The "ironed-disciplined" comrades of the Hollywood Anti-Nazi
League soon emerged as members and sponsors of a new front, the
Hollywood Democratic Committee.
HOLLYWOOD DEMOCRATIC COMMITTEE
This Communist-front grew out of a series of fronts designed to
entrap Hollywood's innocents in the motion picture industry. The first
was the Hollywood League Against Nazi-ism, which changed its name
a few months after its incorporation in June of 1936, to the Hollywood
Anti-Nazi League. The Stalin-Hitler pact brought this front to an abrupt
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 251
termination of activities in August of 1939. The Motion Picture Demo-
cratic Committee was the organization carried forward by the Commu-
nists who had organized and directed the Hollywood Anti-Nazi League.
The Motion Picture Democratic Committee, after several sad experiences
which publicly disclosed its Communist control, continued on as the
Hollywood League for Democratic Action.
The reelection campaign of Governor Culbert L. Olson in 1942 found
the Hollywood League for Democratic Action reorganized as the Holly-
wood Democratic Committee. Its announced purpose was the reelection
of Governor Olson. It had no connection with the Democratic Party as
such. After the defeat of Governor Olson in 1942 the front continued as
a permanent organization under the secretaryship of George Pepper.
Throughout all of the twists and turns of these Communist-fronts,
under one name or another, was the guiding hand of Communist John
Howard Lawson. The issue of August 3, 1943, of the People's Daily
World states that "the program of action for the (Hollywood Demo-
cratic) committee, as enunciated by Screen Writer John Howard
Lawson. * * * Lawson, in discussing the committee 's program of action,
said that the activities would extend beyond the Los Angeles community
and that every resource would be mustered to rally the people of America
around the program of the committee." Dalton Trumbo, incidentally,
made the collection speech at the meeting. ( Trumbo 's Johnny Get Tour
Gun, an anti-war story during the Stalin-Hitler pact, ran serially in the
Daily Worker.)
Herbert Biberman, a member of the national council of the Amer-
ican Peace Mobilization which picketed the White House during the
Stalin-Hitler pact, was the Hollywood Democratic Committee's mouth-
piece in its attack on Congressman John H. Costello when the congress-
man was up for reelection. Biberman was a sponsor of the Hollywood
League for Democratic Action, chairman of the Los Angeles branch of
the American Peace Mobilization, supporter of the League of American
Writers, and has been affiliated in one capacity or another with numerous
Communist-front organizations.
After Hitler invaded Russia the Hollywood Democratic Committee
followed the new ' ' line ' ' and pledged itself to a * * win-the-war ' ' platform.
A ballot for the election of officers and an executive board, "as
approved by the nominating committee and the steering committee,"
under date of July 26, 1944, listed the following members of the Holly-
wood Democratic Committee : Marc Connelly, chairman ; John Crom-
well, Gene Kelly, E. Y. Harburg, vice presidents ; Norval Crutcher, sec-
retary ; Albert Dekker, treasurer ; Robert Andrews, Hugh Bennett, Mar-
garet Bennett, Henry Blankfort, Edwin Blum, Irving Brecher, Virginia
Bruce, Sidney Buchman, George Campbell, Teet Carle, Florence Caylor,
Morris Cohn, Marc Connelly, John Cromwell, Norval Crutcher, Olivia
De Haviland, Albert Dekker, D. A. Doran, Edward Dmytryk, Duke
Ellington, Ted Ellsworth, Ken Englund, Paul Franklin, John Garfield,
Ira Gershwin, Sheridan Gibney, Mrs. Russell Gleason, John Green, E. Y.
Harburg, Louis Harris, Don Hartman, Rita Hayworth, Miriam Hopkins,
Arthur Hornblow, John Houseman, Walter Huston, Rex Ingram, Talbot
Jennings, Gene Kelly, Jerome Kern, Evelyn Keyes, Don King, Edwin
Knopf, Harry Kurnitz, Jesse Lasky, Emmett Lavery, John Howard
252 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Lawson, Sol Lesser, Kenneth MaeGowan, Mary C. McCall, Lewis Mile-
stone, Ona Munson, Mrs. Henry Myers, Bill Oliver, William Perlberg,
Nat Perrin, Irving Pichel, William Pomerance, Glenn Pratt, Everett
Riskin, Edward G. Robinson, Al Rogell, Robert Rossen, Rev. Clayton
Russell, Oliver Schwab, Arthur Schwartz, Allan Scott, Ashmead Scott,
Douglas Shearer, Vincent Sherman, Herbert Sorrell, Al Speede, Mrs.
Mon Spliterling, Marian Spitzer, Stewart Sterling, Gloria Stuart, Jo
Swerling, Franchot Tone, Mrs. Harry Tugent, Frank Tuttle, Charles
Vidor, Jerry Wald, J. K. Wallace, Orson Welles, William Wilder, Vir-
ginia Wright, Mrs. William Wyler, Sam Zimbalist, executive board.
After the invasion of Soviet Russia by Hitler, the Hollywood Demo-
cratic Committee became a very "patriotic" organization and hailed
Franklin D. Roosevelt as the great Commander-in-Chief, instead of a
war-monger and trickster leading the country into an unpopular war
for the benefit of Wall Street, as the Hollywood Motion Picture Demo-
cratic Committee had claimed during the Stalin-Hitler pact.
Herbert K. Sorrell emerged as a member of the executive board of
the Hollywood Democratic Committee. The executive board of the Holly-
wood Democratic Committee included, in addition to Sorrell, John Crom-
well, Norval Crutcher, John Green, Irving Pichel, Gloria Stuart, Frank
Tuttle, E. Y. Harburg, Edward Dmytryk, Ira Gershwin, and the Rev.
Clayton Russell.
HOLLYWOOD INDEPENDENT CITIZENS COMMITTEE OF THE ARTS,
SCIENCES AND PROFESSIONS (HICCASP)
The 1947 Report of the Legislative Committee investigating
Un-American Activities in California explained at some length the twist
in the Communist Party line at the beginning of World War II. In con-
formity with the then current line the name of the Communist Party
was changed to the Communist Political Association, and the name of the
Young Communist League was changed to American Youth for Democ-
racy. The name of the monthly ideological publication, " The Communist"
was changed to "Political Affairs."
After Germany was defeated and the pressure removed against the
Soviet Union, there was no longer any reason for the Communist Party
of America to continue its policy of appeasement toward United States
industry. The Communist Political Association was dissolved and the old
revolutionary, world-conquest-seeking Communist Party of the United
States was revived. Every student of Communist maneuvering knew that
the American agents of Stalin would now revive their long-range policy
of instigating strikes, creating racial antagonisms and intensify their
day-to-day policy of gnawing away at the vitals of the Government of
the United States. That postwar chaos, confusion, dislocations, griev-
ances, real and imaginary, would be utilized and magnified, was a fore-
gone conclusion.
There has been voluminous evidence before the Legislative com-
mittees investigating un-American activities in California that the Com-
munist Party is determined to do everything within its power to capture
the motion picture industry in order to utilize its glamor and its medium
wherever possible for Communist propaganda. It has already been proved
that the Communists have made every effort, with a considerable degree
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 253
of success in some instances, to dominate and direct such basic unions as
the Screen Writers Guild, the Screen Readers Guild and the Screen
Analysts Guild. By thoroughly controlling these and similar organiza-
tions the Communists would be in a position to impregnate scripts with
anti-capitalist and labor agitational propaganda; propaganda that is
always imperceptible to the casual layman, but extremely significant to
the trained observer.
The Communist record of Herbert K. Sorrell will be found in
previous reports of California legislative investigating committees. A
brief, although incomplete, recapitulation of Sorrell's Communist
activities, shows that he was affiliated with the Motion Picture Demo-
cratic Committee, the Hollyvood Democratic Committee, Labor's Non-
Partisan League, a member of the Ellis E. Patterson for President slate,
the Workers ' Alliance of America, National Federation for Constitutional
Liberties, the Yanks Are Not Coming Committee, the Schneiderman-
Darcy Defense Committee, Committee for the Release of Earl Browder,
United Spanish Aid Committee, Leo Gallagher Testimonial, Harry
Bridges Defense Committee, La Rue McCormick for Senate Supporters,
American Youth for Democracy, People's Daily World Press Confer-
ence, and the Third Annual Convention of the Los Angeles County
Communist Party.
Previous reports establish the interlocking control of various Com-
munist front organizations supporting Sorrell in his leadership of the
Communist inspired motion picture strikes.
When the Hollywood Democratic Committee faced exposure as a
Communist front, it simply changed its name and continued to do busi-
ness with the same personnel. While the Hollywood Democratic Com-
mittee is treated in previous reports, and at some length in this report,
its communist character is indicated by a meeting held at the Hollywood-
Roosevelt Hotel, March 4, 1943, attended by such outstanding fellow-
travelers and Communists as Herbert K. Sorrell, Albert Dekker, Mary
C. McCall, Jr., Frank Tuttle and Orson Welles.
A meeting of the Hollywood Democratic Committee was held on
April 31, 1945, in the American Legion Hall at 205 North Highland
Avenue, Los Angeles. Among those active at this meeting was Eleanor
Abowitz, whose record of Communist activities is both long and con-
sistent. The proposition changing the name of the Hollywood Democratic
Committee was first publicly put forward at this meeting.
On June 5, 1945, another meeting was held in Warner Brothers
Studio, Number 3, located at 5833 Fernwood Street in Hollywood. Among
those present were John Howard Lawson, Albert Dekker, John Crom-
well, Lionel Stander, Orson Welles, and Dr. Franklin Fearing. Orson
Welles again suggested that the name of the Hollywood Democratic
Committee be changed, and proposed that the organization be called the
Hollywood Independent Citizens Committee of the Arts, Sciences and
Professions.
On the following evening Orson Welles' suggestion was voted on and
the Hollywood Democratic Committee became the Hollywood Inde-
pendent Citizens Committee of the Arts, Sciences and Professions. Thus
an old Communist front was given new life under a new name.
254 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
On July 17, 1945, Robert W. Kenny presided over a conference lie
had called into being, at the Royal Palms Hotel, 360 Westlake Avenue,
Los Angeles. The purpose of the meeting was to protest the speaking
activities of Gerald L. K. Smith. The Executive Committee included
Robert W. Kenny, George Stiller, Thomas Lee Griffith, Eleanor Abowitz,
Anne and Francis Pollack, Carey Me Williams, Leo Gallagher, and Albert
Dekker. Among the organizations represented were the Hollywood Inde-
pendent Citizens Committee of the Arts, Sciences and Professions, the
National Citizens Political Action Committee, the Abraham Lincoln
Brigade, and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored
People. There were, undoubtedly, some very fine loyal Americans attend-
ing this meeting, as its purported purpose was to organize to fight anti-
Semitism and the incendiary speeches of Gerald L. K. Smith. The record
should show that all of the loyal Americans hastily withdrew from the
movement as soon as its Communist design and direction was disclosed.
Out of this meeting of July 17, 1945, there emerged a vicious, poten-
tially dangerous Communist front, Mobilization for Democracy. The
Hollywood Independent Citizens Committee of the Arts, Sciences and
Professions participated all the way.
Ultimately the Hollywood Independent Citizens Committee of the
Arts, Sciences and Professions joined hands with the C.I.O. Political
Action Committee to form the new political Communist front, the
Progressive Citizens of America.
The Committee of the Legislature on Un-American Activities in
California, in its 1947 report found the Hollywood Independent Citizens
Committee of the Arts, Sciences and Professions a Communist front, and
the Senate Fact-Finding Committee on Un-American Activities in Cali-
fornia here reiterates the 1947 finding.
On June 27, 1945, the Hollywood Independent Citizens Committee
of the Arts, Sciences and Professions presented "The American Cara-
van." It was represented as a "forceful, dramatized plea for the con-
tinuance of allied unity and for the aggressive support of the United
Nations Charter." According to the postcard announcement in the files
of the Senate committee, the presentation starred Bette Davis, Alfred
Drake, Joan Fontaine, James Gleason, Danny Kaye, Edward G. Robin-
son, Orson Welles and others. It was held at the Philharmonic Audi-
torium and the admission was free.
On Friday, July 27, 1945, the musician members of the Hollywood
Independent Citizens Committee of the Arts, Sciences and Professions
held a meeting to form a music division, to elect officers, and "to devise a
plan of activity that will help to realize and forward the over-all program
of the committee. ' ' The speakers were John Cromwell and Artie Shaw.
The letterhead upon which the foregoing announcement was mimeo-
graphed listed John Cromwell as the chairman; George Pepper, as the
executive secretary; Bette Davis, Dore Schary, John B. Hughes, and
Joseph Szigeti, as vice chairmen ; E. Y. Harburg, as secretary, and Danny
Kaye as treasurer.
The members of the Executive Council of the Hollywood Independ-
ent Citizens Committee of the Arts, Sciences and Professions are listed as
follows: Larry Adler, Robert Andrews, George Antheil, Jean Arthur,
Margaret Bennett, Ted Bliss, William Blowitz, Edwin Blum, Humphrey
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 255
Bogart, Charles Boyer, Irving Brecher, Sidney Buchman, George Burns,
Abe Burrows, Reuben W. Borough, George Campbell, Eddie Cantor, Mor-
ris Cohn, Marc Connelly, Norman Corwin, Joseph Gotten, Norval Crut-
cher, Olivia DeHavilland, Albert Dekker, D. A. Doran, Ted Ellsworth,
Dr. Franklin Fearing, Joan Fontaine, Thomas Fizdale, John Garfield,
Ira Gershwin, Paulette Goddard, Howard J. Green, John Green, Louis
Harris, Don Hartman, Rita Hayworth, Arthur Hornblow, John House-
man, Walter Huston, Rex Ingram, George Jessel, Charles Jones, Attor-
ney General Robert W. Kenny, Jerome Kern, Evelyn Keyes, Edwin
Knopf, Howard Koch, Cal Kuhl, Harry Kurnitz, Jesse Lasky, Emmet
Lavery, John Howard Lawson, Sol Lesser, Kenneth MacGowan, Thomas
Mann, Mary C. McCall, Dr. Fraser McDonald, Lewis Milestone, Sam
Moore, Jack Moss, Prof. Walter Muelder, Ona Munson, Ernest Pascal,
Gregory Peck, Nat Perrin, Irving Pichel, William Pomerance, Everett
Riskin, Earl Robinson, Edward G. Robinson, Al Rogell, Artur Rubin-
stein, Arthur Schwartz, Artie Shaw, Douglas Shearer, Vincent Sherman,
Herman Shumlin, Mrs. Milton Sperling, Marian Spitzer, Stewart Ster-
ling, Gloria Stuart, Edward Sutherland, Jo Swerling, Dalton Trumbo,
Mrs. Harry Tugend, Frank Tuttle, Bob Wachsman, Walter Wanger,
Franz Waxman, Larry Weingarten, Orson Welles, Virginia Wright, Mrs.
William Wyler, and Sam Zimbalist.
The headquarters of the Hollywood Independent Citizens Commit-
tee of the Arts, Sciences and Professions is 1515 Cross Roads of the
World, Hollywood 28, and the phone number is HOllywood 6325.
A letter signed by Alice Hunter as executive director under date of
July 19, 1946, finds some change in the vice chairmen of the Hollywood
group. Col. Evans Carlson, Olivia De Havilland, Dr. Franklin Fearing,
Lena Home, Dr. Linus Pauling, Dore Schary, and Frank Sinatra are now
listed as vice chairmen. Ernest Pascal is the treasurer.
HOLLYWOOD LEAGUE AGAINST NAZI-ISM
This Communist front was incorporated on June 8, 1936. On Sep-
tember 28, 1936, its name was changed to the Hollywood Anti-Nazi
League.
(See committee's previous reports and the Hollywood Anti-Nazi
League, this report.)
HOLLYWOOD LEAGUE FOR DEMOCRATIC ACTION
This Communist front was a continuation of the Motion Pictures
Democratic Committee, after the invasion of Russia by Germany pre-
cipitated an abrupt change in Soviet foreign policy. It lasted until 1942
when it reorganized as the Hollywood Democratic Committee for the
announced purpose of reelecting Governor Culbert L. Olson.
The address of the organization was 6513 Hollywood Boulevard, and
the telephone number was Hillside 7391. Donald Ogden Stewart was the
Chairman; Frank Tuttle, Vice Chairman; Dudley Nichols, Secretary;
and Bern Bernard, Treasurer.
The sponsors of the Hollywood League for Democratic Action were :
Dr. Eric Beecroft, Herbert Biberman, Mrs. Sidney Buchman, Eddie Can-
tor, John Cromwell, Florence Eldridge (Mrs. Frederic March), Francis
256 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Edwards Faragoh, Mrs. Bernardine Fritz, Jay Gorney, Oscar Hammer-
stein II, Charles Katz, Senator Robert W. Kenny, H. S. Kraft, Richard
Lert, Ernst Lubitsch, Frederic March, A. Calder Marshall, Dr. Rudolf
Marx, Edwin Justus Mayer, Ray Mayer, Elizabeth Merrell, Lewis Mile-
stone, Paul Muni, Dudley Nichols, Judge Isaac Pacht, Mrs. Charles Page,
Dorothy Parker, Irving Pichel, Frank Scully, Maxwell Shane, Viola
Brothers Shore, Sylvia Sidney, Gloria Stuart, and Frank Tuttle.
HOLLYWOOD LEAGUE OF WOMEN SHOPPERS
(See League of Women Shoppers.)
HOLLYWOOD MOTION PICTURE DEMOCRATIC COMMITTEE
The Hollywood Motion Picture Democratic Committee was the suc-
cessor to the Hollywood Anti-Nazi League, after the latter organization
went out of business following the Stalin-Hitler pact of August, 1939.
Concerning this organization, a former member of the Young Com-
munist League, under oath, testified as follows : ' ' Connection with the
party in Los Angeles is through Al Lane, political director, who gives the
general directives. For a time Oliver Thornton sat on the governing board.
For the most part the membership (of the Hollywood Motion Picture
Democratic Committee) is the same as that of the Hollywood Anti-Nazi
League * * * members of the Motion Picture Artists Committee to Aid
Spanish Democracy and the League for Peace and Democracy." A con-
gressional report, referring to the same witness, states: "The witness
cited as members of the Communist Party the following members of the
Executive Committee of the Motion Picture Democratic Committee : Her-
bert Biberman, Maurice Murphy, John Bright, Jeff Kibre, Al Matthews,
Charles Page, and Donald Ogden Stewart. ' '
Rena M. Vale, a former member of Los Angeles County Cultural
Commission of the Communist Party, testified as follows before the Joint
Fact-Finding Committee on Un-American Activities in California:
1 ' That the aforesaid Los Angeles County Political Commission
had full control of the policies of the Motion Picture Democratic
Committee of which aforementioned Philip Dunne was Chairman,
and Melvyn Douglas another prominent official; our commission
made all decisions on policy and direction of this organization,
planned resolutions for it and transmitted same to that organization
through either the representative present or through Communist
Party channels, directed, it was announced in meeting, to Maurice
Murphy, a 'comrade,' who was Executive Secretary of the Motion
Picture Democratic Committee ; it is worthy of note that said Mau-
rice Murphy later became the Executive Secretary of the aforemen-
tioned League of American Writers, Hollywood Chapter, which I
know of my own knowledge to be a Communist Party-controlled
organization * * * . I was drawn into the Los Angeles County Cul-
tural Commission as a representative from the political commission ;
that this commission was organized to fill the need expressed by Mary
Virginia Farmer, mentioned previously: To coordinate the work
of the Los Angeles County apparatus of the Communist Party with
that of the underground, darkly secret Hollywood Cultural Commis-
sion, which in turn was part of the Communist Party apparatus in
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 257
Hollywood, which, according to Communist knowledge generally,
dealt directly with the Central Committee of the Communist Party
of the United States * * *. "
The Hollywood Anti-Nazi League, after the Stalin-Hitler pact, was
in no position to shout for a Nazi victory. Under its new name, the Holly-
wood Democratic Committee, it did everything within its power to sup-
port the latest development in Soviet diplomacy and power politics. The
Theatre Arts Committee 's publication announced on April 1, 1940, that
"the MPDC declares its support of strict neutrality, opposing the exten-
sion of war credits and opposing excessive armaments. The MPDC is
opposed to diplomatic or congressional actions tending to involve the
United States on either side of the European war * * *. "
In the middle of 1940 the Hollywood Motion Picture Democratic
Committee stated in a News Letter:
"Military defeat of England would make New York the finan-
cial capitol of the British Empire. * * * Information trickling
through from France indicates that the reasons for the French sur-
render were political as well as military. * * * The impression grows
here that France's surrender was timely not only for the Nazi but
for French big business interests. * * * With the surrender of
France the possibility of American intrusion on the European scene
has lessened. * * * Roosevelt's air schedules for 'invasion from
Europe' made military men smile. * * * Mass air attacks have com-
fortable radii of 500 miles, and a limit of 1200. * * * Fear of the
'Colossus of the North' has been allayed only temporarily by the
Good Neighbor policy. Latin Americans need no Nazi prompting
to protest * Yankee Imperialism. " * * * Regimentation of the entire
population for military service was carried further in the bill intro-
duced by Senator Burke on June 20th, providing for compulsory
military service for all men between the ages of 18 and 65. ' '
Herbert K. Sorrell was a member of the executive board of the
Motion Picture Democratic committee together with Harold Buckman,
Al Caya, John Cromwell, Norval Crutcher, John Green, Edward Mussa,
Irving Pichel, Gloria Stuart, and Frank Tuttle. It was this executive
board that defeated a proposal by Melvyn Douglas shortly after Soviet
Russia invaded Finland in December, 1939, calling for reaffirmation
of support of the Roosevelt foreign policy, a condemnation of Russian
aggression and the Communist Party.
A Hollywood Motion Picture Democratic Committee bulletin dated
March 26, 1940, entitled "America Declares Peace/' called a meeting at
the Olympic Auditorium in Los Angeles, April 6, 1940. This meeting
launched a violent attack on President Roosevelt and the "warmongers. ' '
Out of this meeting came the Hollywood Peace Council, which was later
to become the American Peace Mobilization. The speakers at this meeting
were Ellis E. Patterson, Reuben Borough, Herbert Biberman, Philip
M. Connelly, Dalton Trumbo, and Frank Tuttle.
HOLLYWOOD QUARTERLY
See the committee's 1947 report and the Screen Writers Guild, this
report, concerning this Communist project.
18— L-7088-D
258 UN- AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
The first issue of the Hollywood Quarterly appeared in October,
1945. It was jointly sponsored by the University of California at Los
Angeles and the Communist front, Hollywood "Writers Mobilization.
James Corley, Controller of the University, armed with the galley proofs
of the Committee 's Report dealing with the Writers Congress, the Holly-
wood Writers Mobilization and the Communist records of such individ-
uals as John Howard Lawson, Kenneth MacGowan, and others, vigor-
ously opposed the plan for the joint publication of the magazine, but
was unsuccessful.
The Hollywood Quarterly is copyrighted by the Regents of the
University and is printed by the University Press at Berkeley. The
editorial staff is composed of John Howard Lawson, Dr. Franklin Fear-
ing, Kenneth MacGowan, Franklin P. Wolfe, Helene M. Hooker, and
Samuel T. Farquhar.
HOLLYWOOD WRITERS' MOBILIZATION
The committee has reported on this Communist front, Hollywood
Writers' Mobilization, at some length in its 1945 report.
It should be stated here that the Hollywood Writers' Mobilization
is a direct successor of the Pacific Coast branch of the League of
American Writers, Communist front for literary Communists and
Communist fellow-travelers. The name, Hollywood Writers' Mobili-
zation, was assumed shortly after the Stalin-Hitler Pact was ended by
Hitler 's attack on the Soviet Union, June 22, 1941. It went into frenzied
activity following the attack on Pearl Harbor. It should be pointed out
that the record proves that the " patriotism " indicated on the part of
the leaders of this Communist front organization, was dependent upon
their secret loyalty to the Soviet Union.
Among those who were affiliated with the Hollywood Writers '
Mobilization were E. Y. Harburg, Marc Connelly, Theodore Dreiser,
Carey Me Williams, Dudley Nichols, Edward Chodorov, Earl Robinson
(alias Robert Earl), Samuel Ornitz, Robert Rossen, WTaldo Salt, John
Howard Lawson, Morris Watkins, Sidney Buchman, Frederic Rinaldo,
Emmet Lavery, Ring Lardner, Jr., Frank Tuttle, Adrian Scott, and
many others whose names appear in the index of this Report and in the
previous Reports of Legislative Committees investigating un-American
activities in California.
Louis J. Russell, former F.B.I, agent, testified before the Thomas
Committee in Washington, D. C., October 29, 1947, that Adrian Scott
was a member of the Communist Party and that he held a 1945 Com-
munist Political Association card No. 47200 ; 1945 Communist Political
Association card No. 46832 ; and that his Communist Party registration
card for 1946 was No. 35394.
R. E. Combs, Commitee Counsel, read excerpts from the minutes
of the executive board meetings of the Hollywood Writers ' Mobilization
into the Committee's transcript of testimony in Oakland, November 3,
1947. (Volume XXXII, pages 7 to 17.)
The Hollywood Writers ' Mobilization used a mailing list which the
committee found to be in use by many Communist front organizations,
as well as the Communist Party itself, in Southern California. Among
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 259
other organizations and individuals included on the mailing list of
the Hollywood Writers' Mobilization are the following:
The Carver Club, Communist Party, care of Eva Korn, 2032 South
Western, L. A.
Communist Party, care of N. Sparks, 124 W. 6th St., Los Angeles,
Party Headquarters for Los Angeles.
The 40th Club, Communist Party, care of Frederick A. Gottesman,
2833i Brooklyn Avenue, East Los Angeles.
Fortieth Assembly District, United Committee for Political Action,
care of Mrs. Goldsmith, 2439J Boulder, Los Angeles, 33.
Filipino Community of L. A., Alec Velaseo, 150 North Los Angeles
Street, Los Angeles.
Free Italy Society, Frank Baffa, 3806 Sunbeam Drive, Los Angeles.
India News, Lai Singh, 553 South Western Avenue, Los Angeles.
National Lawyers' Guild, Morris E. Cohn, 229 North Broadway,
Los Angeles.
South Bay Forum, N.C.A.C., Alfred Riley, 1514 West 138th Street,
Hawthorne.
American Veterans Committee, Norris Helferd, 7509J Sunset
Boulevard, Los Angeles.
Veterans of the Abraham Brigade, Charles Persily, 423 North Chi-
cago Street, Los Angeles.
C.I.O. P.A.C., Tony A. Nicol, 5851 South Avalon Blvd., Los Angeles.
Musicians Union, Local 47, c/o George Campbell, 1417 South Geor-
gia Street, Los Angeles.
Actors Laboratory, c/o Helen Slote, 1455 North Laurel, Los Angeles.
(After the name ''Helen Slote", the name "Rose Hobart"
appears in parenthesis).
Under the heading I WO Lodges (International Workers Order)
are the following: Mrs. Pearl Fagelson, A. Maymudes, Max Cramer
(I WO 51), William Wilkins (141), Samuel Sacks (204), Hyman Cohen
(224), Evelyn Zaroff (250), Isaac Epstein (251), K. Wyloge (253),
Isidore Feigan (258), Thems Kass (253), Ida Marmer (469), Edith
Rowland (471), Hershel Hancock (448), Ruby Karron, Harvey Sacker
(493), Evelyn Lonik (508), Kathryn Gautt (576), Ella Helfand (660),
Lee D. Brown (704), H. Schlessberg (754), Beatrice Enock (946), H. P.
loannou (957), J. T. Green (1537), Kusma Dragun (3151), J. Paw-
lowski (3590 P), Mrs. Saini Taulu (3737), Mrs. Lemp I. Sale (3894),
Ivan Velyatich (4299), Emily Curaj (4368), Lillian Young (760),
Jacob Kanaster (862), Mary Mattis (4368), Edward Becerril (4771),
and Lillian Granata.
The committee has not yet ascertained the meaning of the numbers
that follow the names of the individuals who apparently head the various
chapters of the Communist International Workers Order.
It appears that a Mitchell Lindemann of the Hollywood Writers'
Mobilization, had been assigned to the job of contacting Communists and
Communist fellow-travelers in the east in connection with legislative
committees investigating un-American activities. Abraham J. Isserman
wrote a letter to Lindemann, obviously in reply to a communication from
Lindemann, in which Isserman outlined current Communist tactics for
260 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
smearing- and obstructing legislative committees, such as the Thomas
Committee. The original Isserman letter is in the Committee's files.
Virginia Gardner, self admitted Communist functionary, also wrote
to Mitchell Lindemann. Her letter, on the stationery of the now defunct
Communist New Masses, is as follows :
"Dear Mr. Lindemann,
' ' I am very much interested in helping expose the Un-American
Activities Committee, and I do have some material in my files but I
cannot send out my clippings, etc., as I may need them at any time.
I am going to New York this next week, however, and will ask the
magazine's circulation department to send you copies of NM in
which articles on the committee appeared last year. There were three
or four. I may find extra copies of Challenge, for which I also write,
in which columns on the committee appeared. If not I will ask them to
supply you with same. (Challenge, 500 Fraternal Bldg., 1405 Glen-
arm Place, Denver 2, Colo.)
1 ' I would have written in reply sooner but your letter was only
forwarded to me from the Daily Worker office in the National Press
Building some weeks after it was sent. Note my address above.
' ' Incidentally, your letter finally arrived at this office open, with
any literature it may have contained missing. I would still like to see
what you sent. So will you send a brochure again ? If you would like
something on the committee after it is reorganized under Thomas,
please let me know, and also whether you can pay for it. I got some-
one to do some research work on Rankin for you a couple of years ago
and it took me about six months to collect money for her pay.
' ' Sincerely,
(Signed) VIRGINIA GARDNER"
The committee is in possession of an original letter written by Dore
Schary, executive director of RKO Studios in Hollywood on the letter-
head of "Vanguard Films, Inc.", Culver City, California. The letter is
dated April 17, 1945 and it reads as follows :
' ' Mr. Emmet Lavery
c/o Mrs. Pauline Lauber
Hollywood Writers Mobilization
1 ' Subject : Writers ' Assignments for Hollywood Bowl
Memorial Program April 23rd
' ' Dear Emmet : I am enclosing herewith a list of the writing
assignments of the Hollywood Bowl Memorial Program to be pre-
sented April 23rd. Following the list of assignments we will state the
tentative continuity for the show. We are rushing these assignments
to you by messenger so that you can contact the writers. The con-
tinuity of the show will follow in a couple of hours after we have
completed work on it. The writers who will do the overall narration
and who will be most concerned with the complete continuity of the
show are Helen Deutsch, Maxwell Anderson and Leonardo Bercovici.
"Mayor Bowron's speech — two and one-half minutes: to be
written by Mary McCall.
"County Representative Smith's speech — two and one-half
minutes : to be written by Maurice Rapf .
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 261
"Federal Judge J. F. T. O'Connor— two and one-half minutes :
to be written by Francis Faragoh.
' ' Governor Earl Warren — five minutes : to be written by Emmet
Lavery. (Note to Mary McGall: Mayor Bowron's speech will open
the program and will include the theme of the program.)
"Dramatization of President Roosevelt's record. The details
of this will be discussed at a general meeting for all the writers — 10
minutes: to be written by Alvah Bessie, Leon Meadows and Abe
Polansky.
"The United Nations Section (this section will also be detailed
at the writers' conference) — 15 minutes : to be written by Vladimir
Pozner and Ring Lardner.
' ' The Human Side of President Roosevelt — five minutes : to be
written by Barry Trivers, Abe Burroughs, Harry Kurnitz and Abe
Polansky.
' ' The section of the program that will segue from the Memorial
to President Roosevelt to the Pledge of Support to President Tru-
man— three minutes : to be written by Paul Green.
"Pledge of Allegiance to the Ideals of Mr. Roosevelt and to the
Future — one minute : to be written by Dalton Trumbo. Introduction
to the Pledge of Allegiance — two minutes : to be written by Dalton
Trumbo.
' ' By the time you get this letter we will have called you on the
telephone and asked for your help in arranging a meeting for all the
writers this afternoon. Thank you.
' ' Sincerely,
( Signed ) DORE SCHARY ' '
The minutes of the Hollywood Writers' Mobilization show that
contact with the Communist front, the American Russian Institute in
Los Angeles, was carried on by Henry Meyers, and showed that Mr.
Meyers was in continuous contact with a Mr. Scurocov of the Communist
organization. Mr. Scurocov was also the Russian Vice Consul in Los
Angeles.
ICOR
This Communist organization is devoted to "the defense of the
Soviet Union," although it purports to be organized in interest of the
Jewish people and, particularly, in Biro-Bidjan, a Jewish colonization
in the Soviet Union. Its official publication is Naileben (New Life).
Herbert Goldfrank, national secretary of the Friends of the Soviet
Union, and Edwin Seaver, managing editor of Soviet Russia Today, in
greetings in Naileben (May, 1935) stated: "It is of special importance
for the Icor and 'New Life' to win to the support of the Soviet Union's
policy of peaceful Socialist Construction the millions of Jewish speaking
Americans."
Among those who have been affiliated in one way or another with
ICOR are the following: James Waterman Wise, A. A. Heller, Anna
Louise Strong, Max Kitzes, Morris Greenbaum, Paul Novick, N. Cikow-
ski, Stuart Davis, Minna Harkavy, William Gropper, Frank C. Kirk,
Louis Lozowick, Phil Reisman, Adolf Wolff, and Sol Wilson.
262 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
INDEPENDENT CITIZENS' COMMITTEE OF THE ARTS,
SCIENCES AND PROFESSIONS
This Communist front grew out of the Independent Voters Com-
mittee of the Arts and Sciences. The Senate Committee has a copy of a
letter under date of March 12, 1945, signed by Jo Davidson, on the letter-
head of the Independent Citizens ' Committee of the Arts, Sciences and
Professions. The headquarters is listed as the Hotel Astor in New York
City and Hannah Dorner is named as Administrative Director. The letter
is as follows :
' ' Gentlemen :
"We ask you to join in meeting the greatest challenge ever
presented to the people of this country. Now that the elections are
over, we are faced with the enormous task of securing the peace and
a democratic, prosperous postwar America.
"We the people have demonstrated in the election that our
political future Is in our own hands. One of the lessons of the war is
that politics is no remote science indulged in by a few people, but is a
force that determines our day to day life. We cannot, therefore,
remain aloof from it. It requires our day to day participation.
1 1 The Independent Citizens Committee of the Arts, Sciences and
Professions is being established for this purpose. It is an outgrowth
of the Independent Voters Committee of the Arts and Sciences
for Roosevelt which made a major contribution to the reelection of
President Roosevelt. Through that Committee we saw how effective
we in the arts, sciences and professions, with our talents and our
influences, could be.
' ' We invite you to become a member of this organization. The
enclosed brochure gives our platform and our working program.
Your support, and that of your colleagues, is the measure of our
strength and effectiveness in shaping our postwar world.
1 ' Will you, therefore, fill in the enclosed membership card and
return it to us ?
"Yours sincerely,
(Signed) Jo DAVIDSON"
The letterhead lists Frederic March as treasurer and Herman Shum-
lin as chairman of the finance committee.
The board of directors is composed of William Rose Benet, Van
Wyck Brooks, Louis Calhern, Marc (Jonnelly, Morris Llewellyn Cooke,
Norman Corwin, Bartley Crum, Dr. Moses Diamond, Donald Du Shane,
Prof. Albert Einstein, Florence Eldridge (Mrs. Frederic March), Moss
Hart, Lillian Hellman, Mrs. Beatrice Kaufman, Dr. Frank Kingdon,
John T. McManus, Dr. Alonzo F. Myers, Dr. John P. Peters, Paul
Robeson, Dr. Harlow Shapeley, and Herman Shumlin.
The Initiating Sponsors of the Independent Citizens ' Committee of
the Arts, Sciences and Professions are listed as follows : Louis Adamic,
Franklin P. Adams, Mary McLeod Bethune, Dr. Ernst P. Boas, Louis
Bouche, James Cagney, Henry Seidel Canby, Dr. Walter B. Cannon,
Eddie Cantor, Mady Christians, Rufus F. Clement, Aaron Copland,
Thomas Craven, Russel Grouse, Marcia Davenport, Betty Davis, Agnes
De Mille, Olin Dowries, Guy Pene duBois, Philip Evergood, Henry Pratt
UN-AMEEICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 263
Fairchild, Howard Fast, Edna Ferber, William S. Gailmor, Ben Graner,
Oscar Hammerstein, Miriam Hopkins, Langston Hughes, Leon Kroll,
Canada Lee, Max Lerner, Peter Lyon, Fritz Mahler, Thomas Mann,
Dorothy May nor, Lowell Mellett, Yehudi Menuhin, Dr. Alfred E. Mir-
sky, William Morris, Nelson Poynter, Dr. Walter Rautenstrauch, Dr.
Fritz Reiner, Boardman Robinson, Edward G. Robinson, Robert Rossen,
Artur Schnabel, M. Lincoln Schuster, John Sloan, Raphael Soyer, Dr.
Vilhjalmur Stefansson, Alfred Strelsin, Mark Van Doren, Max Weber,
Orson Welles, and William Zorach.
INSTITUTE FOR DEMOCRATIC EDUCATION, INC.
Headquarters of this organization are located at 415 Lexington
Avenue, New York City, according to a letter of July 2, 1947, signed
by Harold Franklin, program director.
The letter in question was addressed to program directors of many
radio stations in the United States. The letter offers each radio station
a series of thirteen 15-minute transcribed dramatic programs, without
charge. The name of the series is "Lest We Forget — The American
Dream." The letter, in part, reads as follows:
"We believe this to be the finest of the eleven Lest We Forget
series produced by our organization. Helen Hayes, Frederic March,
Paul Lukas and other top-flight stars have contributed their out-
standing talent to the colorful stories of about every day Americans
working for realization of the American dream of freedom. Programs
were directed by Earle McGill and were recorded by the National
Broadcasting Company. * * * If your station wishes to schedule
Lest We Forget — the American Dream, please fill in and return
the enclosed post card and a set of the transcriptions will be sent
to you.
A report in the files of the Committee on the Institute for Demo-
cratic Education, in part, reads as follows :
' ' The organization has been in existence about eight years.
"It is financed by private contributions from interested indi-
viduals and organizations.
• * Currently, the institute 's radio transcriptions are 13 in num-
ber. They are listed and described briefly in Exhibit 1 of this dossier.
"The leading figure in the Institute is one Harold Franklin.
In 1935, the Communist Party held a conference in Washington,
D. C. The gathering was known as the National Emergency Con-
ference Against the Government Wage Program. Harold Franklin
was a member of the resolutions committee of this conference. All
of the leaders of the conference were well-known Communist Party
members. Today, Harold Franklin is program director of the Insti-
tute for Democratic Education.
1 ' The director of the institute is Howard M. Le Sourd. Le Sourd
was a sponsor of the Communist-front organization known as the
Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee, whose leaders were recently
convicted for contempt of Congress.
264 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
"Many of the members of the board of governors of the insti-
tute, as well as actors who have made the organization 's transcrip-
tions, have long records of affiliation with Communist fronts.
Outstanding among these Communist fellow-travelers are Norman
Corwin, Canada Lee, Frederic March, Daniel Marsh, and Clyde K.
Miller. * * *
"So extensive are the Communist-front affiliations of the per-
sonnel of the Institue for Democratic Education, as evidenced by
the documents in this dossier, there can be no doubt that this
organization is one of the insidious ways in which the left-wing has
penetrated radio broadcasting.
"The radio transcriptions of the institute follow the line of
the Communist Party with the strictest fidelity.
"The line of the Communist Party includes incessant propa-
ganda to the effect that Fascism is rampant in the United States.
This line is designed to lure the unwary toward Communism as a
defense against 'Hitlerism.' Through all the media available to the
Communist Party propagandists, there is an attempt to spread the
idea that forces of Fascism are everywhere entrenched. The radio
transcriptions for the Institute for Democratic Education present
this same distorted conception. For example, radio transcription
No. 2 (of the institute) 'Blow That Whistle' presents a scene in
which a member of a club is sentenced to '20 lashes' because he called
a Jewish doctor. This is not true to the facts of American life.
It is, however, true to the line of Communist Party propaganda.
"It is very significant that this Communist outfit is about to
put its propaganda on 710 radio stations.
"It should ~be noted that there is not a single sentence or word
against Communism in the transcriptions of this organization.
" 'Democratic education' featured in the title of the outfit,
ought to include some education against the anti-democratic char-
acter of Communism. But of this kind of education, there is not a
word. This fact is a dead give-away.
' ' The Institute for American Democracy is interlocked with the
Institute for Democratic Education. The two institutes collaborate
in the series of 13 radio transcriptions which were * produced at the
National Broadcasting Company'. Both institutes have numerous
known Communists on their governing bodies, but this is a situation
to be found in all Communist-front organizations.
"For instance, Norman Corwin is a member of the board or a
sponsor on 17 different organizations which are anti-Facist and
pro-Communist. Canada Lee has affiliations with 21 such organiza-
tions. Some of these organizations have gone by the board today
and others have been grouped together to form fairly active pro-
Communist groups.
' * The stations in New York which have carried this transcribed
series are WNEW, WNYC, WEVD, WBNX. None of them are
network affiliations ; only WNEW has much standing. " * * *
Howard M. Le Sourd, dean of Boston University, is listed as the
director of the Institute for Democratic Education. He is listed as a
sponsor of an affair for the Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee,
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 265
along with such faithfuls as Zlatko Balokovic, Max Bedacht, Lillian Hell-
man, Ring Lardner, Jr., John Howard Lawson, Vito Marcantonio,
George Seldes, Carey Me Williams, Gale Sondergaard, Donald Ogden
Stewart, and Orson Welles.
INTERNATIONAL JURIDICAL ASSOCIATION
This Communist front is closely associated with the " legal arm of
the Communist Party/' the International Labor Defense. From its
inception, the International Juridical Association has specialized in the
defense of individual Communists or of the Communist Party itself. It
has followed the Communist Party line without deviation.
Among those affiliated with the International Juridical Association
are the following: George R. Andersen, Harry Elmer Barnes, Paul F.
Brissenden, Joseph R. Brodsky, Richard A. Dowling, Arthur Fisher,
Osmond K. Fraenkel, Leo Gallagher, Aubrey Grossman, Pearl M. Hart,
Robert L. Hale, Isaac S. Heller, Abraham J. Isserman, Isadore Katz,
Robert W. Kenny, Paul J. Kern, Carol King, Joseph Kovner, Max
Lowenthal, Jerome Michael, Louis F. McCabe, Carey Me Williams, Shad
Polier, Lee Pressman, Colston E. Warne, A. L. Wirin, Nathan Witt,
David Ziskind, Isaac E. Ferguson, Yetta Land, Maurice Sugar, David
J. Bentall, John P. Davis, Charles H. Houston, Henry T. Hunt, R. W.
Henderson, Austin Lewis, and Clara G. Binswanger.
George R. Andersen, David J. Bentall, Joseph R. Brodsky, John
P. Davis, Leo Gallagher, Irvin Goodman, Carol Weiss King, Edward
Lamb, Yetta Land, Louis F. McCabe, Herbert T. Wechsler, Ruth Wey-
and, Samuel L. Rothbard, and Abraham Lincoln Wirin, are all con-
nected with both the International Labor Defense and the International
Juridical Association.
INTERNATIONAL LABOR DEFENSE
This Communist front organization was termed "the legal arm of
the Communist Party " by Attorney General Francis Biddle in his mem-
oranda addressed to the heads of the Departments of the Federal Govern-
ment on May 7, 1942.
The committees of the Legislature investigating un-American
activities in California learned early in its study that this organization
was an important Communist group. It was established as the result
of a decision by the Fourth Congress of the Communist International
held in Moscow, November 7 to December 3, 1922. All Communist Parties
were instructed to establish organizations for the purpose of giving aid
to "imprisoned victims of capitalism/' In response to this directive,
the International Red Aid, with affiliations in most European countries,
was established. It was under the leadership of the Communist Inter-
national. The affiliates of the International Red Aid were Secours Rouge
International in France, Osterreiche Rote Hilfe in Austria, Interna-
tionalale Rote Hilfe in Germany, Internationale Roode Hulp in Holland,
and the International Labor Defense in the United States. (Labor
Defender, January, 1932; December, 1929.)
Among the known Communists serving in elected positions of the
International Labor Defense are Robert W. Dunn, Bishop William
Montgomery Brown, E. R. Meitzen, Ralph Chaplin, Jacob Dolla, James
266 UN- AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
P. Cannon, George Maurer, William F. Dunne, Cora Meyers, William
Mollenhauer, Robert Minor, Harrison George, William Z. Foster, Rose
Karsner, Rose Baron, C. E. Ruthenberg, Benjamin Gitlow, Dan Stevens,
Fred Merrick, Lovett Fort- Whitman, J. 0. Bentall, Max Bedacht, and
Fred Biedenkapp.
The International Labor Defense has followed the Communist Party
line and the defense of the Soviet Union meticulously.
Among those who have been affiliated with the International Labor
Defense are the following : Elizabeth Gurley Flynn, Karl Reeve, Upton
Sinclair, Scott Nearing, Alice Stone Blackwell, Ellen Hayes, David
Rhys Williams, Fred Mann, II. W. L. Dana, Robert Morss Lovett, Emil
Arnold, Ella Reeve Bloor, Paul Crouch, Earl Browder, William J. White,
Clarina Michelson, William Pickens, Alfred Wagenknecht, Vito Mar-
cantonio, William L. Patterson, Elaine Black, Anna Damon, Louis Col-
man, George R. Andersen, Ben Davis, Jr., John P. Davis, J. Allen
Frankel, Leo Gallagher, Irvin Goodman, Grover C. Johnson, Carol King,
Edward Kuntz, Edward Lamb, Yetta Land, Louis F. McCabe, Prof.
Herbert T. Wechsler, Saul C. Waldbaum, A. L. Wirin, Clarence Hath-
away, Angelo Herndon, Rockwell Kent, La Rue McCormick, Robert
Parker, James Waterman Wise, Max Bedacht, James W. Ford, Mrs.
J. C. Guggenheimer, J. B. McNamara, Bruce Minton, Tom Mooney,
Samuel Ornitz, Joseph Pass, Louis Thompson, Maude White, Anita C.
Whitney, Robert Dunn, Sasha Small, Martha B. Chadwick, Evelyn C.
Hyman, Frieda Burke, Reuben E. Cohen, Isidore Ostroff, Lawrence
Potamkin, Abraham Coppelman, Irving Crane, Bob Wirtz, Leah Teitel,
Beulah Learned, Mary Ostrow, Eva Curtis, Max Kreman, Harry Malkin,
Isaac Shoor, Agnes Htndricks, and Herbert Nugent.
J. Louis Engdahl, Sender Garlin, Joseph North, William L. Patter-
son, and Sasha Small have been editors of the International Labor
Defense publication, Labor Defender. Chester A. Arthur, Jr., was
Pacific Coast editor in 1937. Others who have been connected with the
Labor Defender are : Louis Colman, Henri Barbusse, Jacob Purck, Whit-
taker Chambers, Robert W. Dunn, Maxim Gorki, Eugene Gordon, Hugo
Gillert, Josephine Herbst, Grace Hutchins, Melvin P. Levy, Esther
Lowell, Joseph Pass, Paul Peters, Ludwig Renn, Lincoln Steffens, Charles
Rumford Walker, Walker Wilson, Cyril Briggs, Harry Gannes, Robert
Minor, Joseph Vogel, Frank Spector, Nathan Asch, Anna Damon, Ned
Hilton, Grace Lumpkin, Jerre Mangione, Maurice Rosenfield, Jack
Conroy, Langston Hughes, John Howard Lawson, and Waldo Frank.
Leo Gallagher has been an important Communist member of Inter-
national Labor Defense. On June 2, 1941, a Communist inspired testi-
monial banquet in honor of Leo Gallagher was staged at the Wilshire
Bowl in Los Angeles. Gallagher, in addition to other Communist activi-
ties, has been active for many years in defense of Communists and Com-
munist causes and the testimonial dinner was tendered him in recogni-
tion of his services in this field. On June 2, 1941, the Stalin-Hitler Pact
was still in effect and the Communist Party vigorously opposed entry of
the United States into the war. The People's Daily World for June 4,
1941, states:
"Reminding of the forces trying to inject the United States into
the tragic struggle of the imperialist war, Gallagher said : * In these
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 267
days it is necessary for all of us to take our place and recognize our
responsibility to defend and protect the civil liberties of all wherever
they may be attacked. * * *' At the present time the windmills of
hysteria are directed mainly against the Communist Party and it
is our duty then * * * regardless of our political opinions * * * to
defend the rights of the Communist Party'."
Among the sponsors of this testimonial dinner in honor of Commu-
nist Leo Gallagher were Assemblyman Augustus Hawkins, Judge Stanley
Moffat, Carey Me Williams, Herbert K. Sorrell, Ernest Dawson, A. May-
mudes, Clore Warne, Philip M. Connelly, Reuben Borough, Charles Katz,
and Robert W. Kenny. Katz, of the law firm of Katz, Gallagher and
Margolis, was the toastmaster for the dinner. Among those who gave
testimonials to Gallagher were Anita Whitney, State chairman of the
Communist Party ; Reuben Borough, Philip M. Connelly, Judge Stanley
Moffat, Communist Theodore Dreiser, Communist Sam Ornitz, and Com-
munist Herbert Biberman.
INTERNATIONAL WORKERS ORDER
This Communist-front has been investigated by the California legis-
lative committees investigating un-American activities on a number of
occasions. (See committee's 1943, 1945, and 1947 reports.)
The Daily Worker for September 29, 1941, reported that the Inter-
national Workers Order had a membership at that time of 155,000 and
assets of $1,889,611. It purports to be a fraternal organization.
The International Workers Order claims over 19,000 branches in the
United States. Max Bedacht, former general secretary of the organization,
testified before a Congressional Committee that the income of the organ-
ization exceeded $1,000,000 a year. He also testified that the organization
operates in 44 states, the District of Columbia, and Canada.
Max Bedacht was general secretary of the Communist Party of the
United States in 1929. He was a former editor of the Communist, the
official theoretical organ of the Communist Party. He has been a delegate
to various congresses of the Communist International. He has been a
member of the executive committee of the Communist International. He
is a former editor of Soviet Russia, a pictorial, official organ of the Friends
of Soviet Russia. He was a Communist Party candidate for United States
Senate in New York. He has been a member of the national executive
committee of the American League for Peace and Democracy. He has
been a member of the national committee of the International Labor
Defense.
In his testimony before the congressional committee, Max Bedacht
admitted his belief in the superiority of the Soviet Constitution over
the American Constitution and refused to declare whether he would
support the United States in the event of a war with the Soviet Union.
He stated that he emphatically believed "that the decision of the Com-
munist International must be executed loyally."
The International Workers Order has followed the Communist
Party line without deviation and has supported all Communist causes
in the United States. It has stood behind the foreign policy of Soviet
Russia and followed the treacherous twists of Communist diplomacy
during the Stalin-Hitler Pact. The organization has openly supported
268 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Communist candidates for public office and openly and actively supports
the Communist press.
Among those affiliated with the International Workers Order are
William Weiner, Max Bedacht, R. Saltzman, Louise Thompson, Sam
Pevzner, Joseph Foster, Paul Duchon, Petrus Deseu, D. Kasustchick,
Elvira Mingroni, Winko Ujoich, Sadie Doran, Joseph Brodsky, Peter
Shipka, J. H. Federman, L. Gukowsky, S. F. Stone, Juanita Johnson,
M. Torchenko, Jesse Smith, S. Davidson, C. Rosselle, J. Brier, Paul
Stukovsky, George E. Powers, George Primoff, Hank Johnson, Samuel
C. Patterson, Ann Richards, N. Honig, Aaron Bloom, Arnold Stanley,
Nathan Shaffer, Charles Kellner, Phil Rosengarten, Rubin Salzman,
Jerry Trauber, Emanuel Levin, and Anthony Gerlach.
During the Stalin-Hitler Pact the International Workers Order
sponsored a public rally at 111 Jones Street in San Francisco. Carey
Me Williams endorsed the " rally" and leaflets invited the public to
"come and hear true people's representatives tell why" San Francisco
didn't want "Mr. Dies" or his committee. Among those who were to
speak were Ellis E. Patterson, Edward D. Gallagher, Germain Bulcke,
Ellsworth Replogle, and Philip Gardner, organizer for the International
Workers Order. The "New World Quartette" was scheduled to sing
Mike Quinn's "The Yanks Are Not Coming" song.
Rockwell Kent is a member of the Lincoln Steffens Lodge 500 of
the International Workers Order.
The International Workers Order is very active in California and
is supported by many Communists and Communist fellow-travelers,
such as Judge Stanley Moffat.
One of the most brazen Communist radio programs is heard over
Radio Station KXLA, Los Angeles, on Sunday morning at 10 a.m. It is
called the Slavic Council Radio Program.
The committee is in possession of the script of a program for Sunday,
February 8, 1948. The station announcer begins as follows :
"Slavic Council of Los Angeles presents this two hundred and
seventy -fourth Slavic Radio Program, brought to you each Sunday
over this station from 10 to 10.30 a.m. The Slavic Council strives
to unite all Americans of Slavic origin, Croats, Serbs, Bulgarians,
Macedonians, Poles, Montnegrees, Russians, Czechoslovaks and
Ukranians, for the purpose of national unity, cultural education
and to promote everlasting peace and to this purpose the following
program is dedicated. This morning's program is presented by the
Russian group of the Slavic Council. Mr. Alexis Alexeed is in charge
of the program. The music on this program is transcribed."
Alexis Alexeed speaks both in English and Russian. The opening
musical number is a song by the Red Army Chorus.
On the second page ©f the script the announcer, Mr. Schofield,
interrupts to announce that "The Slavic Council is grateful for the
generous support given by the French Sardine Company of San Pedro,
packers of Starkist Tuna."
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES JN CALIFORNIA 269
Then follows a " Calendar of E vents. " It appears that "Mr. Scho-
field" is assigned this job. The first event for the program of Sunday,
February 8, 1948, is as follows :
"Slav Council of Los Angeles will have a special meeting
Friday, February 13th, at 3300 City Terrace Drive, and there will
be an annual election of officers for the current term.
"Valentine vecherinka will take place on Saturday, February
14th, at 8 p.m., at 3300 City Terrace Drive. Good meeting and good
food — everybody welcome. Sponsored by the American Ukranian
Lodge of I.W.O.
"Valentine Dance given by the English speaking lodge, I.W.O.
4306, February 14th. Dancing starts at 7.30 p.m. The music of
Mic Gvorak and His Variety Rhythm Boys, 330 South Ford Boule-
vard, Saturday night, February 14th.
"On Washington's Birthday, February 22d, subscribers to
Narodni Glasnik, sponsoring an affair for Editor G. Minarich, who
has just returned from Jugoslavia with motion pictures taken in
Jugoslavia, to be shown after the banquet in the evening of the 22d.
Also a meeting in the afternoon — that's February 22d, American
Croatian Hall, 230 South Ford Boulevard. An interesting evening.
' ' Mr. Minarich, editor of Narodni Glasnik, will also appear at
the Jugoslav Hall on February 21st at 17 Palos Verdes Street,
San Pedro.
"Saturday, February 28th, 7.00 p.m. Serbian I WO (Glas
Noroda) having Old Country Dinner at 330 South Ford Boulevard,
American Croatian Hall. That's February 28th, Saturday,
7.00 P. M."
The entire broadcast, of course, follows the current Communist
Party line. One paragraph, the Committee believes, will indicate the
general Communist propaganda trend:
' ' Since the Second World War the imperialist monopolies have
been trying to enslave smaller countries economically and to take
advantage of their postwar economic weakness. Under the pretext of
economic and financial aid, they are trying to rob them of their
economic — and, at the same time, of their political, independence.
The Soviet Union, true to its policy of voluntary and equal coopera-
tion with nations, exposes the aggressive character of such schemes
as the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan. ' '
Thus, the International Workers Order, through its segregated lan-
guage lodges, mobilizes for the revolution in the United States.
JEFFERSON SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE
This Communist school is the New York City counterpart of the
California Labor School in San Francisco and the People's Educational
Center in Los Angeles. It opened its first term in February of 1944 at
575 Sixth Avenue. The formation of the Jefferson School of Social
Science is the result of a merger of two other educational institutions
which are indisputably under the control of the Communist Party, namely
the Workers School and the School for Democracy. Lyman R. Bradley,
270 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Frederick V. Field, A. A. Heller, Lewis Merrill, Walter Rautenstrauch,
Harry Sacher, Margaret Schlauch, Dirk J. Struik, Alexander Trachten-
berg, and Max Yergan constituted the organizing committee of the Jef-
ferson School of Social Science. The director of the school is Howard
Selsam, who was dismissed from his teaching position in a New York
school on the grounds that he was a member of the Communist Party.
( Selsam 's Communist Party name is "Hill.")
Among the instructors and guest lecturers of the Jefferson School
of Social Science are the following: Louis Boudin, Henrietta Buck-
master, Morris Cohen, Bella V. Dodd, Robert Dunn, Osmond K. Fraenkel,
Max Granich, Horace Grenell, A. J. Isserman, Edward Kuntz, Corliss
Lamont, Alain Locke, William M. Malisoff, Vito Marcantonio, Walter
Scott Neif, Benjamin Paskoff, Lee Pressman, Michael J. Quill, Walter
Rautenstrauch, Earl Robinson, I. Rosenberg, Harry Sacher, Morris U.
Schappes, Howard Selsam, Samuel Sillen, Vilhjalmur Stefansson, Bern-
hard J. Stern, Marc Stone, Paul Strand, Maxwell N. Weisman, Alden
Whitman, Nathan Witt, Benedict Wolf, Victor Yakhontoff, Max Yergan,
and Ruth Young.
JOHN REED CLUBS
The John Reed Clubs are Communist organizations named in honor
of John Reed who was one of the earliest Communist leaders in the
United States. Reed died in Russia shortly after the Bolshevik revolu-
tion and his ashes are interred in the Kremlin in Moscow7.
Among those who have been connected with the John Reed Clubs
are the following : Sherwood Anderson, Emjo Baashe, Franz Boas, Alter
Brody, Samuel Brody, Ralph Cheyney, Ann Coles, Malcolm Cowley,
Robert W. Dunn, Fred Ellis, Kenneth Fearing, Waldo Frank, Harry
Freeman, Hugo Gellert, Michael Gold, Horace Gregory, William
Gropper, Jack Hardy, Arthur Garfield Hays, Josephine Herbst, Joseph
Kaphan, Ellen A. Kennan, C. D. Ketcham, Frank Kingdon, Alfred
Kreymborg, Joshua Kunitz, Melvin P. Levy, Louis Lozowick, Grace
Lumpkin, A. B. Magil, Scott Nearing, Joseph North, M. J. Olgin, Joseph
Pass, Morris Pass, Harry A. Potamkin, Anton Refregier, Boardman
Robinson, Anna Rochester, Anna Rosenberg, Julius Rosenthal, Isidor
Schneider, Edwin Seaver, Upton Sinclair, Herman Spector, Genevieve
Taggard, Art Young, and William Zarach.
JOINT ANTI-FASCIST REFUGEE COMMITTEE
The Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee was formed in March
of 1942 through the merger of the American Committee to Save Refugees,
the Exiled Writers Committee of the League of American Writers, and
the United American Spanish Aid Committee.
Directly related, organizationally or historically, with the Joint
Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee, are the following Communist front
organizations: American Committee to Save Refugees, Exiled Writers
Committee of the League of American Writers, American Committee
for Spanish Freedom, American Rescue Ship Commission, Coordinating
Committee to Lift the Embargo, Medical Bureau to Aid Spanish Democ-
racy, Medical Bureau and North American Committee to Aid Spanish
Democracy, and Spanish Refugee Appeal.
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 271
The sponsors and officers of the Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Com-
mittee, with a few exceptions, are admitted Communists and fellow-
travelers. The policy of this group, and its associated Spanish organiza-
tions, is in concert with the foreign policy of the Soviet Union.
The Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee maintains national offices
at 425 Fourth Avenue in New York City. Doctor Edward K. Barsky is
National Chairman and Helen R. Bryan is National Executive Secretary.
The national sponsors are: Comfort A. Adams, Benjamin Algase,
Rabbi Michael Alper, Professor Joseph Warren Beach, Dr. Henry
Lambert Bibby, Professor G. A. Borgese, Jean L. Bowie, James L.
Brewer, Professor Harold Chapman Brown, Professor J. F. Brown, Dr.
Walter B. Cannon, Rufus E. Clement, Professor Richard T. Cox, Kyle
Crichton, Rev. Theodore De Luca, Martha Dodd, Muriel Draper, Julien
Duvivier, Dr. Frederick May Eliot, Dr. Henry Pratt Fairchild, Lion
Feuchtwanger, Professor Irving Fisher, Professor Mitchell Franklin,
Rev. Stephen H. Fritchman, Dr. Rudolph Ganz, Professor Marion Hath-
way, Kenneth Leslie, Princess Helgo zu Loewenstein, Rev. Donald G.
Lothrop, Dr. Robert Morss Lovett, Helen M. Lynd, Heinrich Mann,
George Marshall, Professor Kirtley F. Mather, Louis F. McCabe, Philip
Merivale, Harvey O'Connor, Rt. Rev. Edward L. Parsons, Dr. Max
Pinner, Professor Renato Poggioli, F. M. Pottenger, Bertha C. Reynolds,
Professor William Gorham Rice, Jr., Ralph Roeder, Dr. Annette T.
Rubinstein, Professor Edwin P. Ryland, Professor Rudolph Schevill,
Georges Schreiber, Dean Vido 0. Scudder, Professor Harlow Shapley,
Professor L. J. Stadler, Dalton Trumbo, Rev. Charles C. Webber, Pro-
fessor F. W. Weymouth, Dame May Whitty, Dr. Mary E. Woolley, Dr.
Max Yergan, and Art Young.
Contributions for building the Remain Rolland Ward of the Anti-
Fascist Hospital is to be directed to Louis Bromfield, care of the Joint
Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee, 8505 Sunset Boulevard, Hollywood
46, California.
Another Communist front in this field is the Action Committee to
Free Spain. This organization is headed by Milton Wolff, formerly of
the Abraham Lincoln Brigade. Its offices are at 55 West 42d Street in
New York City. It maintains branches throughout the country.
The Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee also maintains offices
at 192 Lexington Avenue in New York City. Walter Rautenstrauch is
honorary chairman. The Hollywood headquarters is located at 8505
Sunset Boulevard and an office is maintained at 206 South Spring Street,
Los Angeles, in charge of Helen M. Fisher. The San Francisco address
is 68 Post Street, in charge of Mrs. Marion Owens. The Oakland address
is 1615 Broadway, in charge of Mrs. Inez Schuyten.
Much of the financing of the Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee
is undertaken by the Communist front, the International Workers Order.
It should be unnecessary to add that the only refugees in whom this
front has shown interest are Communist refugees.
JOINT COMMITTEE NATIONAL NEGRO CONGRESS AND
UNITED PUBLIC WORKERS
This Communist front apparently functioned to assist Dr. Claude
Hudson's campaign for election to the Board of Education in 1947.
272 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
It maintained headquarters at 1051 East 41st Street in Los Angeles;
telephone 4043.
A pamphlet announced a mass meeting for Sunday, May 25, 1947
at the CIO Building, 5851 Avalon Boulevard, Los Angeles, and listed
Dr. Claude Hudson, Leo Gallagher, and Harry S. Jung, as the speakers.
Harry S. Jung is the International Representative of the Com-
munist United Public Workers, C.I.O.
LABOR'S NON-PARTISAN LEAGUE
The legislative committees investigating un-American activities in
California have reported at considerable length on this Communist front
in previous reports.
The group came into existence before the war. It supported Presi-
dent Roosevelt and the New Deal until the Stalin-Hitler Pact when, in
accordance with Communist Party policy, it became an isolation group,
opposing the United States' participation in the war and aid to the
allies. It was one of the first Communist fronts to adopt the Communist-
inspired C.I.O. slogan "The Yanks Are Not Coming."
Herbert K. Sorrell was the state president of this organization dur-
ing the Stalin-Hitler Pact, and he vigorously opposed the reelection of
President Roosevelt in 1940. He denounced him as a "war-monger," and
declared that he was leading the United States into the "imperialist"
war.
Don Healy, husband of Dorothy Healy (formerly Dorothy Ray,
now organizing secretary for the Communist Party of Los Angeles
County), was one of the important Communist leaders in Labor's Non-
Partisan League.
In the California primary election held on May 7, 1940, a slate of
delegates to the National Democratic Convention was placed before the
California electorate. This slate of delegates was called the "Patterson
Slate" and was headed by Ellis E. Patterson. This slate of delegates
opposed a third term for Roosevelt, opposed aid to England and was
strictly isolationist. It meticulously followed the Communist Party line
and was openly in sympathy with the aims of the Party. The principal
plank in the "Patterson Slate" platform was: "No Men — No Arms —
No Loans to Foreign Powers. Stop Intrigue Leading Us Into War.
(Remember 1916?)"
Herbert K. Sorrell, Carey Me Williams, Philip M. Connelly, Frank
Scully and Reuben Borough were candidates on the "Patterson Slate,"
Communist Party line delegation.
LAWYERS COMMITTEE TO KEEP THE UNITED STATES OUT OF WAR
This Communist front, of course, was organized for the purpose of
supporting the Stalin-Hitler Pact. The headquarters of the group was
in New York City at 20 Vesey Street. The chairman was Louis F. McCabe.
The treasurer was Harold I. Cammer, and the secretary was Alfred L.
Tanz. The vice chairmen of the organization, listed on the letterhead, are
as follows: Russell N. Chase, Pearl M. Hart, Minna F. Kassner, Leo
J. Linder, Elmer McClain, Clifford D. 0 'Brien, Harold M. Sawyer, and
Maurice Sugar.
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 273
LEAGUE AGAINST IMPERIALISM
The Communist front, League Against Imperialism, was organized in
Chicago in April, 1928. The provisional committee was composed of Wil-
liam H. Holly, Chairman; Ray Koerner, Vice Chairman; and Helene
Woolf, Secretary. Harry Gannes was secretary of the Chicago section
of the All- American Anti-Imperialist League.
The committee of the League Against Imperialism was composed
of Anacleto Almenana, Zonia Baber, John Belowski, Clarence Darrow,
Henry Duel, Arthur Fisher, A. Gans, Sam Herman, Lillian Herstein, T.
Y. Hu, Sun Yat Sen, Peter Jensen, Arnufo E. Jimenez, Benito Juarez,
Dr. John A. Lapp, Prof. Robert Morss Lovett, C. J. Martell, Walter
Rienfeld, F. Scriben, Mordecai Shulman, Ames Swabeck, Otto Wangerin,
and Dr. David Rhys Williams.
This front is also referred to as the Chicago All- American Anti-
Imperialist League.
LEAGUE OF AMERICAN WRITERS
This Communist front has been covered in detail in the Committee 's
1945 Report. The Communist character of this organization has been
proved by overwhelming evidence.
The Committee, in its 1947 Report, pointed out that the call for the
first Writers' Congress (out of which came the League of American
Writers), stated that the Congress was intended for writers "who have
clearly indicated their sympathy for the revolutionary cause ; who do not
need to be convinced of the decay of capitalism, of the inevitability of
revolution. ' '
Joseph Freeman, former editor of the New Masses, stated that "the
Communist says frankly : art, an instrument in the class struggle, must
be developed by the Proletariat as one of its weapons. ' '
Edwin Seaver, speaker for the League of American Writers, and
writer for the Daily Worker and New Masses, said:
1 1 1 believe the time is fast approaching when we will no longer
classify authors as Proletarian writers and fellow-travelers, but as
party writers and non-party writers. ' '
Among those who have been affiliated with the League of American
Writers and its congresses are Louis Adamic, William Rose Benet,
James B. Carey, Ben Hecht, Langston Hughes, Max Lerner, Frances
J. McConnell, Carey Me Williams, George Soule, J. Raymond Walsh,
Orson Welles, A. F. Whitney, James Welterman Weiss, Alan Calmer,
Matthew Josephson, Walt Carmon, Agnes Smedley, Norman Macleod,
Theodore Dreiser, Waldo Frank, William N. Jones, Eugene Gordon,
Countee Cullen, Malcolm Cowley, John Hermann, Michael Gold, Scott
Nearing, Earl Browder, Newton Arvin, Granville Hicks, Kyle S. Crich-
ton, Eliner Rice, John Spivak, Robert Morss Lovett, Emjo Basshe, Jack
Conroy, Ed Falkowski, Kenneth Fearing, Joseph Freeman, Horace
Gregory, Josephine Herbst, Joseph Kalar, J. Kunitz, Melvin P. Levy,
Mary Heaton Vorse, Fielding Burke, Edwin Seaver, Paul Peters, Manuel
Gomez, Grace Lumpkin, Albert Maltz, George Sklar, Ben Field, Nathaniel
West, James T. Farrell, Edward Newhouse, Leane Zugsmith, Edward
19— L-7088-D
274 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Dahlberg, Herbert Kline, Oakley Johnson, Corliss Lament, Anna Louise
Strong, Erskine Caldwell, Louis Zara, Josephine Johnson, Albert Halper,
Myra Page, Eugene Clay, Sterling Brown, Richard Wright, Harold
Clurman, Paul Strand, H. H. Lewis, Edwin Wolfe, Isaidor Schneider,
Alfred Hayes, Stanley Burnshaw, Ruth Lechlitner, John Howard Law-
son, Samuel Ornitz, Michael Blankfort, Ford Maddox Ford, Tillie
Lerner, Alexander Trachtenberg, Bob Brown, Nelson Algren, Meridel
Le Seuer, Wallace Phelps, Earl Sydnor, Kenneth Burke, Alfred Kreym-
borg, Genevieve Taggard, Merle Colby, Robert Herrick, Orrick Johns,
Clifford Odets, William Rollins, Maxwell Bodenheim, Joseph Opatoshu,
Leonard S. Mins, John Wesley, and Lester Cole.
Lester Cole has a long Communist record. Louis J. Russell, former
member of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, testified before the
Thomas Committee in Washington, D. C., on October 30, 1947, that Lester
Cole was a member of the Communist Party and held card number 47226.
Cole 's Communist Party registration card, according to Louis J. Russell,
contained a notation : "New card issued on December 16, 1944."
The Communist record of Cole is set forth at page 490 of the con-
gressional report. It corroborates the information in the files of the Senate
committee, and is as follows :
While the records of this committee do not indicate that Lester Cole
has publicly admitted membership in the Communist Party, it is known
that he has supported a Communist Party candidate for election. The
People's World of October 22, 1942, page 2, and October 31, 1942, page
3, reveals that Lester Cole supported LaRue McCormick, the Communist
Party candidate for the office of State Senator in California from the
Thirty-eighth Senatorial District, Los Angeles County.
Lester Cole has revealed his sympathies with the Soviet Union as
witnessed by his signature to the statement made by American Progres-
sives in defense of the Moscow trials. (See Daily Worker, April 28, 1938.)
The Moscow trials aroused world-wide condemnation. They were charac-
terized by forced confessions and were staged as political demonstrations
rather than trials in our sense of the term.
The Hollywood Reporter, edited and owned by William Wilkerson,
charged Lester Cole with holding Communist Party membership book
No. 46805 in the northwest (propaganda) section of the Communist
Party, according to the Hollywood Reporter of August 19, 1946. To the
best knowledge of this committee, this charge was never denied or refuted
by Mr. Cole.
The Communist press was active in the support of the petition for
the pardon of Festus Coleman, of which Lester Cole was a signer, accord-
ing to the People's World, November 24, 1942, page 1.
The League of American Writers, an affiliate of the International
Union of Revolutionary Writers, with headquarters in Moscow, has been
pledged to defend the Soviet Union and ' ' use of art as an instrument in
the class struggle. ' ' On three occasions it was cited as a Communist front
by the Special Committee on Un-American Activities (reports of January
3, 1940, June 25, 1942, and March 29, 1944) as well as by Attorney
General Francis Biddle, who said in the Congressional Record of Sep-
tember 24, 1942, page 7686, "The overt activities of the League of
American Writers in the last two years leave little doubt of its Com-
munist control." The People's World of February 11, 1943, page 5, lists
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 275
Lester Cole as a speaker at the League of American Writers School. Also,
New Masses of April 22, 1941, page 25 aud the Daily Worker of April 5,
1941, page 7, carry the name of Lester Cole as a signer of the call to the
Fourth Congress of the League of the American Writers, June 6-8, 1941,
New York City. This conference which was held a few days prior to
Hitler 's attack on the Soviet Union, denounced the war as imperialistic,
attacked President Roosevelt and endorsed the American Peace Mobili-
zation which was then picketing the White House, and denounced Presi-
dent Roosevelt as a war monger.
According to the People's World, October 22, 1942, page 2, and Octo-
ber 31, 1942, page 3, Lester Cole was active in the Hollywood Writers1
Mobilization, the successor of the Hollywood branch of the League of
American Writers.
One of the organizations participating in the Hollywood Writers
Mobilization is the Screen Writers' Guild, of which Lester Cole is a
member of the executive board, according to the Daily Worker of August
10, 1947, page 11-m and the Screen Writer of July, 1947, page 28. John
Howard Lawson, who was identified by the Daily Worker, official organ
of the Communist Party (issue of August 23, 1937, page 7), as a Com-
munist Party member, is a leading figure in the Screen Writers ' Guild.
LEAGUE OF AMERICAN WRITERS' SCHOOL IN HOLLYWOOD
This Communist Party institution is best described by the West
Coast Communist Party newspaper, the People's Daily World, for
February 11, 1943. Under the caption "Writers' School Grows in Size,
Stature," by Walter Ruf, appears the following :
" Holly wood. — Some of the most notable names in the moving
picture industry — and in American letters — are on the staff of the
League of American Writers' School as it opens its new semester on
February 15. Thirteen varied seminars of study, appealing to
virtually every type of literary aspirant and conducted by 29 noted
experts, will be offered in this spring 's course.
' * To ease the transportation problem for students, also to gain
facilities for conducting larger classes than were possible in the past,
the school is moving from 1204 N. Vista to 1717 N. Vine Street, near
Hollywood boulevard.
' ' Moving will be completed February 12, on which evening the
school will hold its traditional 'meet the faculty' gathering in the
new quarters. This year the function is preliminary to the beginning
of the spring term. At the same time it will mark the beginning of
the school 's fourth year. To a festive note will be added the chance
for prospective students to meet informally the well-known pro-
fessionals who comprise the school 's faculty.
' ' SCREENWRITING
' * Screenwriting, to be taught in four classes, will be conducted
by John Wexley, Lewis Meltzer, Horace McCoy, Robert Lees and
Fred Rinaldo, the last two functioning, as they have for the past
eight years, as collaborators. While basically similar, the four classes
will vary in emphasis and in procedure. All stress marketing needs.
276 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
"Last fall's course on motion picture directing, a distinct inno-
vation at the time and limited to Hollywood professionals, was so
successful it will be expanded this semester. Frank Tuttle, veteran
director who pioneered last fall's studies, continues as one of five
assistants to Irving Pichel, a new chairman. The other teacher-
directors are Edward Dmytryk, Michael Gordon, Vincent Sherman
and Fred Zinnemann.
"Turning to the older arts, the novel will have W. L. River,
author of 'the Torguts' and other works, as instructor. Assisting
him as lecturers will be such world famous novelists as Leon
Feuchtwanger, William Blake, Louis Bromfield, Christina Stead
and Upton Sinclair.
"Short story classes will be under the direction of Nora Hell-
gren, a regular contributor to McC 'all's, The Philadelphia North
American, New Masses and other publications.
"RADIO WORKSHOP
"Radio is represented in an advanced workshop, conducted
by Milton Merlin under the title 'Radio and the War.' Material
ranging from spot announcements to full-length dramas will be
readied and later offered to stations.
"Two outstanding lecture series highlight the school's new
curriculum. Providing a cultural background for writers and oth-
ers, John Howard Lawson, noted playwright and historian, will
continue his penetrating review of American history, bringing
his subject down to date.
"The second series of lectures, presenting a host of famous
figures, is designed to promote appreciation of the film as both an
entertainment medium and a social force. Speakers will include
Roman Bohnen, Jay Leyda, Mordecai Gorelik, Lewis Jacobs, and,
in roundtable discussions, Lester Cole, Sheridan Gibney, Robert
Rosson, Horace McCoy, and John Howard Lawson.
"An added feature of the spring term will be Dr. Franklin
Fearing 's 'Seminar in the Literary Process.' For professional writ-
ers and advanced students only, the course, conducted by a dis-
tinguished social psychologist, will be both a probing and an
appraisal of values in various forms of literature. ' '
Lewis J. Russell testified in Washington, D C., October 29, 1947, that
Edward Dmytryk, referred to above, was a member of the Communist
Party, recruited by Herbert Biberman. Russell stated that Dmytryk was
issued Communist Party book No. 84961 for the year 1944, and that when
the party was reportedly dissolved in the summer of 1944 and the Com-
munist Political Association organized in its stead, Dmytryk was issued
1944 Communist Political Association membership card No. 46859, and
for 1945 the Communist Political Association membership card No.
47238. Russell further testified that in the fall of 1945, when the Com-
munist Political Association was dissolved, and the Communist Party of
America reinstated, Dmytryk was issued registration card No. 35393.
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 277
Edward Dmytryk's Communist Rarty record is set forth in the
congressional committee 's report beginning at page 463, and is as follows :
"Edward Dmytryk has been associated with the motion-picture
industry as a producer and a director. ' '
The American Youth for Democracy was formerly known as the
Young Communist League. On April 17, 1947, the Committee on
Un-American Activities issued a report on the American Youth for
Democracy in which it called upon the governors or legislatures of the
various states and the administrative heads of the colleges and universities
' ' to thoroughly expose the Communst connections of the American Youth
for Democracy as well as the inimical objectives of the Communist Party
in America." The Congressional Record of March 24, 1947, page A-1298,
contains a statement made by the Honorable J. Edgar Hoover, Director of
the Federal Bureau of Investigation, in which he spoke of the American
Youth for Democracy as the organization "which conceals the evils and
the corruption of American Communism. This name is but a new one for
the former Young Communist League. It reflects all the sinister purposes
of the Communist Party of the United States. It employs the same
techniques and has the same objectives, namely, the conversion of our
haven of liberty and freedom to worship as we choose to a godless, totali-
tarian state where the adversaries of democracy can do as they please."
The American Youth for Democracy was also cited as a Communist front
by the Special Committee on Un-American Activities in the report of
March 29, 1944. People's World of December 1, 1944, lists Edward
Dmytryk as a sponsor of the American Youth for Democracy. People's
World is the west-coast organ of the Communist Party.
LEAGUE OF WOMEN SHOPPERS
This Communist front has been mentioned in most of the committee's
previous reports.
Among the outstanding Communist fellow travelers connected with
this organization are the following: Genevieve Taggard, Josephine
Herbst, Dorothy Kenyon, Freda Kirchwey, Tess Slessinger, Mary Van
Kleeck, Mrs. Harry F. Ward, and Leane Zugsmith.
National officers in 1939 included Aline Davis Hays, Lillian Hellman,
Helen Gahagan Douglas, Miriam Furness, Madelin Blitzstein, Chelene
Eckerson, Freda Goldberg, Dorothy Parker, Helen Seldes, Bess Singer,
Gale Sondergaard, Leane Zugsmith, and Gertrude Zimand.
The directors and sponsors of the Los Angeles branch of the League
of Women Shoppers included the following : Chelene V. Eckerson, Doro-
thy Tree, Tatania Tuttle, Jean Prival, Dona Bedwell, Sue Edmond, Mrs.
C. V. Gustafson, Mrs. A. A. Heist, Mrs. Leonard Oechsli, Mrs. Herman
Schott, Stella Adler, Aliph Crosby, Francis Ellis, Pauline Holman,
Judith Kandel, Dorothy Peterson, Tess Slessinger, Gale Sondergaard,
Ruby D. Campbell, Mrs. Oliver Covington, Mrs. Ernest Dawson, Mrs.
George Day, Frances Farmer, Mrs. Lowell C. Frost, Mrs. Ira Gershwin,
Lillian Hellman, Mrs. Norman Kilbourne, Dorothy Parker, Mrs. E. P.
Ryland, Mrs. Frank Scully, Viola Brothers Shore, Sylvia Sidney, Gloria
Stewart, Mrs. Hugh Herbert, Lucille Gleason, Mrs. Finley Peter Dunne,
Ella Winter, Mrs. Mary J. Workman, and Margaret Armstrong.
278 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
The 1941 letterheads of the Hollywood League of Women Shoppers
(4415 Placidia Avenue, North Hollywood, California) lists the officers as
follows: Chelene Eckerson, President; Dorothy Tree, Vice President;
Tatania Tuttle, Treasurer; Dixie Newton, Assistant Treasurer; Sylvia
Blankf ort, Secretary ; Natalie Commons, Executive Secretary ; and Mil-
dred Traube, Second Vice President. The directors of the Hollywood
League of Women Shoppers are as follows : Mollie Adler, Laurie Blank-
fort, Elizabeth Burbank, Evelyn Capell, Rhea Chodorov, Peggy Dunne,
Sue Edmond, Elizabeth Faragon, Josephine Kahn, Judith Kandel, Doro-
thy Peterson, Madelene Ruthven, and Dorothy Wilson.
The sponsors of the Hollywood League of Women Shoppers are
listed as follows : Mrs. E. P. Ryland, Mrs. Floyd J. Seaman, Mrs. Frank
Scully, Viola Brothers Shore, Marion Spitzer, Dr. Louise M. Snyder,
Ruby D. Campbell, Mrs. Floyd Covington, Mrs. Ernest Dawson, Mrs.
George Day, Frances Farmer, Mrs. Lowell C. Frost, Mrs. Ira Gershwin,
Lucille Gleason, Mrs. A. Heist, Lillian Hellman, Mrs. William Jacobson,
Dr. Nadina Kavinoky, Mrs. Abraham Lehr, Mrs. Norman Kilbourne,
Mrs. E. J. Lunenschloss, Mrs. Kenneth McGowan, Aline MacMahon, Mrs.
Leonard Oechsli, Mrs. John C. Packard, Dorothy Parker, Louise Rainer,
Elizabeth Risdon, Sylvia Sidney, Gloria Stuart, and Mrs. George A.
Warner, Jr.
A letterhead for July, 1941, of the League of Women Shoppers lists
Aline Davis Hays as honorary president ; Sophia Ames Boyer, president ;
and Mrs. Sherwood Anderson, Nina P. Collier, Fannie Cook, Marion
Hathaway, and Lillian Hellman, as vice presidents. The secretary is Iris
Winsor, and the treasurer is Freda Sternberg. The national sponsors
are listed as Mary C. Barker, Mrs. William O. Douglas, Dorothy Can-
field Fisher, Lucille Webster Gleason, Inez Hays Irwin, Freda Kirch-
wey, Dorothy Parker, Cornelia Bryce Pinchot, Mrs. Carl Sandburg,
Gale Sondergaard, Mrs. Stephen S. Wise, and Mary E. Woolley.
The national headquarters is listed as 273 Fifth Avenue, New York
City. The Hollywood address is given as 6912 Sunset Boulevard, and
the San Francisco address is listed as 1580 Masonic Avenue, "care of
Rikee Elsesser."
LEAGUE OF WORKERS THEATRES
This organization is strictly a Communist project and was openly
a section of the International Union of Revolutionary Theatres. The
official organ of the League of Workers Theatres is the publication New
Theatre. Among those connected with this publication were Ben Blake,
Leon Bloch, Irving Lerner, Mignon Verne, Charles Dibner, Emjo Basshe,
Michael Blankfort, Anita Block, Samuel Brody, Nathaniel Buchwald,
John R. Chaplin, Hallie Flanagan, Joseph Freeman, Virgil Geddes,
Evelyn Gerstein, Michael Gold, Mordecai Gorelik, Stephen Karnot,
Alfred Kreymborg, John Howard Lawson, Alfred Sare, Paul Sifton,
Claire Sifton, Lee Strasberg, Erwin Piscator, Gustav Wangenheim,
Friedrich Wolf, Jay Leyda, Leon Moussinac, Romain Rolland, Seki
Sans, Vsevelod Meyerhold, Alexei Popov, Sergei Tretyakov, Heiiirich
Diament, James Shelley Hamilton, Paul Peters, Langston Hughes, Harry
Elton, Anne Howe. Alfred Saxe. Victor Cutler. Alice Evans. Dorothv
Mitchell, Lester Glass, Louis Lozowick, Beno Schneider, and Sidney
Howard.
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 279
LOS ANGELES EMERGENCY COMMITTEE TO AID THE STRIKERS
The address on the letterheads of this Communist front organization
is listed as 5851 Avalon Boulevard, Koom 308, Los Angeles. This address
is in the C. I. 0. Building.
On a letter signed by Robert Rossen, chairman of the Los Angeles
Emergency Committee to Aid the Strikers, Carey Me Williams is listed
as honorary chairman, and Seniel Ostrow as the treasurer.
The Steering Committee of the Los Angeles Emergency Committee
to Aid the Strikers is composed of Averill Berman, Kenneth I. Fulton,
Robert H. Glick, Anya Goldberg, Sadie Ornitz, Mrs. Julian Sieroty,
John S 'Renco, Leonard Tittlman, and Mrs. George Willner.
The letterhead of the Los Angeles Emergency Committee to Aid
the Strikers carries a partial list of sponsors which is as follows: Dr.
Murray Abowitz, Sam Baiter, John Barnes, Dr. Dorothy W. Baruch,
Charlotta A. Bass, Margaret Bennett, Michael Blankfort, Bill Blowitz,
Col. Evans F. Carlson, Lester Cole, John Cromwell, Dr. Frank Davis,
Ernest Dawson, Olivia De Havilland, Marian Devlin, William Dieterle,
Edward Dmytryk, J. Dratler, Guy Endore, Dr. Franklin Fearing, Tom
Fizdale, Dave Foutz, Jack Greenhill, Mrs. A. J. Grobstein, E. Y. Har-
burg, Dr. Harry Hoijer, Dr. H. Claude Hudson, Mr. and Mrs. Dan
James, Peter M. Kahn, Michael Kanin, Charles J. Katz, Howard Koch,
Hy Kraft, Harry Kurnitz, John Howard Lawson, S. M. Lazarus, Ken-
neth MacGowan, Mr. and Mrs. Albert Maltz, Dr. Rudolph Marx, A.
Maymudes, Dr. Thomas Mann, Mary C. McCall, Jr., Dr. Fraser Mc-
Donald, Sam Moore, Karen Morley, Sam Ornitz, Richard S. Otto,
Bill Pennell, Earl Robinson, Aaron Rothblatt, Dr. Monte Salvin, Artie
Shaw, Julian Sieroty, Bernard P. Steinberg, Stewart Sterling, Lionel
S. Stone, Dr. Keith Sward, Jacques Thery, Frank Tuttle, Dalton
Trumbo, A. S. Waxman, Clore Warne, and Claude L. Welch.
LOS ANGELES YOUTH COMMITTEE AGAINST UNIVERSAL
MILITARY TRAINING
Under date of February 28, 1948 a mimeographed letter was sent
to many Communist front organizations and individuals in Los Angeles
signed by Helen Callbeck, who signed the letter as Temporary Secretary.
The letter is as follows :
"5343 Russell Street
"Los Angeles, 27, February 28, 1948
"Dear Friend, Many youth organizations and youth leaders in
Los Angeles have individually expressed strong opposition to uni-
versal military training. However, there has been no opportunity
for us to work together to express our opinion in united action.
' ' To provide this opportunity, there will be a meeting Tuesday,
March 9, 7.30 p.m., in Room 200, 2936 West Eighth Street, to
discuss the setting up of a Los Angeles Youth Committee Against
Universal Military Training.
* ' You, as an individual or as a representative of your organiza-
tion, are urged to attend this meeting to plan a coordinated program
of youth opposition to the proposed military training bill.
"Three young people who have just returned from Washing-
ton will report on the National Youth Assembly Against UMT and
280 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
on the latest developments in Congress. The fact that those spon-
soring the training bill may at any moment force it to a vote makes
our united action most urgent.
"It is vital that you bring to the meeting March 9 your ideas
for actions which can be taken immediately to inform our rep-
resentatives in Washington of our opposition to Universal military
training.
"If you cannot attend this first meeting, but want to work
with The Los Angeles Youth Committee Against Universal Military
Training, please fill out and mail the enclosed card."
The following individuals are listed as sponsors and the letter
carries a notation that the organizations listed are for purpose or identi-
fication only:
John Allard, President, Chrysler Local 230, UAW, CTO ; Harry
Baily, Education Director, Zone 26 Co-op ; Wallace Beery, Westminster
Fellowship, First Presbyterian Church ; Dennis Farrel, President, Carver
Club, UCLA; George Herman, Mine, Mill and Smelter Workers, Local
700, CIO; Edwin Krapf, Pastor Garvaniza Methodist Church; Fred
Masarik, Castle Lodge, Temple Israel ; Betty McCandless, Los Angeles
Youth Council; Dick Mills, Youth Division, American Friends Service
Committee; Harold Orr, President, American Federation of Teachers,
AFL; Perry Parks, United Public Workers, Local 246, CIO; Joe Price,
President, Robson Hall, UCLA ; Ben Rinaldo, State Chairman, American
Veterans Committee, and John Ripley, Director, Church School, First
Unitarian Church.
The meeting of the Los Angeles Youth Committee Against Universal
Military Training was held on Tuesday, March 9, 1948, at 7.30 p.m. in
Room 200, 2936 West Eighth Street. Around 45 people were in attendance
of which about 30 percent were girls. Wallace Berry, representing the
Westminster Fellowship, First Presbyterian Church, acted as tempo-
rary chairman. The first speaker was Seymore Kaplan of the University
of California at Los Angeles. Bill Belton, C. I. 0. representative, fol-
lowed Kaplan and gave a vigorous talk against Universal Military Train-
ing. He stated that the enactment of the pending act in Congress would
mean six to ten years of military control over the youth of America and
that the principle idea behind the bill was to use youth against labor
organizations.
After Belton had finished speaking a John Broy, of the C. I. 0.
Textile Workers created a furor when he proposed that the organization
prohibit Communists joining the Los Angeles Youth Committee Against
Universal Military Training. He ran into immediate and violent opposi-
tion and his proposal was overwhelmingly rejected.
An Arnold Shinberg of the Communist front, American Youth for
Democracy, spoke in defense of Communist participation in the move-
ment. He proposed that the last week in March and the first week in
April be declared "Anti-U. M. T. Week/' and that mass meetings be
held during that period.
The following officers were elected by the group : Wallace Berry,
Chairman; Malcolm Gardner, Vice Chairman; Helen Callbeck, Execu-
tive Secretary ; Sam Moore, Church Federation ; Bill Belton of the C. I. 0. ;
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 281
Arnold Shinberg of the American YoutK for Democracy ; Natosha Mark-
off; Janet Harris, Jewish Youth Council ; and Seymore Kaplan.
Among others who were present at the meeting were Bynny Luks,
Irwin Weiss, Sophie Bloom, Edwin Kraft, Nina Klowden, Harold Orr,
Jack Levine, and Mr. and Mrs. Allen Cox.
MARINE COOKS AND STEWARDS ASSOCIATION
The committee's report for 1947 went into this Communist controlled
organization at some length. The committee's hearings in Oakland
November 3 to 6, 1947, examined a number of witnesses in reference to
the Marine Cooks and Stewards Association and received many exhibits
concerning the organization and its activities. Richard Gladstein, of the
firm of attorneys in San Francisco who are listed as the attorneys for the
Communist Party of California, appeared in behalf of the Marine Cooks
and Stewards Association and a number of individuals who had been
subpenaed to testify concerning the organization. Gladstein followed the
usual Communist Party strategy employed by attorneys representing
Communists and made the usual demands that he be permitted to cross-
examine witnesses.
Walter Hesse, a San Francisco police officer, and former member of
the Marine Cooks and Stewards Association in San Francisco, testified
that he had been expelled from the organization in November of 1945,
for anti-Communist activities. He stated that Hugh Bryson, when he was
assistant secretary of the Union, admitted in an open meeting held at 86
Commercial Street in San Francisco, that he was a Communist and proud
of it. Hesse stated that Bryson said "For your information I am going to
tell you that the far-flung activities of the Communist Party is far more
important than this insignificant union of the Marine Cooks and Stew-
ards." Hesse claimed that there were about 400 members present when
Bryson made these statements.
Martin Kaplan, who had testified before the committee in Oakland
the year before, reiterated his former statements concerning the Commu-
nist character of the Marine Cooks and Stewards Association. William P.
Brandhove, who had submitted an affidavit to the committee previously
(see committee's 1947 report) repeated the substance of his former
affidavit.
Arthur A. Griffey testified that he was a chief steward and had been
a chief cook and butcher on ship. He had joined the Marine Cooks and
Stewards Association in 1918 and was a member in continuous good
standing until he was expelled in 1945. He stated that the Communist
influence of the organization began somewhat vigorously along about
1942. He finally became a member of what was known as the "Rank and
File Publicity Committee," a group of members who got together in
order to fight the Communist domination and control of the union. He
wrote a letter which was published in a paper, " Voice of the Rank and
File" for August 7, 1945. His letter reads as follows:
* ' I am a member and I am against anything even smelling like
Communism. I am just writing this letter to let you know and the
World know I am going to battle on the side of the majority, which
according to the rules of democracy, has a right to rule. Let's make
quick work and vote out the reds. ' '
282 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
In spite of the efforts of Griffey and the others who had banded with
him to fight the Communist control of the organization, the Communist
activities increased. Griffey stated that the meeting hall was usually
flooded with Communist propaganda literature and the anti-Communist
group had little opportunity in doing much about the situation. Griffey,
like the others, was ultimately expelled from the union because of his
anti-Communist stand.
The following is an affidavit introduced into the record by the Com-
mittee's Counsel, R. E. Combs. It is Exhibit No. 8 in the committee's
transcript and reads as follows :
"Affidavit of William D. Handelsman
"City and County of San Francisco)
"State of California J "
"William D. Handelsman, 314 Kearney Street, San Francisco,
California, being first duly sworn, deposes and says :
"I was born at Manila, Philippine Islands, on July 17th, 1918.
In 1923 my parents moved to Shanghai, China, where my father was
a candy manufacturer. I attended a British School in Shanghai
where I received the equivalent of a high school education. My
father died in 1932, and in January, 1935, I went to sea as an ordi-
nary seaman on the American Mail Line ship President Jefferson.
"At San Francisco during the summer of 1935 I joined the
Marine Cooks and Stewards Union, and was in the stewards' depart-
ment in the President Pierce. In 1936 I shipped out of San Francisco
on the Monterey, a Matson line vessel. We were enroute to Australia
when I met a man named Paul Boyles, a writer. He was continually
pointing out the conditions on the ship; — that the owners were
getting rich while the crew was paid starvation wages; that every
union man owed his first duty to the working classes ; that the Marine
Cooks and Stewards Union was a young, weak organization, and
could only be made strong enough to protect its members against the
bosses by real organization and class discipline. I was 17 years old
at the time. We were actually compelled to work long hours, the food
was bad, I was getting $45.00 a month and was generally dissatisfied.
My usual shift was 12 to 13 hours a day, and I slept in quarters below
the water-line with about 100 other men in what was commonly
known as the Calcutta Dungeon — unventilated and disagreeable.
During these first conversations with Boyles, he never mentioned
Communism, but he and John Sneddon, a room steward, used to take
me ashore, buy me meals and sympathize with me until they had
thoroughly gained my confidence. Sneddon was ship 's delegate from
the Marine Cooks and Stewards Union.
"I noticed that Boyles and Sneddon frequently met secretly
with 12 or 15 other crew members in the laundry room. When I asked
Boyles why these meetings were held, he told me he and the others
were members of the Communist Party, and they couldn't meet
openly because they would be fired ; that the Communists had the
only real program for the benefit of the working men, and could
force the ship owners to pay higher wages and improve conditions
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 283
aboard ship. I am a Jew, and these men told me that unless the Com-
munists prevented it, the Jews of America would be treated exactly
as they were being treated by Hitler. There was also a man named
Katz, whose first name I cannot recall, and when I told him that my
mother's family had been killed by the Russian Bolsheviks during
the revolution of 1917, he tried to explain that they undoubtedly
belonged to the capitalist minority and had to be liquidated for the
benefit of the working class movement. As a result of the propaganda,
I rebelled against authority in the ship, and was consequently
demoted from one job to another until I wound up as a galley
scullion — the lowest job on the vessel — which convinced me that the
system was wrong. I was resentful against the ship owners and con-
vinced that I was being discriminated against because I was a Jew.
' 'Boyles, Sneddon and Katz gave me mimeographed propaganda
sheets which I put under the pillows on the men's bunks while the
crew was at work. This propaganda didn't specifically mention the
Communist Party, but pointed out the conditions on the ship, and
that only by a constant fight against the bosses and the American
capitalist system could these conditions be improved — and that only
through the leadership of the Communist Party could the working
masses be organized.
1 ' When our ship arrived at New Zealand our group had a caucus
and decided to smuggle propaganda ashore to distribute among the
dock workers. Some it was actually taken ashore, but Katz was
caught with the literature in his possession, and the New Zealand
authorities opened his locker and found stacks of propaganda. They
sealed the locker, and when Katz broke the seal he was arrested. I
was there told by Katz, Boyles, Sneddon and others that this was
typical of how capitalist and imperialist countries kept the truth
from the workers.
* ' The Matson people fired Katz when we returned to San Fran-
cisco, but his comrades in the Marine Cooks and Stewards made it
a union issue, tied up the ship and forced the company to rehire
him. This incident was used to illustrate how the Communist Party
went to bat for its members, and made a great impression on even
the non-Communists in the union. I was then introduced to the
Union Dispatcher, a man named Delcol. My rating was then mess-
man, and he was in a position to give me even a better rating than
I deserved. I knew at the time that he was a Party Member — the
first one to ever hold an office in the Marine Cooks and Stewards
Union; in fact he was the first Dispatcher. He got me a job as a
room steward on the 88 Monterey. This was a job it would ordinarily
have taken me several years to get, and I realized that the Com-
munists in the union had rewarded me for going along with their
program on the previous voyage, and I was grateful and impressed
by their power. Before I shipped out I went up to Delcol's room
at North Beach with Sneddon, Boyles, Revels Cayton, an alien
named Van Lacken, Katz and Johnnie Lamonia — all members of
the Communist Party and all members of the Marine Cooks and
Steward's Union — and Delcol pointed out all the prominent Com-
munists in the Union, and told me he was certain that I would
284 UN- AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
eventually join the Party, but was not yet ready, but meanwhile
could help carry out their program.
"From that time on I was entertained at one North Beach
party after another. I was taken to many private homes, introduced
to girls, provided with plenty of liquor and thrown into contact
with people I later knew as high-ranking San Francisco Com-
munists.
"About April, 1936, the membership of the Marine Cooks and
Stewards decided that Delcol was ineligible for the position of
Dispatcher because he had not been in the union long enough, and
Boston Hunt had done an outstanding job as ship's delegate on
the Mariposa and that he should have the job.
"I then went to Seattle to see my mother, and later met Bill
Lonergan, whom I had known on the Monterey. One night we sat
in a cafeteria on Yesler Way from 9 at night until 4 the next morn-
ing while he told me that I couldn't be a good union man unless I
joined the Communist Party; that working conditions would only
become steadily worse under a capitalist form of government — in
fact, all the arguments I had already gotten from Boyles, Sneddon,
and the others. He told me to contact Johnny Lamonia when I
got to San Francisco, as he was Chairman of the Waterfront Sec-
tion of the Communist Party. I then made up my mind to join the
party at the first opportunity.
"My next trip was on the 88 McKinley to the Orient — and I
found the worst conditions I had ever seen on any ship. Three
quarters of the crew were natives from Hong Kong, living quarters
were foul and the work was hard. A few days out of Seattle a
strike broke, and the ship was diverted to San Francisco where
she was tied up. I lost no time getting to the union hall, where I
contacted Johnny Lamonia, Paul Boyles and Revels Cayton and
told them I wanted to join the Party. The three of them took me
immediately to the Maritime Book Shop at 15 Embarcadero Street,
where Lamonia had his headquarters in the back room. They told
me it would cost 50 cents to join, 50 cents per month dues if I was
employed and 10 cents if I was unemployed. Because of the strike
I was not employed, so I paid Lamonia 60 cents and he handed me
a green card that folded in the middle — on one side there were
spaces for dues stamps. They then took me to a bar nearby and
bought drinks to celebrate the occasion, telling me that I had taken
the most important step of my life. I then went with Lamonia to
his room at the Newbridge Hotel while he got some papers and
we went to dinner at the Grand Cafeteria.
"Later that evening we attended a closed Communist meeting
at 779 Vallejo Street, next to a Chinese laundry. I had to show my
Party card to the man on guard at the door, and Lamonia told
him I was a new comrade. There were 65 or 70 men present — and
two women. One man got on the rostrum and called the meeting to
order, and we sang the Internationale with our right arms raised,
fists clenched in the Communist salute. The chairman then instructed
the three waterfront departments — the deck, engine, and stewards,
to go to their separate meeting rooms. I asked Lamonia who the
young fellow on the rostrum was, and he told me his name was
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 285
/
Walter Stack, from the Firemen's Union and that the man seated
next to him was Berrish, from the same union. The Chairman of the
Deck Department was Stanley Postak, of the Sailor's Union of the
Pacific. Before the meeting split up, Stack announced that since
there was a larger Communist faction in the Marine Cooks and
Stewards that we would use the main hall, that there were about
14 from the Marine Firemen's Union, but only three from the
S.U.P. A well-dressed man then came in, and Paul Boyles called
everyone back to the main hall, while Revels Cayton introduced
Henry Schmidt to the comrades, who all arose to acknowledge the
introduction. He then spoke as an official of the International Long-
shoremen's and Warehousemen's Union, and stated he was sorry
Harry Bridges was unable to attend, but that he was addressing
some union meeting about the strike. Schmidt then spoke, urging
the workers to unite in the Communist Party to fight the capitalist
system. There was considerable applause, and he was especially
praised by a girl who sat on the rostrum with a pile of literature
in front of her on a table. Lamonia told me she acted as secretary
of the various units of the Waterfront Section, and was Walter
Stack's wife.
"We then split up once more, and Paul Boyles acted as chair-
man of our group. The top fraction of our department had already
met, set up the agendum for discussion and put him in as chairman.
We had nothing to say about it. The five members of this top
fraction were : Boyles, Sneddon, Cayton, Joe Harris and Johnny
Lamonia. There was a report by Lamonia on finances and recruiting,
and he introduced the new comrades — Al Harris, Joe Holt, Jack
Smith, Pete Van Dorn, myself, and several others whose names I
cannot remember. Complimentary remarks were made about each
of us. I was praised as a young man who stood up under the terrible
conditions on ships, and as a young man who would go far in the
Party. Members were told to contact dissatisfied young seamen
and recruit them into the Communist movement.
''Revels Cayton then spoke, stating that he was getting as many
negroes as he could into the Party, and that great numbers of new
members were being drawn from negro, Mexican and Jewish minor-
ities. He urged everyone present to do double picket duty to show
the rank and file union members that there would be no real strikes
without Communist leadership; that the next real strike in San
Francisco must be one where the city was really tied up, because
when babies can't get milk the public will be forced to turn
pressure on the ship owners to end the strike at any cost. Cayton
also said that there were three men in the Marine Cooks and Stewards
Union who were blocking the party's plans, and that they must be
eliminated, and he told us they were Jack Leppold, acting patrolman ;
Max Watson, assistant secretary ; Boston Hunt, dispatcher. We were
urged by Cayton to get on union committees so we could not only
dominate the unions themselves, but to show up the non-Communist
union members as weak and incapable of leading the rank and
file membership.
286 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
"Before the meeting was over Boyles and Cayton proposed
that I be sent to party headquarters, then located at 121 Haight
Street, San Francisco, for special training. Three days later, about
December, 1936, I reported at headquarters where there were some
25 other students from various unions. We were taught parlia-
mentary procedure, public speaking, agitation and propaganda
techniques and what the party called character assassination. This
last course was, by our instructor, exposure of union disruptors
and labor spies. We were taught how to undermine American insti-
tutions and praise the Soviet Government; how to tear down the
morals of troops ; how a small group of Communists can dominate
a union; how to heckle and intimidate non-Communist speakers;
how to address public meetings. These courses of instruction lasted
for ten weeks, and at the same time I was a picket captain on duty
16 hours every day — standing double duty because I was a Com-
munist and had to set a good example.
' * At these classes we were told that the Soviet "Union was strug-
gling for the working masses of the world, and that in the event of
war with the United States the maritime unions would be of great
importance. The longshoremen would refuse to load the ships, ware-
housemen would strike, the seamen would not operate the vessels,
the party members in the galley would sabotage the food. Any such
war, it was explained, would be caused by the United States —
never by the Soviet Union.
"We were taught that discipline in the party was absolute;
that it was the secret of all successful party strategy. That a good
Communist never said no to his top fraction and obeyed all party
orders, decisions, assignments and directives without hesitation.
We were actually told — not once, but many times — that even if the
party decided that a member's father and mother should be liqui-
dated as enemies of the working class, the order must be obeyed.
"Three of us were selected for special training as character
assassins — Jack Sutcliffe and a man named Taylor, besides me. In
this class we were told to pick out men in the unions who opposed
the party program, and to spread rumors and whispering cam-
paigns among the other union members — calling him a labor spy,
and F. B. I. stooge, a pervert, a labor disruptor, a stool pigeon and
anything else we could use to tear him down. We not only did this,
but we were told to ridicule him and heckle him at meetings. Any-
thing we could do to blacken and smear the character of all who
resisted the Communists' program in the unions was done. We
were also taught that the general technique was useful against any-
one who obstructed the Communists — in public life, in professions
and even in government positions.
"Sutcliffe and Taylor were also from the Marine Cooks and
Stewards Union, and the three of us operated in our union as a team.
We never disclosed our Communist affiliation, and when one of us
would start to tear down someone 's character, the two others would
spread the word among street corner groups, in waterfront cafes
and bars and in the union hall. During meetings we separated from
each other so we could influence three groups of people. After the
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 287
character assassinators had laid the groundwork, the victim would
be brought up on phoney charges and suspended or expelled from
the union. This method of attack was highly effective, and widely
used in the waterfront unions.
"During the 1936 strike the unions issued two kinds of strike
cards, blue for satisfactory service, and white for slackers. I held a
blue card, but when the strike was over I was ordered by the Com-
munist Party to ship aboard the President McKinley as messboy.
There were many luxury liners in port at the time, and I was eligible
to take my pick of them as a deck steward. But after 98 days of
picket duty, propagandizing and agitating, I had to take a less
desirable vessel and a much worse job. Boston Hunt refused to let
me ship on the McKinley, contending that it was the only boat in
port with a colored crew in the steward 's department and that only
colored men should go on that boat. He called me in, accused me
of being a Communist, told me I was just a young Jewish boy being
used by the party and that he knew I was supposed to assassinate his
character. In all these statements he was, of course, absolutely
correct, but I did not realize it at the time.
"The Communist fraction in my unit then instructed me,
through Revels Clayton and Paul Boyles, to create a scene in front
of Boston Hunt 's dispatcher window in the union hall by accusing
him of discriminating against me because I was a Jew. Immediately
I launched a campaign to undermine Hunt. I accused him of being
a Jew hater, a Fascist and a moral pervert. At the same time every
other Communist in the union spread the same rumors and charges
— all untrue, unfounded and merely the same old character assass-
ination so commonly used by the party in such cases. This strategy
succeeded, because the members instructed Hunt to place me on the
McKinley as the only white member in the steward's department.
My instructions from the party were to sail with the vessel as far as
Seattle and sell them on what a fine job Revels Cayton was doing
for the colored men in the union. In Seattle I was to contact two
prominent Communists, Joe Galvin and William Antennie. They
told me they had been told to make a voyage on the President Jack-
son, and that I was to ship with them.
"In March or April I went on the Jackson, en route to the
Orient, but we put in at San Francisco to take passengers from
another vessel that had been tied up by the Communists on the water-
front because she had steel and iron destined for Japan. We were
met by Revels Cayton, John Sneddon, Paul Boyles, Frank McCor-
mick and John Fougerouse and instructed to hold regular party
caucuses aboard the Jackson, spread propaganda and recruit addi-
tional members for the party. We were also told to agitate for a
mixed crew, because there were black crews in the steward 's depart-
ments on the Grant and the McKinley, and to create as much dis-
sension among the crew as possible. We had thousands of Com-
munist propaganda leaflets printed in Japanese, some printed in
Chinese and some in the Tagalog language to distribute among dock
workers in Japan, China, and the Philippine Islands. We visited
with two Chinese Party leaders, and told them that the imperialistic
288 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
American government was responsible for taking the Chinese crews
off the President line, and we assured them of the friendship and
solidarity of the American Communist Party.
1 i When my ship returned to Seattle, Sneddon told me to go to
San Francisco for another Communist Party assignment. In August
of 1937 I attended a closed party meeting at 779 Vallejo Street,
where I was introduced to a Hugh Bryson, George Penevaroff,
Eddie Lane and Pete Mendelsohn. The matter of coming elections in
the Marine Cooks and Stewards was discussed, and we were told that
party members would have to flood every big ship on the Pacific
Coast — at least six to each of the big Matson and President line ves-
sels. Our prime job was to elect only trusted party members in each
steward's department aboard ship as the ship's union delegate and
that every member of the Committee in each department must also
be a party member. We were to undermine and degrade all existing
officers in our union, each of whom was a non-Communist, and carry
out this character assassination campaign to discredit them and
replace each with a Communist in the coming election. We called
them stooges for the ship owners, union disrupters, labor spies and
informants. In ships meetings the delegates sent each other resolu-
tions condemning the union officers, and complaining of them to the
shipowners. We also blamed the officers for not getting an 8-hour-
day clause in the contract during the 1936 strike, whereas in fact the
Communist-controlled negotiating committee had actually accepted
the 10 hours per day clause.
' ' My own part in this strategy took me on short trips on several
different ships, directing the political undermining; then I was
ordered ashore to meet the ships, work the waterfront and the union
hall in the same character assassination work for which I had been
especially trained by the Party 's experts. The Communist clique was
determined to get rid of Boston Hunt, who was alert to the party 's
tricks and was leading the non-Communist opposition. Just before
the election Max Watson, the assistant secretary — and a militant
anti-Communist — had to leave on union business and his place was
taken by Jack Leppold, another non-Communist. I then got my
assignment for the balance of the year, which was to hang around
the waterfront and the union hall, spreading rumors and generally
directing the character assassination against the officers — which by
this time was nearing a climax. I was also told to cause additional
trouble for Hunt and at the same time cause racial agitation by urg-
ing our hand picked white party members to apply to Hunt for jobs
on the Luckenbach ships that for years had only carried colored
crews in their steward 's departments, and at the same time urge the
colored union members to apply for jobs through Hunt on the Mat-
son passenger ships that carried only white crews in the steward 's
department. When their applications were refused, I charged Hunt
with being anti-negro, which almost caused a race riot — which was
exactly what the Communists wanted.
' ' I then distributed what we called our Progressive Slate, which
consisted of printed slips carrying the names of the Communist
Party's candidates for each elective office in the union — not only
in San Francisco, but also Honolulu, San Pedro, Portland, and
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 289
Seattle. The campaign was now under way, and we were told to
resort to any sort of tactics necessary to elect the entire Progressive
Slate. We even intimidated the weaker non-Communist union
members by telling them we would take care of them if they voted
the wrong way.
"The balloting committee consisted of one member from San
Pedro, two from headquarters in Sail Francisco, one from Portland
and me from Seattle. A trusted and forceful party member went
from San Francisco to San Pedro a week ahead of time, and was
easily elected on the committee from that branch; the two from
San Francisco were both Communists — elected at a packed meeting ;
the Portland man was a Communist. The Seattle man was a non-
Communist, but when the actual balloting occurred, he was out on
a drunk with some undercover party members.
"The voting took place in San Francisco. According to the
actual vote the old officers were reelected despite the character
assassination campaign. But the ballots were counted and the votes
were tallied by the balloting committee, all of whom were party
members, and when the results were announced, every single
incumbent was defeated and was replaced by a Communist. The
whole Progressive Slate was fraudulently elected in this manner.
Boston Hunt, leader of the non-Communist faction, was replaced
as Dispatcher by Paul Boyles — who was not even eligible for that
position because he hadn't been a full book member of the union
for the two-year period as the Constitution then required.
"The newly elected officers appointed Revels Cayton as office
assistant— although no such office was authorized by the Constitu-
tion. Ed Burke was secretary-treasurer, and because he never opposed
the Communist program, they left him strictly alone — and his office
was not affected by this election, which was held during the latter
part of 1937. I feel quite sure that Burke was never a Communist,
and I have often heard party members say they had something on
him, and would retire him some day when the Communist control
was firmly entrenched. It was about this time that Hugh Bryson
was developing as an important party member in the union, and
took the same general course of instruction I did at Communist
headquarters.
"As soon as the Progressive Slate took office, they called an
election to switch the entire union from the A.F.L. into the C.I.O.
This met with considerable opposition, however, in spite of much
groundwork laid by the party. The Seattle Branch was violently
opposed to this move, and finally refused to send the ballots in —
so in San Francisco the Communist Ballot Committee once again
counted the union into the C.I.O., and when the Seattle ballots did
finally arrive, they were never counted — and it was generally under-
stood in party circles that if those Seattle votes had been counted
the union would have remained in the A.F.L.
"Boston Hunt then made a trip on the Matsonia, and when
his boat docked at San Pedro he was sent to the A.F.L. convention
from the Marine Cooks and Stewards, which had just affiliated
with the C.I.O. A Communist caucus was held in San Francisco,
20— L-7088-D
290 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
charges were preferred against Hunt, and five party memebrs were
elected to serve on the trial committee. It appeared, however, that
the constitution required a majority referendum vote of the entire
membership for expulsion so the trial committee voted a year '& sus-
pension. Hunt was heckled and ridiculed when he tried to speak in
his own defense — and he was suspended. The party realized he was
still too popular to risk out and out expulsion which would have
required the referendum vote. He then went to Seattle, where the
membership permitted him to ship out, regardless of the suspension.
He was eventually barred from the ships. At the end of a year, he
applied for reinstatement and was handed a copy of charges of
violating his suspension. The constitution had meanwhile been
changed to eliminate the necessity of the old formalities and he was
expelled.
"By this time I was completely disgusted with these Hitler
tactics, their phoney committees, their frame-ups, their creating
of race agitation, and their underhanded and slimy maneuvers that
when they brought Jack Leppold up on framed charges, I revolted
and walked out of the union meeting after voting against expulsion.
I just couldn't stomach the Communist tactics any longer after 18
months of carrying out my special assignments of character assas-
sination.
"The next day I was hailed before William Schneiderman,
Chairman of the Communist Party of California, at 121 Haight
Street. Others present were Revels Cayton, Paul Boyles, Frank
McCormick and Hugh Bryson. Schneiderman reprimanded me for
failing to help the party purge Leppold. They told me my mother 's
family in Russia would suffer, and I told them they had already been
killed during the revolution. They then threatened to have me
deported back to the Philippines — but I informed them I was born
of American parents and was therefore a citizen. They gave me two
days to think it over before I did anything I might regret. I had
definitely made up my mind what to do, however, and when I went
to the meeting at 779 Vallejo Street I stated to the entire member-
ship that I was through with Communism ; that I intended to fight
the party and to expose it from that time on; that I was sick of
these Stalin rats and termites. I then tore up my membership card
and walked out of the meeting, and they tried to call me back,
saying that if I would promise not to reveal anything about the party
they would not bother me. I told them I intended to expose them
at every opportunity in an attempt to help others to profit by my
mistake — and that otherwise everyone would always believe I was
still a party member. I had not walked three blocks from the meet-
ing place when six Communists who followed me started beating
me up. One of them stabbed toward my heart with a knife, and I
warded off the blow with my left arm. The knife cut through my
overcoat and inflicted a deep gash in my forearm. When I regained
consciousness I was taken to the Harbor Emergency Hospital where
my wounds were treated. From that time I never missed an oppor-
tunity to expose the Communists to the union membership, and
have fought the party constantly for nine years — during which time
I have prevented several persons from joining the party.
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 291
"With several other anti-Communist members in the Marine
Cooks and Stewards, we started a drive which unseated the party's
officers in the union in 1941. During the war, however, we shipped
overseas in the merchant marine while the Communists got deferred
from serving by applying through the C.I.O. for a status as union
members essential to the war effort. Thus the party recaptured the
union.
' ' During the war I sailed on ammunition carriers in the South
Pacific and Aleutian war zones, my ships were torpedoed and
bombed ; I hold citations for direct enemy action and for war serv-
ice ; I also have a citation from the President of the United States
for battle service; I have served as chief steward on all types of
ships, and served for the U. S. Army on the Admiral Sims.
' * In 1945 a group of us who had been expelled from the union on
the same sort of trumped-up charges I used to prefer against non-
Communists when I was in the party, picketed the Soviet Consulate
in San Francisco with signs asking the Consul to take the American
Communist traitors to the United States and the Russian Fifth
Column in this country over to the Soviet Union they seemed to
love so much. My wife and baby were on this picket line, and they
were smeared with the rest of us in the People's Daily World —
Communist newspaper.
"For the past two years I have tried to obtain work in San
Francisco, but the Communists had launched the same sort of
character assassination against me that I once launched for them
against anyone who opposed them. I went to one meeting of the
A. F. L. Cook's Union No. 44, as I was a member of their inter-
national, but soon discovered that this union, too, had been captured
by the Communists. This union, as well as the Marine Cooks and
Stewards Union, have smeared me in every job I tried to hold.
"When I returned from the South Pacific after the war, I
was hospitalized for several months. After my expulsion from the
Marine Cooks and Stewards Union, and two years of continual
persecution by the Communist clique, headed by Hugh Bryson, I
stood it as long as I could, and finally took the law into my own
hands by going to Bryson 's home for the purpose of giving him the
sound beating I was convinced he deserved. I cannot honestly swear
that I regret trying to retaliate on Bryson ; I do regret that I was
prevented from doing so. I realize I should not have tried to take
the law in my own hands, however.
"Bryson is positively known to me as a fanatic Communist
Party member; he was vice president of the union when I was
expelled by a six-man trial committee, all of whom were Com-
munists ; the nine men who voted against my expulsion were them-
selves expelled the following meeting; I was stabbed, knocked
unconscious, harassed, undermined, smeared and ousted from my
union by methods the party had taught me so thoroughly.
"I have now been fighting Communism for nine years, and
will continue to do so as long as I live. There are three waterfront
unions in San Francisco free from Communist taint — the Master
Mates and Pilots, the Marine Fireman's Union and the Sailors
292 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Union of the Pacific with a well-known anti-Communist leader,
Harry Lundberg.
"I can state from my own experience that the Communists
will stop at nothing to accomplish their objective — the overthrow of
the American form of government. As a Communist I was taught
that my first allegiance must be — not to America — but to Josef
Stalin and the Soviet Union.
(Signed) "WILLIAM D. HANDELSMAN
Subscribed and sworn to before me this 10th day of September,
1 1
1947.
(Signed) "R.E. COMBS
Counsel, California Senate Committee
on Un-American Activities, SB 75"
The following is the affidavit of George W. Crosby (Committee's
Exhibit No. 12, Oakland, 1947 hearing) :
"AFFIDAVIT OF GEORGE W. CROSBY
* ' City and County of San Francisco 1
Us
"State of California
' l George W. Crosby, 58 Commercial Street, San Francisco, Cali-
fornia, first being duly sworn, deposes and says: I was born at
Graham, Georgia, on February 9th, 1920, and attended grammar
school and high school there. I enlisted in the United States Army
at Savannah, Georgia, on November 15th, 1935, and in 1937 was
transferred to Kelley Field at San Antonio, Texas. I was supporting
my mother and two sisters out of my pay, and for two years regularly
sent them $75.00 per month out of my pay which was $90.00, During
the time I was receiving my education in Georgia I had to work and
help support my family, and as a result of these experiences became
dissatisfied and critical concerning what then appeared to be an
unequal and unfair economic system in this country. I began to be
critical with class distinction in the army, and while stationed at
San Antonio was given some Marxist literature to read. I had, by
this time, become quite bitter about the American economic system,
and was most receptive to any ideology that offered a way out. Much
of the Marxist literature I read at this time concerned the sharp
class distinction in England, and this line of reading made me
resentful of such a class system to the point that I became anti-
British.
1 1 In October, 1939, I was ordered to the Philippines by way of
New York, where we stopped about two months. I took advantage of
this stop to attend Communist rallies in Columbus Square, and by
purchasing Marxist literature. This was during the Soviet-Nazi
Non-aggression Pact, and at one rally I attended, the speakers were
German Bundists and American Communists. By this time I was
indoctrinated with Marxism to the extent that I agreed with the
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 293
party line and actually engaged independently in spreading Com-
munist propaganda and literature. I also decided to join the Com-
munist Party at the first opportunity. I was then 19 years old —
impressionable and embittered.
' * En route to the Philippines from New York we stopped in San
Francisco for approximately a month, during which time I bought
more Communist literature from the Party Book Store which was
then and still is located at 15 Embarcadero and is called the Maritime
Bookshop. I visited this shop yesterday, September 4th, 1947, and
the same man who operated the place in 1939 is still there.
"On February 14th, 1940, my unit arrived in the Philipines
and during the entire time I was there, about a year, I carried on
Communist agitation independently. I tried to get out of the army
by applying for enlistment in the Chinese and German air forces.
The United States was not then at war. I was still rabidly anti-
British and prompted solely by a desire to get out of the American
army, whose class system I also detested. The effort was, however,
unsuccessful and only resulted in questioning by Intelligence officers,
a transfer to Fort Riley, Kansas, and a discharge from the Army
Nov. 27, 1941, — not a dishonorable discharge, but what is termed
a 'Blue Discharge' because of my agitating activities.
"I then came to San Francisco, got seamen's papers, and
shipped out as an ordinary seaman. On my first trip I met a Com-
munist Party member, Fred Voorhies who, finding me sympathetic,
explained the party 's technique in infiltrating waterfront and mari-
time unions, and in spreading Communist propaganda on Gov-
ernment ships. This was aboard the 88 Ancon, an American troop-
ship. We returned from Australia to San Francisco, and I went
to New York and shipped out on another troop transport, the SS
Cristobal. These voyages were made during the war, and the National
Maritime Union was then placing its Communist members on trans-
ports for the very obvious purpose of subtly spreading Communist
propaganda among the troops. During this second voyage, some of
these propagandists asked me to go to the N. M. U. Hall at 346 W
17th St., New York, and contact Mr. Joe Stack, then Port Agent for
the National Maritime Union and a member of the Communist Party.
I did contact him, and found that he had been told all about my
activities. Ordinarily it required at least one trip on probation
before a full card was issued, but for party sympathizers like myself
this formality was ignored. My full card was issued one hour after
I made the application. Stack made me wait at the Union Hall until
5 p.m., when Stack informed me he was Chairman of the Water-
front Section of the Communist Party and suggested that we go to
the Young Communist League headquarters, about 2 blocks from the
N.M.U. Hall, on 8th Ave., between 18th and 19th Streets. I was
introduced to several young girls, one of whom suggested that I go
to her apartment, and later invited me to spend the night — it was
the Cornish Arms Apartments — at 8th Ave. and 23rd streets. I
subsequently discovered that this was an established party technique
used to lure young and lonesome seamen into the Young Communist
League, a technique which, I might add, is most effective.
294 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
" During March, 1943, I joined the Young Communist League
sponsored by Joe Stack, Joseph Curran, then Pres. of the N.M.U.,
Ferdinand Smith, then Secy, of the N.M.U., and others whose
names I cannot remember.
' ' I was carefully instructed in the technique of spreading Com-
munist propaganda aboard ship, how to recruit young seamen into
the Young Communist League, how to work with other members
in forcing party line resolutions at union meetings. We were not
permitted to have any association with navy gun crews, and to
vigorously fight discrimination and to praise the Soviet Union and
the Red Army, to advocate socialism and criticise the American form
of Government — including the entire capitalist system. During
this period the Communists were concentrating their activities on
American Army troop transports, which were infested with large
numbers of highly trained propagandists.
"In March, 1944, I signed on the troopship USS Brazil at
Boston. There was a man named Randal Schmidt, alias Pete Smith,
Norval Welch and other Communists aboard. During the five or
six months I was aboard we met nightly in the petty officers mess
to plan strategy. Schmidt was an oiler, Norval Welch was engine
yoeman and I was a junior electrician. Other party members were
scattered throughout the ship, which was then considered the most
militant pro-Communist vessel in the N.M.U.
"There were about 400 crew members — completely dominated
by the Communist minority. We were instructed to assassinate the
character of any non-Communist member of the crew who opposed
our activities, by charging him falsely of the worst things we could
think of, and resort to physical violence if necessary.
"Schmidt was the chairman of the party activities — and all
positions of union authority were held by Communists. He told
us that the C.I.O. would create a Political Action Committee, and
that we would create a politically-minded crew on our ship. There
were educational, food, political action, recreational and letter-
writing committees. At the head of each there was a trusted Com-
munist. We could easily dominate the crew because we were organ-
ized, trained, disciplined, provided with a definite program, well
supplied with literature and carefully planned each step in advance.
* ' Trip after trip we were lavishly praised by the top officials of
the N. M. U., in "The Pilot," the official union publication. In June,
1944, I was in Joe Curran 's office with other members of the union 's
Ship Committee on the Brazil, on which occasion they all addressed
Curran as "comrade," and were so addressed by him. At this time
Curran told us that the N. M. U. would eventually control all water-
front and maritime unions through hard working personnel in the
Communist Party, and that this would occur as soon as the war was
over. He said, however, that for the time being we must concentrate
strictly on political action and elect only officials favorable to the
"cause."
"Thereafter we wrote to all congressmen who opposed Com-
munism, and Schmidt posted notices to the effect that the names of
all crew members who failed to contribute to the Political Action
Committee would be displayed on the bulletin board.
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 295
' ' During July and August, 1944, when in New York, we formed
strong arm squads to protect Communist speakers.
' ' I gained the full confidence of both Schmidt and Welch. They
told me that trusted party members had been placed in schools, in
government office, in labor unions, in the transportation and com-
munications industries to such an extent that the eventual Com-
munizing of America was inevitable — but that if peaceful infiltra-
tion and propaganda should fail, then any means, even force, would
be used. This was the first time I was fully informed as to the real
purposes of the Communist Party, and I began to balk at some party
assignments.
' ' At this point I wish to explain in as much detail as I can the
exact methods we used aboard ship in spreading propaganda and
literature. We were instructed never, under any cirsumstances, to
admit any connection with the Communist Party, but by sympathiz-
ing with disgruntled soldiers, giving them liquor and food, and gain-
ing their confidence, to indoctrinate them by picking out faults in
the American way of life, pointing out the benefits under a socialistic
system — such as existed in the Soviet Union — and by supplying read-
ing matter in the form of Marxist literature. The electricians, having
access to all parts of the vessel, were provided with literature by
Schmidt. It was carried in boxes supposed to contain electric light
bulbs, and in the troop compartments ; was left on overhead beams
where it would easily be found, and on the bunks, on the decks and
in the recreation centers.
"Schmidt told me he had fought in the Lincoln Brigade in
Spain and went from Spain to Moscow in 1938, and attended a
party school there. He also informed me that he had previously served
as a Communist courier, carrying vital messages and information
from one port to another.
"I then refused to take any further part in distributing propa-
ganda among the troops — whereupon Schmidt and Welch told Army
Intelligence that I was a trouble maker and pro-Nazi. I had told
them about my effort to join the Chinese and German Air Forces
before the war. I was removed from the Brazil and taken before
Colonel Cherbonet and was exonerated after I told him of my Com-
munist activities and assured him that I would have nothing further
to do with the Communist Party or the Young Communist League.
The original letter of exoneration, dated October 25, 1944, and
signed by Capt. Harry W. Tyler, Assistant Adjutant General, is
in my possession and available on demand.
"I then returned to the Union Hall, where Curran asked me
to run for a patrolman's job. When I told him I was interested, he
plainly stated that I would first have to see Joe Stack, because I
would have to go from the Young Communist League into the Com-
munist Party before I could hold any elective office. I refused to do
this, and told him I was through with Communism because I was
convinced of its real objective to overthrow the American form of
government. Curran told me I was all wrong and should take a rest.
"On the following day Joe Stack told me all about my inter-
view with Colonel Cherbonet — in such accurate detail that it was
clear to me that he must have gotten the information from the Army.
296 UN- AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
He said lie never heard of a Red "red-baiting," that I was through
with the Union and the party and that if I ever revealed anything
about the Young Communist League or the party I would find
myself in jail wondering how I got there. I was refused permission
to speak to the Union, and I was surprised that I wasn't kicked out
of the Union. Curran lulled me into a false sense of security by
assigning me back to the Brazil, which was then at Boston. I
never got aboard, however, because there I found Schmidt, Welch
and other Party members at the NMU Hall — sitting as a trial
committee to expel me from the Union — which they did. I then
realized that Curran had deliberately maneuvered me away from
New York, isolated me in Boston and stacked the meeting there
with trusted Party members.
' ' The actual charges, herein copied from the original documents
in my possession, were as follows :
" 'George Crosby, Bk. 27800, is hereby charged with anti-union
activity and conduct unbecoming a union man. While a member of
the crew of the U.S.A.T. Brazil, he continually caused trouble by
provoking fights and arguments. He called all who opposed him
Communists and fascists. He repeatedly threatened to dump any
and all members of the crew who opposed him — including the lost
(1st) Engineer and Chief Electrician. He made many statements
against the union and the officials. He defended the SUP-STU and
Harry Lundberg. He refused to accept the decisions of the crew.
He showed a sympathetic attitude toward Nazi ideas. He made many
statements against members of the Union because of their race and
color and nationality.
' ' ' Crosby is a man totally unfit for membership in the National
Maritime Union, and should be expelled.
(Signed) PETE SMITH, No. 44043 '
'"U.S. A.T.Brazil
" 'Boston, Mass.
11 'October 10, 1944
' ' Following my expulsion, I shipped on non-union tankers until
December, 1944. 1 was not permitted to appeal my expulsion directly
to the membership, but later appealed to a committee, which affirmed
the original expulsion. Schmidt, alias Pete Smith, told me on this
occasion that if I continued to cause trouble I would find myself in
jail. Precisely fifteen days thereafter I was arrested and charged
with violating the Neutrality Laws and Dealing Unlawfully with
Belligerent Nations. I was pleaded guilty and served four months in
the Federal Correctional Institution at Danbury, Connecticut. I
had actually purchased wrist watches and fountain pens in the
United States, both non-rationed items, and sold them in Liverpool,
England — and was therefore technically guilty — but did not sell
Government property, nor have I ever considered myself guilty
of having violated the Neutrality Act.
"I then went to sea again on non-union tankers to the Pacific
war zone — and was compelled to get back my seamen 's papers from
the Coast Guard, where I was told some N.M.U. officials had tried
to have them permanently canceled.
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 297
"I got a membership in the Marine Firemen, Oilers, Wipers
and Watertenders Assn., and shipped out as a chief electrician.
The party members constantly caused trouble for me on ships. In
August, 1946, I left a ship at Honolulu because of such trouble,
and flew to San Francisco, where I met Walter Stack, Joe Stack's
brother, Whitey Wurtz, and William Bailey — all admitted Com-
munist Party members, and who then held official positions in the
M.F.O.W.
"One afternoon Wurtz told me he had talked to Stack and
Bailey, and that if I would rejoin the Communist Party and play
ball, they would see that I got a full book in the Union. I had only
held a permit to ship up to that time. When I refused, he threatened
to have me expelled from the union.
"On the following day charges were preferred against me by
Walter J. Stack, then Chief Patrolman for the union. The second
paragraph sets forth my expulsion from the N.M.U., and I was
accused of being a labor spy, a labor disruptor, a Nazi, a collaborator
with Westbrook Pegler, a stool-pigeon and a pervert. I was tried at
Eagle Hall in San Francisco and completely cleared of these charges.
Fortunately for me, the Communist infiltration of the MFOW was
not as powerful as it was in the NMU, and the attempted character
assassination and expulsion backfired — since this Communist clique
— Stack, Bailey and Wurtz are no longer officers in the union,
although they are still members.
"Both Walter Stack and William Bailey are residents of San
Francisco, and both Randal Schmidt, alias Pete Smith, and Norval
Welch are frequent visitors on the San Francisco waterfront.
"I deeply regret my affiliation with Communist activities, and
sincerely hope that my experiences may help to alert the people to
the very real menace of 28 years of Communist penetration into
every phase of American life. The memory of my participation in
propagandizing and agitating is to me a constant source of shame
and regret. The same type of character assassination in my case is
only typical of the established technique of the Communists in labor
unions toward anyone who opposes their program. A constant threat
of expulsion on false charges hangs over all non-Communist union
members — the threat of depriving them of their livelihood and
smearing them in the labor movement.
"No statement in this affidavit is intended to reflect in any way
on the MFOW or any other union whose members and officers have
the knowledge, ability, courage and patriotism to combat Communist
infiltration, but the fight must be constant and vigorous. I know from
personal experience that constant exposure and public education is
necessary to successfully resist such a well-organized, thoroughly
disciplined minority as the Communist Party, every member of
which owes his primary allegiance to the Soviet Union.
" I am glad to state that neither the MFOW, nor the AFL water-
front unions are Communist dominated but are carrying on a suc-
cessful fight against infiltration.
' ' This affidavit was not solicited by the California Senate Com-
mittee on Un-American Activities. Having learned that representa-
tives of that Committee were in San Francisco, I voluntarily sought
298 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
to personally appear and testify, but was informed that any public
hearing would not be held while I was in San Francisco, as I planned
to ship out again about September 10th, 1947. 1 then offered to make
this affidavit.
(Signed)
GEORGE W. CROSBY
Subscribed and sworn to before me this 5th day of September,
1947.
(Signed)
R. E. COMBS
Counsel for California Senate Fact-finding Committee on Un-Amer-
ican Activities, SR No. 75.
COMMUNIST PERSECUTION
Martin Kaplan, a former member of the Marine Cooks and Stewards
Association, who was expelled because of his anti-Communist stand and
fight against Hugh Bryson and the Communist-controlled union, gave a
bit of interesting testimony at the Committee's Oakland hearing in 1947.
The testimony is as follows :
Q. (By Mr. Combs) : Mr. Kaplan, you testified, as you remem-
ber, at yesterday 's session of the committee, and you said something
about an eviction notice that you had received from Mr. Paul Pinsky.
Do you have that with you?
A. Yes, sir.
Q. May I have it, please ?
(Document handed by witness to counsel.)
The Witness : I'd like to explain that.
Mr. Combs : Just a minute.
Q. (By Mr. Combs) : Have you been in the room all morning?
A. No, sir.
Q. Were you here when the last witness testified that Mr. Paul
Pinsky was one of the organizers of Chapter 25 of the F.A.B.C.T. ?
A. Well, I heard a little something back there, but I didn 't get
it very clear.
Q. I see. All right. Is this Paul Pinsky, whose signature appears
on the document you handed to me, the same Paul Pinsky who was
State Director, State Research Director of the C.I.O.?
A. And also the Marine Cooks and Stewards Union.
Q. And also that union?
A. Yes, sir.
Q. When was this notice terminating your tenancy served on
you?
A. Well, at the time it happened I was in Los Angeles, and
they came and threw it in at my wife — just threw it at her, and I
just got back and she handed that to me. She said she got one
through the mail, and I 'd just like to explain.
Q. All right, just a minute.
Chairman Tenney: I think, Mr. Combs, that you might read
that into the record.
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 299
Mr. Combs : All right, Mr. Chairman. It reads as follows :
"Notice to Martin Kaplan, 768 7th Avenue, San Francisco, Cali-
fornia.
' ' This is to advise you that the premises of which you are
presently a tenant, at 768 7th Avenue, San Francisco, have
been sold to Patil Pinsky and Sarah Pinsky, his wife. From and
after the receipt of this notice all rentals formerly payable by
you to us should be paid to Mr. and Mrs. Pinsky, 1242 Pierce
Street, San Francisco, "
and it is dated September 24, 1947, and it's signed — the first name
on this is illegible to me — it 's Jacob Fisher and Rachel Fisher. And
the second notice of eviction is directed to the same address, giving
thirty days' notice and giving as the reason that it is the owner's
desire to use and occupy the property. This one is dated September
29, 1947 and is signed by Paul Pinsky and Sarah Pinsky.
Chairman Tenney : Mr. Kaplan, you wanted to make an expla-
nation.
The Witness: Yes, when we were in the Marine Cooks and
Stewards, we took our stand on Communism activity and we were
expelled and then we started going to the courts, and well, Mr.
Fisher owned the property at that time and there was three flats in
that building, three flats. And then, what do you know, all of a
sudden, like out of a clear sky, I get a notice that they want my flat —
and that 's after we get through painting the place and renovating it
at my own expense and he charges me $65 a month. Well, see, it
looked kinda suspicious that people would be so inhuman to want
to put us out like that. So I investigated the thing and what do I
find out ? I find out that Mr. Gladstein and Mr. Andersen of that law
firm in San Francisco, and Siebert, a lawyer there, is defending the
landlords. So it looked suspicious, so I looked into the thing and I
find out that Charles Fisher, who is the son of Mrs. Fisher and also
works for the California Bulletin as a copy man or something like
that, is supposed to be a veteran and he's living with Paul Pinsky
and he's his brother-in-law. We find out Paul Pinsky is the son-in-
law of Mrs. Fisher. However, we brought that up into the OPA
and laid it down before them and brought them in and questioned
them and found out that it was all on lack of faith. Then on top of
that he investigates that there $65 and he finds out that's exorbi-
tant and they've been overcharging me. It's only supposed to be
$30 and so it turns out that on that business they have to refund me
each $30 or else I can sue for triple the amount, so I came out the
gainer there. Now, when we won the case here in court on the con-
stitution— and it 's proven that was adopted illegally — it was on the
evidence of that they sent me a notice to get out, and my wife tells
me on the phone in Los Angeles about it. Well, when I get back we
investigate who owns the place and find out it's Paul Pinsky and
there was no money transaction there whatever. Usually there's a
money transaction — they charge you so much per thousand or
hundred
Mr. Combs: You mean the Internal Revenue Tax.
300 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
The Witness: That's right. So we investigated that and there's
no stamps or nothing, which means they just transferred it over to
change the membership to get me out. So Paul Pinsky, after all,
must be the instigator originally, and the law can't protect me and
the law says if a man has an apartment he has a right to get the
place in good faith. But there isn 't no good faith. They figure to get
me out no matter what, and I have a family and we don't know
what to do, and it's all these dirty, rotten, low-down, rotten, dirty
Communists. But I'll never give up. They can't scare me and I'll
keep right on fighting them. Of course, my wife may get irritated ;
she may not like it, but if she doesn't like it I'll send her back to
her mother. But I want to make it plain the tactics they use and
how they don 't stop at nothing and nothing 's sacred to them dirty
rats. He could have chosen any one of those three flats if he really
needed a place and Mr. and Mrs. Fisher seem to own all kinds
of property. These dirty Communists think the United States of
America is no good and they want to change the government and
they don't care how they do it. They wallow in wealth and take
advantage of people and overcharge them. I made a statement before
the OPA and this woman owns all kinds of property in San Fran-
cisco. All I can say is that it seems that I've got a faculty that I
always get in amongst these Communists, and believe you me, it
isn't funny when you have a family and you try to earn a liveli-
hood and those people try to ruin your life. It's no bed of roses.
I'll admit they're really well organized. How I'm going to come
out of this I don't know, and it's all because I gave that $20 to
fight these rats.
Chairman Tenney: They not only took away your union
membership, but they took away your job and home.
The Witness: That's right, and I'll hope for the best, but I
don 't know where it 's going to end. You never know what 's going to
happen when these Communist rats go against you.
AFFIDAVIT OF ALEX HARRIS
The following is the affidavit of Alex Harris, who testified at the
committee 's Oakland hearing in 1946 :
CITY AND COUNTY OF SAN FRANCISCO ) ss
STATE OF CALIFORNIA )
Alex Harris, of said city, county and State, first being duly
sworn, deposes and says :
"I was born in the City of New York on November 1, 1901, and
went to primary and grammar school there. My mother passed away
when I was about three months old. My father was in the Middle
West, and I was put in a foundling institution and later in an
orphan asylum. When I was about 13 I lived with my grandparents
and left school to work when I was 16.
"In 1915 there was a little restaurant in a basement on East
Broadway near Attorney Street, where socialists, radicals and mem-
bers of the Russian Marxist group used to meet. Among the Russians
was Leon Trotsky, who had fled from Europe to this Country. I
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 301
never actually talked with him, but often heard him arguing Marx-
ism with others. There was a settlement house just around the corner
from this restaurant, and after a bunch of us young fellows had a
workout at the gym, we used to go around to the restaurant — which
was a kind of neighborhood meeting place. The Trotsky group
would discuss the coming revolution in Russia, the fine points of
Marxism and criticize the defects of the capitalist system. We didn 't
understand what they were talking about, and used to ask this
whole group why they didn't get out of the United States if they
didn't like our government. This, of course, was two years before
the Russian revolution, and we never heard Communism mentioned.
To the young men in my group, these older men who sat with
Trotsky were just radicals — we used to call them "spittoon philoso-
phers." In 1916 Trotsky announced that he was going to England
— and I never saw him again. If I remember right, he was working
in an eastside tailor shop. It wasn't until three or four years later
that I found out from one of my friends that Trotsky had been
one of the leaders in the 1917 Russian revolution.
' * After working in New York at various jobs, I came to Oakland
in 1927, worked for the Pullman Company. Then I came to San
Francisco and shipped out as an ordinary seaman on the 8.8.
Willwellow, a Williams line ship. My salary was $25 per month — and
although my life up to this time had not been very easy, I had never
realized what conditions on a ship could be. There were nine or ten
men who slept in one small, badly ventilated f o 'castle ; my bunk was
directly over the steering apparatus, which vibrated and rumbled so
much that sleep was almost impossible. We got one cold storage egg
apiece every Sunday, and you could smell them as soon as they were
brought out of the mess-room. Our only fruit was one orange once
a week. The meat was mouldy, the mush was often full of weevils —
in fact some of the men got so sick on this food they had to leave
the ship. There was no linen on the bunks — just some dirty blankets.
We not only worked all day, but often late at night in dirty bilges
and doing any other jobs. We weren't permitted to turn in until
this night work was finished. At the start of the trip the vessel
sprang a leak in her oil line, and instead of stopping at an available
port for repairs, we were ordered to continue, and during the entire
voyage to New York along the coast the oil was constantly leaking
into the crew quarters. Each day we scattered sawdust over the floor,
but the condition was almost unbearable. When we started through
the Panama Canal the oil leak was plugged, as we had to stand inspec-
tion. As soon as we sailed out the other end of the canal, however,
the leak started again and continued until we reached New York.
"At this time the ship owners were paying as little as possible
for as much work as they could squeeze out of their crews. All ships
— that is, freighters — weren't as bad as the Willwellow, but the
general conditions were very bad. The men were constantly com-
plaining, many of them were jumping ship, but there was lots of
help available and the shipowners were taking every advantage of
the situation. When we reached New York I left the Willwellow, and
worked in the East until 1932, when I came back to the West Coast.
302 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Until 1935 1 worked at various places in California ; jobs were getting
scarce, so in September or October I went down to 86 Commercial
Street, San Francisco, the Marine Cooks and Stewards Hall, joined
the union and got a probationary trip card. In December, 1935, or
January, 1936, I shipped out as a scullion on the Matson ship S.8.
Monterey bound for Australia. Conditions on this vessel were much
better than they had been on the Willwellow, but they were far
from good. My wages were $50 a month, plus room and board. The
room, commonly called a glory -hole, was down below the water line,
had no port holes and practically no ventilation — there were always
from 60 to 80 men sleeping there at one time, and when the ship
sailed through the tropics the odor from dirty, sweaty clothes was
almost unbearable. The food was bad. We were told we could have
the same food as the passengers ate — but apparently the passengers
were awfully hungry or the cook never prepared too much — because
our food always came out of the same old pot, and was never varied
much, since we usually got the same food for three or four meals
in a row.
"By this time there were several Communists on most vessels.
They were alert for complaints from the crew, and were taking
advantage of the conditions created by the shipowners. By selecting
the most dissatisfied men, sympathizing with them and stirring up
trouble, it was quite simple for these Communists to persuade crew
members to join the party. We had just gone through the San
Francisco General Strike in 1934, and the Communists were con-
stantly agitating, causing trouble aboard the ships, and tried to
keep the morale off-balance. During this period the Communists
never revealed that they were party members, but criticized the
capitalist shipowners, and the capitalist system in general.
"I later made four or five trips on the Monterey. On the first
trip, the ships' delegate from the Marine Cooks and Stewards was
a man named John N. Sneddon, a waiter. This being my first voyage
as a union man, I naturally called on Sneddon for advice and
approved of his activities. He was replaced, on my second voyage,
by Bill Lonergan (Lonergon), as delegate. He, like Sneddon, was
always telling us that we had better get shorter hours, more pay
and generally better conditions — Lonergan was very militant in his
demands for the men, and made himself quite popular.
"On the third trip there was quite a large clique of us in the
Marine Cooks and Stewards Union, and I now realized that we were
unwittingly doing work for a few Communists who remained in
the background, concealed their party membership, and by meeting
secretly with each other, planned the program of agitation, and
influenced our group to spread the propaganda among the other
men. On this third trip some of us found Communist literature on
our bunks — apparently innocent material that the average seaman
would go for — the magazine called "The Communist/' "The Party
Organizer," pamphlets against discrimination and such material.
There was virtually no reading matter aboard ship at this time,
and after a few days at sea a man will even read a telephone book —
so while this Communist propaganda probably wouldn't have been
read on shore, it was read from cover to cover at sea. This material
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 303
was discussed, and there always seemed to be somebody around to
lead the discussion and agree with everything in the particular
book or pamphlet. There were always suggestions made that mem-
bers of the crews go to hear Communist speakers, then to buy more
party literature at Communist book shops — thus moving the prospec-
tive recruits a little closer to actually joining the party.
"This sort of activity went on during several voyages, arid I
was convinced that working conditions for seamen were terrible,
and that something should be done about it. Complaints to the ship-
owners did absolutely no good at all ; complaints to the union officials
did no good, either. The only people who seemed to be doing any
thing at all to improve conditions were the Communists. I then
started to buy literature at the Maritime Book Store, 15 Embarca-
dero Street, San Francisco, and to attend open Communist lectures
and forums. This was in 1937.
' ' One night some of us went to a Greek tea house, upstairs on
Third Street between Folsom and Harrison Streets in San Francisco,
to hear a talk by a former longshoreman who had just returned from
organizing the cannery workers in Alaska. I can't remember his
first name, but his last name was Wolff. His main point was that
the working man could never improve his condition without a
solid, militant organization to lead, and that the Communist Party
was the only organization through which the job could be done. He
indicated that such Communist leadership accomplished organizing
the cannery workers in Alaska, and that the party was the vanguard
of the working classes all over the world. I later learned that each
Communist had been instructed to bring one non-Communist to
this meeting. The party had a powerful faction in the Marine Cooks
and Stewards by this time. The meeting was actually an open forum
of the waterfront section of the Communist Party of San Francisco.
A great deal of enthusiasm was whipped up at this meeting, and
all guests, including myself, were asked to join the party. Pete
Mendelsohn and Paul Boyles, took me to this forum. Other Com-
munists present were : Revels Cayton, William Lonergan, and others
whose names I have forgotten. I joined the Communist Party at
this meeting. This was late in 1937 or early in 1938.
"From that time on I regularly attended all party meetings,
fraction caucases and other functions whenever I was in port. The
caucases were then held on Wednesdays, usually at 779 Vallejo
Street, where the strategy was planned for our Marine Cooks and
Stewards Union meetings, which were held on Thursdays. I was
also frequently instructed to attend what we termed top fraction
meetings, composed of a few members of the Communist fraction
in the union. Invariably at these top fraction meetings there were
Paul Boyles, Revels Cayton, Frank McCormick, a very highly
educated Chinaman — whose name I can't recall — John Sneddon,
and John Lamonea who was Chairman of the Waterfront Section.
This top fraction met on Monday or Tuesday. The Wednesday meet-
ing at 779 Vallejo Street, was divided into two parts and first the
whole Waterfront Section met. Then the Communists from the vari-
ous unions held separate meetings in adjacent rooms. In our union.
304 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
the Marine Cooks and Stewards, the top fraction members who had
met a day or so before, would come into the room and tell the other
Communists what they had to do at the union meeting the next
day. No explanation and no reasons were ever given. The top fraction
made the decision and issued the orders — and that was that. Then
we all went to the union meeting, each man with his particular
assignment. We knew exactly what line to follow, what resolution
to sponsor or oppose.
"In other words, the top fraction Communists met first and
decided what should be done. On the next night the Waterfront
Section would meet, and at that meeting party members in each
union would hold separate meetings where the top fraction in each
instance would announce the program and issue the orders and brief
the members for the general union meeting. Thus a small Communist
fraction in these unions exerted a powerful influence.
' ' These top fraction meetings, of course, weren 't limited to the
Marine Cooks and Stewards Union. While our top fraction was
briefing us, the top fractions of the Marine Firemans Union and the
Sailors Union of the Pacific were doing the same thing.
"Having met with the top fraction of the Marine Cooks and
Stewards myself, I became familiar with this system — but I never
found out who issued the orders to the top fraction. The Communists
in the Longshoremen 's and Warehousemen 's Unions met separately
— never with the Waterfront Section so far as I know. During this
period some Communists from the Eadio Operators, Master Mates
and Pilots, and Marine Engineers Unions used to meet with us;
there were only a few from each of these unions. I understand they
are fairly well infiltrated now.
' ' I was a member of the Communist Party for about a year and a
half. My main interest was to improve the working conditions and
obtain decent wages for seamen. I never had the patience to make
any serious study of Marxist principles, and could never understand
why the party spent so much time praising Russia and damning the
United States instead of trying to hold the workers. There were
resolutions at our union meetings about recruiting for the Lincoln
Brigade and donations for Spain and all sorts of matters sponsored
by the Communists, and less and less attention was devoted to really
trying to improve working conditions.
"The main objective was to replace all officers in the Marine
Cooks and Stewards Union with Communists, and almost all strategy
was along that line. When I became a Communist there were not
more than 50 party members in the union, out of a total member-
ship of approximately 5,000 ; that is, in San Francisco. During 1936-
1937, there was a strike, however, and the Communists increased the
strength of their fraction to about 200. Now I would estimate the
Communists in the union to number at least 500. I am speaking of
actual members, only — not sympathizers.
"At top fraction meetings we plotted an attack on each non-
Communist officer in the union, and the entire fraction was instructed
to spread the poison — one officer was accused of being a drunk,
another was guilty of discrimination ; another was a thief, another
a stool pigeon for the shipowners, and so on. This type of attack
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 305
was very successful. We planted party members at key places around
the union hall at meetings, and heckled and confused every anti-
Communist speaker and everyone who opposed our program; we
submitted long series of resolutions and motions, made long, dry
and out of order speeches, and so dragged out the meetings that
most of the non-Communist members would get disgusted and fail
to show up at other meetings. When the attendance had been whittled
down in this manner all the Communists would attend and easily
put over their programs. We used to ask for lots of committees in
the union, because the officers were incapable of handling routine
matters, thus helping to discredit them in the eyes of the rank and
file membership.
''All good party members will always attend every single
union meeting, and he comes early arid stays late. Nothing is ever
allowed to interfere — family life, business, social activities, nothing.
Non-Communist members usually are looking for any weak excuse
to stay away from meetings. The Communist fraction in a union is
well trained. Every member knows exactly what he is to do at every
important meeting; the Communist minority votes in a solid bloc
while it works to disrupt and confuse the unorganized non-Com-
munist majority. Many non-Communist union officers will weaken
and quit under fire. A Communist officer is never permitted to
resign under fire.
"It was decided, however, that the activity should be stepped
up, but in spite of everything we did when I was in the party we
couldn't take over control of the union. Up to this time, late in
1937, the union had been affiliated with the A.F.L., and there was
much agitation on the part of the Communists to switch it to the
C.I.O., because in the A.F.L. international organization the party
met many obstacles, and it was decided that affiliation with the
C.I.O. would make the capture of the union much easier.
"A party caucus was called, and Communists were selected to
be sent from San Francisco to Marine Cooks and Stewards ' Branches
at Seattle, Portland and Wilmington to lay the ground work for
affiliation with the C.I.O. It was announced at this caucus, which I
attended, that the C.I.O. would provide funds to pay the expenses
of these Communist organizers. The caucus was, incidentally, held
in Frank McCormick 's hotel, the Occidental, on Montgomery Street.
A few days later another caucus was held at the Lincoln Hotel,
where Revels Cayton lived. It was decided that I should be sent to
Wilmington, and my expense money was sent to me by Johnny
Lamonia, Chairman of the Waterfront Section of the Communist
Party. After this preparatory work had been done, an election was
held which purported to be a straw vote — but when the favorable
result was announced, the Communists managed to have the straw
vote declared to be the official vote, and the Marine Cooks and
Stewards was affiliated with the C.I.O. Of course, if the balloting
had been unfavorable, the party would have declared the election a
test vote and taken additional time to do more propaganda work.
21— L-7088-D
306 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
' ' I remember that just before I left San Francisco for Wilming-
ton to do part of the work for the party in preparing for this elec-
tion, Revels Cayton instructed me to undermine Joe 0 'Connor, who
was our port agent at Wilmington. Cayton told me that O'Connor
had been expelled from the Communist Party in 1934, that he was
a confirmed drunkard and a degenerate and couldn't be trusted. I
accordingly got into O'Connor's confidence and persuaded him to
advocate the affiliation with the C.I.O. I was unable to undermine
him in the time I had, and so far as I know he is still port agent.
''The old line union men who had been in the A.F. of L. for
many years were extremely bitter over this election, and under the
leadership of a man named Boston Hunt, who was the union dis-
patcher, soon developed into a purely anti-Communist faction. The
top faction of the party in our union therefore decided to undermine
Hunt. This was early in 1938. The whole Communist faction went
to work in the usual manner. -Hunt was called a Trotskyite, a labor
spy, incompetent, and every other bad thing that might poison the
rank and file membership against him.
"Joe O'Connor, the port agent at Wilmington, had issued cre-
dentials to Hunt, authorizing him to attend an A. F. of L. conven-
tion at Wilmington as a delegate from the Marine Cooks and
Stewards Union, on the theory that the so-called straw vote was
invalid.
* ' We Communists immediately held another top fraction meet-
ing, and Revels Cayton announced that this was a good chance to
purge Hunt. He was accordingly brought up on charges that he
had illegally attended the A.F.L. convention. We were so anxious
to get rid of Hunt that we managed to have a Communist named
Ralph Harvath and myself appointed on the trial committee with
instructions as to exactly what verdict we should render and what
sentence to recommend before the trial was held. The verdict was
guilty, the sentence was expulsion from the union. The three other
members of the trial committee were not Communists. It seemed
to me that outright expulsion over a technicality was too severe,
and I protested. The top fraction insisted on expulsion. I then went
to State Communist Headquarters, then located at 121 Haight
Street, with William Lonergan and we protested to Frank Spector
and William Schneiderman, high party officers. They reprimanded
us for not accepting the orders of the top fraction and insisted that
the program be put through. The three other members of the trial
committee voted for one year 's suspension, and Harvath and I dis-
obeyed the party and concurred in the decision. For this deviation
from party discipline both Harvath and I were threatened with
expulsion from the union and reprimanded, and the work I had
done in Wilmington was supposed to have saved me. The party then
hounded Hunt from one job to another, had him fired, smeared his
character and subjected him to constant persecution. When Hunt
came back for reinstatement at the end of a year, the Communists
were more powerful, and expelled him on the ground that he had
violated his probation by shipping out from Seattle.
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 307
"This matter disgusted me with the Communists. I had been
in the party about a year and a half. During that time I learned
that there was nothing democratic in the party. The leaders were
always preaching civil liberties and democratic freedom, yet the
handful of autocratic leaders ruled the party like a group of little
Tsars. No real decision was left to ordinary party members, who
were only supposed to execute the orders from their superiors. The
constant campaign of character assassination, undermining, treach-
ery and deceit was simply to much for me to take any longer. It was
about this time, too, the the party was launching its campaign of
racial equality and encouraging association between white women
and negro men. I can positively state from my own knowledge that
white women members of the party were actually instructed to
engage in sexual relations with negro men as a means of getting them
to join the party. I decided that if this was how the so-called van-
guard of the working classes operated, I wanted no part of it. The
Communists preach against discrimination, but it discriminates
viciously against everyone who presumes to disagree with its pro-
gram.
"When I became a Communist I joined because I thought the
party was sincere in trying to help the workers. Now I know better.
I know that Communism is as ruthless and absolute a Fascist organi-
zation as Hitler 's Gestapo ; that it seeks to destroy this government
by fair means or foul ; that it has no interest in the workers or the
labor movement except to use them for its own purposes, and the
same goes for their tenderness toward racial minority groups ; and
being a Jew I know what I'm saying.
"I resigned from the party early in 1938, and threw my mem-
bership book in the faces of Comrades Cayton and Boyles. Since
that time I have done all I could to fight Communism. As a result
I have been expelled from the Marine Cooks and Stewards, black-
listed with other unions and smeared like all the others who opposed
the Communist program.
"It is a pleasure to see that the American people are just
beginning to realize the real danger of Communism. As a former
party member I know that these traitors must be smoked out of
their holes constantly; and then the holes should be fumigated,
because Communism is like a disease, and it thrives on poverty and
unemployment.
' * In addition to expelling me from the union in 1945, the Com-
munists, who now dominate it completely, have also expelled at
least 19 others, and hundreds of others have quit the union because
they didn't want to belong to a Communist-dominated labor organi-
zation.
"President of the Marine Cooks and Stewards at the present
time is Hugh Bryson. In 1938 he was an insignificant young Com-
munist. For years he, like the rest of us, denied his party member-
ship, and called anyone who accused him of being a Communist a
red-baiter. But in 1945, Russia having just won the war for the
United States, according to the party line, Bryson became bolder.
At a regular meeting of the union during the latter part of August,
308 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
1945, I asked him directly if he was a Communist, and he said that
he was and proud of it. He added that the long-range program of
the Communist Party was more important than the affairs of an
insignificant union.
( Signed ) ALEX HARRIS
Subscribed and sworn to before me this thirtieth day of Septem-
ber, 1947.
(Signed) R. B. COMBS
Counsel, California Senate Fact-Finding Committee on un-Ameri-
can Activities, Senate Resolution No. 75.
The committee finds that the Marine Cooks and Stewards Union is
completely dominated by the Communist Party through such Com-
munists as Hugh Bryson. Legislation must be enacted that will nullify
such organizations as bargaining agents for the protection of both the
decent American members, the employers, and the public in general.
MOBILIZATION FOR DEMOCRACY
This organization was found to be a Communist front by the Legis-
lative Committee investigating Un-American Activities in California
1945-1947. (For detailed account of this organization see the committee's
1947 report).
Robert W. Kenny was the " front" used by Communist strategists
in calling a conference at the Royal Palms Hotel, 360 Westlake Avenue
in Los Angeles, July 17, 1945. The purported objective of the conference
was to organize to combat racial persecution and the activities of Gerald
L. K. Smith, and many loyal citizens participated, not realizing that
they were being "involved," in a Communist program. When the true
Communist character of the organization was disclosed most of the
"innocents" indignantly withdrew.
The executive committee of the meeting in question was composed of
Robert W. Kenny, George Stiller, Eleanor Abowitz, Anne and Francis
Polack, Carey McWilliams, Leo Gallagher, and Albert Dekker. Among
the organizations represented were the Hollywood Independent Citizens
Committee of The Arts, Sciences and Professions, and The Abraham
Lincoln Brigade.
Out of the conference of July 17, 1945, came a so-called "Giant
Anti-Smith Meeting ' ' at the Olympic Auditorium on the evening of July
20, 1945. Better than $12,000 was collected at this meeting, of which
approximately $7,000 was a net profit. It had been agreed that G.
Raymond Booth, a sincere and trusting member of the Society of Friends,
was to receive the net sum collected at the meeting for the use of his
organization, the Council for Civic Unity. Booth had been "involved"
by this promise and believed that the Kenny group was sincerely attempt-
ing to do a job compatible with the purpose of the Council for Civic
Unity. It should be needless to say that Booth never received any part of
the money collected and promised for his organization. Instead, he found
himself enmeshed in a tangle of Communist intrigue.
Because of the confusion surrounding G. Raymond Booth and his
organization, the Council for Civic Unity, the committee pauses here
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 309
to point out that Booth is a sincere gentleman, honestly attempting to
perform a public service as he views it, in an American way. The Council
of Civic Unity was heavily infiltrated by the usual Communist gang and
Mr. Booth made a real effort to cleanse it of its unholy elements. Booth 's
efforts in this direction were probably contributing factors to the creation
of a real Communist front in the same field. An effort was made to absorb
the Council for Civic Unity, but Mr. Booth was wary. He had found his
Council for Civic Unity being pushed into Communist projects by such
notorious characters as Herbert K. Sorrell, Albert Dekker, Augustus
Hawkins, Philip Connolly, and others, and hence was forewarned when
he found these left-stalwarts in the group pulling the strings at the
" Giant Anti-Smith Meeting" at the Olympic Auditorium, July 20, 1945.
The Communist inspired Mobilization for Democracy was the organi-
zation spawned at the Olympic Auditorium. By the time the group
gathered for its third meeting at the Los Angeles City College, August
26, 1945, the Communist control was obvious. At this meeting we find
John Howard Lawson, Pauline Lauber (Finn), Dr. Franklin Fearing,
Emmet Lavery, Dr. Frank Davis, Carey Me Williams, Ellis E. Patterson,
Augustus Hawkins, Orville Caldwell, Dr. Leonard Bloom, Philip M.
Connelly, and Eleanor Abowitz. The tip-off came when someone proposed
a resolution calling upon the organization to express its opposition to
Communism as well as Fascism. The then Attorney General, Robert W.
Kenny, adroitly smothered the resolution and the Communist character
of the group was firmly established.
Various panel discussion groups reported recommendations at this
meeting. Among these recommendations were propositions to established
* ' compulsory educational courses on racial relations for all police officers ' '
and for the public schools ; the formation of a " Model Community Anti-
Fascist Plan;" the organization of "neighborhood block meetings" to
combat Fascism; a series of special lectures and seminars to be con-
ducted by Dr. Franklin Fearing ; the utilization of the Newsboys Union
for the distribution of propaganda to be prepared by the Mobilization
for Democracy ; the inauguration of a series of radio programs patterned
after the Town Meeting Forum of the Air and prepared by the Mobiliza-
tion for Democracy ; the preparation and distribution of ' ' appropriate ' '
booklets and pamphlets; widespread exhibition of "appropriate" 16
millimeter films ; and ' ' financial support to, and endorsement of, a state-
wide committee for the establishment of a Fair Employment Practices
Commission to be headed by Robert W. Kenny, Bartley Crum, Walter
Wanger and Isaac Pacht."
(Jerry Pacht, son of Isaac Pacht, was a speaker for American
Youth for Democracy, successor to the Young Communist League. Bartley
Crum is one of the state sponsors of this Communist front for youth.)
Headquarters for the Mobilization for Democracy was announced
as being in the Wilcox Building where such Communist and Communist-
front organizations as the Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee, Spanish
Speaking Peoples Congress, and the People's Daily World maintain
offices.
310 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
MOTION PICTURE ARTISTS' COMMITTEE
The personnel of this committee clearly indicates its character as a
Communist-front organization. Dashiell Hammett, the chairman, has a
long record as a Communist sympathizer. He has been active in the
Communist front, the National Federation for Constitutional Liberties.
William Gropper has attained fame in Communist circles as a Communist
cartoonist. Kyle Crichton, alias Robert Forsythe, is a well known Com-
munist writer for the New Masses.
Sylvia Sidney was vice chairman of the Motion Picture Artists'
Committee. Tatiana Tuttle was the treasurer. Vera Harris was executive
secretary and Charles Page was secretary. The executive board was com-
posed of the following : Philip Dunne, Melvyn Douglas, Frances Farmer,
Harold Goldman, Johnny Green, Lewis Milestone, Dudley Nichols,
Dorothy Parker, Luise Rainer, Madeline Ruthven, Gale Sondergaard,
Donald Ogden Stewart, Nathaneal West, and Anna May Wong.
The national sponsors of the Motion Picture Artists' Committee
were Albert Einstein, Congressman John M. Coffee, Congressman Henry
G. Teigan, Paul Manship, Rockwell Kent, Martha Graham, Ernest
Hemingway, Archibald MacLeish, Congressman Jerry O'Connell, Con-
gressman John T. Bernard, William Gropper, Stuart Davis, Anga
Enters, Kyle Crichton, and Professor Robert A. Brady.
The headquarters of the organization was located at 6305 Yucca
Street in Hollywood. The telephone number was Hillside 7361.
Among those who sponsored a fund drive in conjunction with the
Communist front, North American Committee to Aid Spanish Democracy,
and the Medical Bureau to Aid Spanish Democracy, connected with the
Motion Picture Artists' Committee, are the following: Herbert Biber-
man, Sidney Buchman, Humphrey Cobb, Florence Eldridge. (Mrs.
Frederic March), Lewis Milestone, Dudley Nichols, Sampson Raphael-
son, Madeline Ruthven, Donald Ogden Stewart, Franchot Tone, Charles
Page, Dr. Herbert Alexander, Sherwood Anderson, Richard Arlen,
Melvyn Douglas, Theodore Dreiser, Robert W. Kenny, Archibald Mac-
Leish, Paul Muni, and Sylvia Sidney.
MUSICIANS' CONGRESS COMMITTEE
This front was organized for the purpose of "involving" non-
Communist musicians in communist activities. The technique is designed
to draw non-Communist individuals into a movement touching upon
particular interests, and gradually involving them in Communist
activities with known Communists. The trick is a two-edged sword. When
the front is attacked as Communistic the unwary non-Communists mem-
bers, reacting to normal impulses, defend the organization and act as
a shield for the Communist members, or, having discovered the true
purposes of the group, they are held captive and silent because of
unwitting cooperation with the Communists. The middle course is obvious.
Having been ''involved" and thrown into association with "Big Shot"
Communist leaders and sold on the surface objectives of Communism
they are recruited into the party.
The Musicians' Congress Committee was organized early in 1944.
A symposium on "Culture and Democracy" was held May 24, 1944 at
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 311
8.15 p.m. at the Woman's Club of Hollywood, located at Hollywood
Boulevard and La Brea in Los Angeles.
Dalton Trumbo was scheduled as a speaker on "The Function of
Culture.'9 Lena Home spoke on "The Negro Artist in American Cul-
ture"; Gene Kelly expounded on "The Role of the Actor"; Sumner
Spaulding spoke on "Architectural Environment of Modern Culture";
and George Antheil appeared for the Musicians' Congress Committee.
Dr. Walter Rubsamen, of the University of California at Los Angeles,
was announced as chairman of the symposium.
Among other Communist fronts organized for musicians was the
Musicians' Committee to Aid Spanish Democracy. Jules Yanover was
the secretary of this organization, and Pablo Casals, was honorary chair-
man. Sponsors of the organization are as follows : Clarence Adler, Leon
Barzin, Marion Bauer, Emanuel Bay, Marc Blitzstein, Vera Brodsky,
Samuel Chotzinoff, Edward Gushing, Olin Downes, Albert Einstein,
Rudolph Ganz, Alma Gluck, Leopold Godowsky, Dr. Percy Goetschius,
Sascha Gorodnitzky, John Hammond, Howard Hanson, Roy Harris,
Arthur Hartmann, Alfred Hertz, Carroll Hollister, Louise Homer,
Sidney Homer, Sol Hurok, Frederick Jacobi, Philip James, Harry
Kauffman, A. Walter Kramer, Serge Koussevitzky, William Kroll, Frank
LaForge, Ray Lev, Irene Lewishown, Manfred Malkin, Harry C. Oppen-
heim, Erno Rapee, Fritz Reiner, Wallingford Riegger, Gilbert Ross,
Beryl Rubinstein, Alexander Smallens, Sigmund Spaeth, Dr. David
Stanley Smith, Virgil Thomson, Maurice Van Praag, Edgar Vareso,
Alfred Wallenstein, Dr. Ernest Victor Wolf, and Efrem Zimbalist.
In 1939 the Communist fraction in the Los Angeles Musicians'
Union, Local 47, organized a Communist front which became known as
the Musicians ' Democratic Committee. It was designated the ' ' Hollywood
Chapter" with headquarters at 1558 North Vine Street in Hollywood.
The telephone number was GRanite 5136. The letterhead of the organi-
zation stated that the group was "Affiliated with the Motion Picture
Democratic Committee. ' '
The officers of the Musicians' Democratic Committee were Alfred
Newman, Mischa Altman, David Broekman, Frances Langford, Wayne
Ronka, and Haakon Bergh.
The members of the executive board of the Musicians' Democratic
Committee were Max Steiner, Joseph Achron, Robert Russell Bennett,
Jerome Kern, Roy Webb, Louis Silvers, Marek Windheim, Oscar Wasser-
berger, Doris Alberts, Sam Alberts, Lou Raderman, Victor Goeffrion,
Jack Cave, Joseph Di Fiore, George Campbell, Michel Perriere, Paul
Robyn, Leon Arnaud, Herbert Offner, Urban Thielmann, Anne Ronnell,
and Gordon Pope.
Among the Communist musicians in Los Angeles, as indicated by
Communist Party cards, are the following : Herbert Lessner, alias Hebert
Henry ; Victor Berton, alias Paul Burke ; Saul Posner ; Lawrence Kay
(true name unknown) ; Peter Adams; Todd Gregory, alias Fred Long;
Wayne Ronka, alias William Roberts ; Peter Smodoff, alias Peter Sniadoff,
alias Peter Fodain; George E. Williams, alias George Edmunds; Harry
Bailey, alias Carl Simmons ; Alfredo Palacios, alias Fred Smith ; Margaret
Campbell ; Frank Valley ; Charles Evans, alias John Harland ; Al Hague,
William Detiere (Singer) • Bob Henderson (true name unknown) ;
312 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
George Harvey (true name unknown) ; Rita Maiden; Doris Mailey ; and
Nathan Titleman, alias Nat Turner.
Herbert Lessner, alias Hebert Henry, joined the Communist Party
in 1937. He was a musician by occupation and a member of Los Angeles
Musicians' Union 47. The Communist Party assigned Lessner to the Bay
Cities Section in 1938. His address was 174 North La Brea, Los Angeles,
at the time he joined the party.
Victor Berton, alias Paul Burke, lived at 18731 Calvert, Reseda, on
January 21, 1938, when he became a member of the Communist Party.
He gave his age as 42 and was born in the United States. He is a musician
by occupation, a member of Musicians' Union, Local 47, and was
employed in the studios. He was sponsored by Leona McGenty of the
Professional Section, Unit 130, and was listed as being affiliated with the
Hollywood Anti-Nazi League. The Communist Party assigned him to
the Professional Section, unattached.
Saul Posner joined the Communist Party in 1936. He was born in the
United States, was a musician by occupation, employed in the motion
picture studios. The Communist registration card listed him as a member
of Los Angeles Musicians' Union, Local 47. His 1937 Communist Party
membership book was number 80737, and his book for 1938 was number
60444. He was assigned to ' ' Special Studio Unit No. 1. ' '
Lawrence Kay or Kay Lawrence is an alias and the true name of the
individual is unknown. She was listed as an American, age 30, at the time
she joined the Communist Party. She was a musician by occupation,
employed in the motion picture studios. She was listed as a member of
the Screen Actors ' Guild and a member of Local 47 of the Los Angeles
Musicians ' Union. She was assigned to ' ' Special Studios Unit No. 2 ' ' and
listed as the secretary of the ''Musicians' Fraction." Her 1937 Commu-
nist Party membership book was number 54181 and the 1938 book number
60413.
Peter Adams is an alias. He joined the Communist Party in 1937
and was listed as a musician. He was assigned to "Special Studio Unit
No. 3." He held 1937 Communist Party membership book number 75289
and 1938 Communist Party membership book number 60410.
Todd Gregory, alias Fred Long, was registered as residing at 8521
Santa Fe, when he joined the Communist Party in 1937. He is listed as
a musician by occupation and "formerly employed at the Sunset Club."
He is a member of Local 47 of the Musicians' Union in Los Angeles. The
Communist Party assigned him to the "Goodyear Section-Member at
Large. ' '
Wayne Ronka, alias William Roberts, resided at 1301 Montana
Street, according to the Communist Party registration card, in 1938. He
joined the Communist Party in 1936 when he was 30 years of age. He was
born in the United States, a musician by occupation, and employed in
motion picture studios and in radio. He attended the Los Angeles County
Communist Party Workers School. In 1937 he was assigned to "Special
Studio Unit No. 5," and later to the Hollywood Sub-Section Unit J-l in
1937 and 1938. His 1937 Communist Party membership book was number
80664 and his 1938 book was number 58856.
Peter Sniadoff (or Peter Smodoff), alias Peter Fodain, resided at
7089 Hawthorne Avenue when he joined the Communist Party in 1937.
He was born in Russia and was 43 years of age when he joined the party.
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 313
He was listed as a member of the Los Angeles Musicians' Union, Local 47,
and was a member of the Hollywood Anti-Nazi League. His 1938 Com-
munist Party membership book was number 60376. He was assigned to
the Fifty-seventh Assembly District branch of the Communist Party and
became branch educational director.
George E. Williams, alias George Edmunds, American born, joined
the Communist Party in 1936. He gave his age as 72 and he is listed as
a retired Musicians ' Union organizer. He was a member of the Townsend
Plan movement and had six children. He was assigned by the Communist
Party to the "A.D. Branch 61-63 Goodyear Section. "
Harry Bailey, alias Carl Simmons, was 28 years of age when he
joined the Communist Party in 1936. He was born in the United States.
His Communist registration card states that he was employed as a writer
by the Columbia Broadcasting Company. He was a member of the Chicago
Musicians' Union, Local 10. His address was given as 5230 Clinton
Avenue. The card lists Bailey as a " Member of C. P. at large. "
Alfredo Palacios, alias Fred Smith, was 28 years of age when he
joined the Communist Party. His 1938 address, on the Communist Party
registration card, was 1336 North Mansfield. His 1939 address is given as
6709 Selma Avenue. He is listed as a member of Los Angeles Local 47 of
the American Federation of Musicians.
Margaret Campbell, when she joined the Communist Party in 1933,
gave her address as 4266 Tujunga, North Hollywood. She was 26 years
of age and was a citizen of the United States. The Communist Party regis-
tration card lists her as a musician by occupation, employed at the Valley
Playground. She was a member of the "San Fernando A. D. Branch 42."
Frank Valley lived at 840 Manzanita Avenue, Los Angeles, when he
joined the Communist Party in 1937. His Communist registration card
lists him as having been born in the United States ; male, Negro, age 24.
He is listed as a member of Los Angeles Musicians' Local 767 and a mem-
ber of the Pasadena Branch of the Young Communist League.
Charles Evans, alias John Harland, is listed as a male, Negro, age 28,
at the time he joined the Communist Party in 1937. His 1938 address is
listed as 1463 Angelus, Los Angeles. His 1939 address is given as 4385
Sunset Boulevard. The card states that Evans is a musician by occupation
and a member of the Negro Los Angeles Local of the Musicians' Union,
767. He was employed by the Swanee Inn, located at 133 North La Brea
in Los Angeles. He was assigned to the Fifty-sixth Assembly District
Branch of the Communist Party. His 1938 Communist Party membership
book is number 70738 and his 1939 membership book was 1250.
Al Hague, alias William Detiere, lived at 152 West 24th Street, Los
Angeles, when he joined the Communist Party. His age is given as 37.
His occupation is listed as a singer, employed by the Federal Music
Project. He was a job steward for the Workers Alliance of America and
was assigned to the Professional Unit, unattached.
Bob Henderson is an alias for a musician whose name is unknown.
In many cases the Communist Party registration cards do not reveal the
real name of the individual in question. Henderson joined the Communist
Party in 1937 and the card lists him as a member of the Los Angeles
Musicians' Union and the Masonic Lodge. He was employed part time in
the motion picture studios.
314 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
George Harvey is a Communist Party alias. He joined the Commu-
nist Party in 1937 at the age of 33. He was born in Canada and is a
naturalized American citizen. He was employed in the studios on a part
time basis and was a member of the Los Angeles Musicians' Union
Local 47.
Rita Maiden is also a Communist Party alias. Only her address, 1233
Elden Street, is listed on the Communist Party registration card.
Doris Marley is another Communist Party alias. The only informa-
tion given in the Communist Party records is that she was assigned to
" Professional No. 1."
Nathan Titleman, alias Nat Turner, is listed as having been assigned
to the Communist Boyle Heights Unit 3. His address is given as 529 North
Cummings, Los Angeles.
A typical Communist fraction meeting is revealed by the following
minutes for May 21, 1938, signed by M. M. Furman, secretary.
Recommendations made for tactics at general meeting:
a. Follow key men.
b. Try to bring up the legislation for committees first.
c. Not to approve the minutes.
d. Make it a point to stay to the very end of the meeting.
e. Not to mention personalities.
f . Meet with steering committee J hour before general meeting.
g. Disperse over the hall during meetings.
h. Call as many people as possible and stress the urgency of
being down at the meeting in order to vote in the committees
and vote down the referendum.
Bill submitted for the printing and mailing of the Progressive
Manual with a balance due of $200.89.
Moved and so ordered that this group contribute to this bill.
Volunteered for treasurer, Perriere.
Among the members of the Communist fraction in Local 47, in 1938
and 1939, were the following: Mischa Altman, Doris and Sam Albert,
Herbert Offner, Lou Raderman, Haakon Bergh, Michel Perriere, Joseph
DiFiore, Paul Robyn, George Bassman, Sam Zimbalist, and Jay Chernis.
(Minutes of the Board of Directors for January 9, 1940, L. A. Local 47,
American Federation of Musicians.)
AFFIDAVIT OF RENA M. VALE
In connection with the activities of the Communist Party among
musicians, Rena M. Vale made the following affidavit :
COUNTY OF Los ANGELES 1
STATE OF CALIFORNIA f ss>
I, Rena M. Vale, of Los Angeles, California, being first duly
sworn, do depose and say as follows :
Having joined the Communist Party in the fall of 1936 and
worked continuously in the Los Angeles County Professional Sec-
tion of said party until August 4, 1938, at which time I returned
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 315
my party book and resigned, I was under the discipline of said party
and subject to directive. In the spring of 1938 the functionaries of
the Professional Section assigned me to work in the Los Angeles
County Cultural Commission of the Communist Party. The purposes
of this Cultural Commission were: (1) To coordinate the work of
the Hollywood Cultural Commission which worked within the motion
picture studios with the county political work; (2) to guide the
work of the WPA Cutural Projects, and (3) to penetrate and, inso-
far as possible, to capture the labor unions in the cultural and pro-
fessional field. Members of this said Los Angeles County Cultural
Commission were, besides myself : Miriam Brooks, chairman ; Leona
McGenty, from the Workers Alliance Theatre Project ; Roth Reyn-
olds, from the Artists Project ; Charles Maddox, also from the Art
Project; Darby Jones (negro), from the Screen Actors Guild; Ken-
neth Patterson, from the Theatre Project ; Dr. Lao Selfrid, from the
C.I.O. Architects and Engineers Union, and a worker on one of the
WPA educational projects. Dr. Selfrid was, like myself, also a mem-
ber of the Los Angeles County Political Commission of the Commu-
nist Party. It was our task to coordinate the cultural work with the
political work between these two commissions. There was also Row-
land Chamberlain, from Actors Equity, who coordinated the work
of this Cultural Commission with the Actors Equity Communist
Party fraction.
This Cultural Commission met once a week in the home of
Miriam Brooks at 716 North Coronado Street.
At one of the meetings of said Cultural Commission, we dis-
cussed union work within the cultural field, concentrating upon the
work of the Musicians ' Union fraction, especially in relation to the
WPA Music Project. Miriam Brooks had obtained employment on
the WPA Music Project at that time and it was the decision of this
said Cultural Commission to assign our Comrade Brooks to work
within the Musicians' Union fraction to colonize, that is, to recruit
union members to the Communist Party, to assist in obtaining
employment for Communist Party members, to influence to the
greatest possible extent the activities of said Musicians' Union along
the lines of the Communist Party program. In a later meeting. Com-
rade Brooks reported that she had applied to join the Musicians'
Union, in line with these directives given her by said commission.
One of our main objectives, in assigning Comrade Brooks to the
Musicians' Union, was to build up a Communist Party fraction on
the WPA Music Project.
In the fall of 1936, before I formally joined the Communist
Party, I did work for the International Labor Defense, handling
publicity for Angelo Herndon, negro, who had been released from
the Georgia Chain Gang, and who was also at that time a Young
Communist League (YCL) organizer. Rose Chernin, who was then
Los Angeles Secretary of the International Labor Defense, told me
that if I continued doing work for the International Labor Defense
it would be necessary for me to join the Communist Party, in that
no one who did not belong to the Communist Party would be per-
mitted to do responsible work for the International Labor Defense.
316 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
This was corroborated by Rudy Lambert, who first signed me up for
membership in the Communist Party, and also by Comrade La Rue
who followed Rose Chernin as Los Angeles Secretary of the Inter-
national Labor Defense.
Through my affiliation in and with the Communist Party, I
know that Miriam Brooks, Rose Chernin, Rudy Lambert and La Rue
were members of the Communist Party. Through my connections
with this said Cultural Commission, it also came to my attention
that the Communist Party fractions of the unions in the motion pic-
ture studios had planned and brought into being a coordination com-
mittee for these unions which was known as the Compac. Our Cul-
tural Commission frequently sent directives to the comrades on the
Compac.
One of the other activities of the said Cultural Commission was
the planning and formation of a coordinating group among unions
having workers on WPA cultural projects. This group, which was
brought into being in the early summer of 1938, was known as the
Arts Unions Council, and assigned to work on this council were:
Donald A. Murray, Communist Party fraction member of Actors
Equity, and Hymen Elliott Wax, of the Newspaper Guild and
worker on Federal Writers Project. There was also Leona McGenty,
Workers Alliance Organizer on the Theatre Project and Communist
Party member. These people were instructed to bring in as many
fellow-travelers as possible and I learned, from reports which were
brought back to the Writers Project by said Wax and later by Carl
Foreman, that Joan Storm was also connected with the Arts Unions
Council. At the time I was on the WPA Theatre Project, Joan Storm
was considered a close fellow-traveler of the Communist Party and
Donald A. Murray was assigned to recruit her into the party.
The headquarters of the Arts Unions Council was at 2211 South
Hobart Boulevard, Los Angeles, a house which I knew to be rented
by a "collective" of the Communist Party which had previously
been formed on the Theatre Project, under the instigation of the
Communist Party Supervisor, Virginia Farmer.
(sgd) RENA M. VALE
Subscribed and sworn to before me this
fourteenth day of October, 1939.
E. R. WAGNER
Notary Public
(SEAL)
My commission expires Feb. 15, 1943.
The headquarters for Musicians' Congress Committee was located
at 1655 Cherokee Street, Room 301, Los Angeles, in 1944. The telephone
number was HEmpstead 3501.
Impressively printed pamphlets were issued by the Musicians ' Con-
gress Committee for a Musicians Congress. Meetings were held at 444
North Alfred in Los Angeles.
The general board of the Musicians' Congress Committee included
Alfred Wallenstein, Aaron Copland, Adolph Deutsch, Lena Home, Hans
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 317
Eisler, Mischa Altman, Carroll Hollister, Johnny Green, Ira Gershwin,
Manuel Compinsky, Sarah Compinsky, Earl Robinson, and Gerald
Strang.
The Chairman of the Musicians ' Congress Committee was Lawrence
Morton. The executive secretary was Serge *Hovey. The organizational
secretary was Kathryn Becker, and the financial secretary -treasurer was
Albert Glasser. Bob Waschman is listed as "Public Relations" and Gail
Kubik as the "Overseas Representative/'
The Musicians' Congress was subsequently held at the Roosevelt
Hotel, in Hollywood, February 1, 1944.
The personnel of the Musicians' Congress Committee had been
expanded somewhat by the time the Congress was launched. The general
board now included Lawrence Morton, Serge Hovey, Kathryn Becker,
Albert Glasser, Bob Waschman, Gail Kubik, George Campbell, Mischa
Altman, George Antheil, Harold Arlen, Leon S. Becker, Julian Brodetsky,
Lorenza Jordan Cole, Manuel Compinsky, Sarah Compinsky, Lou Cooper,
Ingolf Dahl, Adolph Deutsch, Hugo Freidhofer, Ira Gershwin, Jay
Gorney, Victor Gottlieb, Gilbert Grau, Johnny Green, Carroll Hollister,
Lena Home, George Houston, Calvin Jackson, Sol Kaplan, Max D. Krone,
Arthur Lange, Naida McCullough, Phil Moore, David Raksin, Earl
Robinson, Miklos Rozsa, Eudice Shapiro, R. Vernon Steele, Gerald
Strang, Clifford Vaughan, and Franz Waxman.
The advisory board of the Musicians' Congress Committee is as fol-
lows: Alfred Wallenstein, Warren D. Allen, Robert Russell Bennett,
Richard Bonelli, Nadia Boulanger, Howard Bronson, Carlos Chavez,
Aaron Copland, Henry Cowell, Louis W. Curtis, Olin Downes, Hanns
Eisler, Ronald F. Eyer, Alfred Frankenstein, Rudolph Ganz, Vladimir
Golschmann, Benny Goodman, Eugen Goossens, Morton Gould, Howard
Hanson, Jascha Heifetz, Bernard Herrmann, Mary Howe, Charles Ives,
Werner Janssen, Irma Jurist, Hans Kindler, Otto Klemperer, Serge
Koussevitzky, Karl Krueger, Paul Henry Lang, Leonard Liebling, Alan
Lomax, Sir Ernest MacMillan, Lauritz Melchior, Yehudi Menuhin,
Darius Milhaud, Nathan Milstein, Dimitri Mitropoulos, Douglas Moore,
Eugene Ormandy, Gregor Piatigorsky, Walter Piston, Maxwell Powers,
William Primrose, Fritz Reiner, Clare Reis, Arthur Rubinstein, Carl
Sandburg, Hazel Scott, Charles Seeger, Elie Siegmeister, Henry Simon,
William Grant Still, W. 0. William Strickland, Joseph Szigeti, Alexandre
Tansman, Randall Thompson, Ernest Toch, Kurt Weill, and John F.
Williamson.
Among the musicians who were connected with the Hollywood
Canteen are the following : Carroll Hollister, Sam Albert, Doris Albert,
Sara Compinsky, Mrs. Willye Stahl, Willye Stahl, Maxine Furman,
Mrs. Sam Fiedler, Marie Hare, Oscar Wasserberger, Henry L. Roth,
Ester Klein Roth, and Paul Jaffee.
On September 14, 1944 an "Institute on Music and Contemporary
Life" was cosponsored by the University of California at Los Angeles
and the Communist front, the Musicians' Congress Committee. Arthur
Rubenstein, Orson Wells, Alfred Newman, Morton Gould, Irving Pichel,
Artie Shaw, Earl Robinson, and Miklos Rozsa were to figure prominently
in the "Institute."
318 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
The Musicians' Open Forum is another Communist inspired front
for musicians in Los Angeles. The organization was active in 1943 and
1944. Indicative of the character of the group are the following post-
card notices : On August 23d, 1943 the Musicians' Open Forum presented
Professor Harry Hoijer on "Racial Problems and the War," at the Holly-
wood Women's Club Lounge, 7078 Hollywood Boulevard. On Monday,
September 20, 1943, the Musicians' Open Forum presented the "First
Hollywood Staging of Norman Corwin's Play 'We Hold These Truths',"
with Canada Lee. The musical score was by Bernard Herrmann. The
meeting was to present "Folk Songs of America" including "Revolu-
tionary" songs. Admission was free and the affair was held at the Holly-
wood Women 's Club, 7078 Hollywood Boulevard.
NATIONAL COMMITTEE TO WIN THE PEACE
One of a group of Communist fronts designed to soften the foreign
policy of the United States in order to give Soviet Russia a free hand
in China and in Central Europe.
Jo Davidson has been the leader of the National Committee to Win
the Peace since its inception. He has been active in Communist move-
ments for many years and was once an instructor at the Communist
Workers' School in New York City.
The National Committe to Win the Peace was born in Washington,
D. C., at the Win the Peace Conference held there April 5, 6, and 7, 1946.
Evans Carlson and Paul Robeson were made cochairmen. The conference
was attended by 712 delegates from 27 states. Included among the Com-
munist fronts represented at the conference are the following: Inde-
pendent Citizens' Committee of Arts, Sciences, and Professions, C.I.O.
Political Action Committee, 15 Communist penetrated C.I.O. unions,
Veterans and Wives (formerly known as Wives), National Negro Con-
gress, Federation of Scientists, American Association of Scientific Work-
ers, Veterans of Equality, National Lawyers' Guild, Church League for
Industrial Democracy, International Workers ' Order, Communist Party,
American Youth for Democracy, and the Southern Conference for Human
Welfare.
Among other organizations represented were the Jewish War Vet-
erans, the American Jewish Congress, the American Veterans' Committee
and several Communist dominated A. F. of L. local unions.
The keynote address was delivered by Paul Robeson. Former Con-
gressman Coffee of Washington spoke against Franco of Spain and
demanded that diplomatic relations with Spain be broken. Other speak-
ers included Millard Lampell, R. J. Thomas, Russell Nixon, Congress-
man Savage, Congressman Sabath, former Congressman Hugh DeLacy
and Ellis Patterson, Len De Caux, Max Yergan, Marion Bachrach,
Clark Foreman, Dr. Higginbotham, Ira Gollobin, Mordecai Johnson and
Senator Claude Pepper.
National headquarters are located at 23 West 26th Street, New
York City.
Evans Carlson became cochairman in 1946. The vice chairmen are
Betram Alves, Elmer Benson, Mary McLeod Bethune, Clark Foreman,
Stephen H. Fritchman, Millard Lampell, Leo Kryczki, and Bartley Crum.
Marion Bachrach was elected national educational director.
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 319
The Southern California Committee to Win the Peace became
inactive on June 17, 1947. In its final appeal, this branch requested that
its units go over as a body into the Progressive Citiaens of America.
NATIONAL COUNCIL AGAINST CONSCRIPTION
Pamphlets of this Communist front are being distributed by the
American Civil Liberties Union in Los Angeles.
The current Communist Party line is presently directed against
military preparedness, and the Communist Party of the United States
is doing everything within its power to keep the United States militarily
weak, while it demands that American armed forces abroad be returned
to the United States. The Truman Doctrine in Greece and Turkey, the
Marshall Plan for aid to Europe and China and the universal military
training bill before Congress are the targets of Communist propaganda
through its front organizations. Such Communist created fronts as the
American Peace Crusade carried on a similar program for the same pur-
poses during the Stalin-Hitler Pact. The Communist Party, in support of
Soviet diplomacy in 1948, reverts to its isolation position of August, 1939,
to June, 1941.
The latest Communist front in this field is the new National Council
Against Conscription launched in Washington, D. C., November 9, 1946.
Conscription News is the official publication of this organization.
An honorary president of the National Council Against Conscription
is Frank P. Graham. His full name is Frank Porter Graham. He has
been a member of the following Communist organizations: American
Committee for Democracy and Intellectual Freedom, American Com-
mittee for Protection of Foreign Born, American Friends of Spanish
Democracy, American League for Peace and Democracy, Russian War
Relief, Citizens' Committee to Free Earl Browder, Committee for a
Boycott Against Japanese Aggression, Coordinating Committee to Lift
the Embargo, Council of Young Southerners, Southern Conference for
Human Welfare, International Labor Defense, League of Young South-
erners, National Committee to Abolish the Poll Tax, National Emergency
Conference for Democratic Rights, American Friends of Spanish Democ-
racy Medical Bureau, China Aid Council, China Aid Council of the
American League for Peace and Democracy, Medical Bureau and North
American Committee to Aid Spanish Democracy, and Twenty-fifth
Anniversary of the Red Army.
The Rev. Harry Emerson Fosdick is also an honorary president of
the new Communist front, the National Council Against Conscription.
He has been affiliated with the following Communist-front organizations :
Greater New York Emergency Conference on Inalienable Rights, League
of American Writers, and the National Committee to Abolish the Poll
Tax.
Out of a 14-member administrative committee of this organization,
seven have Communist Party line records.
Mordecai W. Johnson is one of the two chairmen of the National
Council Against Conscription. Together with Robert W. Kenny, Frank P.
Graham, Vito Marcantonio, Mary McLeod Bethune, Dale De Witt, and
Reid Robinson, Johnson sponsored the Communist National Committee
320 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
to Abolish the Poll Tax. He was affiliated with the Communist organiza-
tion, Southern Conference for Human Welfare, and a sponsor of the
American Pushkin Committee.
Alonzo P. Myers is cochairman with Mordecai W. Johnson of the
National Council Against Conscription. He was affiliated with the Com-
munist New York College Teachers Union and the American Committee
for Democracy and Intellectual Freedom. He was a signer of a petition
sponsored by the American Committee for Democracy and Intellectual
Freedom to discontinue the Dies Committee. He was a member of a Com-
munist inspired committee to defend the subversive Rugg textbooks.
He was a sponsor of the Communist organized Greater New York Emer-
gency Conference on Inalienable Rights. He was a member of the
Advisory Board of the Communist veterans' organization, the Council of
U. S. Veterans.
Among the vice chairmen constituting the Administrative Com-
mittee of the National Council Against Conscription are George A.
Buttrick, Elias Charry, Ray Newton, Mildred Scott Olmsted, and D. H.
Sims.
Together with Jerome Davis, Francis J. McConnell, and Reinhold
Niebuhr, Buttrick has been an editorial adviser to the Communist
Protestant Digest.
Rabbi Elias Charry was one of the signatories to the January, 1943,
Message to the House of Representatives Opposing Renewal of the Dies
Committee.
Ray Newton was a member of the Arrangements Committee for the
United States Congress Against War, out of which came the American
League Against War and Fascism.
Mrs. Mildred Scott Olmsted was a member of the Philadelphia
committee of the American League for Peace and Democracy.
Bishop David H. Sims, together with Paul Robeson, Max Yergan,
Charlotta A. Bass, Ferdinand C. Smith, and others, was a member of
the Communist front, the Council on African Affairs. (This organiza-
tion was formerly known as the International Committee on African
Affairs. Its official publication, a monthly bulletin, is called, New
Africa. ) Sims is a member of the National Committee to Abolish the Poll
Tax. He was one of the sponsors of a "Call" for "Protestantism
Answers Hate" under the auspices of Protestant Digest. (The Protes-
tant Digest later became known as The Protestant. From its inception
the magazine has been fanatically devoted to the propagation of the
Communist Party line, with only the thinnest religious veneer used in an
obvious attempt to conceal this fact. )
Out of a total of 137 listed sponsors and supporters of the National
Council Against Conscription there are 47 individuals with a known
record of supporting Communist front organizations and causes. These
individuals are as follows : Edith Abbott, Theodore F. Adams, James C.
Baker, Roger N. Baldwin, Mrs. Arthur Brin, Frank H. Caldwell,
Zechariah Chafee, Jr., Mrs. Allan Knight Chalmers, Roscoe S. Conkling,
Donald J. Cowling, Henry Hitt Crane, Abraham Cronbach, Joseph
Martin Dawson, William J. Faulkner, Frank N. Freeman, H. J. Gibbons,
Clinton S. Golden, Robert Gordis, Simon Greenberg, Paul C. Johnston,
Frederick D. Kershner, C. Franklin Koch, William E. Lampe, Paul M.
Limbert, Eduard C. Lindeman, Elmore M. McKee, Leonard W. Mayo,
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 321
B. F. McLaurin, Broadus Mitchell, Felix Morley, Charles Clayton Mor-
rison, Ruth A. Morton, John S. Nollen, Edward L. Parsons, Harold
Cooke Philips, Clarence Poe, Floyd W. Reeves, Shelby Rooks, Ralph
W. Sockman, Glenn J. Talbott, V. T. Thayer, R. J. Thomas, Ernest
Fremont Tittle, Bruce R. Trimble, Frank L. Wright, William Lindsay
Young, and Joseph Zeitlin.
Of the above sponsors and supporters of the National Council
Against Conscription, the following are members of the Executive Board :
Joseph Martin Dawson, William J. Faulkner, Robert Gordis, Simon
Greenberg, William E. Lampe, Paul M. Limbert, Elmore M. McKee, B. F.
McLaurin, Charles Clayton Morrison, Shelby Rooks, V. T. Thayer, Ernest
Fremont Tittle, William Lindsay Young, and Joseph Zeitlin.
The committee points out that this type of Communist front is
organized for the purpose of attracting many good American citizens,
who, because of religious convictions, are against war at any time. There
are many pacifists and members of religious groups who are not dis-
loyal in any sense of the word. This same statement applies with equal
validity to many good citizens who were attracted to the American Peace
Mobilization and other Communist fronts organized for the purpose
of assisting Hitler during his partnership with Stalin for the conquest of
Europe. Undoubtedly many of these good people will be innocently
attracted to a Communist front such as the National Council Against
Conscription. The distinction the committee wishes to make is that the
record of a substantial number of the members of the National Council
Against conscription have indicated in the past their close affiliation
with Communist-front organizations operating for Communist purposes
and causes. There are no humane or religious purposes being served
by Communist organizations in this field. Soviet Russia and its imperial-
ist expansionist policies alone are served while the United States is kept
weak and impotent, and, of course, that is the purpose behind the
National Council Against Conscription.
NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE FOREIGN BORN
This is the first name given a Communist front by the Communist
Party for the purpose of exploiting racial divisions in the United States.
It later became known as the American Committee for Protection of
Foreign Born. (See this title.)
It devotes much of its efforts to protecting foreign-born Communists.
There is no evidence or record where this organization, its successors or
similar fronts, ever attempted to protect a foreign-born anti-Communist.
NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR PROTECTION OF FOREIGN BORN WORKERS
See title American Committee for Protection of Foreign Born.
NATIONAL COUNCIL OF AMERICAN-SOVIET FRIENDSHIP
This Communist front is also known as the Congress of American-
Soviet Friendship. It is the successor to the discredited Communist front,
the Friends of the Soviet Union. The military alliance of the United
States with Soviet Russia during World War II made it necessary for
American Communists to discard its old vehicle, the Friends of the Soviet
22— L-7088-D
322 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Union, and to replace it with the new, streamlined National Council of
American-Soviet Friendship. A new technique of Communist propagandi-
zation and amalgamation of war unity and American-Soviet friendship,
emerged.
The program and purposes of the National Council of American-
Soviet Friendship is set forth in one of its war-time pamphlets :
The National Council of American-Soviet Friendship, Inc.,
was formed: To promote better understanding and strengthen
friendly relations between the United States and the Soviet Union
as essential to the winning of the war, and the establishment of
world-wide democracy and enduring peace.
Special interest committees of the National Council of American-
Soviet Friendship, Inc., is proposed for trade unions, youth, women,
nationalities, religious groups, professional groups, etc.
Corliss Lament is the chairman of the national organization. Arthur
Upham Pope, William Morris, Jr., and the Rev. William Howard Melish,
are vice chairmen. Prof. Henry Pratt Fairchild is secretary-treasurer
and Richard Moreford is executive director. Samuel B. Leavin was for-
merly the treasurer and Edwin S. Smith is a former vice chairman and
executive director.
Corliss Lamont has a long and interesting record as a Communist
fellow-traveler.
Thomas L. Harris spoke at a meeting of the League of American
Writers on "How the Soviet People Reacted to the Treason Trials."
Harris is a former national secretary of the National Council of Ameri-
can-Soviet Friendship. He addressed a luncheon of the National Lawyers
Guild (Communist front for attorneys), in July of 1943, at the Rosslyn
Hotel in Los Angeles. His subject was "Concept of Freedom in the Soviet
Union."
William Morris, Jr., is said to be "very friendly to Communist
writers and exceedingly unfriendly to anti-Communist writers." How-
ever, that may be his name appears frequently on Communist front liter-
ature such as the National Council of American-Soviet Friendship. He
was advertised as speaking at the Communist inspired Writers' Congress
held at the University of California at Los Angeles, October 1, 2, and
3, 1943.
In 1943-1944 the national sponsors of the National Council of Ameri-
can-Soviet Friendship included the following : Eugene E. Barnett, Max
Bedacht, Mrs. Alice S. Belester, Dr. Henry Lambert Bibby, Prof.
George D. Birkhoff, Mrs. Louis Bloch, Mrs. Anita Block, Dr. Sophonizba
Breckinridge, Simon Breines, Louis Bromfield, Prof. Harold Chapman
Brown, Dr. Hugh Cabot, Dr. Walter B. Cannon, Charles Chaplin, Dr.
Henry S. Coffin, Dr. Karl Taylor Compton, Dr. Herbert John Davis,
Dr. Monroe E. Deutsch, Rev. Frederick May Eliot, Max Epstein, Dr.
Robert D. Field, Rev. Joseph F. Fletcher, Wanda Gag, Dr. W. Horsley
Gantt, Dr. Caleb F. Gates, Jr., Dean Christian Gauss, Mrs. Borden
Harriman, Moss Hart, Dr. A. D. Henderson, Mrs. Thomas N. Hepburn,
Dr. Leslie Pinckney Hill, Dr. Walter M. Horton, Dr. Ales Hrdlicka,
Dr. Millard H. Jencks, Prof. Howard Mumford Jones, Dr. Lewis Webster
Jones, Dr. John A. Kingsbury, John F. Lewis, Jr., Emil Ludwig, Prof.
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 323
William M. Malisoff, Charles Michael Mitzell, William Morris, Jr., Dr.
Philip C. Nash, Robert Hastings Nichols, Dr. Frederick Douglas Pat-
terson, Bishop Malcolm E. Peabody, Dr. E. C. Peters, Prof. Arthur
Upham Pope, Carl Randau, Elmer Rice, Wallingford Riegger, Joseph A.
Rosen, Dr. Kurt Rosenfeld, Miles M. Sherover, Rt. Rev. Henry K.
Sherrill, Maxwell S. Stewart, Charles E. Stuart, Genevieve Tabouis,
R. J. Thomas, Dr. Max Thorek, S. A. Trone, Philip H. Van Gelder,
Leroy Waterman, Franz Werfel, Dr. Henry N. Wieman, Dr. Charles F.
Wishart, Art Young, Dr. J. F. Zimmerman, and Leane Zugsmith.
Max Bedacht, listed above, was president of the Communist Inter-
national Workers Order. For many years he has been a member of the
central committee of the Communist Party of the United States.
The latest leaflet of the National Council of American-Soviet Friend-
ship reveals that its national headquarters is located at 114 East 32d
Street in New York City. Affiliated groups are listed as follows : Ameri-
can-Soviet Music Society, chairman Dr. Serge Koussevitzky ; American-
Soviet Science Society, Prof. L. C. Dunn, chairman; Art Committee,
Paul Manship, chairman ; Committee of Women, Muriel Draper, chair-
man ; Dance Committee, Agnes deMille, chairman ; Committee on Educa-
tion, Dr. Herbert Davis, chairman; Religious Committee, Rev. William
Howard Melish, chairman ; and Theatre Committee, Margaret Webster,
chairman.
The California headquarters office is listed as Peninsula Council of
the A. S. F., 740 Creek Drive, Menlo Park, with Dr. M. Shapovalov as
chairman.
A letter under date of July 10, 1946, makes an appeal for funds for
Corliss Lamont who had just been cited for contempt by the House Com-
mittee on Un-American Activities. The letterhead reveals that Rev.
William Howard Melish is the national chairman; Richard Morford,
national executive director, Prof. Henry Pratt Fairchild, national secre-
tary and treasurer, and Dr. Arthur Upham Pope, and William Morris,
Jr., national vice chairmen. The board of directors is composed of the
following : Harland Allen, Zlatko Balokovic, Cyril Bath, Theodore Bayer,
Mary McLeod Bethune, Harvey Wiley Corbett, John 0. Crane, Prof.
Dorothy Douglas, B. Z. Goldberg, Thomas L. Harris, Raymond C.
Ingersoll, Philip J. Jaffe, Leon Kroll, Corliss Lamont, Samuel B. Leavin,
William L. McFetridge, Howard McKenzie, George Marshall, John Mid-
dleton, Dr. Emily Pierson, Rev. Adam Clayton Powell, Joseph P. Selly,
M. B. Sherman, Herman Shumlin, Dr. Henry E. Sigerist, Edwin S.
Smith, Jessica Smith, Dr. Vilhjalmur Stefansson, Craig Vincent, and
Hudson Walker.
Current sponsors of the National Council of American-Soviet
Friendship include the following: Louis Adamic, George F. Addes,
Harland Allen, Maxwell Anderson, John Taylor Arms, Dr. Frank Ayde-
lotte, Hon. Joseph Clark Baldwin, Zlatko Balokovic, Clifford W. Barnes,
Hon. William L. Batt, William Rose Benet, The Metropolitan Benjamin,
Mary McLeod Bethune, Van Wyck Brooks, Prof. E. W. Burgess, Hon.
Arthur Capper, Hon. Oscar L. Chapman, Dr. Robert C. Clothier, Wil-
liam F. Cochran, Hon. John M. Coffee, Aaron Copland, Harvey Wiley
Corbett, Norman Corwin, Joseph Curran, Jo Davidson, Hon. Joseph E.
Davies, Hon. Hugh De Lacy, Prof. Dorothy Douglas, Prof. Leslie C.
324 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Dunn, Dr. C. A. Dykstra, Prof. Albert Einstein, Prof. Henry Pratt
Fairchild, Dr. Mildred Fairchild, Lion Feuchtwanger, Frederick V.
Field, Homer Folks, Dean Christian Gauss, Ben Gold, Dr. Mortimer
Graves, Hon. Learned Hand, Mrs. J. Borden Harriman, Lillian Hellman,
Prof. William Ernest Hocking, Langston Hughes, Dr. Walter Hullihen,
Hon. Harold L. Ickes, Hon. Stanley M. Isaacs, Helen Keller, Rockwell
Kent, Dorothy Kenyon, Serge Koussevitzky, Mrs. Thomas W. Lament,
H. Carringtoii Lancaster, William W. Lancaster, Dr. Irving Langmuir,
Dr. Emil Lengyel, Prof. Gilbert N. Lewis, Goddard Lieberson, Prof.
Robert S. Lynd, Clifford T. McAvoy, Judge Lois Mary McBride, Wil-
liam L. McFetridge, Maurice Maeterlinck, Fritz Mahler, Dr. Thomas
Mann, Paul Manship, George Marshall, Frank X. Martel, Raymond
Massey, Dr. Kirtley F. Mather, Lewis Merrill, Dr. George R. Minot, Mrs.
Lucy Sprague Mitchell, Dr. Wesley C. Mitchell, Pierre Monteux, Mme.
Pierre Monteux, Bishop Arthur W. Moulton, Hon. James E. Murray,
Eugene O'Neill, Bishop G. Bromley Oxnam, Hon. Claude D. Pepper,
Prof. Ralph Barton Perry, Dr. John P. Peters, Emily Pierson, Henry W.
Pope, Hon. Adam Clayton Powell, Michael Quill, Paul Robeson, Col.
Raymond Robins, Earl Robinson, Reid Robinson, Harold J. Rome, Hon.
Leverett Saltonstall, Joseph P. Selly, Hon. Sumner Sewall, Herman
Shumlin, Dr. Henry E. Sigerist, Raymond P. Sloan, Dr. P. A. Sorokin,
Vilhjalmur Stefansson, Canon Anson Phelps Stokes, Leopold Stokowski,
Raymond Swing, Gerard Swope, Mills Ten Eyck, Hon. Elbert D. Thomas,
Rt. Rev. Henry St. George Tucker, Mary van Kleeck, Prof. George Ver-
nadsky, Bishop W. J. Walls, Dr. Harry F. Ward, Max Weber, Dr. C. C.
Williams, Hon. James H. Wolfe, Dr. Mary E. Woolley, Dr. Max Yergan,
Dean Mary Yost, Dr. J. J. Zmrhal, and Dr. Vladimir Kosmo Zworykin.
Among the sponsors to the 1942 Congress of American-Soviet Friend-
ship were the following : C. A. Dykstra, Philip Murray, Sidney Hillman,
Harry Bridges, Joseph Curran, Reid Robinson, A. F. Whitney, Charles
Chaplin, Jo Davidson, Albert Kahn, Serge Koussevitsky, Frederic March,
Raymond Massey, Mary McLeod Bethune, Rev. A. Clayton Powell, Jr.,
Albert Einstein, William Rose Benet, Van Wyck Brooks, Pearl Buck,
Thomas Mann, Eugene 0 'Neill and Franz Werf el.
Indicative of the Communist fellow-traveling status of most of the
foregoing is the record of Corliss Lamont. He has been either a member,
a speaker, a writer, or a signer of the following established Communist-
front organizations, enterprises, letters and petitions: American Com-
mittee for Friendship with the Soviet Union, American Committee for
Struggle Against War, American friends of Spanish Democracy, Ameri-
can League Against War and Fascism, Letter Defending the Communist
Party, Friends of the Soviet Union, International Publishers, -John Reed
Memorial Meeting, League of American Writers, Medical Bureau Ameri-
can Friends of Spanish Democracy, Memorial Meeting to Commemorate
John Reed's Death in Moscow, Mother Bloor Banquet, Open Letter to
American Liberals, National Committee to Aid Victims of German
Fascism, National Congress for Unemployment and Social Insurance,
National Council of American-Soviet Friendship, National Federation
for Constitutional Liberties, National Peoples Committee Against Hearst,
New Masses, Soviet Russia Today, 'Statement by American Progressives
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 325
on the Moscow Trials, Student Congress Against War, and the Sunday
Worker.
In Soviet Russia and Religion, published by the Communist Party,
Lament approvingly quotes Marx's statement that "the social principles
of Christianity are lickspittle, whereas the proletariat is revolutionary. ' '
He further sympathetically writes of ''the unaltering determination of
the Communists in the Soviet Union to do away with religion and the
inclusion of this aim as one of the chief features of the educational system
from one end of the Country to the other/'
Walter S. Steele, chairman of the National Security Committee of
the American Coalition of Patriotic, Civic, and Fraternal Societies,
testified before the Committee on Un-American Activities of the House
of Representatives in Washington, July 21, 1947. Mr. Steele has done an
outstanding work in compiling data on subversive activities in the United
States. His testimony in reference to the National Council of American-
Soviet Friendship, in part, is as follows:
"The National Council of American-Soviet Friendship, within
recent months, has added many side shows to its pro-Soviet and,
accordingly, pro-Communist propaganda machine. One of them
is known as the committee on education of the National Council of
American-Soviet Friendship. This committee is under the direction
of Dr. Herbert Davis. I know nothing of the additional connections
of Davis. Neither do I know anything with regard to his qualifica-
tions, if any, as an educator, or his knowledge concerning Russia
and Communism. Working with him is Elizabeth Moos, a former
Bronx teacher, on whom this committee undoubtedly has a back-
ground in connection with her activities in other fields. She is the
executive secretary of the committee on education, and I am informed
it is she who does the actual work of the committee. Among the vice-
chairmen of the committee are Frank E. Baker of the Milwaukee
State Teachers* College, Henry Pratt Fairchild of New York Uni-
versity, A. D. Henderson of Antioch College, Ernest 0. Melby of
the University of Montana, Holland Roberts of the California Labor
School (Communist) and Stanford University, and W. Carson Ryan
of the University of North Carolina. Included in the sponsors of the
committee on education are the usual run of fronters, such as Max
Yergan, Corliss Lament, and H. W. L. Dana, together with the
customary few unsuspecting.
"The plan through which the committee of education is now
penetrating our schools involves the distribution of Kits of Teach-
ing Materials on the Soviet Union. These "kits" as they are called
include a great deal of propaganda pamphlet material issued by the
National Council of American-Soviet Friendship. Other materials
used in the "kits" are issued by the American-Russian Institute,
the Institute of Pacific Relations, and similar outfits. The material
includes such pro-Soviet publications as Soviet Russia Today and
Survey Graphic. * * »
"* * * The kits contain material for visual education for
students, together with water colors by Soviet children, book illustra-
tions by Soviet artists, sets of children 's books printed in the Soviet
Union, charts of various kinds, slides for projectors, and pamphlets
326 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
on Soviet farming, child care, sports, labor, and other subjects. The
American-Russian Institute and the East and West Association are
named as sources of additional material.
"A rather extensive bibliography on the Soviet Union for
teachers, issued in connection with the committee of education's,
school-infiltration plan, contains List Sources and Supplementary
Teaching Materials. Therein are named, as further sources, the
Soviet Information Bureau and the Russian War Relief. Listed as
source material are the following books: Soviet Communism, The
Truth About Russia, The Russians, Soviet Power, the Secret of
Soviet Strength, Mother Russia, U.S.S.R., Russia Is No Riddle,
Women of Soviet Russia, Changing Man, The Educational System
of the U.S.S.R., Soviet Economy and the War, Soviet Spirit,
Socialized Medicine, Twentieth Century Philosophy, Seven Soviet
Plans, I Saw the Russian People, The Great Conspiracy Against
Russia, Religion in the U.S.S.R., Lenin, That Boy Nikolka, Russia's
Story, The People of Russia, Short History of Russia, The War of
Liberation, Leninism, History of the Communist Party of Russia, The
Baltic Riddle, Maxim Litvinoff Against Aggression, New Poland,
Red Army, Last Days of Sevastopol, Twelve Months That Changed
the World, An Outline of Russian Literature, Land of the Soviets,
Russia 's New Primer, Heroes of the War, Young America Looks at
Russia, Building America, and How Man Became a Giant (Evolu-
tion). The authors of these books include H. W. L. Dana, a former
teacher in a Communist school in Boston ; Ella Winters, widly known
fronter ; Anna Louise Strong, former editor of the Moscow News ;
Corliss Lamont; Victor Yakhontoff; Albert E. Kahn, party func-
tionary ; Rev. William Howard Melish ; Beatrice and Sidney Webb,
British Reds; Albert Rhys Williams; Hewlett Johnson; Walter
Duranty; Vilhjalmur Stefansson; Edmund Stevens; Harry F.
Ward; Henry E. Segerist, leader in the socialized-medicine cam-
paign ; Edwin S. Smith, of the Progressive Citizens' Association and
the National Council of American-Soviet Friendship ; Rose Maurer ;
Eric Starbuck ; Leo Gruliow ; Joseph Stalin ; Arthur Upham Pope ;
Maxim Litvinoff; Boleslaw Gebert; I. Mintz; Erskine Caldwell;
Vera Micheles Dean ; Ernest J. Simmons ; Wanda Wasilewska ; Max-
well Stewart ; M. Ilin ; and scores of other left-wing Americans and
Russian leaders. * * *
1 ' Building America is also endorsed as excellent source material
by the committee on education. It is suggested that it be used by
the teachers and professors in our educational institutions. I might
add here that this book has created a state-wide controversy in
California, where the Sons of the American Revolution finally suc-
ceeded in having the book banned in some of the schools. I under-
stand that the State Legislature, through a special committee, is
holding hearings on the book, and it is expected that its findings will
result in the barring of the book from all state institutions.
"At this point, I will turn over to this committee for its own
information the complaint of the Sons of the American Revolution,
addressed to the Lieutenant Governor of California, the Speaker of
the State Assembly, and to the special committee of the Senate of
Calif ornia, in which is set forth the charges against this book. * * *"
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 327
The Senate committee finds that the National Council of American-
Soviet Friendship, like the American-Russian Institute, is a direct agent
of the Soviet Union, engaged in traitorous activities under the orders
of Stalin's consular service in the United States. While all Communist
fronts are instrumentalities of the Soviet dictatorship, the National
Council of American-Soviet Friendship and the American-Russian Coun-
cil deal directly with the Soviet Government, there being no similar
private organizations in the Soviet Union.
NATIONAL EMERGENCY CONFERENCE FOR DEMOCRATIC RIGHTS
After the dissolution of the American League for Peace and Democ-
racy in February, 1940, the Communist Party frantically organized a
new series of front organizations. The National Emergency Conference
for Democratic Rights was one of the new fronts and it was filled from
top to bottom with veteran Communist Party liners.
Among the Executive Committee and Board of Sponsors were the
following: Alfred K. Stern, Daniel S. Gillmor, Bertha Josselyn Foss,
Samuel L. M. Barlow, Mrs. W. Russell Bowie, Oliver La Farge, George
Marshall, Jeanne Ratner, Donald Ogden Stewart, Oswald Garrison Vil-
lard, J. Raymond Walsh, Louis Adamic, Prof. Josephine T. Adams, Mary
McLeod Bethune, Van Wyck Brooks, Prof. Albert Sprague Coolidge,
Jerome Davis, Prof. Paul Douglas, Prof. Henry Pratt Fairchild, Prof.
Irving Fisher, Osmond K. Fraenkel, Freda Kirchwey, Max Lerner, Rob-
ert Morss Lovett, Robert Lynd, Carey Me Williams, Bishop Edward L.
Parsons, William Pickens, Rev. A. Clayton Powell, Bertha C. Reynolds,
Wallingford Reigger, Prof. Margaret Schlauch, George Seldes, Prof.
Harlow Shapley, George Soule, Maxwell S. Stewart, Robert K. Straus,
Prof. Harold C. Urey, Prof. Oswald Veblen, and Elizabeth Bacon
Walling.
A letter initiated and distributed by the National Emergency Con-
ference for Democratic Rights, protesting the Dempsey Deportation Bill,
was signed by the following : Franz Boas, Luigi Antonini, Jerome Davis,
Henry Pratt Fairchild, Dashiell Hammett, Elizabeth Hawes, Lillian
Hellman, Sidney Hellman, Stanley M. Isaacs, Paul de Kruif, Carey
Me Williams, Vito Marcantonio, Lewis Merrill, Stanley Muster, Stanley
Nowack, Reid Robinson, Rose Schneiderman, Vincent Sheean, Vilhjalmur
Stef ansson, Oswald Garrison Villard, Harry F. Ward, Caroline 0 'Day,
Mary E. Woolley, and Donald Ogden Stewart.
NATIONAL FEDERATION FOR CONSTITUTIONAL LIBERTIES
Since this organization came into being in June of 1940 it has been
one of the most important Communist-front organizations in the United
States. While following the Communist Party line meticulously the
organization has been helpful to Communists who wish to evade and
defy government agencies investigating subversive activities. Abraham J.
Isserman, attorney for the Communist Party in New Jersey, wrote a
pamphlet which was designed to advise and assist Communists in diffi-
culty with governmental agencies.
Among those who have associated with the National Federation for
Constitutional Liberties are the following: Prof. Franz Boas, Elmer
328 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Benson, Herbert Biberman, Carey McWilliams, Max Yergan, Howard P.
Costigan, George Marshall, Robert MacGregor, Tom Mooney, Jack
McMichael, Prof. Robert K. Speer, Merle D. Vincent, Alice Barrows,
Marc Blitzstein, Rev. D wight Bradley, Prof. John B. Canning, John M.
Coffee, Bella V. Dodd, Robert W. Dunn, Mrs. Sarah Bard Field, Dashiell
Hammett, Pearl M. Hart, Marion Hathway, Abraham J. Isserman, Paul
J. Kern, Carol King, Edward Land, David Lasser, Ira Latimer, Prof.
Alain Locke, Robert Morss Lovett, Prof. Robert S. Lynd, Clifford T.
McAvoy, Louis F. McCabe, James McNamara, Prof. William M. Malisoff,
Albert Maltz, Vito Marcantonio, Prof. F. 0. Matthiessen, Lewis Merrill,
Jerry O'Connell, William L. Patterson, Michael Quill, Walter Rauteii-
strauch, Reid Robinson, George Seldes, Herman Shumlin, Edwin S.
Smith, Alfred K. Stern, Donald Ogden Stewart, Channing H. Tobias,
Prof. Colston E. Warne, Morris Watson, Ella Winter, Robert Wirtz,
Charles Erskine Scott Wood, John Woodruff, Richard Wright, and
Art Young.
An important function of the National Federation for Constitu-
tional Liberties is exerting pressure on the House of Representatives of
the United States Congress for the abolition of the House Committee
investigating un-American activities. A "Message to the House of Rep-
resentatives" calling upon the Seventy-eighth Congress to oppose
" renewal of the Dies Committee" was signed, among others, by the fol-
lowing: Dr. Harold Aaron, Louis Adamic, George P. Adams, Thomas
Addis, Fay E. Allen, Rabbi Michael Alper, Howard Bay, Max Bedacht,
Gray Bemis, William Rose Benet, John C. Bennett, Elmer A. Benson,
Alvah Bessie, Mary McLeod Bethune, Raymond T. Birge, Dr. George
Blumer, Dr. Ernest P. Boas, Allen Boretz, Louis B. Boudin, Jean L.
Bowie, Jean L. Bowie (Mrs. W. Russell), Sophonisba P. Breckinridge,
Joseph R. Brodsky, Van Wyck Brooks, Dr. Charlotte Hawkins Brown,
Harold Chapman Brown, Jane Burr, Morris Carnovsky, Harry M. Cas-
sidy, Rev. Don M. Chase, Russell N. Chase, George A. Coe, Louis Colman,
Lincoln Constance, Giovanni Costigan, Frederick A. Counts, Joseph E.
Curran, Hazel Morton, Frank C. Davis, W. J. Decker, Hugh De Lacy,
Bella V. Dodd, Muriel Draper, Theodore Dreiser, Aline Davis Hays,
Donald Henderson, Clyde V. Hickerson, Alfred Hirsch, William C.
Houk, Langston Hughes, Abraham J. Isserman, Rev. Bede A. Johnson,
Paul Jarrico, Arthur Kallet, Alexander Kami, Marie L. Kayser, Freda
Kirchwey, Arthur Kober, Alfred Kreymborg, Graham A. Laing, Edward
Lamb, John Dzenit, Albert Einstein, Albert I. Elkus, Dr. Leo Eloesser,
S. Enee, Henry Pratt Fairchild, Rabbi Abraham L. Feinberg, Sara Bard
Field, H. H. Fisher, Abram Flaxer, Elizabeth Gurley Flynn, Waldo
Frank, Harry W. Freeman, Rev. Stephen H. Fritchman, Wanda Gag,
W. Horsley Gantt, Dr. Rudolph Ganz, Leo Gallagher, Kate Crane Gartz,
Hugo Gellert, Ben Gold, Louis Goldblatt, R. A. Gordon, Esther Allen
Gow, Ralph H. Gundlach, Corliss Lamont, Ira Latimer, Dr. Emil Leng-
yel, Kenneth Leslie, Meridel LeSeuer, Philip Loeb, Rev. Edgar A.
Lowther, Rev. F. W. McConnell, Rev. William McGee, Albert Maltz,
Arthur J. Mandell, Dr. W. H. Manwaring, George Marshall, F. 0.
Matthiessen, Stewart Meigs, Lewis Merrill, Jack Mink, Bruce Minton,
Rev. Richard Morf ord, Dudley Nichols, Mrs. Nixon Norris, Jerry 0 'Con-
n ell, Tom 0 'Connor, Rev. G. Bromley Oxman, Rev. Edward L. Parsons,
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 329
Stuart Pettingill, Terry Pettus, Arthur Upham Pope, Rev. Adam Clay-
ton Powell, Jr., Lee Pressman, Michael J. Quill, Harry J. Rathbun, Wal-
ter Rautenstrauch, Wallingford Reigger, Paul Robeson, Reid Robinson,
Max Savelle, Pauline G. Schindler, Margaret Schlauch, Thelma Sehnee,
Margaret Schoch, Irving Schwab, Edwin Seaver, Howard Selsam, Viola
Brothers Shore, Upton Sinclair, Rev. Theodore G. Soars, Hester Sonder-
gaard, Herbert K. Sorrell, Rev. Alfred M. Soule, Louis Stein, Donald
Ogden Stewart, Anna Louise Strong, John Stuart, Lewis M. Terman,
Frederick Thompson, ,Rev. Dillon "Wesley Throckmorton, Josephine
Timms, Channing H. Tobias, Mathew 0. Tobriner, Edward C. Colman,
E. F. Tracy, Jim Tully, Frank Tuttle, Rev. William A. Tyler, Oswald
Deblin, Margaret Vinton, Morris Watson, Mary Waymouth, Clara
Weatherwax, Max Weber, Mary F. Wesselhoeft, Frank W. Weymouth,
John L. Witt, Nathan Witt, Charles E. S. Wood, Maxine Wood, Mary E.
Woolley, Max Yergan, and Dale Zysman.
A federal agency made a confidential report on the National Federa-
tion for Constitutional Liberties. The report, in part, follows :
The National Federation for Constitutional Liberties, with
headquarters in Washington, D. C., and affiliates throughout the
United States, is part of what Lenin called "the solar system of
organizations," ostensibly having no connection with the Com-
munist Party, by which Communists attempt to create sympathizers
and supporters of their program among those who would never
affiliate themselves openly with the party. Membership in the
National Federation, or its affiliates, likewise consist of those sympa-
thetic to the stated aims of the organization, who may or may not
be aware of the Communist control, as well as party members and
fellow- travelers.
The National Federation for Constitutional Liberties was estab-
lished as a result of a conference on constitutional liberties held in
Washington, D. C., June 7-9, 1940. Sixty-one organizations are said
to have participated in this conference. * * * The program of
the federation parallels closely the Communist Party line of 1940.
This adherence to the party line is illustrated by the opposition, con-
tained in much of the federation's pamphlet literature, to com-
pulsory military training, which "would introduce dangerous major
steps in the direction of the fascist control over the entire life of
the community and especially over the labor movement." It was
at this time that Communists were opposing conscription and the
entire national defense program. One of the tactics which they use
to attack the program was the emphasis on the threat to civil liberties
and the rights of labor and of minority groups. Thus the National
Federation for Constitutional Liberties served a useful function
to Communists as it declared that ' * Ours is the task of true national
defense. ' '
The National Federation represents the principle of inter-
locking leadership common to Communist "front" and penetrated
organizations. Owen A. Knox, the national chairman (resigned
September 30, 1941), for example, is treasurer of the Michigan
Civil Rights Federation and a member of the national committee of
International Labor Defense and of the Citizens Committee to Free
330 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Earl Browder. Most of the national sponsors and most of the national
executive committee and many of the local heads of the federation
are leaders of Communist organizations or are prominently identi-
fied with Communist activities.
The activities of the National Federation have been manifest
chiefly in the various committees specially created for the defense
of certain individuals. The defenses of Communist leaders such as
Sam Darcy and Robert Wood, party secretaries for Pennsylvania
and Oklahoma, have been major efforts of the federation. Through
pamphlet literature and by appearances of members before legisla-
tive committees, the federation has also been active in behalf of or
in opposition to legislation. It has led the recent fight against the
continuance of the Dies Committee, taken up by all Communist
' ' front ' ' organizations throughout the country. In both these aspects
it has operated in close affiliation with the International Labor
Defense. The latter has now become clearly identified as a Com-
munist organization and has thus lost much of its usefulness in
attracting adherents. The National Federation for Constitutional
Liberties is one of the equivalent organizations set up to attract
those who would not openly affiliate themselves with Communist
groups if apprised of the facts.
On September 27-28, 1941, a meeting of the National Federation for
Constitutional Liberties was held in San Francisco. Among those who
were affiliated with this meeting and the organization itself were Herbert
K. Sorrell, Carey Me Williams, Charlotta A. Bass, Philip M. Connelly,
E. Y. (Yip) Harburg, Fred Rinaldo, and Clore Warne.
Many of the activities of the National Federation for Constitu-
tional Liberties are now being duplicated by the Civil Rights Congress.
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ARTS AND LETTERS
The People's Daily World for February 27, 1948, reports that the
Communist front for writers, artists and musicians, the National Insti-
tute of Arts and Letters, denounced the Thomas Committee of Congress
investigating un-American activities in America.
The following are the signers of the letter: Franklin P. Adams,
James T. Adams, David Adler, Conrad Aiken, Maxwell Anderson, John
T. Arms, W. H. Auden, Leonard Bacon, Samuel Barber, Charles A.
Beard, Samuel Behrman, William R. Benet, Frank W. Benson, Bernard
Berenson, Isabel Bishop, Ernest Bloch, Howard Brockway, Alexander
Brook, Van Wyck Brooks, C. E. Burchfield, Struthers Burt, Erskine
Caldwell, Henry S. Canby, Stuart Chase, Marc Connelly, Aaron Cop-
land, Jo Davidson, Owen Davis, Eric De Lamarter, Donald De Lue,
Bernard De Voto, Guy Pene du Bois, F. V. Du Mond, Walter P. Eaton,
G. W. Edwards, Aymar I. Embury, James T. Farrell, Barry Faulkner,
Edna Ferber, Dorothy C. Fisher, John Flanagan, Daniel Garber, Ferris
Greenslet, Louis Gruenberg, Eric Gugler, H. Hagedorn, Walker Han-
cock, Roy Harris, Lillian Hellman, Eugene Higgins, Paul Hindemith,
Malvina Hoffman, Chas. Hopkinson, Cecil Howard, M. A. Howe, Charles
E. Ives, Philip James, Robert E. Jones, M. Josephson, Geo. S. Kaufman,
Helen Keller, Leon Kroll, Joseph W. Krutch, Albert Laessie, O. LaFarge,
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 331
Armin Landeck, Lee Lawrie, Sinclair Lewis, Robert M. Lovett, Percy
Mackaye, Archibald MacLeish, Reginald Marsh, Daniel G. Mason, Henry
Lee McFee, Kenneth H. Miller, Douglas Moore, Marianne Moore, Wallace
Morgan, Thomas W. Nason, Robert Nathan, John G. Neihardt, Allan
Nevins, F. L. Olmstead, Eugene 0 'Neill, Will Payne, Donald C. Peattle,
Ralph B. Perry, Arthur S. Pier, Walter Piston, Abram Poole, Ernest
Poole, Henry V. Poor, Katherine Porter, Quincy Porter, Brenda Put-
nam, Agnes Repplier, Elmer Rice, B. Robinson, Bernard Rogers, William
Saroyan, William Schuman, Roger Sessions, Arthur Shepherd, Henry
B. Shepley, Robert Sherwood, Upton Sinclair, Leo Sowerby, Albert
Spalding, Eugene Speicher, Maurice Sterne, Deems Taylor, R. Thomp-
son, Virgil Thomson, C. B. Tinker, Ridgely Torrence, Louis Untermeyer,
Carl Van Doren, Mark Van Doren, Bessie P. Vonnoh, Franklin Watkins,
Glenway Wescott, J. H. Wheelock, Thornton Wilder, Ezra Winter, Denys
Wortman, M. M. Young, and Stark Young.
NATIONAL LAWYERS' GUILD
The Communist front for attorneys, the National Lawyers' Guild,
has been treated rather thoroughly in previous reports of this committee.
The International Labor Defense, called the ' * legal arm of the Com-
munist Party" by former Attorney General Francis Biddle, hailed the
foundation of the National Lawyers' Guild with enthusiasm. Its Year
Book for 1936-37 stated : ' * The emergence of the National Lawyers' Guild
is regarded by the International Labor Defense as a heartening expres-
sion of the devotion of thousands of American attorneys to the American
principles of democracy, and a concrete step on their part in the struggle
to maintain an enlarged democratic rights. ' '
The close interlocking relationship between the Communist Inter-
national Juridical Association and the Communist National Lawyers'
Guild is plainly indicated. Louis B. Boudin has been associated with both
the National Lawyers' Guild and International Labor Defense. Joseph
R. Brodsky is a member of the National Lawyers' Guild ; is on the advis-
ory committee of International Labor Defense, and is a member of the
national committee of the International Juridical Association. The same
is true for John P. Davis and David J. Bentall. The following are mem-
bers of both the National Lawyers ' Guild and the International Juridical
Association: Thomas I. Emerson, Isaac E. Ferguson, Osmond K.
Fraenkel, Walter Gellhorn, Herman A. Gray, Abraham J. Isserman,
Paul Julian Kern, Carol Weiss King, Edward Lamb, Louis F. McCabe,
Lee Pressman, Maurice Sugar, and Herbert T. Wechsler.
The National Lawyers' Guild has assiduously followed the Com-
munist Party line in support of Soviet diplomacy and in all local issues.
It has continuously fought every governmental agency which has been
effective in exposing Communist activity. It fought the Rapp-Coudert
Committee, investigating subversive activities in the public school system
of New York City. It fought the Yorty Committee investigating subver-
sive activities among state employees in the State Relief Administration
in California. It fought the Smith Committee investigating subversive
activities in the New York Civil Service and the special committees of the
House of Representatives on Un-American activities. It has opposed the
Tenney Committee investigating Un- American Activities in California.
332 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
It opposed legislation directed against the Communist Party, such as the
Voorhis Registration Bill and the Tenney law in California barring the
Communist Party from the ballot. It has attacked the Federal Bureau
of Investigation as a "gestapo" and has called for the removal of Direc-
tor J. Edgar Hoover. It has asked Congress to reduce appropriations
for the Federal Bureau of Investigation. It has opposed statutes provid-
ing that teachers be required to take a loyalty oath. The National Law-
yers' Guild has consistently rushed to the defense of Communists who
have become involved with the law.
The 1941 convention of the National Lawyers' Guild sent greetings
to Harry Bridges and adopted resolutions in defense of Communists
William Schneiderman, Harold Pritchett, and Harry Bridges.
In 1937, when the guild was founded, the Communist Party was a
supporter of the policy of " collective security among the democracies
against the Fascist aggressor. " (This policy was in force until August 23,
1939, when the Stalin-Hitler pact was signed.) During this period the
Communist Party advocated the revocation of the Neutrality Act, urged
enforcement of the Kellogg Pact, and sharply criticized the isolationists.
The National Lawyers' Guild adopted the same policy and urged the
repeal of the existing Neutrality Act. Following the Stalin-Hitler pact,
the Communist Party denounced the war as " imperialist " and urged a
policy of isolation. It opposed the national defense program, conscrip-
tion, and aid to the Allied Nations. It created the Communist front, the
American Peace Mobilization, which picketed the White House and insti-
tuted strikes in defense industries and, in general, did everything to assist
Hitler in his war against Western Europe. The National Lawyers ' Guild
followed the Communist line meticulously. A telegram addressed to the
President of the United States condemning the Burke-Wadsworth Con-
scription Bill was signed by Samuel M. Blinken, Leo Linder, Edward
Lamb, Pearl Hart, Abraham J. Isserman, Maurice Sugar, and Martin
Popper. When Germany attacked the Soviet Union, June 22, 1941, the
war ceased being "imperialist" in the eyes of the Communist Party,
which suddenly became vociferously patriotic. The National Lawyers'
Guild followed suit.
Robert W. Kenny has been national president of the National Law-
yers ' Guild.
Among the California members of the National Lawyers ' Guild are
the following : Joseph Aidlin, Sam Houston Allen, George R. Andersen,
Spencer Austrian, J. Allen Frankel, Leo Gallagher, Richard Gladstein,
Jack Greenberg (not to be confused with Carl Greenberg, political editor
of the Los Angeles Examiner, or Jack Carl Greenburg, Los Angeles attor-
ney and former chief clerk of the Assembly) , Aubrey Grossman, Charles
J. Katz, Robert W. Kenny, Grover Johnson, Ben Margolis, Carey McWil-
liams, Loren Miller, Isaac Pacht, Herbert Resner, Harold W. Sawyer,
Clore Warne, Lawrence M. Weinberg, A. L. Wirin, Nathan Witt, and
Bartley Crum.
NATIONAL NEGRO CONGRESS
In response to a letter of the Political Secretariat of the Executive
Committee of the Communist International, dated March 16, 1930, Earl
Browder, general secretary of the Communist Party of the United States,
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 333
set in motion the proper Communist forces to organize a front for Ameri-
can Negroes. Browder stated, in part, that "We have more effectively
armed ourselves with the Leninist theory, whereby we can call forth for
struggle all the revolutionary forces generated by this national oppres-
sion of the Negroes, link them up with the rising forces of the proletarian
class struggle under the leadership of the Communist Party * * *. "
The African Blood Brotherhood was the first Communist front
organization for the express purpose of carrying on Communist agitation
among Negroes. It was active as early as 1921. It opposed the Universal
Negro Improvement Association headed by Marcus Garvey. C. Lorenzo
accused the Universal Negro Improvement Association leadership as
being "headed by a Negro bourgeois * * * pursuing bourgeois policies. ' r
The successor to the African Blood Brotherhood was the American
Negro Labor Congress, headed by one of the first Negro Communist
leaders in the United States, Cyril Briggs.
The League of Struggle for Negro Rights succeeded the American
Negro Labor Congress. It was organized in 1930.
The National Negro Congress was organized in Chicago on Feb-
ruary 14, 1936.
William Odell Nowell, testifying before a Congressional Committee,
identified John P. Davis, Ed Williams, Merrill Work, Le Bron Simmons,
Gus Bailey, Louise Thompson, and Knute Thompson, as members of the
Communist Party. All of these individuals were active members of the
National Negro Congress.
Needless to say the organization has meticulously followed every
curve and twist in the Communist Party line since its inception.
California endorsers of the National Negro Congress include Loren
Miller, Howard P. Jones, and the Rev. J. L. Caston.
NATIONAL PEOPLE'S COMMITTEE AGAINST HEARST
The Communist Party has feared the Hearst newspapers more than
any other publication in America, because of the forthright, courageous
and determined fight that William Randolph Hearst has conducted
against the agents of Moscow. The Communist Party has undoubtedly
devoted more energy and finances to its campaign against the Hearst
newspapers over a longer period than it has given to any other cause.
The National People's Committee Against Hearst is the Communist
Party 's special front for its smear campaign against the anti-Communist
publisher.
The headquarters of the organization was located at 268 Fourth
Avenue, Room 701, in New York City. Letterheads indicate that the
National People's Committee Against Hearst was a subsidiary of the
American League Against War and Fascism.
Those connected with the National People's Committee Against
Hearst are as follows : Roger N. Baldwin, Mrs. Clinton M. Barr, Bruce
Bliven, LeRoy E. Bowman, Eleanor Brannan, Winifred L. Chappell,
Dr. George A. Coe, Margaret Cowl, Malcolm Cowley, Dorothy Detzer,
Prof. H. P. Fairchild, Joseph Freeman, Varian Fry, C. W. Fine, Francis
J. Gorman, Lem Harris, Clarence Hathaway, Harold Hickerson, Fred
H. Hildebrandt, Rev. John Haynes Holmes, Dr. Clarence V. Howell, Rev.
William Lloyd Imes, Gardner Johnson, Edwin C. Johnson, Carol King,
334 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Freda Kirchwey, Corliss Lament, William W. Lockwood, Jr., Robert
Morss Lovett, Grace Lumpkin, Ferdinand Lundberg, Vito Marcantonio,
Ernest L. Meyer, Bruce Minton, Charlotte Moskowitz, Jessie Lloyd
0 'Conner, Rev. A. Clayton Powell, Jr., Prof. Paul P. Rogers, Prof. Mar-
garet Schlauch, Prof. Robert K. Speer, Maxwell S. Stewart, Eldred C.
Vanderlaan, Oswald Garrison Villard, Dr. Harry F. Ward, and Prof.
Colston E. Warne.
NATIONAL SHARE-CROPPERS FUND
This Communist front is organized for the purpose of creating agita-
tion and dissension in agricultural districts throughout the United States.
Its Communist character is immediately indicated by the personnel
of its national board.
Eduard C. Lindeman is the National Chairman. Charles S. Johnson
is National Vice Chairman. Alfred Baker Lewis is Secretary-Treasurer.
The board is composed of the following : Mrs. Mary McLeod Bethune,
Anne Blaine, Albert Sprague Coolidge, Malcolm Boyd Dana, Max Delson,
Frank P. Graham, Sidney Hertzberg, Mrs. Raymond V. Ingersoll, James
Loeb, Jr., Francis J. McConnell, Morris Milgram, Edward L. Parsons,
Jennings Perry, Mrs. Giiford Pinchot, Eliot D. Pratt, Arthur Raper,
Ira DeA. Reid, Norman Thomas, Harriet Young and Charles S. Zimmer-
man.
Eduard C. Lindeman has been affiliated with the following Com-
munist front organizations : American Committee for Anti-Nazi Litera-
ture, American Council on Soviet Relations, American Investors Union,
American League for Peace and Democracy, American Committee for
Struggle Against War, American League Against War and Fascism,
American Society for Cultural Relations with Russia, American Youth
Congress, Congress of Youth, Citizens Committee to Free Earl Browder,
Coordinating Committee to Lift the Embargo, Greater New York Emer-
gency Conference on Inalienable Rights, Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Com-
mittee, League of American Writers, League for Mutual Aid, National
Emergency Conference for Democratic Rights, New York State Con-
ference on National Unity, Champion of Youth and Social Workers
Committee to Aid Spanish Democracy.
Charles S. Johnson has been affiliated with the following Communist
front organizations: American Committee for Protection of Foreign
Born, National Federation for Constitutional Liberties, and Southern
Conference for Human Welfare.
Alfred Baker Lewis has been affiliated with the following Communist
front organizations: National Citizens' Political Action Committee,
League for Mutual Aid, National Federation for Constitutional Liberties,
National Negro Congress, and Greater Boston Peace Strike Committee.
Mrs. Mary McLeod Bethune has been affiliated with the following
Communist front organizations : National Citizens' Political Action Com-
mittee, American Committee for Protection of Foreign Born, American
League for Peace and Democracy, Russian Reconstruction Farms, Ameri-
can Youth Congress, American Youth for Democracy, Coordinating Com-
mittee to Lift the Embargo, Council of Young Southerners, Daughters of
the American Depression, League of Young Southerners, National Com-
mittee to Abolish the Poll Tax, National Council of American-Soviet
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 335
Friendship, National Emergency Conference, National Emergency Con-
ference for Democratic Rights, National Federation for Constitutional
Liberties, National Negro Congress, National Negro Women's Council,
Negro People 's Committee to Aid Spanish Democracy, Southern Confer-
ence for Human Welfare, Southern Negro Youth Congress, United
Front for Herndon, Washington Committee for Democratic Action, and
the American Pushkin Committee.
Albert Sprague Coolidge has been affiliated with the following Com-
munist front organizations: National Citizens' Political Action Com-
mittee, American Friends of Spanish Democracy, American Student
Union, Citizens Committee to Free Earl Browder, Council for Pan Ameri-
can Democracy, Federation of Architects, Engineers, Chemists and Tech-
nicians, League for Mutual Aid, National Emergency Conference,
National Emergency Conference for Democratic Rights, Prestes Defense,
Washington Committee to Lift Spanish Embargo, and Greater Boston
Peace Strike Committee.
Frank P. Graham has been affiliated with the following Communist
front organizations : American Committee for Democracy and Intellec-
tual Freedom, American Committee for Protection of Foreign Born,
American Friends of Spanish Democracy, American League for Peace
and Democracy, Russian War Relief, Citizens' Committee to Free Earl
Browder, Committee for a Boycott Against Japanese Aggression,
Coordinating Committee to Lift the Embargo, Council of Young
Southerners, International Labor Defense, Lawyers Committee on Amer-
ican Relations with Spain, League of Young Southerners, National Com-
mittee to Abolish the Poll Tax, National Emergency Conference for
Democratic Rights, Southern Conference for Human Welfare, Southern
Negro Youth Congress, and Medical Bureau and Committee to Aid
Spanish Democracy.
Mrs. Raymond V. Ingersoll has been affiliated with the Communist
front, Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee.
James Loeb is a member of the Executive Board of the Communist
front, National Citizens' Political Action Committee.
Francis J. McConnell has been affiliated with the following Com-
munist 'front organizations : National Citizens' Political Action Commit-
tee, American Committee for Democracy and Intellectual Freedom,
American Committee for Protection of Foreign Born, American Com-
mittee to Save Refugees, American Friends of the Chinese People,
American Friends of Spanish Democracy, American League for Peace
and Democracy, American League Against War and Fascism, Ameri-
can Relief Ship for Spain, American Student Union, Appeal for Lawrence
Simpson, Citizens Committee to Free Earl Browder, Committee for
Peace Through World Cooperation, Committee to Save Spain and China,
Coordinating Committee to Lift Embargo, Exiled Writers Committee,
International Labor Defense, Joint Committee for the Defense of the
Brazilian People, League of American Writers, Methodist Federation for
Social Service, Michigan Civil Rights Federation, National Committee
to Abolish the Poll Tax, National Conference on Civil Liberties, National
Council of American-Soviet Friendship, National Emergency Conference
for Democratic Rights, National Religion and Labor Foundation,
336 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
National Right-to-Work Congress, New York Peace Association, Non-
Partisan Committee for the Re-election of Congressman Vito Marcan-
tonio, Protestant People's Institute of Applied Religion, China Aid
Council, Reichstag Fire Trial Anniversary Committee, Schappes Defense
Committee, Washington Committee to Lift Spanish Embargo, and Wash-
ington Friends of Spanish Democracy.
Edward L. Parsons has been affiliated with the following Communist
fronts : American Committee for Protection of Foreign Born, American
Committee to Save Refugees, American Friends of Spanish Democracy,
Christian League for Industrial Democracy, Citizens Committee to Free
Earl Browder, Statement Defending Communist Party, Joint Anti-
Fascist Refugee Committee, National Committee to Abolish the Poll Tax,
National Council of American-Soviet Friendship, National Emergency
Conference, National Emergency Conference for Democratic Rights,
National Federation for Constitutional Liberties, New Union Press,
Prompt Press, Schneiderman-Darcy Defense Committee, Medical Bureau
& Committee to Aid Spanish Democracy, Washington Committee to Lift
Spanish Embargo, and American Round Table on India.
Jennings Perry has been affiliated with the following Communist
fronts: National Citizens' Political Action Committee, National Com-
mittee to Abolish the Poll Tax, and Southern Conference for Human
Welfare.
Mrs. Gifford Pinchot (Cornelia Bryce) has been affiliated with the
following Communist front organizations: National Citizens' Political
Action Committee, League of Women Shoppers, Washington League of
Women Shoppers, China Aid Council, Washington Committee for Aid
to China, and Washington Tom Mooney Committee.
Eliot D. Pratt has been affiliated with the following Communist
front organizations : Open Road, American Student Union, and Descend-
ants of the American Revolution.
Arthur Raper has been affiliated with the following Communist front
organizations : Council of Young Southerners, League of Young South-
erners, and Southern Conference for Human Welfare.
Ira DeA Reid has been affiliated with the following Communist front
organizations: National Citizens' Political Action Committee, American
Committee for Protection of Foreign Born, American League Against
War and Fascism, Citizens Committee to Free Earl Browder, National
Federation for Constitutional Liberties, and Southern Conference for
Human Welfare.
Norman Thomas has been affiliated with the following Communist
front organizations : American Fund for Public Service, Russian Recon-
struction Farms, Inc., American Student Union, Garland Fund, Mother
Ella Reeve Bloor Banquet, and Consumer-Farmer Milk Cooperative, Inc.
Charles S. Zimmerman was a member of the Executive Committee
of the United May Day Committee with I. Amter of the Communist
Party. (Isreal Amter is a member of the National Committee of the
Communist Party of the United States.)
A letter under date of January 29, 1948, over the signature of
Eduard C. Lindeman, is evidence that this Communist front, National
Share-Croppers Fund, has interested itself in the organizational agitation
at the Di Giorgio Farms near Baker sfield.
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 337
The letter above mentioned encloses a reproduction of a communica-
tion from a John and Stella Gorman, alleged strikers, at the Di Giorgio
Fapms.
' * I hope you will read the enclosed letter, ' ' Lindeman 's letter con-
cludes, ' ' from Mr. and Mrs. Gorman which tells you in their own words
what they are fighting for. Won 't you contribute today so that these men
and women who are fighting for an expanding democracy in America will
know that their fellow citizens all over the Country support them in their
struggle for a better life ? ' '
The address of the National Share-Croppers Fund is listed as 501
Fifth Avenue, New York 17, New York, and Hazel Whitman is named as
the Secretary of the organization.
The strike at the Di Giorgio Farms, incidently is an organizational
strike, and is not concerned with hours, wages or conditions. The National
Labor Farm Union is anti-Communist and is embarrassed by Communist
efforts to inject Communists into the strike.
H. L. Mitchell, president of the National Farm Labor Union, and
Henry E. Hasiwar, a member of the National Executive Board of the
National Farm Labor Union, were subpenaed and appeared before the
committee at its Los Angeles hearing, February 18, 1948.
H. L. Mitchell presented copies of the Constitution of the National
Farm Labor Union indicating the organization's strong stand in refer-
ence to subversive organizations. * ' Members of the Communist Party, the
Ku Klux Klan, or any other subversive organization, shall be barred from
membership, ' ' Article III of the Constitution stated. Both Mitchell and
Hasiwar declared strongly against Communism and pointed out that the
union's officers, based on the policy of the organization, continuously
fought the efforts of Communists to infiltrate the union.
Mitchell stated that he had knowledge of the National Share-
Croppers Fund interest in the Di Giorgio affair. He testified that ' * The
National Share-Croppers Fund was founded in 1936 for the purpose of
aiding such organizations as the Southern Tenant Farmers Union. ' ' He
stated that he had no knowledge that the organization was Communist
tainted. He stated that the organization made small contributions occa-
sionally to the Di Giorgio strikers.
Both Mitchell and Hasiwar assured the committee that if the
National Share-Croppers Fund proved to be Communistic that they and
their union would sever all connection with it.
The committee has found the National Share-Croppers Fund a Com-
munist front organization.
NATIONAL STUDENT LEAGUE
Earl Browder declared at the Eighth Convention of the Communist
Party in 1934 that the National Student League "led and organized"
the revolutionary movement among the students of high schools, colleges,
and universities. ' ' From the beginning, ' ' he proudly stated, it has been
clearly revolutionary in its program and activities. ' '
Among the outstanding leaders of the National Student League were
the following : Donald Henderson, its secretary, an avowed Communist,
ousted from the faculty of Columbia University in 1933 for his Commu-
nist activity, later a speaker for the Communist Party and contributor
23— L-7088-D
338 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
to its monthly theoretical organ The Communist; Joseph Starobin, editor
of the New Masses, a Communist publication ; Adam Lapin, former cor-
respondent for the Daily Worker and presently a columnist for the Com-
munist West Coast publication the People's Daily World; Joseph Cohen,
editor of the Champion of Youth, the official organ of the Young Commu-
nist League.
In December, 1935, the National Student League merged with the
Student League for Industrial Democracy to form the American Student
Union.
A ' ' call for support ' ' of the National Student League was signed by
H. W. L. Dana, Sherwood Anderson, Newton Arvin, Roger Baldwin,
Malcolm Cowley, Mark Van Doren, Theodore Dreiser, Waldo Frank,
Michael Gold, Oakley Johnson, Corliss Lamont and Scott Nearing.
NATIONAL YOUTH ASSEMBLY AGAINST UNIVERSAL
MILITARY TRAINING
The national headquarters for this front is 38 Worth Street, New
York City. Literature for the organization is distributed by the First
Unitarian Church School Library, the little Red church in Los Angeles
on Eighth Street near Vermont.
The National Youth Assembly Against Universal Military Training
was called in Washington, D. C., for Sunday and Monday, February 15
and 16, 1948.
The Rev. John Darr signed what purports to be a " Call " in a form
letter under date of January 10, 1948. The "Call" urges the attendance
and participation of ' ' any individual or group who agrees that adoption
of U. M. T. will be a threat to American traditions of peace, freedom,
education, health, and moral standards. ' '
Correspondence is to be directed to Mrs. Elsie Willcox, executive
secretary of the organization in New York. The Rev. John Darr, Jr., is
listed as the executive secretary of the United Christian Council for
Democracy.
The list of sponsors are as follows: Clarence Albritton, Director,
NAACP Youth Council, Chicago ; George Alexander, Youth Committee,
Hellenic American Brotherhood, New York ; Raymond Alley, Methodist
Student Movement, Charlottesville, Virginia; Joseph Alper, President,
NAACP, New York University ; George Antonof sky, Chairman, Opera-
tions Subsistence, Michigan; Frank Archer, American Veterans Com-
mittee, University of Pennsylvania; Russel Austin, Columbia Univer-
sity, New York; James M. Ayers, Chairman, American Veterans Com-
mittee, Lafayette, Indiana; Rev. James W. Bell, Presbyterian Church,
Los Angeles ; Maxine Belton, Chairman, Young Adult Leadership Coun-
cil, Los Angeles ; Wallace Berry, Westminster Fellowship, Los Angeles ;
Paul Brown, President, Veterans Ass'n., City College of New York;
Louis Burnham, Southern Negro Youth Congress, Birmingham, Ala-
bama; Charles Butler, Youngstown Post, United Negro and Allied
Veterans of America, Ohio ; Joe Cadden, Civil Rights Congress, New
York City; Terry Carroll, Vice Chairman, Michigan Committee for
Academic Freedom, University of Michigan ; Bob De Frantz, Chairman,
NAACP, Bloomington, Indiana; Harry N. Dubin, President, Student
Veterans Coordinating Committee, Temple University; James Dugari,
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 339
Ex-Yank, London Correspondent; J. Arnold Feldman, Temporary
Chairman, Operations Subsistence, Indiana; James Felis, Executive
Secretary, Hellenic American Veterans, World War II; Harold Fine-
man, Treasurer, Operations Subsistence, Michigan; Jack Geist, Chair-
man, American Veterans Committee, University of Michigan; Fred
Gerlach, Slavic American Youth Council, New York City ; Jack Graham,
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, Uni-
versity of Texas; Elizabeth Green, American Unitarian Youth, Med-
ford, Massachusetts ; Ewart G. Guinier, International Executive Board,
National Office, United Public Workers, C.I.O.; J. W. Hammett, Jr.,
American Veterans Committee, Tulsa University ; Beatrice Hopp, Fort-
nightly Club, American Unitarian Youth, Brooklyn, New York; Jean
Huebston, Chairman, Unitarian Young Adult Group, Berkeley; John
Hunt, Jr., Y.M.C.A.-Y.W.C.A., University of Oklahoma; Kenneth
Jenkins, Chairman, American Veterans Committee, Wayne University;
Howie Kelman, President, American Veterans Committee, Brooklyn
College, New York; Charles Klare, Veterans Director, New York City
C.I.O. Council; Rev. Edwin E. Kraph, Garvanza Methodist Church, Los
Angeles ; Dave Laiidman, Executive Committee, New York Area Coun-
cil, American Veterans Committee ; Tim Leary, Berkeley American Vet-
erans Committee; Mollie Lieber, Public Affairs Director, American
Youth for Democracy; Wendell Lipscomb, Chairman, Unitarian Dele-
gation World Youth Festival; Oliver Martin, State Commander,
United Negro and Allied Veterans of American; Fred Masarik, Presi-
dent, Los Angeles Youth Council; Lionel J. Mlin, Executive Commit-
tee, Chicago Area Council of the American Veterans Committee ; Wini-
fred Norman, United Office and Professional Workers, C.I.O., New
York City; Robert O'Brien, Unitarian Fellowship, Berkeley; Herb
Oppenheimer, Co-Director, Young Progressive Citizens of America;
Dorothy Reed, Trinity Baptist Church, Los Angeles; Joe Reilly, Phila-
delphia Youth Council Against Conscription; Harold B. Richardson,
Chairman, Chapter 611, American Veterans Committee, University of
Oklahoma; Paul Robeson, Jr., Cornell University, son of Communist
singer, Paul Robeson; Anthony Salese, President, Local 430, United
Electrical Workers, C.I.O., New York City; Aaron D. Schneider,
Regional Director, United Office and Professional Workers, C.I.O., New
York; Michael Scott, Chairman, American Labor Party, New York
County Youth Committee ; Doris Senk, Executive Secretary, American
Youth for a Free World and Chairman, American Delegation to World
Youth Festival; Don Smith, Sub-District Director, United Packing-
house Workers, C.I.O., New York; Pete Smith, New York Patrolman,
National Maritime Union, C.I.O. , New York; Mollie Townsend, Cor-
responding Secretary, American Communications Association, Local 40,
C.I.O., New York; Melvin Webber, Vice Chairman, American Veterans
Committee, University of Texas; Jack Whorton, Las Vegas American
Veterans Committee, New Mexico; Art Wright, Chairman, American
Veterans Committee, Michigan State College; and Mary Yama, Ingle-
wood Y.W.C.A.
Harold Orr, left-wing president of the Communist dominated Los
Angeles Teachers Union A.F. of L., carried the floor fight to gag John
Broy, organizer for the Textile WTorkers, C.I.O., from proposing his
340 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
measure to ban Communists and fellow-travelers from the organiza-
tion. Arnold Schimberg of the Communist American Youth for Democ-
racy publicly defended the organization's position in including Com-
munists in the new organization.
This is not a sincere pacifist group opposed to war. It is a Stalinist
front to keep the United States militarily weak so that Russia will be
free for its conquest of Europe and Asia, and, eventually, for the con-
quest of the Western Hemisphere. It functions precisely, and for the
same purpose, as did the American Peace Mobilization during the
Stalin-Hitler pact.
NEW MASSES
Until its recent merger with Main Stream, the New Masses has
been the weekly journalistic voice of the Communist Party. Its first
appearance was as a monthly. As the Masses, it was suppressed by the
United States Government for its subversive policies.
Among those who were connected with the magazine are the fol-
lowing: Joseph North, Frederick V. Field, Barbara Giles, Herbert
Goldfrank, A. B. Magill, Ruth McKenney, John Stuart, Bruce Minton,
Virginia Gardner, Lionel Berman, Alvah Bessie, Richard 0. Boyer,
Bella V. Dodd, Joy Davidman, R. Palme Dutt, William Gropper, Alfred
Kreymborg, John Howard Lawson, Vito Marcantonio, Frederick Myers,
Samuel Putnam, Paul Robeson, Isidor Schneider, Howard Selsam,
Samuel Sillen, Joseph Starobin, Max Yergan, and Art Young.
NEWS VENDORS UNION, LOCAL 75, C.I.O.
This Communist organized and controlled front for news vendors
is part of the United Office and Professional Workers of America, C.I.O.
Louis Schwartz and William Axelrod, both of the News Vendors
Union, were subpenaed and testified at the committee's Los Angeles
hearing, February 17, 1948. Both men meticulously followed the Com-
munist Party line in evading and refusing to answer questions as to
their Communist affiliations.
Louis Schwartz has been a Communist for many years and registered
as such in Los Angeles in 1942.
William Axelrod is secretary-treasurer of the News Vendors Union,
Local 75, C.I.O. He admitted that the News Vendors Union and its
members had conducted fund raising drives for the Communist paper,
the People 's Daily World. The News Vendors Union, as an organization,
contributed sums of money, from time to time, to the Communist news-
paper. The People's Daily World for August 19, 1947 reported that the
News Vendors Union had contributed $500 to the support of the paper.
Axelrod refused to answer whether or not he was a member of the
Communist Party.
The headquarters of the News Vendors Union, Local 75, is located at
212 West Third Street in the City of Los Angeles.
In addition to William Axelrod and Louis Schwartz, Leonard Sher-
man, William Allen, Dave Small, Dave Kadish, Bob Greenberg, Harry
Malorus, Everett Twine, Abe Sherman, Ben Rothman, and Maurice
Taylor, are officials in the News Vendors Union.
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 341
NEWS OF THE WORLD
Successor to the Anti-Nazi News, publication of the Communist
front, the Hollywood Anti-Nazi League.
NOW
Publication of the Communist front, the Hollywood Anti-Nazi
League.
OPEN ROAD
Open Road operated "with the technical assistance in the Union of
Socialist Republics of Intourist (The Soviet State Tourist Co.) and with
the cultural assistance of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Society
for Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries (VOKS)."
Frederick V. Field, Mrs. Corliss Lamont, Joseph Barnes, Walter F.
Gellhorn, Jerome Davis, Maurice Hindus, Joshua Kunitz, Maxwell S.
Stewart, Colston E. Warne, and Goodwin Watson, have been affiliated
with Open Road.
John Rothschild, executive director of Open Road, has been asso-
ciated with Communist-front organizations unrelated to travel. He was a
member of the Advisory Board of Films for Democracy, a speaker for
the American Student Union, and a signer of a statement in behalf of
Communists arrested in Brazil.
An Open Road leaflet reads, in part, as follows :
' ' The Open Road was called into being by the demand of think-
ing Americans for a knowledge of the world * * * The needs of this
new class of travelers have called for a new technique in travel. The
Open Road, established in 1925 for the express purpose of supplying
it, has already served over a hundred groups of travelers with an
aggregate of more than a thousand members. "
PACIFIC WEEKLY
This Communist publication was alleged to be "a western journal of
fact and opinion." It was published at Carmel, California. The editor
and publisher was W. K. Bassett. Ella Winter, veteran California Com-
munist, was literary editor.
Associate editors were Lincoln Steffens, Dorothea Castelhun, Win-
throp Rutlege, Sara Bard Field, Daniel T. MacDougal, and Harry Con-
over.
The issue of November 11, 1935, lists Marie Del Welch, Robert Cant-
well, Carey McWilliams, Tom Kromer, Dorothy Erskine, Peter Quince,
Tillie Lerner, Robert Whitaker, Jean Winthrop, L. E. Claypool, Hilde-
garde Flanner, Harry C. Steinmetz, and Joseph Baras, as contributing
editors.
PAX PRODUCTIONS
This Communist organization poses as the "producers of progressive
radio transcriptions for use by unions and liberal organizations " (Peo-
ple's Daily World, January 14, 1948).
Carol Levine is the director and producer of PAX.
342 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
The People's Daily World lists several PAX productions :
" 'The Americanism of Mr. Mudgett,' the tale of a bottom-
bracket government employe who suddenly wakes up to find himself
'disloyal' and out of a job.
" 'Big Union,' which takes a look at the roughest, toughest
closed shop union in the world — free enterprise.
" 'Mr. Pine Faces Life,' which sees the housing crisis through
the eyes of a piece of 2x4 lumber. ' '
The People's Daily World reports that PAX has established offices
in New York and Chicago and that Peter Lyon, formerly eastern regional
president of the Radio Writer's Guild, is the chief of the New York office.
The Chicago office is allegedly headed by Rod Holmgren. San Francisco
recording and "artistic" talent is said to be used exclusively. Anthony
Boucher and Morris Watson are listed as PAX writers.
Roderick B. Holmgren was listed among the instructors and guest
lecturers of the Communist Party's Abraham Lincoln School in Chicago.
Morris Watson has been associated with the following Communist-
front organizations : American Committee for Democracy and Intellec-
tual Freedom, American League for Peace and Democracy, American
Peace Mobilization, National Labor Committee Against War, Petition to
Free Earl Browder, American Youth Congress, Committee to Defend
America by Keeping Out of War, Conference on Constitutional Liberties
in America, Consumers National Federation, Emergency Peace Mobiliza-
tion, Friday, Writers Congress, Jewish People 's Committee, Communist
picket line before the White House during Stalin-Hitler Pact, National
Federation for Constitutional Liberties, Message to the House of Rep-
resentatives Opposing the Dies Committee, New York Peace Association
(Stalin-Hitler Pact) , Open Letter for Closer Cooperation With the Soviet
Union, Progressive Committee to Rebuild the American Labor Party,
Veterans of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade, Council of United States Vet-
erans, Inc., Washington Committee for Democratic Action, the People's
Committee to Investigate Un-American Activities, and Washington
Peace Mobilization.
PEOPLE'S DAILY WORLD
The People's Daily World is the West Coast mouthpiece of the Com-
munist Party. (For the history and development of this periodical, see
the committee's previous reports.)
The People's Daily World" is published by the Pacific Publishing
Foundation, Inc., in San Francisco. Harrison George was editor-in-chief
for many years. John Pittman has been managing editor and Harry
Kramer has been business manager.
Recent (1948) issues of the People's Daily World list Al Richmond
as executive editor and Adam Lapin as associate editor. Sidney Burke
is listed as the Los Angeles editor and Harry Kramer as the business
manager.
The San Francisco office is located at 590 Folsom Street and the
Los Angeles office is at 206 South Spring Street.
The following Communists, in part, compose writers, past and pres-
ent, for the People's Daily World: Peggy Dennis, Johnny Canuck, Vir-
ginia Gardner, George Martin, George Hitchcock, Vann Ludwig, Juan
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 343
Polaiiias, John Howard Lawson, Ted Tinsley, Steve Charter, Harold
Salemson, Merle Nance, George Morris, Frank Mucci, Max Gordon,
James S. Allen, Johannes Steel, Vivian McGuckin, Philip Evergood,
Dave Blodgett, Kobert F. Hall, Bill Mar do, Eva Lapin, Jack Young,
Hodee Richards, Morris Schappes, Earl E. Payne, John Pittman, Lee
Coe, C. L. Rees, Zlatko Balokovic, Samuel Sillen, Jean R. Beck, Eliza-
beth M. Bacon, Patricia Killoran, Tony Russo, Emil Freed, Sam Kutnick,
Ruby Cooper, Sondra Gorney, Mason Roberson, William Z. Foster,
Max Gordon, George Kauffman, John Steuben, Mary Hays, John
Stapp, Philip Murray, A. F. Whitney, Harry Raymond, Sidney Burke,
Helen Simon, Walter J. Stack, Art Shields, Frank Pitcairn, Joseph
Starobin, Mirian Kolkin, Kathleen Cronin, Herb Tank, A. IK Onda, Mike
Quinn, William Allan, Mary Foote, Nemmy Sparks, Wes Bodkin, John
J. Abt, Pettis Perry, Fred Vast, Allan L. Fletcher, Al Ross, Elizabeth
Gurley Flynn, Philip Bock, Frederick V. Field, Howard Fast, Kilen
Taylor, Lloyd Lehman, Israel Epstein, Lena Epstein, Otto Wangerin,
Ken Howard, John Hudson Jones, Hildegaard Level, Merle Brodsky,
Ben Levine, Woody Guthrie, Archie Brown, Bill Whacker, Leon Kaplan,
C. F. Frost, Eric Webber, Okey Giggins, Esther Miller, Sid Partridge,
Walter Lowenfels, Edwin F. Ufheil, Lawson Milford, Hugh Bryson,
Abner W. Berry, Anna Louise Strong, Holland Roberts, Travis K. Hed-
rick, George Marion, David Platt, John Williamson, Bernice Carey,
Yvonne Shepherd, Louise Mitchell, Leon Lee, Jack Stachel, Barbara
Leigh, Marcel Dubois, Morris Childs, Al Richmond, Alan Max, Joseph
Clark, V. F. Coragliotti, Robert Minor, Pete Edises, Jack Green, Hazel
Grossman, Nat Low, Olive Sutton, Robert Kobin, Harry Fainaru, Jane
Gilbert, Albert E. Kahn, Carl Williams, Michael Bankfort, Mary Thomas,
Alex Treskin, Doug Ward, Adam Lapin, Milton Howard, and George
Lohr.
The People's Daily World utilizes the service of the United Press,
and on many occasions garbles the press items furnished by the United
Press in bending the news to the Communist Party line. Apparently the
United Press can do nothing about it.
All doubt of the Communism of Dr. Harry F. Ward is removed by
advertisements in the People's Daily World during February of 1948
announcing that Dr. Harry F. Ward and Al Richmond were to speak
on February 20th at the Embassy Auditorium under the auspices of the
People's Daily World.
Among those who express sympathy for Communism by advertising
in the Communist Party publication, the People's Daily World, are the
following: Charles Lewkowich, 5508 Santa Monica Blvd., Los Angeles;
Paquerette Pathe Studio, Los Angeles ; Harry Marcus, 324 South Spring
St., Los Angeles; Ayeroff Brothers, 1066 South La Cienega Blvd., Los
Angeles; L. K. Ward, 1959 Brooklyn Avenue, Los Angeles; Harry
Tanner's, 1314 Echo Park Avenue, Los Angeles; Auto-Tech Garage,
5284 West Adams, Los Angeles ; Eddie Gross, 356 South Flower, Los
Angeles ; Progressive Bookshop, 1806 West 7th St., Los Angeles; Melissa
Blake, 6840 Hollywood Blvd., Hollywood; Lester Horton, 7566 Melrose
Avenue, Los Angeles; Harry's Barbecue Drive-In, 81st and Western,
Los Angeles; Sun-Lake Drug Co., Sunset and Silverlake Blvds., Los
Angeles ; Ethical Drug, Beverly at Western, Los Angeles ; J. Wolf, 6306
South Broadway, Los Angeles ; Beckie Berg, 607 South Western Avenue,
344 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Los Angeles; Farber's Park View Manor, 2200 W. 7th Street, Los
Angeles; Max Hilberman, 1519 Griffith Park Blvd., Los Angeles; Sam
Tavris, Los Angeles ; Rube Shulman, Los Angeles ; Paramount Mattress
Co., 1449 Sunset Blvd., Los Angeles; J. Weiss, 233 South Broadway,
Los Angeles; Paul S. Light, 605 N. La Brea, Los Angeles; Mars Sta-
tioners, 707 South Broadway, Los Angeles, Danny Troy, 4403 South
Central, Los Angeles; Dr. Ralph Peters, 4426 Burns Avenue, Los
Angeles; Dr. Howard Mamlet, 2716 J North Broadway, Los Angeles;
William L. Goltz, 524 South Spring, Los Angeles; Dr. Howard Davis,
6252 Hollywood Blvd., Hollywood; Dr. Fred Greenberg, 430 West
Eighth St., Los Angeles; Dr. Bertram L. Roberts, 442^ North Fairfax
Avenue, Los Angeles; Dr. E. I. Goodlaw, 219 W. Seventh St., Los
Angeles; Dr. Irving Adler, 722 So. Hill St., Los Angeles; and J. P.
Lubey, Garvey.
On August 4, 1943, a " Press Conference" was held for the benefit
of the Communist People's Daily World at the First Unitarian Church
at 2936 West Eighth Street, Los Angeles. With the sympathetic coopera-
tion of the Rev. Ernest Caldecott, the First Unitarian Church in Los
Angeles has earned the appellation of the "Church of the Hammer and
Sickle. ' ' Under the new guidance of Communist Party liner Rev. Stephen
II. Fritchman, the church 's reputation is being maintained.
Among the sponsors of the Communist inspired conference for
the People's Daily World were John Howard Lawson, Assemblyman
Augustus F. Hawkins, Leo Gallagher, Herbert K. Sorrell, Carey
McWilliams, Charlotta Bass, Ernest Dawson, Al Waxman, Theodore
Dreiser, and R. Lai Singh.
The People 's Daily World for July 24, 1944 reports :
The Daily People's World leads the daily newspaper field in
understanding the contribution of industry and labor in Hollywood
to America 's war effort.
That's the statement of two prominent Hollywood leaders —
screen writer John Howard Lawson and Herbert Sorrell, president
of the Conference of Studio Unions.
Both Sorrell and Lawson are supporting the current $75,000
Victory Expansion Drive of the Daily People's World.
Virginia Gardner is an important Communist Party functionary.
She was subpenaed and testified before the committee February 18, 1948.
She was extremely nervous and confused, in contrast to the usual defiant
attitude of most Communists who appear before legislative investigating
committees. She stated that she had been in California since early in
October of 1947 and that she had formerly been an editor of the Com-
munist publication, New Masses. She stated that she was currently
employed by the Communist newspaper, the People's Daily World. She
reluctantly admitted that she knew Bruce Minton, who has been expelled
from the Communist Party. She agreed that Minton 's expulsion from
the Communist Party was true ; that it was a matter of record. She also
admitted knowing Ruth McKenney, Bruce Minton 's wife, who was also
expelled from the Communist Party.
Virginia Gardner freely admitted that she was a member of the
Communist Party.
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 345
At the conclusion of Virginia Gardner's testimony, the following
resolution was introduced and adopted by the Senate Committee :
WHEREAS, It has been firmly established that the Soviet Union,
through its affiliated and directed Communist Parties of the World,
has as its ultimate objective the destruction of the capitalist govern-
ments, including the United States of America ; and
WHEREAS, The Communist Party of the United States has estab-
lished itself as one of the most subservient and faithful fifth columns
of the Soviet Union, working continuously for the destruction of
the United States of America, its several States, and its institutions ;
and
WHEREAS, It has been firmly established that the Communist
press constitutes the chief medium for the dissemination of sedi-
tious and traitorous propaganda within the United States of America,
its several States and political subdivisions ; and
WHEREAS, The People's Daily World has been found by all
investigating agencies of the State and Federal Governments to be
the chief mouthpiece for the Soviet Union and the criminal inter-
national conspiracy for the destruction of the United States Govern-
ment ; and
WHEREAS, The Newspaper Vendors Union, C.I.O., has admit-
tedly contributed sums of money from time to time to the People's
Daily World, and makes a practice of distributing this vicious,
traitorous propaganda sheet of a hostile government; and
WHEREAS, Like all subversive organizations, the People's Daily
World and the Newspaper Vendors Union, C.I.O., raise the cry of
free speech and free press to cover seditious and disloyal activities ;
therefore be it
Resolved, That the Senate Fact-Finding Committee on Un-
American Activities in California, duly constituted by the Legis-
lature of the State of California for the purpose of investigating
subversive organizations and activities, meeting in the Assembly
Chambers, State Building, City of Los Angeles, this nineteenth day
of February, 1948, call upon the people, the fraternal and patriotic
organizations of the State of California to initiate a campaign
against the seditious People's Daily World and to inaugurate a
campaign of boycott against this mouthpiece of a hostile govern-
ment and international criminal conspiracy; and be it further
Resolved, That this committee of the Senate of the State of
California call upon the people of this State to refrain and desist
from patronizing any vendor or newspaper distributor who sells
or offers for sale the seditious People's Daily World or any other
periodical of the Soviet controlled Communist Party; and be it
further
Resolved, That all loyal Americans vending or distributing
newspapers in the State of California, are hereby requested to main-
tain placards at their places of business announcing that ' ' Seditious
and un-American literature Not sold here" so that the general
public may be advised that they are dealing with loyal American
citizens ; and be it further
346 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Besolved, That the press of the State of California be requested
to give this resolution the most prominent and conspicuous publicity
possible to the end that the people of the State of California be
fully advised of the findings and recommendations of the Senate
Fact-Finding Committee on Un-American Activities in California.
As was to be expected, the hard core of Communist Party liners
were immediately mobilized in defense of the Communist People's
Daily World. Bert Witt, Southern California director of the Communist
Progressive Citizens of America, Herbert Biberman, Lester Cole, Eeuben
W. Borough, Robert W. Kenny, and Norman Smith, were among the
first to come to the defense of the anti-United States, pro-Soviet, pro-
Communist People's Daily World. Bill Elconin, international field organ-
izer of the C.I.O. United Electrical, Radio and Machine Workers ; Ed
Roybal, chairman of the Community Service Organization; and Mrs.
Charlotta Bass, editor of the pro-Communist California Eagle, leaped
immediately into the arena in defense of Joe Stalin's California mouth-
piece.
Albert Dekker, former pro-Communist member of the California
Legislature, added his voice to the defense of the Kremlin.
Assemblyman Edward Elliott, of the Forty-fourth Los Angeles
Assembly District, made his initial public appearance as a supporter of
the red conspiracy by attacking the committee 's resolution as a violation
of the ' ' freedom of the press. ' '
PEOPLE'S EDUCATIONAL CENTER
See the Committee's 1947 Report for a full account of this Com-
munist school. (Pages 63 to 75 inclusive.)
Communists and fellow-travelers who have been connected with
this Communist project include John Howard Lawson, Albert Dekker,
Dr. Franklin Fearing, Leo Gallagher, Carey Me Williams, Charles Katz,
Philip M. Connelly, and Dr. Frank Davis.
Sidney Davison of the People's Educational Center was subpenaed
to appear before the committee at its February, 1948 hearing. John
McTernan, Davison 's attorney, presented a doctor's certificate signed
by H. Engelberg, stating that Sidney Davison was under his care and
was suffering from intestinal flu and would be unable to answer the
committee's subpena. Dr. Hyman Engelberg, who signed the certificate,
is listed as a teacher in the Communist People's Educational Center. He
was an instructor in the Communist school during the winter and fall
terms of 1947. He was listed as a speaker at the Communist Conference
on ''Thought Control" at the Beverly Hills Hotel on the eleventh day
of July, 1947. (This conference was sponsored by the Hollywood Arts,
Sciences and Professions Council of the Progressive Citizens of America.)
He subscribed to the People's Daily World as of July, 1940, at 805
Tularosa Drive, in Los Angeles. In September of 1947 Dr. Engelberg
was one of the donors to the Spanish Refugee Appeal at the Paul Robe-
son concert meeting in the Shrine Auditorium.
The following is from the committee's transcript of testimony for
February 18, 1948 (pp. 490-494) :
(By Mr. Combs) : Mr. Chairman, at the conclusion of the session
yesterday, we were discussing the background and history and
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 347
some of the personnel connected with the organization known as
the Hollywood Actors* Laboratory Theatre. It should be stated for
the record that that organization was certified by the office of the
State Department of Public Instruction, which qualified it for
subsidy under the GI Bill of Rights, and so far as we have been
able to learn, that certification still exists ; and under the law, when
such an institution has been certified by the State as a proper organ-
ization to qualify under the GI Bill of Rights, it is mandatory on the
Veterans Administration to provide funds for the veterans attend-
ing the institution, so long as that State Certification continues.
I might also add that, as most of the members of the committee
are aware, the State Department of Public Instruction also certified
the California Labor School in San Francisco, and until early in
1947, I believe, or late in 1946, following the hearing by this com-
mittee at Oakland on the school, we have the denial first, and then
the admission, by the school's director, that he was a Communist
and so registered in New York, and following an investigation by
the American Federation of Labor in San Francisco and its con-
clusion that the school was a Communist front, the school voluntarily
relinquished its claim to money from the Veterans Administration
for the ex-servicemen attending the school. Nevertheless, the
certification has not yet been withdrawn and, from a technical stand-
point, any veteran attending the institution could demand that he
be given GI money and the government would have no alternative
under the law except give it to him. I merely point that out in
order to finish the continuity on the Actors' Laboratory Theatre.
Chairman Tenney: Does the record show whether or not the
Department of Education has withdrawn its certification of approval
of the California Labor School ?
Mr. Combs : Well, the record, up to at least a couple of months
ago, showed that the certification had not been withdrawn; that
the school was still certified.
Whether the same situation exists with the People's Educational
Center, I don 't know, and that is one of the reasons why we subpenaed
some of these witnesses, to find out.
Mr. Chairman, in view of the fact that Mr. Davison is too ill
to be present for the next few days and that his illness started
yesterday when the other session commenced. I will read into the
record a documented report concerning his activities. I read first
from page 128 (Committee's 1943 Report) of an affidavit executed
by Rena M. Vale and I am quoting :
"When I attended new members classes in the Communist
Party, the instructor introduced himself as Sidney Martin,
but I later knew him as Sidney Davidson, which he stated was
his true name."
(Reading)
"He gave us the explanation that all capitalist governments
must be overthrown eventually before a world reform."
The records of the registrar of voters of Los Angeles County
show Mr. Davidson was registered as a Communist in Los Angeles
County in 1941.
348 UN-AMEEICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
The literature of the People's Educational Center, copies of
which I will shortly introduce into the record, show that Mr.
Davidson is director of the California Labor School at the present
time.
Chairman Tenney : Of the People's Educational Center ?
Mr. Combs : Pardon me. Of the People's Educational Center.
During the fall term of 1946, he was an instructor in labor
problems; he was an instructor in 1947, teaching the same sort of
a course, the same subject.
He was also registered as a Communist in 1940. He changed
to — he switched — he was also registered as a Communist in 1936,
continuously from 1936 to 1940 ; and in 1940 the record shows that
he changed his registration to Democrat ; and in 1946, he refused to
state his political affiliation.
The record also shows that his wife, who uses the name of
Jacobina Caro, was also a registered Communist.
*******
Mr. Combs: That she was an instructor at the People's Educa-
tional Center and also at the Actors ' Laboratory, concerning which
we had some testimony yesterday afternoon.
At this place in the record, in the transcript it should also
appear that at a previous hearing held by this committee, the
history of the People's Educational Center was developed and the
record shows that coincidentally with the discontinuance of the Com-
munist Workers School in Los Angeles, it was announced that a
new educational institution would commence and, shortly thereafter,
the People's Educational Center started and used the physical
appurtenances of the Workers School's chairs, desks, tables, book-
cases and so on, together with all of its library (officials of the
school have so testified) and among the organizations that loaned
it financial assistance was the League of American Writers con-
cerning which the testimony went into the record yesterday after-
noon.
Federal Judge Leon R. Yankwich voluntarily appeared Thursday.
February 19, 1948, at the committee's Los Angeles hearing. He wanted
to make a speech to the audience. It was only after he was admonished by
the chairman that he finally consented to address the committee.
He stated that he was appearing before the committee because he had
learned that his name had been included in previous committee reports,
in connection with the Communist school, the Los Angeles People's
Educational Center.
After Yankwich was impressed with the idea that his remarks should
be addressed to the committee and not to the Communists in the audience,
he said : * ' It was stated that I delivered a lecture before some educational
group and the newspaper which reported it had a statement which inti-
mated that I had been 'taken in' by a group * * *. So, all I want to do is
this — I want to say this : I do not care whether they are Communists or
anything else. * * *"
Judge Yankwich was informed that the committee had found the
People's Educational Center to be a Communist-front organization, and
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 349
that the judge's name had been listed on the organization's pamphlets as
an instructor or a lecturer.
Chairman Tenney questioned Judge Yankwich as follows (Commit-
tee 's transcript, Volume XL, page 729 ) :
* * * it seems to me that a federal judge should refrain from
lending his prestige to a Communist-front organization.
Judge Yankwich : I have never lent my prestige to anyone, but
when I was lecturing, and this was six or seven years ago, which I do
not do now — I am getting old; I have been a judge for 21 years,
Senator ; I was appointed, as I told you, by a Republican Governor
and elected twice by the people and then appointed by a Democratic
President — when I am asked to give the benefit of my study to any
group, I will do it, no matter who they are, black, white, Jews, Catho-
lics, Protestants, Communists or anyone else, if they listen to me.
Chairman Tenney: Would you permit the German American
Bund to use your name as a lecturer ?
A. No — yes ; not to use my name ; yes, I would. I would give a
lecture before them, on my own terms, as an individual.
On the morning of February 20, 1948, R. B. Combs, Committee
Counsel, read the committee record of Judge Leon Yankwich into the
transcript. The judge was advertised as a guest lecturer at the summer
term of the People's Educational Center in 1945. (Labor Herald, April
20, 1945.)
Yankwich was born in Roumania, and was naturalized in Modesto,
California, September 27, 1912. He has participated in open forum meet-
ings of the American Civil Liberties Union. In the People 's Daily World
for April 19, 1945, there is a photograph of Judge and Mrs. Leon Yank-
wich together with Dr. Frank Davis. Under the photograph is the caption
which reads as follows: "At a reception at their home for Dr. Frank
Davis, newly appointed Director of Education for the L. A. People's
Educational Association, Judge and Mrs. Leon Yankwich discussed with
Dr. Davis new perspectives for the P.E.A."
Dr. Frank Davis, previously a witness before this committee, was
formerly a professor at the University of California at Los Angeles. He
resigned this position to become Educational Director for the People's
Educational Center. (The first name for this Communist school was the
People's Educational Association. It was later changed to its present
name, People's Educational Center.)
Mr. Combs also introduced a copy of the Open Forum, published
every Saturday at 1022 California Building, Second and Broadway, Los
Angeles, by the Southern California branch of the American Civil Liber-
ties Union. This issue carried an article signed by Judge Leon Yankwich
attacking the Criminal Syndicalism Law, held constitutional by the high
courts of California and the United States. The bill is aimed at those who
advocate the overthrow of the government by force and violence.
The committee finds that Judge Yankwich 's conduct and attitude is
a disgraceful reflection upon the federal bench. For anyone to fraternize
with the enemies of the people of the United States, its Constitution and
government, is bad enough in itself, but when a judge of the federal
bench lends his position and name to dignify traitorous organizations,
350 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
such as the Communist People 's Educational Center, then no condemna-
tion is strong enough to characterize such action. In these critical times,
when the federal bench will be called upon to deal with cases involving
the traitorous activities of Communist-Soviet agents, a man such as
Yankwich is not qualified, because of his obvious bias and sympathy for
pro-Communist, pro-Soviet causes, to sit on the federal bench.
PEOPLE'S PEACE
Those familiar with Communist double talk recognize People's
Peace immediately as a Communist front. The name of Ernest Caldecott
as Executive Director becomes persuasive. The names of Mary McLeod
Bethune, Dr. Scott Nearing, and Dr. F. M. Pottenger as members of the
1 i Advisory Board ' ' remove all doubt.
The organization came into being early in 1947.
People's Peace follows the Communist line as laid down in the
People's Daily World and other Communist publications. It opposes the
Truman doctrine for aid to Greece and Turkey and propagandizes for
appeasement of Russia. "Why is Russia's century-old demand for a
warm water port on the Mediterranean not legitimate ? ' ' asks a People 's
Peace bulletin for March, 1947, over the signature of Ernest Caldecott.
Little Jacqueline Horner, concert pianist, was exploited in a recital
at the First Unitarian Church at 2936 West Eighth Street in Los Angeles
in a benefit on behalf of People 's Peace.
The Unitarian Church at 2936 West Eighth Street in Los Angeles
has been the meeting place for the Communist Party and its fronts for
many years. The committees of the Legislature investigating un-American
activities have endeavored unsuccessfully to subpena Ernest Caldecott.
The chairman of the committee (see Committee's 1945 Report) has pro-
tested, on behalf of the committee, church tax exempt property being
used contrary to law.
See the committee 's previous reports for a record of the Communist
activities of Ernest Caldecott. In spite of the protests of the American
members of the First Unitarian Church, Ernest Caldecott was replaced
by a man with even a more lurid record, Stephen H. Fritchman.
The Rev. Stephen Fritchman has been affiliated with many Commu-
nist activities. Along with such notorious fellow-travelers as Prof. Thomas
Addis, Prof. Franz Boas, Prof. Sophonisba Breckenridge, Hugh De
Lacey, Rockwell Kent, Rt. Rev. Edward L. Parsons, Arthur Upham Pope,
Michael Quill, Prof. Walter Rautenstrauch, George Seldes, Peter Shipka,
Herman Shumlin, Vilhjalmur Stefansson, Donald Ogden Stewart, and
Dr. Max Yergan, he sponsored the National "American All" Week of
the American Committee for Protection of Foreign Born, a Communist
front for the protection of alien Communists.
Fritchman was a sponsor of the American Rescue Ship Mission, an
enterprise of the Communist United American Spanish Aid Committee,
together with Dr. Edward K. Barsky, Dr. Thomas Addis, Prof. Lyman
R. Bradley, Helen R. Bryan, William E. Dodd, Jr., Muriel Draper, Leon
Feuchtwanger, Dr. Abram Flaxer, Dr. John A. Kingsbury, George Mar-
shall, Herman Shumlin, Dr. Henry E. Sigerist, Dr. Viljalmur Stefansson,
and others. (The American Rescue Ship Mission maintained headquarters
at 200 Fifth Avenue in New York City.)
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 351
Fritchman. was a signer of a " call ' ' to the Communist Fifth Congress
of Youth held in New York City in July, 1939, together with such party
liners as John P. Davis, George Soule, Oswald Garrison Villard, Max
Yergan, Mary McLeod Bethune, Robert Morss Lovett, Mary E. Woolley,
Heywood Broun, Jerome Davis, Gardner Jackson, Reid Robinson, Rose
Schneiderman, A. F. Whitney, John M. Coffee, Thomas F. Ford, Lee E.
Geyer, Ed V. Izak, Culbert L. Olsen, Robert F. Wagner, Rev. A. Clayton
Powell, Jr., and others.
Fritchman was one of a group of Communist-liners who appealed
to President Roosevelt in behalf of Earl Browder, head of the Communist
Party. This Communist front was known generally as the Citizens Com-
mittee to Free Earl Browder. Among others who composed this front or
who aided it are : W. Russell Bowie, Joseph Curran, Zara Dupont, E.
Franklin Frazier, Max Lerner, Reid Robinson, Willard Townsend, Mary
Van Kleeck, Carey McWilliams, James Waterman Wise, Philip M. Con-
nelly, Louis Goldblatt, Lyn Whiting, Henry Schmidt, Ernest Lovina,
James Smith, Ben Gold, Paul Stein, Donald McGuire, Hugh Bryson,
Walter J. Stack, Donald Henderson, Grant Oakes, Paul Heide, Roger
Baldwin, Max Bedacht, Prof. Franz Boas, Hugh DeLacy, Abraham
Flaxer, Elizabeth Gurley Flynn, Osmond K. Fraenkel, Dashiell Ham-
mett, Rockwell Kent, Max Lerner, Albert Maltz, Vito Marcantonio,
Arthur Upham Pope, Paul Robeson, Vilhjalmur Stefansson, Dr. Clinton
J. Taft, Dr. Harry F. Ward, and Max Yergan.
Fritchman was a sponsor of the Stalin-Hitler line Committee to
Defend America by Keeping Out of War, which preceded immediately
the launching of the American Peace Mobilization. Both groups were
inspired and dominated by the Communist Party and cooperated with
the German American Bund to keep the United States from assisting
Great Britain, France and China. (See the committee's 1943 report.)
Connection with any of the Communist fronts organized to support the
Stalin-Hitler pact may be considered the supreme test in determining
whether a Communist is, in fact, the "iron-disciplined revolutionary"
that Lenin demanded. Among those who joined Stephen H. Fritchman in
supporting Hitler during this period are the following : Rabbi Michael
Alper, Harry Elmer Barnes, Lewis Allen Berne, Prof. Franz Boas,
Philip M. Connelly, Joseph Curran, Jerome Davis, Theodore Dreiser,
Abraham Flaxer, Rockwell Kent, Robert Morss Lovett, Vito Marcan-
tonio, Michael Quill, Prof. Walter Rautenstrauch, Reid Robinson,
George Seldes, Oswald Garrison Villard, and Dr. Max Yergan.
Together with Dr. Mary E. Woolley, Rabbi Michael Alper, Dr. Wal-
ter B. Cannon, Lion Feuchtwanger, Kenneth Leslie, Heinrich Mann,
Princess Helga zu Loewenstein, the Rev. Stephen H. Fritchman spon-
sored the Communist Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee, organized
by the Communist Party to protect Communist refugees.
Fritchman signed a "Message to the House of Representatives" in
January of 1943 opposing the renewal of the Dies Committee. This "mes-
sage" was a frenzied Communist-inspired enterprise. Among the signa-
tories are the following : Louis Adamic, Comfort A. Adams, George P.
Adams, Fay E. Allen, Rabbi Michael Alper, Max Bedacht, Gray Bemis,
William Rose Benet, John C. Bennett, Mary McLeod Bethune, Raymond
T Birge, Dr. George Blumer, Dr. Ernst P. Boas, Allen Boretz, Sopho-
nisba P Breckenridge, Joseph R. Brodsky, Dr. Charlotte Hawkins
352 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Brown, Morris Carnovsky, Harry M. Cassidy, Rev. Don M. Chase, George
A. Coe, Louis Colman, Lincoln Constance, Giovanni Costigan, J. A. Cot-
ton, Frederick A. Counts, Joseph E. Curran, Hazel Morton Gushing,
Frank C. Davis, W. J. Decker, Hugh De Lacy, Bella V. Dodd, Muriel
Draper, Theodore Dreiser, Alice Hendrickson, Donald Henderson, Wil-
liam Houk, Langston Hughes, Abraham J. Isserman, Paul Jarrico,
Arthur Kallet, Marie L. Kayser, Freda Kirchwey, Alfred Kreymborg,
Graham A. Laing, John Dzenit, Albert I. Elkus, Dr. Leo Eloesser, S.
Enee, Henry Pratt Fairchild, Sara Bard Field, James Ray Files, H. H.
Fisher, Abraham Flaxer, Elizabeth Gurley Flynn, Wanda Gag, W. Hors-
ley Gantt, Leo Gallagher, Kate Crane Gartz, Ben Gold, Louis Goldblatt,
R. A. Gordon, Corliss Lament, Dr. Emil Lengyel, Meridel Le Seuer, Rev.
Edgar A. Lowther, Rev. William McGee, Albert Maltz, Dr. W. H. Man-
waring, George Marshall, Stewart Meigs, Lewis Merrill, Bruce Minton,
Rev. Richard Morf ord, Dudley Nichols, Mrs. Nixon Norris, Jerry 0 'Con-
nell, Tom O'Connor, Rev. G. Bromley Oxman, Rt. Rev. Edward L. Par-
sons, Stuart Pettingill, Arthur Upham Pope, Rev. Adam Clayton Powell,
Jr., Michael J. Quill, Walter Rautenstrauch, Wallingford Reigger, Reid
Robinson, Max Savelle, Pauline G. Schnidler, Thelma Schnee, Margaret
Schlauch, Viola Brothers Shore, Rev. Theodore G. Scares, Hester Sonder-
gaard, Herbert K. Sorrell, Louis Stein, Donald Ogden Stewart, Anna
Louise Strong, Lewis M. Terman, Frederick Thompson, Rev. Dillon Wes-
ley Throckmorton, Mathew 0. Tobriner, Edward C. Tolman, E. F. Tracy,
Jim Tully, Frank Tuttle, Rev. William A. Tyler, Margaret Vinton, Mor-
ris Watson, Mary Waymouth, Clara Weatherwax, Mary F. Wesselhoeft,
Charles E. S. Wood, Maxine Wood, Mary E. Woolley, and Dr. Max
Yergan.
Fritchman so boldly and brazenly followed the Communist Party
line in his editorship of the official Unitarian magazine, Christian
Register, that he was fired early in 1947. He has been a member of the
staff of editorial advisers of the Communist Protestant, published at 521
Fifth Avenue, New York City. Jerome Davis, Hewlett Johnson (Red
Dean of Canterbury), G. Bromley Oxnam, A. Clayton Powell, Johannes
Steel, and Henry N. Wieman are other members of the advisory staff of
the Protestant..
Fritchman was among those who signed a letter to Governor Thomas
E. Dewey of New York seeking a pardon for the Communist Morris U.
Schappes who had been convicted of the crime of perjury. The letter
was an enterprise of the Communist organized Schappes Defense Com-
mittee and the signatories included the following, in addition to Fritch-
man: Prof. Thomas Addis, Stanford University; William Rose Benet;
Prof. Raymond T. Birge, University of California, Berkeley ; Rev. Oliver
Hart Bronson, Summerland, California ; Dr. Charlotte Hawkins Brown ;
Van Wyck Brooks, writer ; Joseph Curran, Benjamin J. Davis, Theodore
Dreiser, Waldo Frank, Sol Goldman, Ben Hecht, Langston Hughes,
Rockwell Kent, Freda Kirchwey, John Howard Lawson, Canada Lee,
Ray Lev, Louis Lipsky, Florence H. Luscomb, Prof. W. H. Mainwaring,
Stanford University; Albert Maltz, Congressman Vito Marcantonio,
George Marshall, Rev. William H. Melish, Martin Popper, Dr. Adam
Clayton Powell, Jr, Michael J. Quill, Prof. Walter Rautenstrauch,
Columbia University; Paul Robeson, Earl Robinson, Donald Ogden
Stewart, Rabbi Joshua Trachtenberg, Oswald Garrison Villard, Prof.
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 353
Harry F. Ward, Prof. F. W. Weymouth, Stanford University; Rev.
David Rhys Williams, Mary E. Woolley, Mt. Holyoke College, and Wil-
liams Zorach, sculptor.
Fritchman was a sponsor of the Communist United American Span-
ish Aid Committee organized by the Communist Party of the United
States to assist Spanish Communists in finding a haven in Mexico. This
organization was headed by Dr. Edward K. Barsky and was composed
of such party-liners as Dr. Thomas A. Addis, Martha Dodd, Herman
Shumlin, Prof. Lyman R. Bradley, Dr. Herman Gold, Carol King, Ray
Kuntz, Wallingfor Riegger, George Seldes, and Herbert Witt.
Cosponsors with Fritchman were Kyle Crichton, Muriel Draper, Wil-
liam Gropper, Rockwell Kent, George Marshall, Dorothy Parker, Dr.
Henry E. Sigerist, and Max Yergan.
Fritchman was a member of the American Round Table on India,
a Communist front headed by Robert Norton, a well-known member of
the Communist Party. Among the other members of this group are the
following: Louis Adamic, Philip J. Jaffe, Mary McLeod Bethune, Dr.
J. Harry Cotton, Lillian Hellman, Bishop G. Bromley Oxnam, Rt. Rev.
Edward L. Parsons, Giiford Pinchot, Arthur Upham Pope, Rev. Adam
Clayton Powell, Jr., Lee Pressman, Elmer Rice, and Dr. Mary E.
Woolley.
The first Unitarian Church in Los Angeles continuously distributes
Communist literature, pamphlets, handbills, and leaflets. Latest is an
announcement of Communist Langston Hughes' appearance at Occi-
dental College on March 31, 1948. Hughes may be said to rate with Paul
Robeson as notorious Negro leaders in the Communist field. The commit-
tee has heretofore reproduced Hughes' blasphemous poem "Good Bye
Christ" in which all religion is lampooned and Marx, Lenin and Stalin
are praised.
Langston Hughes' appearance at Occidental College will be under
the auspices of the Eagle Rock Council for Civic Unity. Jerome W.
McNair is the general program chairman of this group. The local chair-
man is Benjamin L. DeWees and the secretary is Esther Hoag. Elizabeth
A. Wood is an active member of the Eagle Rock Council for Civic Unity.
Communist Hughes is to be introduced by the former Los Angeles
City Librarian, Althea Warren.
Jerome W. McNair is affiliated with a number of Communist organi-
zations including the American Civil Liberties Union and the American-
Russian Institute.
(NOTE: As this report goes to press, a spokesman for Occidental
College announces that the institution has cancelled Hughes' appear-
ance. )
PROGRESSIVE CITIZENS OF AMERICA
See the Committee's 1947 Report, pages 236 to 240.
Early in 1946 the Independent Citizens' Committee of the Arts,
Sciences and Professions and the CIO Political Action Committee gave
a $12.50 plate dinner at the Astor in New York City, at which Andrei
Gromyko was speaker.
On April 13, 1946, the Independent Citizens' Committee of the
Arts, Sciences and Professions and the CIO Political Action Committee,
24 — L.-7088-D
354 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
together with about 2,000 Communists and pro-Communists, gathered
in New York City and listened to Henry Wallace. Claude Pepper, Dr.
Frank Kingdon and others also spoke. Organizations such as the Com-
munist International Workers' Order and the Communist Party pur-
chased tickets in blocs at $10 each.
The merger conference met in Chicago September 28 and 29, 1946.
The National Committee to Win the Peace, the Independent Citizens'
Committee of the Arts, Sciences and Professions, the CIO Political
Action Committee, the Youth Political Action Committee, the National
Farmers' Union, the Southern Conference for Human Welfare, National
Negro Congress, Independent Voters of Illinois, Liberal Voters' League
of St. Louis, Progressive Citizens of Ohio, Independent Voters of New
Hampshire, Progressive Citizens of Cleveland, Progressive Citizens of
Cincinnati, New Jersey Independent Citizens' League and Oberlin
Political Action Committee were represented.
The board of directors of the new organization were selected in
equal number from the National Citizens' Political Action Committee,
the Independent Citizens' Committee of the Arts, Sciences and Profes-
sions, and the National Committee to Win the Peace. The other organiza-
tions were given vice presidential posts.
Frank Kingdon and Jo Davidson were selected cochairmen of
the emerging Progessive Citizens of America, each having previously
served as cochairmen of two of the major merging groups. Herman
Shumlin was elected secretary. Michael M. Nisselson was made treasurer.
Executive vice chairmen are C. B. Baldwin and Hannah Dorner. Vice
chairmen are Van Wyck Brooks, Elmer A. Benson, John Cromwell,
Bartley C. Crum, Norman Corwin, Clark Foreman, Lillian Hellman,
Gene Kelly, Robert W. Kenny, Frederic March, Paul Robeson, Harlow
Shapley, A. F. Whitney, R. R. Wright, J. Raymond Walsh, Paul Tish-
man, and Marshall Dimock.
Aubrey Williams and Carey Me Williams are members of the board
of the Progressive Citizens' of America. The movement does not dis-
criminate against Communists or Communist f renters; as a matter of
fact they are cordially invited to join.
The Progressive Citizens' of America is an organization designed
for bold political pressure tactics and demonstrations. Members of the
Washington State branch recently marched on the State Capitol in
support of Communist demands. Its chief work, in addition to the Third
Party movement, is propaganda attacks on the Truman administration
and advocacy of appeasement toward Russia and her satellite countries.
The Progressive Citizens' of America publishes the PC A News
Release, with offices located at 205 E. 42d Street, New York City, and
1919 L Street, N.W., Washington, D. C. ; and the Progressive Citizen,
published in New York. Ralph Shikes is editor, and Milton Meltzer is
associate editor. The Washington, D. C., office is in charge of Luke W.
Wilson, former Orientation Officer in the United States Army.
Executive heads of the women 's division of the Progressive Citizens
of America are Helen Rosen and Grace Leidman.
The California section of the Progressive Citizens of America is
currently engaged in a campaign against the congressional and state
legislative committees investigating un-American activities. It joins
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 355
openly with the Communist Party, the International Workers' Order,
National Negro Congress, and the American Jewish Congress.
The Los Angeles branch of the Progressive Citizens of America is
1515 Cross Roads of the World. The ballot for officers of the Los Angeles
branch for October 27, 1947, includes the following names : Dr. Murray
Abowitz, Mrs. Mary Aidlin, Gregory Ain, Sam Albert, Robert Alexander,
Jarvis Barlow, Mrs. Charlotta Bass, Jack Y. Berman, Edward Biber-
man, Henry Blankfort, Michael Blankfort, William Blowitz, Helen
Boardman, Reuben Borough, Abe Burrows, Mrs. Myrtle H. Cannon,
Clarence C. Carlson, Dr. Glen Carlson, Dr. Helen Christiansen, Frank
F. Chuman, John Cromwell, Howard DaSilva, Albert Dekker, Mrs.
Elliot Dexter, Mrs. Charlotte Dieterle, John Entenza, Dr. Welles Forde,
Kenneth I. Fulton, Frances Goodrich, Morris A. Halprin, Dr. Harold
Haskell, Hon. Augustus Hawkins, Harold Hecht, Rose Hobart, Lena
' Home, Dr. H. Claude Hudson, Richard A. Ibanez, Alvin P. Jackson,
Reginald Johnson, Charles Jones, Dr. Maurice Kamins, Charles Katz,
Gene Kelly, Robert W. Kenny, Howard Koch, Raphael Konigsberg,
John Howard Lawson, Simon A. Lazarus, Mendel H. Lieberman, Mrs.
Leah Lovell, Dr. Don MacQueen, Mrs. Elizabeth McCandless, Carey
Me Williams, Frances Millington, Sam Moore, Robert S. Morris, Jr.,
Edward Mosk, Carlton Moss, Mrs. Esther Nasatir, Dr. Harold Orr,
Seniel Ostrow, Albert Patrick, Mrs. Elizabeth Payne, Dr. Linus Pauling,
Gregory Peck, Nat Perrin, Frederic I. Rinaldo, Earl Robinson, Edward
G. Robinson, Adrian Scott, Nathan Shapiro, Mrs. Jean Sieroty, Mrs.
George Slaff, Ben Solnit, Percy Solotoy, Marian Spitzer, Louis Tabak,
Dalton Trumbo, Shepard Traube, Frank Tuttle, Dr. Chester Van Atta,
Bob Wachsman, Clore Warne, Joe Weston, Mrs. William Wyler, Jakob
Zeitlin, Larry Adler, Mrs. Lynn Akerstein, Averill Berman, Mrs. Phyllis
Blackmail, Jeff Boehm, Max Chudnow, Edward E. Elliott, Eugene
Fisher, Mrs. William Goodley, Mrs. Alice Hoskins, I. Jacobson, Sarajo
Lord, Mrs. Eleanor Maas, Mrs. Emily Morse, Charles Muehling, Eloise
Perry, Matthew Richman, George Shibley, Robert 0. Staniforth, Mrs.
Samuel J. Tilden, Mortimer Vogel, Abraham S. Weiner, Mrs. J. H.
Winfrey, Walter Bodlander, Murray Bruck, Matt Gandall, Irvin Gartner
and Mrs. Marjorie Leonard.
Robert W. Kenny is the chairman, Mrs. Charlotte Dieterle, secre-
tary, and Robert S. Morris, Jr., is the treasurer of the California Branch.
The Monday, November 3, 1947 issue of the Hollywood Reporter
carries a full page advertisement ''contributed by the Actors Division of
the Progressive Citizens of America. ' ' The ad is captioned ' ' The Thomas
Rankin Committee Must Go ! " It reads :
We, the undersigned members of the acting profession, acclaim
Larry Parks, one of the ''unfriendly nineteen"; We acclaim those
actors who appeared in Washington to protest the star chamber pro-
ceedings * * * those others who broadcast their indignation on the
air and in the press * * * and those who remained to fight here. We
are proud that they are upholding the finest traditions of our profes-
sion and our Country.
The names that are appended signatory to the foregoing are as fol-
lows : Jay Adler, Mona Allister, William Allister, George Bachus, Henry
Bachus, Jim Bachus, Ellen Baer, Mary Baer, Joan Banks, Lee Barrie,
356 UN- AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Paula Bay, Marjory Becket, Edgar Barrier, Al Benault, Bea Benedaret,
Helen Beverly, Whit Bissell, Betsy Blair, Dorothy Blass, Lambert Blass,
Roman Bohnen, Charles Boswell, Phoebe Brand, Henry Brandon, Janet
Brandt, Lloyd Bridges, J. Edward Bromberg, John Brown, Phil Brown,
Robert Burns, Jr., Ernest Butterman, Herbert Cahill, Josephine Cald-
well, Camille Cannady, Morris Carnovsky, Jack Carrington, How-
land Chamberlain, Sidney Chaplin, Frances Chaney, Coreene Cochem,
Edward Clark, Angela Clarke, David Clarke, Lee Cobb, Muriel Coburn,
Gladys Cole, Frank Conlan, Curt Conway, Bert Conway, Fran Cooper,
Rose Cooper, Jeff Corey, George Coulouris, Kay Cousins, John Craw-
ford, Mary Jane Croft, Dennis Cross, Helen Crozier, Rosalie Cunning-
ham, Allyn Daley, Howard Da Silva, Robert A. Davis, Sid Davis, Mary
Davenport, Olive Deering, Lileta Del Mar, Ludwig Donath, Victor Drake,
Sidney Dubin, Howard Duff, Marjorie Dunfee, Scott Elliot, David Ellis,
George England, Alice Fallender, Syd Fallender, Mary Virginia Farmer,'
Joel Fluellen, Fred Freiberger, Gerald Fritz, David Fresco, Loren Gage,
Betty Garrett, Dorothy Gibbs, Isobel Gibbs, Julie Gibson, Jod}^ Gilbert,
Don Giovannie, Edmond Glover, Charles Glynn, Clark Gordon, Lloyd
Gough, Fred Graff, Lee Graham, Jon Gusick, Maurice Gruenberg, Rich-
ard Hale, John Halliday, Alvin Hammer, Bert Hanlon, Ken Harvey,
Barry Heenan, Vivian N. Henson, Rose Hobart, Bob Hoffman, Lawrence
Holden, Helen Hornick, Jerry Housmer, Jack Hyam, John Ireland, Rus-
sell D. Johnson, Lester Joy, Byron Kane, Robert Karnes, Doris Karnes,
Robert Kerns, Terry Kilburn, Peter W. Klein, Mickey Knox, Lee Korf ,
Edith Kroll, Alan D. Lawson, Gloria Lederman, Robert Lee, Will Lee,
Peter Leeds, David A. Leonard, Sam Levine, Mary Lewis, Katherine
Locke, Gwen Logan, Peter Lorien, Frank Love joy, Norman Lloyd, Julian
Ludwig, Daniel Mann, Winnie Mann, Adrian Marden, Frank Marlowe,
Byron Marrow, E. S. Marshall, Alice Martin, Dewey Martin, Martin
Mason, Ed Max, Ray Mayer, Robert McCahon, Greg McClure, Mary Alice
McEwen, Gordon E. McDonald, John Mclntyre, Lucille Meredith, J.
Miller, Marvin Miller, Judy Mirsky, Henry Morgan, Monty Morgan,
Marilyn Moore, Karen Morley, Bob Nelson, Marjorie Nelson, Doris
Nolan, Janet Nolan, Marsha Norman, Carol Norris, Arthur 0 'Connell,
Wyatt Ordung, Angele Owens, Joe Papirofsky, Jim Parker, Ronnie
Paris, Robert Patten, Kenneth Patterson, Tom Pedi, Leo Penn, Ruth
Perrott, Barney Phillips, Bernard Phillips, Elanore Pine, John Ploy-
ardt, John Poletti, Robert Pryor, Stanley Prager, Delores Quintana, Emil
Rameau, Alan Reed, Al Reiter, Vincent Renno, Sam Resnick, Anne
Revere, Frances Rey, Robert Richards, Marian Richman, Sonia Rifkin,
Stephen Roberts, Sheila Rogers, Selena Royle, Gale Roberts, Shimen
Ruskin, Bernice Rubane, Alex Rubin, Frances Sage, William J. Schal-
lert, Eileen Schiff, Natalie Schuchett, Dorothy Scott, Evelyn Scott, Peter
Seeger, Sherwin Seltzer, Virginia Sharpe, Robert Shayne, Martha Snow,
Sandy Siegal, Jerry Silvern, June Smaney, Art Smith, Billy D. Smith,
Clyde H. Snow, Gale Sondergaard, Milton Starr, Penny Starr, Naomi
Stevens, Paul Steffen, Carol Stone, Constance Stone, Louise Stuart, Hen-
nie Sunshine, Arno Tanney, Jon Tenor, Dorothy Tree, Willy Trenk,
George Tyne, Peter Virgo, Herman Volz, Herman Waldman, Harlan
Warde, Joseph Warfield, Lynn Whitney, Thelma Walker, Pat Wallace,
Frances Williams, Mervin Williams, George Woods, and Ned Young.
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 357
Chapters and meetings of Progressive Citizens of America have been
organized throughout the State of California. George Shibley, Commu-
nist Party line attorney, has been active for the organization in Long
Beach. At a meeting of the Long Beach Chapter on February 13, 1948,
held at 835 Locust Avenue, in addition to Shibley, Bert Witt and Martin
Hall were the principal speakers. Malvina Reynolds was the secretary.
Bob Greenhoot also spoke.
The Arts, Sciences and Professions Council of the Progressive Citi-
zens of America met in the Beverly Hills Hotel in Beverly Hills, July 9
to 13, 1947, for the purpose of launching a nation-wide campaign against
"thought control," the current party line in attacking committees
investigating subversive activities. Among those who participated in this
meeting were George Pepper, Norman Corwin, John Cromwell, Hugh
DeLacy, Howard Koch, Millan Brand, Dorothy Hughes, Donald Ogden
Stewart, Irving Pichel, Paul Henreid, Vincent Price, Roy Harris, Albert
Maltz, Philip Stevenson, Vera Gaspary, Guy Endore, Melvin Levy, Sam
Ornitz, Wilma Shore, Alfred Noyes, Alexander Knox, Anne Revere, and
Selene Royle.
RUSSIAN RECONSTRUCTION FARMS, INC.
This organization was created to aid and" finance ' ' teaching Russian
peasants machine methods in agriculture," according to a report of the
Garland Fund of January 20, 1926, listing its donation of $20,000, the
purchase of $10,000 stock, and a gift of $3,000. Sidney Hillman, William
Z. Foster, Robert W. Dunn, and Benjamin Gitlow were directors of this
fund.
J. B. Collings Wood auditor of this group, was also the auditor for
the Friends of Soviet Russia. Lucy G. Branham was the field secretary
and Harold M. Ware was the manager in Russia.
RUSSIAN WAR RELIEF, INC.
John A. Kingsbury announced at a meeting of the American Council
on Soviet Relations July 2, 1941, that "it is the council's purpose to rally
American public opinion behind support to the TJ.S.S.R." Speakers at
this meeting of the American Council on Soviet Relations were announced
as including Thomas L. Harris, Corliss Lament, Mary Van Kleeck, Paul
Robeson, and Jack Lawrenson. The endorsers of the meeting included
Edgar Snow, Henry Pratt Fairchild, Rockwell Kent, Theodore Dreiser,
and Vilhjalmur Stefansson.
Subsequently a meeting was held (July 29, 1941) at the Hotel Lex-
ington in New York City attended by Joseph Fels Barnes, Edward C.
Carter, Walter Duranty, Frances Adams Gomberg, John A. Kingsbury,
Harriet Lucy Moore, Henry E. Siegerist, and Vilhjalmur Stefansson.
Out of this meeting came the Russian War Relief. The board was
composed of Edward C. Carter, president; Frances Adams Gomberg,
C. C. Burlingham, Harriet Moore, Raymond Robbins, Whitney North
Seymour, Henry E. Sigerist, Vilhjalmur Stefansson, and Allen Wardwell.
It should be understood that the Russian War Relief is, in every
respect a satellite front of the Communist Party and that it is not an
organization similar to the American Red Cross.
358 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
At a Madison Square Garden meeting of the Russian War Relief,
the Furriers Union contributed a check of $25.000 and the Communist
International Workers Order contributed $35,000.
While it is undoubtedly true that many well-intentioned loyal Amer-
icans were tricked into believing that the Russian War Relief was a bona
fide American agency, the hard core of Communist influence and direc-
tion is evident. Names picked at random from a list published in the New
York Times for October 10, 1941, indicate the true complexion of the
organization.
' ' These prominent Americans ask your help on behalf of the Russian
people ' ' is the New York Times ' caption : The list, in part, is as follows :
Mischa Auer, Prof. Franz Boas, Sidney Buchman, Pearl S. Buck, Marc
Connelly, Norman Corwin, Dr. Leo Eloesser, Lion Feuchtwanger, Harold
Henry Fischer, John Garfield, Ira Gershwin, Ben Hecht, Lillian Hell-
man, Robert W. Kenny, Prof. Robert J. Kerner, Dr. Eugene S. Kilgore,
Freda Kirchwey, Max Lerner, Robert Morss Lovett, Archibald MacLeish,
Thomas Mann, Lewis Milestone, William Morris, Rt. Rev. Edward L.
Parsons, Basil Rathbone, Elmer Rice, Mrs. Edward G. Robinson, Jacob
Rosenberg, Selena Royle, Herman Shumlin, Edgar Snow, Gale Sonder-
gaard, Raymond Gram Swing, Heather Thatcher, Frank Tuttle, Walter
Wanger, Katherine Warren, Margaret Webster, Orson Welles, Albert
Rhys Williams, Dr. David Rhys Williams, and Dr. Stephen S. Wise.
SCHNEIDERMAN-DARCY DEFENSE COMMITTEE
This front was organized by the Communist Party for the purpose
of defending William Schneiderman and Sam Darcy (Dardek) who have
been prominent in Communist leadership in California. William Schneid-
erman is still the head of the Communist Party in California. Only stupid
people or traitors to the United States would lend their names to such a
brazen organization.
Among those who have supported the Schneiderman-Darcy Defense
Committee are the following : Dr. Thomas Addis, Rev. Carl Allen, George
R. Andersen, Dr. H. Gale Atwater, John D. Barry, Rene Battaglini,
Louise Bransten, Harry Braverman, A. Stafford Briggs, Ernest Dawson,
Sadie Roberts Dawson, Roy Donnelly, Theodore Dreiser, Elizabeth Free-
man, Edward D. Gallagher, Leo Gallagher, Kate Crane Gartz, Dr. T. P.
Gerson, Elsa Gidlow, Annie Riley Hale, Ellis 0. Jones, C. H. Jordan,
Rev. Andrew Juvinall, Mrs. Marie Long Kayser, Rev. Otis Linn, Ben
Margolis, Henry F. McGrath, Carey Me Williams, Wilbur Needham,
George Olshausen, Helen K. Pell, Rev. L. W. Reneau, Dr. Louis G. Reyn-
olds, Rev. E. P. Ryland, Chaim Shapiro, Herbert Sorrell, Ralph Stack-
pole, Clinton J. Taft, Lewis M. Terman, Jessie L. Terry, Frederick
Thompson, Ethel Turner, Douglas Ward, Rev. George Warmer, Rev.
Robert Whitaker, Anita Whitney, George Wilson, A. L. Wirin, George
P. West, Marie Del Welch, and Rev. A. D. Faupel.
Among those who endorsed the Committee for Citizenship Rights,
which was a subsidiary Communist front for the defense of William
Schneiderman, were the following : Prof. Walter Rautenstrauch, Robert
Whitaker, Frederick Thompson, Mini Carson, Ethel Turner, George R.
Andersen, Dr. Thomas Addis, John D. Barry, Rene Battaglini, Louise
Bransten, Harry Braverman, Prof. Harold Chapman Brown, Rabbi
Elliott M. Burstein, Rev. W. Fay Butler, Rev. Don M. Chase, Prof. George
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 359
A. Coe, Prof. Percy E. Davidson, Ernest Dawson, Sadie Roberts Dawson,
Roy Donnelly, Theodore Dreiser, Robert W. Dunn, Rev. A. D. Faupel,
Franklin Folsom, Elizabeth Freeman, Edward G. Gallagher, Leo Gal-
lagher, Kate Crane Gartz, Dr. T. P. Gerson, Annie Riley Hale, Aline
Davis Hays, Dr. B. F. Howard, C. H. Jordan, Prof. Alexander Kaun,
Marie Long Kayser, Rockwell Kent, Albert Maltz, Prof. F. O. Matthies-
sen, Carey Me Williams, Wilbur Needham, Genevieve D. 0 'Neill, Bishop
Edward L. Parsons, Helen K. Pell, Dr. Louis G. Reynolds, Charles Rosen-
thai, Rev. E. P. Ryland, Harold M. Sawyer, Prof. Howard Selsam, Chaim
Shapiro, Herbert Sorrell, Ralph Stackpole, Vilhjalmur Stefansson, Roy
W. Sullivan, Dr. Clinton J. Taft, Jessie L. Terry, Marie Del Welch,
George P. West, Anita Whitney, George Wilson, A. L. Wirin, Dr. Mary
E. Woolley, and Dr. Max Yergan.
Among the members of this strictly Communist committee for the
defense of the two outstanding Communist leaders, William Schneider-
man and Samuel Darcy, were such well-known Communists as Herbert
K. Sorrell, Leo Gallagher, Anita Whitney, Celeste Strack, the late Theo-
dore Dreiser, Carey Me Williams, Ben Margolis, and Ernest Dawson.
In a letter written by the the secretary of the committee dated April
22, 1940, the following paragraph appears :
The Schneiderman-Darcy Defense Committee which includes
such California labor leaders as Henry F. McGrath, Roy Donnelly
and Herb Sorrell, and such prominent individuals as Carey Me Wil-
liams and Theodore Dreiser, is engaged in rallying public opinion
to demand that the federal authorities drop these two cases imme-
diately.
SCREEN WRITERS GUILD
The Hollywood Screen Writers Guild falls within the category of a
Communist dominated organization. The early influence of John Howard
Lawson has left an indelible imprint upon the guild. Emmet Lavery,
while probably not enrolled as a bona fide member of the Communist
Party, has proved himself to be a faithful fellow-traveler and has gone
along at all times with the Communists in the Screen Writers Guild. His
leadership as President of the Guild had little effect upon the Communist
tendencies of the organization. The committee investigating subversive
activities in California has repeatedly observed that the possession of a
Communist Party card is not the only proof of Communist activities.
Emmet Lavery 's record, both in the Screen Writers Guild and in the
Hollywood Writers Mobilization, indicates either a deep sympathy for
the Communist movement or an amazing stupidity which is hardly com-
patible with his background and education.
The Catholic Church has been a formidable bulwark against the
encroachment of atheistic Communism and stands today as probably
the strongest wall of protection against Stalinist aggression. Its prestige
in this field is unchallenged. It is therefore not surprising when men such
as Leo Gallagher, an avowed and registered Communist, and Phillip
Connelly, a fellow-traveler not unequalled by William Z. Foster himself,
continually allege that they are Roman Catholics. The Communists
believe that such deceit will move anti-Communist forces in their dirfcc-
360 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
tion under the guise of ' ' liberalism " or ' ' progressivism. ' ' Emmet Lavery
uses this excuse whenever his fellow-traveling activities are mentioned.
Emmet Lavery has closely associated with outstanding Communists
and Communist fellow-travelers in the Screen Writers Guild and the
Hollywood Writers Mobilization. His apology for, and protection of,
such men as John Howard Lawson, Dalton Trumbo, Albert Maltz, Alvah
Bessie, Samuel Ornitz, Herbert Joseph Biberman, Ring Lardner, Jr.,
and others is only explained by sympathy for what these people stand
for or a child-like stupidity.
In the American Mercury for February, 1940, William Bledsoe, writ-
ing of the Communist invasion of the motion picture field, wrote : " In the
studio labor organization, the comrades had only mixed success. The
painters ' union went over to the side of the Revolution, body and brushes.
Among the talent groups, the Screen Writers Guild * * * the Stalinists
stole the show. * **"
Scattered throughout the reports of the legislative committees
investigation un-American activities in California will be found the
names and Communist records of scores of members of the Screen
Writers Guild. The index to this report will include many. The small,
unorganized group of writers within the guild who believe in the United
States is doing its best to bring the guild over on the side of the United
States and it is to be devoutly hoped that these writers succeed. Success
will be assured when the producers recognize the importance of the fight
these American writers are waging and refuse to hire writers who owe
their first allegiance to Soviet Russia and its dictator.
That the fight is not going so well, in spite of a recent election, is
indicated by the following front page story from the Hollywood
Reporter for December 17, 1947 :
A MOLOTOV AMONG US
The disgraceful proceedings at the Monday night meeting of the
Screen Writers' Guild, during which Dalton Trumbo called Eddie
Mannix a liar, Walter Wanger a betrayer, and Dore S chary a thief,
to resounding applause by a Commie-packed meeting, must end all
conjectures as to the standing of the S. W. G. Never, in the history
of the motion picture business, has there been such a shameful dis-
play. A concise report of the meeting is impossible. Communist-
inspired confusion, the hurling of threats, vilification, the complete
breakdown of parliamentary procedure, chaos and near-riot, would
tax the efforts of even the hardiest police reporter. But a partial
piecing together of the events of the night leads to one inescapable
conclusion : Something Must Be Done About These People ! It Must
Be Done Immediately !
Faced with its greatest crisis, the industry has put aside its
family quarrels and called upon its membership to unite in a single
front against the threat of a constant drop in theatre attendance,
plus a united criticism of the motion picture business by the press
and the public. The livelihood and the futures of 30,000 people are
at stake. The whole picture business is in jeopardy. Even the blindest
• of blind must see this. For his own salvation, each and every member
of the industry has been asked to forget his personal likes and dis-
likes, to forget that he is a member of a left wing group or a right
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 361
wing group, to forget his politics, and unite with his fellow-workers
in an effort to save this business which buys his bread and feeds his
children, and to advance it in the face of a lost foreign market.
From top to bottom the answer has been the same. Producers,
directors, actors, technicians, labor — all have agreed. With But One
Dissenting Vote ! The Writer ! The Molotov of our industry !
Believing from past performances that the S. W. G. intended to
block any attempt at unity, even in the face of the new all-guild
board, the producers appointed Dore Schary as their spokesman.
They asked him to present the industry's case to the S. W. G. and
plead for unity. A former writer, a liberal, a man who has put aside
his own personal convictions in order to follow the will of the major-
ity in an effort to return picture-making to a profitable venture —
this was the man who pleaded with his former constituents in this
time of crisis. The majority refused to listen, in that they refused
his bid.
Analyze the results of this outrageous meeting in any way you
choose and you must arrive at one conclusion : Either the S. W. G.
is still dominated and controlled by a Communist bloc that will
gladly destroy the industry to protect the unholy Ten and their
fellow- travelers since it can't be captured for the Soviets, or the
sentiments expressed at the meeting Monday night are the senti-
ments of the guild majority, whether that be left or right. In
either case the S. W. G. is rotten to the core.
By its vote Monday night, S. W. G. tossed off the efforts now
being made by every other functioning group in our studios — the
actors, the directors, the technicians and labor, together with the
producers — to unify and Make Pictures, Good Pictures, and fight
for the progress of our business, forgetting all political beliefs and
isms, and to get Back To Work to save themselves and their salaries
and save the picture business. But the writers refused. They cheered
the speakers under goverment indictment and hooted those who
spoke for unity.
Either way you look at it, Something Must Be Done About
These People ! It Must Be Done Immediately ! And There Are Sev-
eral Ways Of Doing It.
The reports of the legislative committees investigating Un-American
activities in California cover most of the Communist affiliations and
activities of John Howard Lawson. (See Reports for 1943, 1945 and
1947.) The House Committee on Un-American Activities sets forth a
detailed record of John Howard Lawson in its transcript report for
October 20-30, 1947, at pages 296 to 304, which fully corroborates the
findings of the California committees.
At page 296 of the Congressional Report, Louis J. Russell, an agent
of the Thomas Committee, testified that John Howard Lawson held Com-
munist Party card 47275 and that the address contained on the card
was given as 4542 Coldwater Canyon, Los Angeles.
362 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
John Howard Lawson 's Communist record, as it appears on pages
296 to 304 of the Congressional Report, is as follows :
The files of the House Committee on Un-American Activities
show that —
Rena M. Vale, a former member of the Communist Party and
a screen writer, testified before the Special Committee on Un-Ameri-
can Activities on July 22, 1940, that Mr. Lawson had been identified
to her as a Communist Party member when she met him at a Com-
munist Party fraction meeting. She further testified that Mr. Law-
son during the meeting gave advice on inserting the Communist
Party line into drama. The state legislative committee investigating
un-American activities in California has cited Mr. Lawson as
"one of the most important Marxist strategists in Southern Califor-
nia," in its 1945 report, page 118. The California report notes on the
same page that Rena M. Vale also testified before the state legislative
committee and that the witness identified Lawson as a member of the
Communist Party fraction of the Screen Writers Guild who had
given advice on the Communist Party program in the writing of the
play, Sun Rises in the West. The state legislative committee states
further, in its 1947 report, page 260, that Mr. Lawson directed a
Communist bloc of about 65 members in Local 47, the Hollywood
local of the American Federation of Musicians, A. F. L., between the
years 1937 and 1940.
The Communist Party has been publicly defended by John
Howard Lawson. The Daily Worker, in an article on April 16, 1947,
page 2, and reprinted in the Sunday edition of April 20, 1947, page
8, announced that Mr. Lawson was one of the signers of a statement
opposing any legislative attempts to restrict the activities of the
Communist Party. The organization sponsoring the statement was
the Civil Rights Congress, which the House Committee on Un-Ameri-
can Activities, in a report published September 2, 1947, declared to
be ' ' dedicated not to the broader issues of civil liberties, but specifi-
cally to the defense of individual Communists and the Communist
Party. ' ' The Civil Rights Congress is now defending such persons
as Gerhart Eisler, an agent of the Communist International, con-
victed of passport fraud, and Eugene Dennis, Communist Party gen-
eral secretary, convicted of contempt of Congress. The Civil Rights
Congress is the successor to the International Labor Defense, former
legal arm of the Communist Party, according to former Attorney
General Francis Biddle. John Howard Lawson also came to the
support of the Communist Party on another occasion, according to
the Daily Worker for March 18, 1945, page 2. Mr. Lawson was listed
in this issue as one of the signers of a statement hailing a War
Department order allowing military commissions for Communists.
Sponsor of the statement was the National Federation for Constitu-
tional Liberties, which was cited as a Communist-front organization
by former Attorney General Biddle. Biddle pointed out the organiza-
tion 's defense of such prominent Communist leaders as Sam Darcy
and Robert Wood, party secretaries of Pennsylvania and Oklahoma,
respectively. The organization was also cited as a Communist front
by the Special Committee on Un-American Activities on June 25.
1942, and March 29, 1944.
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 363
John Howard Lawson has given his support to a number of
individual Communists. The People's World, official West Coast
Communist organ, reported on October 22, 1942, page 2, that Mr.
Lawson was backing Mrs. La Rue McCormick, a candidate for the
California State Senate on the Communist Party ticket. Mr. Lawson
was one of the signers of a statement in defense of the Comintern
agent Gerhart Eisler, according to the Daily Worker for February
28, 1947, page 2. The organization sponsoring this statement in
behalf of Eisler was the Civil Rights Congress.
Mr. Lawson was a sponsor of the Schappes Defense Committee,
according to an undated letterhead of the organization. This com-
mittee worked for the release of Morris U. Schappes, an avowed
Communist teacher convicted of perjury in New York City, and the
organization was cited as a Communist front by the Special Com-
mittee on Un-American Activities on March 29, 1944. Mr. Lawson
was also a signer of an open letter which the Schappes Defense
Committee sent to New York Gov. Thomas Dewey in an effort to
have Schappes pardoned. This fact was reported in the New York
Sun, September 27, 1944. Mr. Lawson was a member and sponsor
of the Citizens Committee for Harry Bridges, according to an
organization letterhead dated September 11, 1941. Bridges, who
led the disastrous San Francisco general strike in 1934, was identi-
fied as a Communist Party member by the Daily Worker itself. The
Daily Worker of February 13, 1937, page 2, announced Mr. Lawson
as a signer of a cable sent to the Brazilian Chamber of Deputies on
behalf of Luis Carlos Prestes, former member of the Communist
International Executive Committee and a Brazilian Communist
leader, and on behalf of Arthur Ewert, another Comintern repre-
sentative and a former Communist deputy of the German Reichstag,
both of whom were imprisoned by the Brazilian Government in
connection with an attempted revolt. The cable was sent under
the auspices of the Joint Committee for the Defense of Brazilian
People, which was organized specifically for the defense of Com-
munist Prestes and Ewert.
John Howard Lawson has long been affiliated with the Com-
munist Party's official organ, the Daily Worker. On May 18, 1934,
page 1, the Daily Worker headlined the arrest of its "correspond-
ent ' ' John Howard Lawson for ' ' being present " at a trial of strike
leaders in Birmingham, Ala., and printed a long story by Lawson
on the trial. Lawson 's story eulogized one of the strike leaders whom
he identified as a Communist Party organizer. He reported that the
organizer at one point in the trial told the court in ringing tones
that "The Communist Party is actively participating in strike
struggles and building a powerful trade-union movement * * * in
order to establish a Soviet America as part of the world struggle
of the toiling masses for Communism." This article was the basis
of a libel suit against Lawson, according to the Daily Worker which
appeared later (June 7, 1934, p. 1). This later issue of the Daily
Worker also claimed that the arrest of Lawson in Birmingham had
been aimed at driving the Daily Worker from the South. The Daily
Worker officially listed Mr. Lawson as one of its contributors in
the issue of December 21, 1935, page 3. Mr. Lawson has contributed
364 UN-AMEEICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
articles to the publication as recently as June 1, 1947, page 7. Mr.
Lawson 's support of the publication has also included appeals for
financial aid. In the issue of September 6, 1935, he wrote that he
wished "to add my voice to the appeal of the Daily Worker for a
$60,000 sustaining fund." The same article, appearing on page 5,
refers to the Soviet Union as "the great toiler for peace."
Other Communist publications have also received support from
John Howard Lawson. New Masses is an official Communist weekly
magazine. Mr. Lawson has been listed as a contributing editor in
New Masses issue for October, 1927, page 3 ; December 15, 1936,
page 35 ; January 5, 1937, page 23 ; February 18, 1941, page 30 ;
January 27, 1942, page 24; and April 30, 1946, page 2. The People's
World is an official West Coast Communist paper. According to the
Daily Worker for April 15, 1946, page 11, Mr. Lawson served as
chairman of a meeting held on April 9, 1946, in Los Angeles under
the auspices of the People's World. The Worker reported that in
his speech at the meeting, Mr. Lawson called for an end to fear of
the word ' ' Marx. ' ' A pro-war press conference held in behalf of the
People's World on August 4, 1943, in Los Angeles was endorsed
by Mr. Lawson, according to the issue of the People's World for
July 9, 1943. On June 24, 1944, the People's World reported that
Mr. Lawson had praised the paper. Mainstream is a literary maga-
zine which has been promoted by the Communist press and which
advertises itself in the Daily Worker as a "Marxist literary quar-
terly" (Daily Worker, June 11, 1947, p. 4). Mr. Lawson is listed
as a member of the editorial board of Mainstream, according to the
issue of Political Affairs for November, 1946. The 1947 winter issue
of Mainstream carries an article by Mr. Lawson on page 23. On
June 11, 1947, Mr. Lawson, together with Hanns Eisler, composer
of the Comintern, addressed a meeting sponsored by Maintsream
in New York City, according to a leaflet put out by the publication.
John Howard Lawson has been affiliated with numerous organi-
zations whose principal purpose was the defense of Communists. He
served as treasurer of both the National Committee for Defense
of Political Prisoners and the National Committee for People's
Rights, according to letterheads of these organizations. Attorney
General Francis Biddle (in the Congressional Record, September
24, 1942, p. 7686) stated that the "National Committee for the
Defense of Political Prisoners is substantially equivalent to Inter-
national Labor Defense, legal arm of the Communist Party" and
pointed out that the organization had defended such Communists
as Earl Browder and Angelo Herndon. "In January, 1938," the
Attorney General went on to say, "its (National Committee for the
Defense of Political Prisoners) name was changed to the National
Committee for People's Rights." The Special Committee on Un-
American Activities cited the National Committee for Defense of
Political Prisoners as a Communist front on June 25, 1942, and
March 29, 1944, and cited the National Committee for People's
Rights as a Communist front on the same dates.
The International Labor Defense, in addition to being identi-
fied as the legal arm of the Communist Party by Attorney General
Biddle, has been cited for its Communist character by the Special
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 365
Committee on Un-American Activities, Prof. John Dewey's Com-
mittee for Cultural Freedom, Massachusetts House Committee on
Un-American Activities and the California Committee on Un-Amer-
ican Activities. The official publication of the organization which
defends Communists is called the Labor Defender. John Howard
Lawson was a contributing editor to the Labor Defender, accord-
ing to an issue of the publication for October, 1936, page 3. John
Howard Lawson also served as a sponsor of the Sleepy Lagoon
Defense Committee, which was supported by the International
Labor Defense, according to a letterhead of August 9, 1944. In
addition, the California State Legislative Committee on Un-Amer-
ican Activities has noted that Mr. Lawson was a sponsor of the
Citizens Committee for the Defense of Mexican- American Youth
(1945 report, p. 195). The latter committee was the predecessor of
the Sleepy Lagoon Defense Committee and was avowedly organized
by La Rue McCormick, one-time Communist candidate for the Cali-
fornia State Senate.
John Howard Lawson endorsed legislation sponsored by the
American Committee for Protection of the Foreign Born, according
to the Daily Worker for April 11, 1938, page 5. The committee,
which specializes in defending foreign-born Communists like Ger-
hart Eisler and Harry Bridges, was cited as a Communist front by
the Special Committee on Un-American Activities on June 25, 1942,
and March 29, 1944, and by Prof. John Dewey's Committee for
Cultural Freedom in April, 1940. Mr. Lawson was also a member of
the American Committee for Anti-Nazi German Seamen, according
to a committee letterhead dated January 8, 1939. This organization
was engaged in defending German seamen active in distributing
Communist literature in Germany. New Masses for December 6,
1938, page 20, reports that Mr. Lawson was one of the signers of a
telegram sent to Peru pleading for the release of Communist politi-
cal prisoners in that country.
John Howard Lawson has shown an active interest in the Soviet
Union. The Daily Worker of April 28, 1938, page 4, shows that Mr.
Lawson was a signer of a statement by the American Progressives
Defending the Moscow Trials, which was the usual name affixed to
a series of trials then being held in the Soviet Union for numerous
opponents of dictator Stalin. It has been established that these trials
had for their aim the purging of all political enemies of Josef Stalin
and his political cohorts, although the Communist press portrayed
the subjects of these trials as being counter-revolutionists and col-
laborators with Great Britain in an attempt to overthrow the Soviet
regime by furnishing military information to alleged British espion-
age agents.
The National Council of American-Soviet Friendship was cited
as a Communist front by the Special Committee on Un-American
Activities on March 29, 1944. Mr. Lawson acted as a sponsor of a
reception for Mikhail Kalatozv, Soviet film representative, which
was held in Hollywood on August 22, 1943, under the auspices of
the National Council of American-Soviet Friendship. According to
the Daily Worker for July 5, 1943, page 4, Mr. Lawson also signed
366 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
a statement defending the film, Mission to Moscow, which had been
charged by a number of authorities on the Soviet Union with being
distorted and unreliable. The statement was promoted by the
National Council of American-Soviet Friendship.
Soviet Russia Today was the official monthly publication of
the Friends of the Soviet Union, the predecessor of the National
Council of American-Soviet Friendship. The magazine was cited as
a Communist front by the Special Committee on Un-American
Activities on June 25, 1942, and March 29, 1944. John Howard
Lawson contributed to Soviet Russia Today, according to the issue
of the publication for March, 1935, page 9. The same publication of
September, 1939, page 25, listed Mr. Lawson as one of the signers
of an Open Letter for Closer Cooperation with the Soviet Union.
The publication for November, 1937, page 79, records the name of
Mr. Lawson as one of the signers of a Golden Book of American
Soviet Friendship.
The American Council on Soviet Relations has been cited by
Attorney General Francis Biddle as a Communist front (Congres-
sional Record, September 24, 1942, p. 7688) and has received the
same citation from the Special Committee on Un-American Activ-
ities on March 29, 1942. Prof. John Dewey's Special Committee for
Cultural Freedom in April, 1940, characterized the organization as
under Communist control, influence, or in collaboration with the
Communist Party. One of the signers of an open letter sent to the
president of the American Council on Soviet Relations was John
Howard Lawson, according to an official folder of the council.
Many Communist-front organizations which supported Soviet
foreign policy were backed by John Howard Lawson. The Amer-
ican League Against War and Fascism was active in support of
Soviet foreign policy against the democracies between 1932 and
1937. It has been cited by Attorney General Biddle as an organiza-
tion seeking "to create public sentiment on behalf of a foreign
policy adapted to the interests of the Soviet Union" (Congressional
Record, September 24, 1942). The Special Committee on Un-Amer-
ican Activities has cited this organization as subversive on January
3, 1940, and March 29, 1944. Mr. Lawson was a sponsor of the New
York City Conference Against War and Fascism, which was organ-
ized by the American League Against War and Fascism, according
to the Daily Worker for January 11, 1937, page 2. Mr. Lawson has
also contributed to Fight, the official publication of the American
League Against War and Fascism, according to an issue of Fight
for October, 1934, page 3. The league was dedicated to an openly
treasonable program.
When the Communist line changed in favor of a united front
of the democracies against the Fascist aggressors, the Communists
in America formed a successor to the American League Against
War and Fascism in 1937, known as the American League for Peace
and Democracy. The theatrical subsidiary of the American League
for Peace and Democracy was the Theatre Arts Committee, which
was cited as a Communist front by Prof. John Dewey's Committee
for Cultural Freedom in April, 1940. The Theatre Arts Committee
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 367
was also affiliated with the League of Workers Theatres, a section
of the International Union of the Revolutionary Theatre with head-
quarters in Moscow. John Howard Lawson was a member of the
advisory council of the Theatre Arts Committee, according to an
undated letterhead of the organization.
After the Stalin-Hitler pact was signed in 1939, the Communists
established the American Peace Mobilization, which opposed lend-
lease, aid to Britain, the defense program, and picketed the White
House. It also supported a number of strikes in defense industries.
The organization has been cited as a Communist front by the Attor-
ney General Francis Biddle, by the Special Committee on Un-Amer-
ican Activities, and the California Committee on Un-American
Activities. An official program listed John Howard Lawson as a
sponsor of a meeting held by the American Peace Mobilization in
New York City on Arpil 5 and 6, 1941.
Among the new Communist fronts that sprang up when the
Soviet Union and the United States were allies in a war against
fascism was the Artists' Front to Win the War, which made its
debut at a mass meeting at Carnegie Hall in New York City on
October 16, 1942. The organization was cited as a Communist front
by the Special Committee on Un-American Activities on March 29,
1944. The official program for the mass meeting at Carnegie Hall
listed John Howard Lawson as one of the sponsors. Thus, Mr.
Lawson has publicly avowed his allegiance to the line of the Com-
munist Party during four distinctly divergent periods.
At the Seventh World Congress of the Communist Inter-
national, held in Moscow in 1935, George Dimitroff, general secre-
tary, called upon all affiliated Communist parties to make the great-
est efforts in behalf of the campaign of the Spanish Communists
during Spain's Civil War. A number of projects were organized
by American Communists in response to this request. Among them
were the Medical Bureau and North American Committee to Aid
Spanish Democracy, cited as subversive by the Special Committee
on Un-American Activities on April 21, 1943, and March 29, 1944,
and the American Society for Technical Aid to Spanish Democracy,
cited as a Communist front by the Special Committee on Un-Ameri-
can Activities on March 29, 1944. John Howard Lawson served as
secretary and as a member of the board of directors of the American
Society for Technical Aid to Spanish Democracy, according to the
issues of New Masses for February 16, 1937, page 28 ; January 19,
1937, page 25 ; January 26, 1937, page 32 ; and an organizational
letterhead dated February 19, 1937. Mr. Lawson was one of the
patrons of a benefit performance and dance sponsored by the Man-
hattan chapter of the Medical Bureau to Aid Spanish Democracy,
according to an undated announcement of the dance, held May 22,
1937. On a letterhead dated April 29, 1939, the Medical Bureau
and North American Committee to Aid Spanish Democracy
announced that Mr. Lawson was a member of its theatre-arts com-
mittee.
The American Committee to Save Refugees was part of the
Communist campaign for Spanish Communists and was cited as a
368 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Communist front by the Special Committee on Un-American Activi-
ties on March 29, 1944. The organization provided transportation
and support for international Communist agents like Gerhart
Eisler. John Howard Lawson was the signer of a statement spon-
sored by the American Committee to Save Refugees, according to
an undated leaflet of the organization entitled ' ' For the Rescue of
Refugees. ' '
The Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee likewise is engaged
in providing transportation and suppoit for international Com-
munist agents like Gerhart Eisler. It was cited as a Communist front
by the Special Committee on Un-American Activities on March 29,
1944. It was cited for contempt of Congress on April 16, 1946, and
its leaders were convicted in a federal court on June 27, 1947. John
Howard Lawson was one of the sponsors of a dinner held by the
Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee in New York on October 27,
1943, according to a dinner program.
The League of American Writers was an affiliate of the Inter-
national Union of Revolutionary Writers, with headquarters in
Moscow, and the league was pledged to the defense of the Soviet
Union and the use of 1 1 art as an instrument of the class struggle. ' '
This organization was cited as a Communist front by the Special
Committee on Un-American Activities on January 3, 1940, June
25, 1942, and March 29, 1944. Attorney General Francis Biddle
said that ' ' The overt activities of the League of American Writers
in the last two years leave little doubt of its Communist control"
(Congressional "Record, September 24, 1942, p. 7686). The league
was founded at a Congress of American Revolutionary Writers held
April 26 through 28, 1935, in New York City. The Daily Worker for
January 18, 1935, page 5, reveals that John Howard Lawson was
one of the signers of the call for this Congress of American Revolu-
tionary Writers. The Daily Worker for April 29, 1935, pages 1 and
2, further revealed that Mr. Lawson presented a reading of Tech-
nique in the Drama at this writers7 congress. Mr. Lawson was listed
as a member of the executive committee of the League of American
Writers in the Daily Worker for April 30, 1935, and as vice presi-
dent of the League of American Writers in New Masses for June 17,
1941, page 10, and the Daily Worker for September 14, 1942, page 7.
A statement sponsored by the league in behalf of a second front
was signed by Mr. Lawson according to the Daily Worker for Sep-
tember 14, 1942, page 7. A statement signed by John Howard Law-
son appears on page 67 of a league pamphlet entitled "We Hold
These Truths". Mr. Lawson was a signer of the call to the second
biennial meeting of the League of American Writers, according to
New Masses for May 4, 1937, page 25. Mr. Lawson signed the call
for the third congress, also, according to the magazine, Direction,
for May-June, 1939, page 1. Mr. Lawson signed the call for and
also attended the fourth congress of the league which was held in
New York, June 6 through June 8, 1941, according to New Masses
for June 17, 1941, pages 9-10, and for April 22, 1941, page 25.
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 369
The League of American Writers operated a writers' school at
1717 North Vine Street in Hollywood. The People's World for Feb-
ruary 11, 1943, page 5, listed Mr. Lawson as a lecturer at the
writers' school.
At this same time, the Communists were operating a Los
Angeles Workers' school. Eva Shafran, a Communist organizer,
was the director, and La Rue McCormick, who was a candidate for
California State Senator on the Communist Party ticket, served on
the board of directors. According to official literature of the school,
John Howard Lawson taught at the Los Angeles workers' school
in 1943, 1944, and 1945.
The People's Educational Center in Los Angeles also was
Communist-directed. It was started in the fall of 1943 with a loan
of $1,000 from the writers' school of the League of American
Writers and it received a rather complete Communist library from
the Los Angeles workers' school. The People's Educational Center
has been cited as a Communist-front organization by the Joint Fact-
Finding Committee on Un-American Activities of the California
Legislature and records show that numerous members of the faculty
and staff of the People's Educational Center were card-holding
members of the Communist Party, among them Carl Winters, Eva
Shafran, Mildred Raskin, and Bruce Minton. A booklet announc-
ing the curriculum of the center for the winter of 1947 lists John
Howard Lawson as a member of the board of directors of the Peo-
ple's Educational Center. Also leaflet America's 10th Man lists
John Howard Lawson as a lecturer for a series starting September
26, 1944.
The Hollywood Writers Mobilization was the name given to the
Hollywood League of American Writers after the League of Ameri-
can Writers could no longer conceal its Communist domination. The
original pledge of the League of American Writers to defend the
Soviet Union and to use ' * art as an instrument of the class struggle ' '
is now the basis upon which the policies of the Hollywood Writers
Mobilization are founded. John Howard Lawson is a member of
the editorial board of the Hollywood Quarterly, a publication spon-
sored by the Hollywood Writers Mobilization, according to the 1947
report of the California state legislative committee investigating
un-American activities (p. 107). The Hollywood Citizen News for
January 13, 1947, lists John Howard Lawson as the proposer of a
plan adopted by the Hollywood Writers Mobilization to set up a
committee to investigate any investigators of Communist influence
in the movie industry. Mr. Lawson presented the plan at a meeting
of the mobilization on January 12, 1947, in the El Patio Theater in
Hollywood, the newspaper reported. Mr. Lawson also served on the
general committee in charge of a writers' congress held by the Holly-
wood Writers Mobilization at the University of California at Los
Angeles October 1 through 3, 1943, according to an official program
of the congress.
Book Union, Inc., is a Communist book-of-the-month club,
which was launched at the initiative of International Publishers, a
Communist publishing house. The Book Union was closely associated
25— L-7088-D
370 UN -AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
with the League of American Writers and was cited for Communist
character by the Special Committee on Un-American Activities on
March 29, 1944, and by Prof. John Dewey 's Committee for Cultural
Freedom in April, 1940. John Howard Lawson is listed as a member
of the advisory council of the Book Union in an undated letterhead
of the organization. The letter offered members the book, Soviet
Communism : A New Civilization ?
The American Youth for Democracy is the official successor of
the Young Communist League. It has been the subject of a report
by the House Committee on Un-American Activities which described
its character in detail. Its ' ' sinister purposes ' ' have been denounced
by the director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (Congres-
sional Record, March 24, 1947, p. A1298). John Howard Lawson
is listed as a national sponsor of the American Youth for Democracy
in the organization's publication, the Spotlight, for April, 1944,
page 19.
The New Theatre was the official monthly magazine of the
League of Workers Theatres, a section of the International Union of
Revolutionary Theatres, with headquarters in Moscow. The league
was used to present Communist propaganda plays and to raise funds
for Communist purposes. The magazine was cited as a Communist
front by the Special Committee on Un-American Activities on March
29, 1944. John Howard Lawson contributed to the New Theatre of
June, 1935, page 10, and he is listed as a contributing editor in the
issues for February, 1934, page 3, and November, 1934, page 11.
The New Theatre League was a successor of the League of
Workers Theatres. It was formed in January, 1935, and was cited
for its Communist character by the Special Committee on Un-
American Activities on March 29, 1944, and by Prof. John Dewey 's
Committee for Cultural Freedom in April, 1940. It also presented
Communist propaganda plays and raised funds for Communist
purposes. The New Theatre League published the Theatre Workshop
on which John Howard Lawson served as a contributing editor,
according to an issue of the publication for January, 1937. The
Daily Worker for April 23, 1936, page 5, reported that Mr. Lawson
sent greetings to the biennial national conference of the New Theatre
League in Philadelphia.
The Theatre Union was one of the affiliates of the League of
Workers Theatres, which in turn was tied to the Moscow-directed
International Union of the Revolutionary Theatre. Theatre Union
reflected the current line of the Communist Party in its propaganda
and was used to raise funds for Communist purposes. It produced
plays by such writers for New Masses as George Sklar and Albert
Maltz. A leaflet of the Theatre Union announced that John Howard
Lawson was a member of its advisory board.
Frontier Films were producers and distributors of pro- Com-
munist films, including a film on the Communist-led strike at the
Allis-Chalmers plant in Milwaukee. The organization was headed by
the following contributors to the Communist press: Albert Maltz,
Kyle Crichton, Irving Lerner, Clifford Odets, Edwin Rolfe, and
George Seldes. It was cited as a Communist character by the
Special Committee on Un-American Activities on March 29, 1944,
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 371
and by Professor John Dewey's Committee for Cultural Freedom in
April, 1940. The Daily Worker for April 6, 1937, page 9, shows that
John Howard Lawson was a member of the staff of Frontier Films.
The Hollywood Democratic Committee was the successor of the
Hollywood Anti-Nazi League, which was organized by Isaac
Romaine, alias V. J. Jerome, a member of the Central Committee of
the Communist Party. An official ballot of July 26, 1944, lists John
Howard Lawson as a candidate for the executive board of the Holly-
wood Democratic Committee. The People's World for August 3,
1943, reported that Mr. Lawson enunciated a program of action for
the Hollywood Democratic Committee at a meeting of the committee
in 1943.
The Independent Citizens Committee of the Arts, Sciences and
Professions has been charged with being Communist-dominated by
Harold Ickes and other liberals, who previously had supported it.
It was cited as a Communist front by the House Committee on
Un-American Activities on September 2, 1947. John Howard Law-
son was a member of the board of directors of the Hollywood branch,
according to the 1947 Report of the California Committee on
Un-American Activities, page 297.
The Progressive Citizens of America was founded as a frankly
pro-Communist group as a result of the split in the Independent
Citizens Committee of the Arts, Sciences and Professions after
Harold Ickes and other liberals had condemned the Independent
Citizens Committee as Communist-dominated. The Progressive Citi-
zens of America was cited as a Communist front by the House Com-
mittee on Un-American Activities in a report of June 12, 1947. An
official ballot of February 11, 1947, listed John Howard Lawson as
a candidate for membership on the executive board of the southern
California chapter of the Progressive Citizens of America. An official
pamphlet of the organization also listed Mr. Lawson as a sponsor
of the second state-wide legislative conference of the Progressive
Citizens of America, held on February 15, 1947, in the California
Junior High School, Sacramento, California.
John Howard Lawson has won favor in official Communist
circles on a number of occasions. The Communist Party's official
organ in this country, the Daily Worker, on October 18, 1935, page 5,
lauded Mr. Lawson as one of the persons who have forced the atten-
tion of " bourgeois critics" on a left cultural movement which has
* ' established the revolutionary theater in the top flight of dramatic
art/' The Daily Worker identified the revolutionary theater as one
that " claims * * * that the theater is a weapon in the class
struggle." On June 8, 1947, page 11, the Daily Worker carried a
sympathetic interview of Mr. Lawson by the Daily Worker's film
critic, David Platt. Two of Mr. Lawson 's plays, Marching Song and
Saga Center, were heralded in International Literature, November
6, 1935, page 104. International Literature is the official organ of the
International Union of Revolutionary Writers, which has its head-
quarters in Moscow.
The writings of John Howard Lawson himself have indicated his
closeness to the Communist Party. In an article in New Theater
magazine, November, 1934, page 12, Mr. Lawson bluntly asserts that
372 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
"as for myself, I do not hesitate to say that it is my aim to present
the Communist position, and to do so in the most specific manner. ' '
"This is what I believe to be a correct approach," he writes. His
article was concerned with the technique and approach of play-
wrights.
Mr. Lawson stresses the influence on playwriting by Marx and
Bngels, the founders of the Communist philosophy, in his book
"Theory and Technique of Playwriting," published in New York
in 1936. On pages 45 through 48 he describes the theories of Marx
and Engels as they affect playwriting and challenges criticism which
has been leveled against the theories. "The success of the Russian
Revolution, and the rapid economic and cultural growth of the Soviet
Union, have centered the world 's attention on the theories of Marx, ' '
Mr. Lawson also points out.
The rise of the revolutionary theater is hailed by Mr. Lawson
in an article which appeared in the New Theater magazine for June
1, 1934, pages 6 and 7. Mr. Lawson criticizes Broadway theater pro-
ductions, saying that ' ' Broadway is sick because it represents a sick
bourgeoisie * * *" and predicting that "the reactionary theater
will continue to show signs of decay * * *." He states that the
revolutionary theater is on the threshhold of its vital growth" and
asserts that "creative work draws its whole inspiration and mean-
ing from the vital forces of its period ; in our day, the vital forces at
work are the growing strength of the revolution, the upsurge of a
new class* * * " Mr. Lawson concludes at another that ' ' there is only
one direction in which the drama can move forward ; it must join
the march of the advancing working class ; it must keep pace with
the quickening momentum of the revolution. ' '
The Communist Party line was also advanced in the screen play
which Mr. Lawson wrote for the movie, Blockade, according to the
California Committee on Un-American Activities in its 1945 Report,
page 119.
Emmet Lavery was the President of the Screen Writers' Guild until
December of 1947. The First Vice President was Mary McCall, Jr. The
Second Vice President was Howard Estabrook and the Third Vice Presi-
dent was Hugo Butler. The Secretary was F. Hugh Herbert and the
Treasurer was Harold Buckman. The executive board was composed of
Melville Baker, Harold Buckman, Hugo Butler, James M. Cain, Lester
Cole, Philip Dunne, Howard Estabrook, F. Hugh Herbert, Talbot Jen-
nings, Ring Lardner, Jr., Ranald MacDougall, Mary McCall, Jr., George
Seaton, Leo Townsend. Alternates are listed as Maurice Rapf, Gordon
Kahn, Isobel Lennart, Valentine Davies, Henry Myers, David Hertz.
The assistant secretary was Alice Penneman and Morris E. Cohn is listed
as counsel.
The Screen Writer is the official publication of the Screen Writers '
Guild. Gordon Kahn is listed as the editor in the June, 1947, issue.
Robert Shaw is the director of publication and Art Arthur, Martin Field,
Richard G. Hubler, Isobel Lennart, Bernard C. Schoenfeld, Sidney
Boehm, Harris Gable, Lester Koenig, Ranald MacDougall, Theodore
Strauss, and Herbert Clyde Lewis compose the editorial committee.
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 373
Running throughout the issue of the Screen Writer are favorable
references to the Communist Party School of Los Angeles, the People's
Educational Center. In the issue for June, 1947, is found the following
(page 41) :
"The People's Educational Center series of film showings,
Realism in the American Film, concludes with the following show-
ings : June 6th, A Man to Remember • June 13th, Of Mice and Men ;
June 20th, Native Land. All showings are at 8.15 at the Screen Car-
toonists Hall."
From the July, 1947, issue of the Screen Writer:
"The People's Educational Center begins its Summer Term the
week of July 14th, 1947. The Friday Night Film Series at the Screen
Cartoonists Hall will continue. The title of the series is Film Por-
traits : Of Countries and Their People. The aim of the series is to
show the reflection of the customs and habits of different countries
in the treatment of real or fictitious characters. Among the pictures
lined up are Abraham Lincoln, Passion of Joan of Arc, The Mar-
seillaise, Youth of Maxim, Carnival in Flanders, and others. The
writing courses include Screen I, given by Hal Smith; Screen II,
Carl Foreman; and Screen III, Gordon Kahn. Eadio Writing
Comedy is a guest lecture course with Jack Robinson and Frederick
Jackson Stanley. Other writing courses are Creative Writing, Basic
Journalism, Modern Novel, Mystery Story and Publicity and Public
Relations.
"Special courses include How To Read A Book, a literary
appreciation course given by Alvah Bessie; Modern Architecture
and Community Planning Today ; Art Appreciation and The Theatre
and Its History. Registration for all classes begins June 30th and a
full descriptive catalogue of all courses may be obtained by writing
or phoning the People's Educational Center, 1717 North Vine St.,
Hollywood 6291."
The same issue plugs the Hollywood Quarterly, published by the
University of California Press under the joint sponsorship of the Uni-
versity and the Communist Hollywood Writers' Mobilization. (See pre-
vious committee reports.)
From the August, 1947 issue of the Screen Writer:
"Under the chairmanship of Herbert Biberman, Edward Dmy-
tryk, Fritz Lang, Kenneth MacGowan and Dudley Nichols, Ameri-
can Gallery Films and the People's Educational Center are present-
ing a series of film portraits of different countries and their people.
* * * Admission will be by membership subscription and informa-
tion can be obtained by calling HOllywood 6291."
The September, 1947 issue of the Screen Writer again plugs John
Howard Lawson's prize project in conjunction with the University of
California, the Hollywood Quarterly. Irving Pichel, Franklin Fearing,
Philip Dunne, and Gilbert Seldes are alleged to be contributors to the
summer issue of the Hollywood Quarterly.
From the October, 1947 issue of the Screen Writer:
"The People's Educational Center's Fall Term begins the week
of October 6th with a full schedule of evening classes for adults.
374 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
The Motion Picture Direction Course continues with Frank Tuttle
as coordinator. Participating guest lecturers include Herbert Biber-
man, Edward Dmytryk, David Raskin, Selena Royal, Adrian Scott,
Vincent Sherman and others. Screenwriting courses will be taught
by Howard Dimsdale, Bernard Gordon and Sam Mintz. Guy Endore
and John Sanford continue their advanced workshop course in the
novel, Wilma Shore teaches Advanced Short Story, and a number
of motion picture publicists will collaborate in the course, Publicity
and Public Relations. ' '
Emmet Lavery, Jay Richard Kennedy, Sumner Lyon, T. E. B.
Clarke, Garrett Graham, Sheridan Gibney, Gordon Kahn, I. A. L. Dia-
mond, Jean Renoir, Meyer Levin, Harry Bernstein, Raymond Chandler,
Stephen Longstreet, Adrian Scott, Frank Scully, Lester Koenig, Alfred
Palca, Judith Podselver, George Seaton, Richard G. Hubler, F. Hugh
Herbert, Noel Meadow, and Morris E. Cohn are some of the writers con-
tributing material to the Screen Writer during 1947.
SECOND STATE-WIDE EMERGENCY LEGISLATIVE CONFERENCE
See the committee's 1947 Report.
SLAVIC COUNCIL OF LOS ANGELES
This Communist front follows the current Communist Party line in
propagandizing to keep America weak and to build the prestige of the
Soviet Union and its Slavic satellites.
In a printed call for a conference of the Slavic Council of Los Ange-
les for Sunday, March 7, 1948 at the Park Manor, 607 South Western
Avenue, in the City of Los Angeles, the Communist Party line is clearly
indicated. The pamphlet reads, in part, as follows:
* * * The Slavic people are energetically reestablishing their
economy, to more quickly raise their standard of living. Over twenty
million people of Czechoslovakia, Soviet Union, Poland, Jugoslavia,
and Bulgaria sacrificed their lives to defeat our common enemy,
fascism. This great price, paid by the Slavic peoples to defeat Hitler
and his kind, saved the lives of many of our American boys, spared
our homes, factories and cities. In spite of this, the record shows that
the American foreign policy discriminates against our heroic war-
time Allies, by sabotaging their recovery efforts, through the denial
of credit, and is rebuilding the aggressor nation guilty of a colossal
crime against humanity.
Resorting to unilateral action, by a Doctrine which divides
Europe into two blocs and a Plan which discriminates against the
Slavic people, is by-passing the United Nations Security Council, to
the decisions of which we pledge adherence and which has the means
to solve such problems.
The Authorized Representatives of the Slavic Groups are George V.
Borz, Frank Petrovich, Dimitri Popoff, Alex M. Alexeev, Norman Stef-
anec, and Casimir T. Nowacki.
Zlatko Balokovic, of the American Slav Congress, appears to be the
star of the occasion at the Park Manor.
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 375
SLEEPY LAGOON DEFENSE COMMITTEE
The committee has reported on this Communist front organization
in previous reports.
It was formerly known as the Citizens ' Committee for the Defense of
Mexican- American Youth. The organization is one of the off-shoots of
International Labor Defense and was utilized to agitate among Mexican
youth in Los Angeles County and, of course, for the further purpose of
collecting funds for the Communist Party.
The headquarters for the Sleepy Lagoon Defense Committee were
located in Room 302 at 129 West Second Street, Los Angeles, and the
telephone number was MUtual 4964. Carey Me Williams is listed as
national chairman; Harry Braverman, as state chairman; and Alice
Greenfield, as executive secretary.
Among the sponsors of this Communist front are Fay Allen, Char-
lotta A. Bass, Gray Bemis, Harry Bridges, Gertrude Howe Britton,
John Bright, Josefina Fierro de Bright, Rev. M. A. Canseco, Revels Cay-
ton, Minnabell Cline, John Cohee, John M. Coffee, Dorothy Comingore,
Philip M. Connelly, Frank Corona, Joseph Gotten, John Warren Day,
Dr. Frank Davis, Albert Deutsch, Oscar Fuss, Herbert Ganahl, Jaime
Gonzales, Luis Diaz Flores, Augustus F. Hawkins, Martin Hourihan,
Rita Hayworth, Dr. Harry Hoijer, John Howard Lawson, Canada Lee,
Vito Marcantonio, F. 0. Matthiessen, Jerome Posner, Gabriel Navarro,
Michael Quill, J. David Orozco, Mrs. Will Rogers, Jr., Rev. Clayton D.
Russell, R. Lai Singh, Dr. Camilo Servin, Albee Slade, Ferdinand C.
Smith, Herbert K. Sorrell, Dalton Trumbo, and Orson Welles.
SOCIAL WORK TODAY
This Communist periodical is published at 112 E. 19th Street, New
York City. The editorial board is composed of Frank Bancroft, managing
editor ; Ben Goldman, chairman ; Jeanette Axelrode ; Katherine Barbour ;
Maurice Bernstein; James Bronner; Samuel Dallob; John Dillcourt;
John Dula; Lester Granger; Samuel Hodess; Philip Klein; Harold
Lund ; Callman Rawley ; Bertha Reynolds ; John Skinner ; and George
Wolfe.
The business board is composed of Lawrence Kammet, business
manager; Michael Nisselson, chairman; Clinton Areson; Moses W.
Beckelman; Louis Berdansky; Freda Berman; Myron B. Blanchard;
Beverly Diamond; Ethel Epstein; Pauline Hurwitz; Helene Moore;
Maxwell J. Papurt ; Sara Lee Persky ; Louis Sobel ; and Berkeley Tobey.
Cooperators-sponsors are listed as follows : Mary Van Kleeck, chair-
man ; Helen Buttenwieser ; Grace L. Coyle ; Abraham Flaxer ; Alvin R.
Guyler; Marion Hathway; T. Arnold Hill; Sidney Hollander; Stanley
M Isaacs; Clara A. Kaiser; Philip Klein; Morris Lewis; Harold H.
Lund; Harry L. Lurie; Wayne McMillen ; Lewis Merrill; Ellen C.^Pot-
ter • Bertha C Reynolds ; Joseph J. Schwartz ; Mary K. Simkhovitch ;
John Slawson; Dorothy Wysor Smith; and Forrester B. Washington.
(Social Work Today, February, 1939.)
The issue of Social Work Today for January, 1941, lists the follow-
ing as California "Cooperators": Robert Beasley, Joseph Bonaparte,
Louis Booth, R. W. Borough, Margaret Bussio, Bernice G. Copland,
Melvyn Douglas, Erma Eckstein, Anita Eldridge, Charlotte Harnisn,
376 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Helen Jacobi, Teresa F. Jaffe, John Jeffery, Arlien Johnson, Katherine
Kinsey, Samuel C. Kohs, John Lindberg, Virginia Lindberg, Bertha C.
Lovell, Carey Me Williams, Homer Mills, Freda Mohr, Charles Schermer-
horn, Max Silverstein, Wanda Simpson, Nathan Sloate, Dorothy Wyser
Smith, Maurice P. Smith, Miriam Solomon, Mabel Stack, Lucy Ward
Stebbins, Rosabelle Tobriner, Wilma van Dusseldorp, Irma Weill, Emily
M. Wooley, and Daisy Lee Worcester.
SOCIETY FOR TECHNICAL AID TO SOVIET RUSSIA
This organization was directly controlled by the Soviet Government.
The Toiler, Communist publication, announced in its issue of January 7,
1922, that:
"The Supreme Council of National Economy of Soviet Russia,
which is the department of industry of the Russian Republic, has
appointed as its representative in the United States, Mr. A. A. Heller,
formerly Director of the Commercial Department of the Russian
Soviet Government Bureau in New York. * * *
« * * * The representative of the Supreme Council of National
Economy in the United States will work through the Society for
Technical Aid to Soviet Russia, in the United States and Canada,
affiliated with the Friends of Soviet Russia, Room 303, 110 West 40th
Street * * *."
( The Toiler was the first Communist newspaper in the United States.
It was succeeded by the Daily Worker, published at Communist Party
Headquarters in New York City. )
SPANISH REFUGEE APPEAL
See Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee.
The Chairman of the Spanish Refugee Appeal of the Joint Anti-
Fascist Refugee Committee is Dr. Edward K. Barsky. Dr. Barsky was
formerly Chairman of the Medical Bureau and North American Commit-
tee to Aid Spanish Democracy.
Helen R. Bryan is the Executive Secretary of the Spanish Refugee
Appeal. She is also Treasurer of the American People's Fund, of which
fund Frederick Vanderbilt Field is chairman. The American People's
Fund was organized by Field as a repository for funds to be distributed
to Communist Party enterprises.
Pablo Picasso, French artist, who recently announced his member-
ship in the Communist Party, is an honorary Chairman of the Spanish
Refugee Appeal. Dorothy Parker (Rothschild) is acting chairman. Pro-
fessor Lyman R. Bradley is treasurer.
In the list of National sponsors of the Spanish Refugee Appeal of
the Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee there are over 50 Commu-
nists and Communist- sympathizers.
STATE-WIDE LEGISLATIVE CONFERENCE
See the committee's 1947 Report, pages 240 to 242, inclusive. George
F. Irvine of San Francisco and Reuben W. Borough of Los Angeles are
the two veteran Communist fellow-travelers who co-head this front.
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 377
STATEMENT DEFENDING THE COMMUNIST PARTY
The Daily Worker, official organ of the Communist Party of the
United States, featured a full page statement in defense of the Commu-
nist Party on March 5, 1941. The statement came during the Stalin-Hitler
Pact when the Communist front, American Peace Mobilization, was at
the height of its activities. The signers of the Statement Defending the
Communist Party included the following individuals : Dr. Thomas Addis,
Rabbi Michael Alper, Franz Boas, Leonard B. Boudin, Paul F. Brissen-
den, Prof. Harold Chapman Brown, George Bishop, Rev. W. Fay Butler,
Mary Campbell, Don M. Chase, Countee Cullen, Prof. George A. Coe,
C. Leslie Collins, Dorothy J. Collins, Aaron Copland, "Willis K. Crosby,
H. W. L. Dana, Henry Pratt Fairchild, Frederick V. Field, Prof. H. H.
Fisher, John Gabrielson, Donald F. Gaylord, Aubrey Grossman, Ralph
H. Gundlach, Dorothy Handy, Ernest R. Hilgard, Dashiell Hammett,
Rev. Allen A. Heist, Rev. P. M. Hammond, Pearl M. Hart, Abraham J.
Isserman, Prof. Alain Locke, Robert Morss Lovett, Prof. William M.
Malisoff, Albert Maltz, Alexander Kahn, Frances Kent, Max Lerner,
Theodore Dreiser, Rockwell Kent, Corliss Lamont, Tom Mooney, Olive
Lynn, Jack Lord, Meridel LeSueur, Vito Marcantonio, Lewis Merrill,
James E. Murray, Jerry O'Connell, Elliot Paul, Prof. Walter Rauten-
strauch, Reid Robinson, George Seldes, Herman Shumlin, Donald Ogden
Stewart, Channing H. Tobias, Morris Watson, Ella Winter, Charles
Erskine Scott Wood, John Woodruff, Richard Wright, and Art Young.
STUDENT ADVOCATE
Published by the Communist front American Student Union at 112
East 19th Street, New York City. Editorial staff was composed of James
W. Wechsler, Joseph P. Lash, Bruce Bliven, Jr., Robert G. Spivack, Budd
W. Shulberg, and Ben Shangold. The art staff was composed of Ad Rein-
hardt, Conde Hughes and Joseph Low. Elizabeth Weldt, Lewis Cohen
and John Cripps were listed as correspondents. Aaron T. Gerber, Robert
Rice, Arthur Wachtel and Vincent Murray made up the business staff.
STUDENT REVIEW
Published by the Communist National Student League at 31 East
27th Street, New York City. Editors were Adam Lapin and Theodore
Draper. Assistant editors were David Clark, Charles Hatchard, Hildy
Redyn and Jack Goodman. The editorial board consisted of Robert E.
White and James A. Wechsler. Business manager was Bessie Catacktill.
THEATRE ARTS COMMITTEE
Letterheads of this organization state that this organization was
formerly the Theatre Committee to Aid Spanish Democracy and it was
affiliated with the American League for Peace and Democracy, Medical
Bureau and North America Committee to Aid Spanish Democracy.
The executive board of the Theatre Arts Committee included Hester
Sondergaard, Lionel Berman, Tom Cobb, Hanns Eisler, Frances Farmer,
Jules Garfield, Lillian Hellman, Rex Ingram, Philip Loeb, Robert Reed,
Herman Shumlin, Mrs. Donald Ogden Stewart, Paul Strand, and Mar-
tin Wolfson.
378 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Among others connected with the Theatre Arts Committee are the
following: Constance Cummings, Hanns Fisher, Fred Keating, Jane
Dudley, Remo Bufano, Howard Bay, Marc Blitzstein, Morris Carnovsky,
Paul Draper, Francis B. Faragoh, Mordecai Gorelik, Arthur Kober, John
Howard Lawson, Meyer Levin, John Martin, John Murray, Dudley
Nichols, Arthur Pollock, George Sklar, Anna Sokolow, Donald Ogden
Stewart, Frank Tuttle, Kurt Weill, Orson Welles, Zelda Dorfman, Ber-
nard J. Eeis, and Harry Sacher.
UNITED NEGRO AND ALLIED VETERANS OF AMERICA
This Communist front was organized in Harlem, New York, Jan-
uary 8, 1946 at a joint meeting of 300 veterans. The meeting was held
in the Y.M.C.A., and was sponsored by the United Veterans for Equality,
a provisional committee which included Hugh Mulzac, Sy Oliver, "Walter
Bernstein, Millard Lampell, Gilbert Sherman, Ray Robinson, Len Zin-
berg, and Ben Buroki.
The first commander of the group (which claims a membership of
approximately 10,000 in 31 states) was Kenneth Kennedy. Walter Gar-
land is the present commander.
The organization was sponsored by Charlotta Bass, Augustus Haw-
kins, Fritz Lang, Albert Maltz, Carlton Moss, Sy Oliver, Ray Robinson,
Norman Smith, Michael Uris, Bette Davis, Robert W. Kenny, Paul Hen-
reid, and others.
Lou Heit is a member of the educational committee of the United
Negro and Allied Veterans of America in California. Bob Rondstadt is
the California state organizer among the Mexican population. Ruth
Johnson is the chairman of the California auxiliary.
The first national convention of United Negro and Allied Veterans
of America was held May 30 to June 2, 1947 at the Fraternal Club
House, the International Workers Order Center, located at 110 West
48th Street in the City of New York. It was reported that 400 delegates
attended from 31 states. The following officers were elected at this con-
vention: George Murphy, Jr., commander; Walter Garland, adjutant;
Burton Jackson, executive officer ; John Killanes, finance officer ; Thomas
Jones, advocate; and Katherine Godfrey, Howard Johnson, Charles
Shorton, Aaron Williams, Katherine Overton, Dolphin Thompson, and
Edward Ateman, vice commanders; and James Fritzbutler and Lester
Davies, committeemen.
The United Negro and Allied Veterans of America adopted its
present name at a Chicago convention in April of 1946.
Veterans Against Discrimination is a section of the Civil Rights
Congress.
Wives was organized in New York City in November, 1945. In
January, 1946, the name was changed to Veterans and Wives, Inc.
During the war this Communist front was known as Wives and Sweet-
hearts of Servicemen and Sweethearts of Servicemen. The organization
has followed the Communist Party line in agitating for the withdrawal
of American troops from China ; breaking off diplomatic relations with
Franco 's Spain, and is opposing anti-Sovietism. Naomi Nash and Larry
Johnson cochairman the Veterans and Wives, Inc,
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 379
American Youth for Democracy probably organized the first sub-
sidiary Communist group for propagandization purposes among vet-
erans. This organization also was known as Sweethearts of Servicemen.
UNITED PUBLIC WORKERS OF AMERICA, C.I.O.
This organization is purely a Communist-front group and is not
a labor union in any sense of the word. It was organized to promote
the ideology and the goal of Communism in the United States.
The United Public Workers of America, C.I.O., is the result of a
merger of the Communist State, County, and Municipal Workers of
America, C.I.O., and the United Federal Workers, C.I.O.
The Yorty Committee reported at some length on the Communist
character of the State, County, and Municipal Workers of America,
C.I.O. The legislative committees investigating un-American activities
in California have made rather lengthy reports on this Communist organ-
ization in its 1943, 1945 and 1947 reports.
The State, County, and Municipal Workers of America, C.I.O.,
was founded in 1937, under the leadership of notorious Communists and
Communist fellow-travelers. The Civil Service Forum, a recognized pub-
lication in this field, referred to the State, County and Municipal
Workers of America, C.I.O., as "the fifth column in civil service. "
When the Communist Teachers' Union of New York was thrown
out of the American Federation of Labor, it affiliated with the State,
County, and Municipal Workers of America, C.I.O. The organization
has meticulously followed the torturous Communist Party line since its
inception. It worked openly with the Communist American Peace Mobi-
lization and boasted of sending 150 delegates to the Chicago Peace
Mobilization in 1940. When Russia was attacked by Germany, however,
the State, County, and Municipal Workers of America, of course, fol-
lowed the Communist Party in its back somersault.
The United Federal Workers, C.I.O., was organized in 1937 as the
outgrowth of a Communist-led split in the American Federation of
Government Employees, A.F.L. The United Federal Workers closely
followed the Communist Party line in every respect. As soon as the Nazis
and the Soviets signed the pact for the division of the spoils of war,
the United Federal Workers, in concert with other Communist groups,
opposed American participation in the war and demanded an embargo
on all shipments of arms to the nations that were to become allies of
the United States. Communist-led strikes in vital defense industries
received the full support of this organization. Like all other Communist
front organizations, the United Federal Workers came to the defense
of Earl Browder, then national secretary-general of the Communist
Party, and in a federal penitentiary under conviction for a felony.
The organization defended all subversive federal employees who were
dismissed for their activities. After June 22, 1941, when the Germans
invaded the Soviet Union, the United Federal Workers joined with
other Communist inspired groups for all-out aid to the allies, partic-
ularly Soviet Russia,
380 UN- AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Congressman Fred E. Busbey, of Illinois, characterized the United
Federal Workers as follows :
Although the United Federal Workers of America claims that
it is a bona fide union seeking to advance the interests of federal
workers, it is actually an organization which has as its primary
purpose the advancement of the policies in organizations supported
by the Communist Party.
This characterization by Congressman Fred E. Busbey may be
applied to all Communist-front organizations.
In April of 1946 the United Federal Workers and the State,
County, and Municipal Workers met concurrently in Atlantic City. On
April 23d the two organizations voted to merge into a new union, and
on the following day the first joint meeting was held under the. vigilant
eyes of the Communist Party. The result was the United Public Workers
of America. Abram Flaxer, formerly president of the State, County,
and Municipal Workers of America, became the president of the United
Public Workers of America.
One of the first acts of the new organization was the adoption of
a resolution called up by Flaxer which denounced the United States
and called for an abject surrender to the interests of the Soviet Union.
The resolution called for the immediate withdrawal of all United States
armed forces from all countries. The effort of a handful of patriotic
delegates to modify the resolution by demanding the withdrawal of
Soviet troops as well as American and British forces was beaten down
by the Communist controlled convention.
Nearly every leader and officer of the United Public Workers has
a long Communist record. The principal officers are Abram Flaxer,
president; Eleanor Nelson, secretary-treasurer; and Robert Weinstein,
director of organization.
Abram Flaxer was born in Vilna, Russia, September 12, 1904. He
has been in the Communist movement for more than a decade. According
to the Congressional Special Committee on Un-American Activities,
Flaxer 's allegiance to the Communist Party ' ' is indisputably established
by his presence at closed meetings of the party, by the statements of
those who have been closely associated with him in the labor movement,
by his complete loyalty to the party line throughout its various changes,
by his defense of Communists and Communist fronts."
Flaxer has been affiliated with the New York local of the American
Federation of Government Employees, A. F. L. In 1936 he joined the
Communist Worker's Alliance of America in a request for a parade
permit. The Young Communist League endorsed this project. Flaxer
called for " collective security" before the signing of the Stalin-Hitler
Pact. He did the usual Communist flip-flop as soon as Germany and the
Soviet Union got together for the conquest of Europe. He opposed aid to
Great Britain, France, and the United States' participation in the war.
He supported strikes in critical defense industries throughout the United
States. He was a prominent leader in the Communist front, American
Peace Mobilization which carried on a frenzied agitation against con-
scription, lend lease, convoying British ships, and other activities vital
to the security of the Nation,
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 381
When Germany invaded Russia, Flaxer wheeled with the Communist
Party and, marching backward with them, called for active participation
in the ' ' struggle that the Red Army, the people of the Soviet Union, are
conducting. ' '
When the war ended, Flaxer and his organization again goose-
stepped with the Communist Party and demanded American withdrawals
from Europe and China, appeasement of the Soviet Union and the general
Communist Party policy for the United States. He now charges that the
United States is engaged in an imperialist policy and is ' l war-mongering ' '
against the holy fatherland, Soviet Russia.
Flaxer has been affiliated with the following Communist organiza-
tions : Committee on Election Rights, Prestes Defense Committee, Schap-
pes Defense Committee, Joint Committee for Trade-Union Rights,
Committee for Defense of Public Education, Reichstag Fire Trial Anni-
versary Committee, Open Letter Defending Harry Bridges, National
Federation for Constitutional Liberties, American Committee for Pro-
tection of Foreign Born, American Committee to Save Refugees, United
American Spanish Aid Committee, Nonpartisan Committee for the
Reelection of Congressman Vito Marcantonio, National Negro Congress,
Social Work Today, Public Use of Arts Committee, and National Council
of American-Soviet Friendship.
The Communist United Public Workers of America spearheads the
agitation against loyalty checks for subversive employees in governmental
service. This attitude is in sharp contrast to the position taken by the
legitimate government unions, which have gone on record as unequivo-
cally supporting the removal of Communists and other disloyal elements
from the government service. As a matter of fact, some of these unions
have even urged a strengthening of the loyalty procedure in the secure
knowledge that their membership is safe from traitorous sentiments and
affiliations. The United Public Workers of American camouflages its
defense of its Communist character and members by charging that the
government is "union busting," indulging in "race prejudice," and,
generally, violating ' ' civil rights. ' '
James B. Burns, president of the American Federation of Govern-
ment Employees — A. F. L., exposes the real reason behind the United
Public Workers of America campaign against loyalty checks, in the fol-
lowing statement :
Government employees whose interests are fundamentally
American need have no fear of any investigative effort growing out
of this program. Their record is one of achievement in service and
the organizations to which they belong are devoted to upholding our
national character. On the other hand, government employees who
are members of organizations or groups that carry out the dictates
of foreign purveyors of disunity have every reason to worry. They
fear the truth. It is well nigh impossible for them to hide their
affiliation with groups which work only in the shadows against the
very fundamentals of our democracy. It will be impossible for them
to continue the pretext of being loyal government employees.
382 UN- AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Local 558 of the A. F. L. Social Workers, contrary to the American
stand of its International President, apparently have joined the Commu-
nists in their fight for the protection of subversive elements in govern-
ment. A bulletin published by this group, the Social Worker, protests the
action of the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors in demanding a
loyalty check of all county employees. In a joint statement on a mimeo-
graphed leaflet under the title "County Employees Need More Cash, Not
Loyalty Checks!" issued by Local 558 of the State, County, and Munici-
pal Employees, A. F. L., and the United Public Works — C. I. 0., mem-
bers of these organizations are advised to refuse to sign ' ' The document
questioning your support of, or membership in, any organization. ' ' The
leaflet reads, in part, as follows :
If any supervisor or department head violates the right of
county employees who do not wish to sign the organization affidavit,
report the matter to our union. We will represent through our
regular grievance procedure any county employees who are being
illegally pressured or compelled to comply with the county's
"request."
The Social Worker, bulletin of the State, County, and Municipal
Employees, Local 558, A. F. L. is edited by R. DeMaestri. Associates are
listed as Nina Indman and Arlene Sibert.
Thus the traiterous Communist elements in government employ defy
the elected representatives of the people while they work for the destruc-
tion of the government they purport to serve.
UNITED SPANISH AID COMMITTEE
This organization preceded the Communist front, the Joint Anti-
Fascist Refugee Committee. The sponsors of the Hollywood branch of
United Spanish Aid Committee included Prof. Frank C. Davis, Ellis E.
Patterson, Judge Stanley Moffat, Carey Me Williams, John Garfield,
Dorothy Parker, Herbert K. Sorrell, Irving Pichel, Dr. F. L. Pottenger,
Herman Shumlin, Frank Tuttle, and John Wexley.
The purpose of this Communist front, of course, was to furnish aid
to the Communists who took part in the Spanish civil war.
VETERANS OF THE ABRAHAM LINCOLN BRIGADE
(See Abraham Lincoln Brigade and Friends of the Abraham Lincoln
Brigade.)
Benjamin Richman was subpenaed and testified before the com-
mittee's Los Angeles hearing February 18, 1948. He refused to answer
when asked if he was a member of the Communist Party but admitted
that he was a member of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade. He had gone to
Spain and fought with the Communists in the civil war in that country.
He had spent some time in Russia. He stated that he was a law student.
At one time he was employed as the manager of the Amalgamated Travel
Service in Paris. He testified that he had lived in nearly every city on the
continent of Europe. He admitted that he was a member of the Commu-
nist fraternal organization, the International Workers Order.
He is a Communist.
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 383
VOKS
See the All-Union Society for Cultural Relations with Foreigners.
WESTERN COUNCIL FOR PROGRESSIVE LABOR IN AGRICULTURE
This Communist front came into existence in April of 1946. The
offices are located at 2063 Grace Avenue in Hollywood. Frank Scully
is the chairman and John Barnes the secretary. Raymond Ridle is the
treasurer. The directors are Hartley Crum, S. K. Bennett, Emil Corwin,
Willis Hill, and Frank Pellet.
Among the sponsors are Oscar Pattiz, Charles Brown, Peter Kahn,
Jr., J. M. Alkow, and Robert Opperman. This front cooperates with the
American Communications Association, Retail Clerks' Union, Interna-
tional Ladies Garment Workers' Union, Farmer-Labor-Consumers'
Association, Southland Jewish Organization, and the Berkeley Chapter
of the American Veterans ' Committee.
WINNER
Publication of American Youth Congress edited by Barry Wood,
the Communist Party name for Jeff Kibre.
WORKER'S ALLIANCE OF AMERICA
This organization has been discussed at length in previous com-
mittee reports.
Former Attorney General Biddle, in his decision ordering the
deportation of Harry Bridges, made the following statement concern-
ing the Worker 's Alliance :
The (Communist) Party took control of the Worker's Alliance
as a medium through which to organize the unemployed, "To
develop widespread militant mass struggles," and "to build the
revolution ' ' through association in "a militant class conscious
unemployed organization. ' '
The Worker 's Alliance of America was formed through a merger of
three larger groups which had been working for some years among the
unemployed. These three groups were the Worker's Alliance, National
Unemployed League, and the National Unemployment Councils. During
its five years of active operation, the Worker's Alliance of America was
headed by David Lasser with Herbert Benjamin as national secretary-
treasurer. Benjamin has been one of the top leaders of the Communist
Party for many years, having served on the party 's national committee.
The National Unemployed Leagues were under the leadership of
Arnold Johnson, who had openly supported the Communist Interna-
tional.
Among those who were affiliated with the Worker's Alliance of
America are the following : Alexander Noral, Harold Brockway, Oscar
Fuss, Charles Baxter, Herman Brown, Carroll Burke, J. M. Cheyney,
Paul George, E. C. Greenfield, Charles Howard, Amos Murphy, Mildred
Ward, Frankie Duty, Willis Morgan, Brendan Sexton, and Sam Wise-
man.
384 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
On March 7, 1940, a mass demonstration of the Worker's Alliance
of America was held before the Hollywood District State Relief Admin-
istration headquarters at 245 South Western Avenue, in Los Angeles.
Herbert K. Sorrell, as a representative of the Hollywood Motion Picture
Democratic Committee, spoke at this demonstration with Communist
La Rue McCormick; Emil Freed, chairman of the fifteenth Congres-
sional District Branch of the Communist Party ; Joe Wilson, an employee
of the Communist People's Daily World; Dorothy Ray (now Dorothy
Healy, organizing secretary for the Communist Party of Los Angeles
County) ; and Frank Scully.
The Hollywood Chapter of the Worker's Alliance of America was
the result of this mass demonstration.
WORKERS EX-SERVICE MEN'S LEAGUE
The Communist International organized the first Communist front
for veterans in Geneva on May 1, 1920. It was called the Internationale
Des Anciens Combattants (International Association of War Veterans).
Henri Barbusse, was chairman, and Hugo Graef , was secretary. Bar-
busse was a self avowed Communist and stated that he was "proud of
it." Graef was a former member of the Reichstag, representing the
Communist Party of Germany. From the beginning the Internationale
Des Anciens Combattants was in vigorous opposition to the Federation
Internationale Des Anciens Combattants, affiliated with the American
Legion.
The Sixth World Congress of the Communist International passed
the following resolution :
Special attention must be paid to organizing the soldiers for
the protection of their interests, in alliance with the revolutionary
proletariat, prior to their being called up for service (recruits'
league, mutual aid clubs), during the period of military service
(soldiers' councils) and also after the conclusion of military service
(revolutionary ex-servicemen's leagues) * * * If an immediate
revolutionary situation prevails, and if the industrial proletariat
is beginning to establish Soviets, the slogan: "Establish soldiers'
councils" assumes immediate practical importance and facilitates
the work of uniting the masses of the soldiers with the proletariat
and the poor peasantry in their struggle for power (International
Press Correspondence, Volume 8, number 84, November -28, 1928,
page 1594).
The Internationale Des Anciens Combattants, under the leader-
ship of Henri Barbusse, initiated the call for a World Congress Against
War, which was held in Amsterdam in August of 1932.
The Workers Ex-Servicemen's League was the Communist Party
of America's contribution to the Internationale Des Anciens Combat-
tants. It was organized in 1930 with Emanuel Levin as its founder.
Levin, in the Communist for August, 1934, stated :
The Workers Ex-Servicemen's League was very slow in
responding to the call of International solidarity with the Interna-
tionale Des Anciens Combattants (I.A.C.) * * * This isolation
becomes even more clear when it is noted that the I.A.C. was
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 385
formed in 1920 and that only in 1932 did the Workers Ex-Service-
men's League affiliate with it * * * The Task Before Us * * *
The independent movement of the veterans should be developed
so that it becomes directly connected with the international struggle
against war and fascism through active participation with, and
support of, the I.A.C. * * * Support the Seventh World Congress of
the I.A.C. !
Hugo Graef, secretary of the Internationale Des Anciens Combat-
tants, was a speaker at the convention of the Workers Ex-Servicemen's
League in Cleveland, September 22 to 26, 1932, after the bonus march
on Washington. He was received with tumultuous applause, according to
the Daily Worker account of the meeting. Henri Barbusse sent the fol-
lowing greetings to the Veteran News (official organ of the Workers
Ex-Servicemen's League), in December, 1935 :
All the members of our Ex-Servicemen's International, of
which the Workers Ex-Servicemen's League (now known under
the name of American League of Ex-Servicemen) is a part, rejoice
with me. * * * We rejoice in your present recrudescence of efforts
and the new flag you brandish with this new paper * * *
Henri Barbusse came to the United States in September of 1933 to
participate in the United States Congress Against War, at which he was
a speaker with Earl Browder, general secretary of the Communist
Party. Malcolm Cowley wrote in the Daily Worker for September 30,
1933:
Circulating up and down the pier and waiting impatiently in
the street were a thousand members of the Workers Ex-Service-
men 's League, who had come to do honor to the international presi-
dent of their organization * * * He came, first walking, then as the
crowd cheered, hoisted on the shoulders of the ex-servicemen, while
hundreds gave the Red Front salute.
Under the title The Revolutionary Way Out, in Communism in the
United States, (1934) Earl Browder states :
A mass movement of a mixed class nature that has begun to
take on a revolutionary trend in the United States in the past
period, is that of the war veterans * * * The tremendous revolu-
tionary potentialities in this movement was startlingly revealed
by the great Bonus March in 1932 * * * The veterans' movement
is a most valuable ally to the revolutionary working class move-
ment. It stands as one of the important tasks of the entire party
in mobilizing the auxiliary forces for the working class movement
in the United States.
Bill Gebert, member of the Central Committee of the Communist
Party and District Organizer, speaking at a District Committee plenum
(Party Organizer, July, 1932) stated:
Our Task in the Struggle Against Imperialist War * * * We
seem to take it for granted that a civil war will break out at the out-
break of a war. But miracles do not happen * * We must penetrate
the armed forces and establish an organization inside * " Work
26— L-7088-D
386 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
among ex-soldiers is of tremendous importance because they will
be the nucleus of the army not tomorrow but today * * * We must
organize the ex-servicemen on the basis of their demands; bonus,
relief, etc.
Rasmus Borgen, formerly a member of the Communist Party active
in veterans organizations in Minneapolis, testified before the Congres-
sional Special Committee on Un-American Activities as follows :
The purpose of the Workers Ex-Servicemen's League was to
spread Communistic propaganda among the war veterans and to
disrupt such organizations as the American Legion, Veterans of
Foreign Wars, and the Disabled American Veterans, but this did not
meet with success. Therefore, in 1934 the name was changed to
American League of Ex-Servicemen, and a more friendly attitude
was taken toward the other veterans' organizations. The league was
not to be known to have any connection with the Communist Party,
but individuals were to preach the doctrine of Communism to all
new members, or, in other words, to use the league as a stepping
stone toward the Communist Party * * * In July, 1936, the American
League of Ex-Servicemen were disbanded and its members ordered
by the national leaders to join other veterans' organizations * * *
Early in 1936 the Communist Party organized the United States
Veterans Council. This organization was to act as an advisory council
for Communists working in the American Legion, Veterans of
Foreign Wars, and the Disabled American Veterans * * * In addi-
tion to the above, a Veterans' Commission was established in the
various districts of the Communist Party, consisting of district
organizer of the Communist Party, and veterans who, as members
of the Communist Party, were active in veterans' organizations.
While a member of the Communist Party, I was secretary of this
Commission.
The Workers Ex-Servicemen 's League became the American League
of Ex-Servicemen in 1935. It was dissolved in July of 1936 and replaced
by the United States Veterans Council, or the Council of United States
Veterans.
Among those who have been active in Communist veterans ' organi-
zations are Harold Hickerson, Emanuel Levin, James W. Ford, Peter
V. Cacchione, Walter Trumbull, Paul Crosbie, Claire Biglow Cowan,
Gardner Jackson, John T. Bernrad, Charles H. Houston, George Biddle,
Thomas E. Stone, Henry W. Geisz, Merritt Crawford, Samuel Robbins,
Yelverton Cowherd, Kirtley F. Mather, Alonzo F. Myers, Morris Watson,
and Robert Marshall.
A letterhead of the Council of U. S. Veterans lists the headquarters
of the organization as 20 West 43d Street, New York City. The members
of the executive board and the advisory board are listed. From California
for the advisory board are the names of Harry N. Stafford, past com-
mander of the American Legion; C. C. Trillingham, American Legion;
and Paul H. Winneman.
Another Communist front in the veteran field was the Veterans
National Liaison Committee. Another Communist front for veterans was
the United Committee of Action, or United Action Committee.
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 387
New bonus marches may be expected if the Communist Party has its
way. The actual aim, as in the case of the bonus march on Washington in
1932, is to provoke "revolutionary" clashes, violence, and mass action
on the part of the veterans against the Government of the United States.
The American Veterans Committee has been the hope of the Com-
munist Party of the United States for revolutionary action on the part
of the veterans of World War II. In its 1947 report, the committee quoted
Political Affairs for September, 1946, laying down the current Com-
munist Party line. (The magazine, Political Affairs, is the successor to
the Communist ideological magazine, The Communist). In this issue we
find the following directive :
To strengthen and broaden the people's struggle against the
war-mongers, reactionaries and profiteers, labor and all anti-fascist
forces must now display far greater political and organizing initia-
tive in developing and leading mass movements and struggles in
behalf of the most immediate and pressing economic and political
demands of the workers, veterans, Negro people, farmers and city
middle class. * * * High priority in the building of the progressive
mass organization must also be given to strengthen and expand the
* * * American Veterans Committee. * * *
The committee pointed out in its 1947 report that a study was being
made concerning Communist activities in organized veterans' groups.
The committee stated that preliminary reports strongly indicated that
the American Veterans Committee was under Communist influence.
The committee has concluded that the American Veterans Committee
was a conception of the Communist Party and that its organization was
initiated by Communist veterans. The 1947 national convention, how-
ever, of the American Veterans Committee indicated a vigorous cam-
paign on the part of non-Communist members to unseat Communists
and Communist fellow-travelers in key places in the national organiza-
tion. The members of this committee were quite gratified with the results
of the national convention and watched the activities of the organiza-
tion with hopeful interest.
The annual state convention, however, of the American Veterans
Committee, held in Santa Barbara, February 21-22, 1948, dashed any
hope that the California organization was free of Communist control
and domination. A left-wing state chairman, Ben Rinaldo of Hollywood,
was selected by the convention, and the delegates adopted current Com-
munist Party policies, hook, line and sinker. On Washington's birthday,
the convention heard its so-called Americanism Committee report and
adopted a series of resolutions that would have better graced a Com-
munist Party convention.
Among the Communist line resolutions adopted by the American
Veterans Committee convention were demands for the abolition of the
Thomas Committee and the Tenney Committee investigating un-Amer-
ican activities ; a demand that all federal, state, county and city loyalty
checks and subversive listings be abandoned ; and, by a vote of 3 to 1,
adopted a resolution opposing the Marshall Plan and attacking universal
military training.
Indicating the same plan for revolutionary exercises, the California
American Veterans Committee favored an initiative petition for state
veterans bonus, an initiative petition for a state housing program to
388 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
build 100,000 new dwellings in four years, and, in addition, called for
the repeal of the Taft-Hartley Act.
It appears that the California and New York segments of the
American Veterans Committee remain under Communist domination.
The non-Communist members will be isolated and a desperate effort
will be made to recapture the national convention.
The American Veterans Committee may be said to be the most
elaborate endeavor in the veterans' field since the formation of the
Workers Ex-Servicemen's League.
Indicating the Communist interest and rejoicing in the Santa
Barbara convention of the American Veterans Committee is an editorial
in the Communist People's Daily World for February 25, ,1948. The
editorial reads as follows :
With its Santa Barbara convention, the American Veterans
Committee in California has come of age.
As distinguished from some of it national officers who have a
bad case of the red-baiting jitters, the California A.V.C. has come
out fighting for a clear-cut progressive program.
Overwhelmingly it rejected the Marshall Plan and approved a
United Nations plan for European relief and rehabilitation. It
called for an end to the Tenney and Thomas committee witch-hunts
and similar activities at federal, state and county levels.
These decisions sharply differentiate the A.V.C. from old-line
veterans organizations which have played a leading role in whipping
up anti-Soviet war hysteria and in promoting un-American repres-
sion of civil liberties.
Perhaps most significant of all, the California A.V.C. cham-
pioned the need of World War II veterans for a bonus which will
cushion them against the ravages of inflation and on-coming
depression.
We believe that the A.V.C. decision to launch an initiative peti-
tion for a bonus in California up to a maximum of $600 will meet
with overwhelming approval from veterans and nonveterans alike.
We believe also that this decision will extend the appeal and the
influence of the A.V.C. as the leading progressive organization
among veterans.
The following from the Los Angeles Times for March 24, 1948, is of
interest :
Will Eogers, Jr., last night resigned from the AMERICAN
VETERANS COMMITTEE, of which he was a founder, and
charged the organization in California is "nothing but a Communist
front. "
In his letter of resignation, Rogers, who left Congress to join
the Army, said that nationally the ' ' AVC still may be a veterans '
organization but not here in California. ' '
"Here all AVC ever does is to plug for Communist projects
and to denounce whatever Communists are denouncing, ' ' his letter
continued. "There are many fine men and women still left in AVC.
My advice to them is to get out. ' '
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 389
Rogers said he had seen "Communists at work" in the Beverly
Hills and Westwood Chapters and charged that "by endlessly drag-
ging out meetings so that when everyone else had gone home they
could pass their own motions, the Communists gradually took over. ' '
The Senate committee finds the California Division of the
American Veterans ' Committee to be completely under Communist
domination.
WRITERS CONGRESS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
For a detailed report of this Communist project, see the committee's
1945 and 1947 reports.
In 1943 the Hollywood Writers Mobilization and the University of
California at Los Angeles jointly sponsored a Communist Writers Con-
gress, which was held on the University campus in October of that year.
The Legislative Committee on Un-American Activities, through its chair-
man, protested to Dr. Gordon Sproul, and furnished incontrovertible
proof concerning the Communist background of the individuals who
guided the Hollywood Writers Mobilization.
The congress was held nevertheless.
WRITERS AND ARTISTS COMMITTEE FOR MEDICAL AID TO SPAIN
This committee was one of the many Communist fronts established
for the purpose of agitation and propaganda on the Spanish civil war.
Among those connected with this committee are the following:
Leopold Atlas, Witter Bynner, Millen Brand, Van Wyck Brooks,
Beniamino Bufano, Fielding Burke, Harry Carlisle, Kyle Crichton,
Countee Cullen, Babette Deutsch, Edna Ferber, Marjorie Fischer,
Dorothy C. Fisher, Joseph Freeman, Wanda Gag, Lewis Gannett, Virgil
Geddes, Martha Gellhorn, Emmett Gowen, Granville Hicks, Langston
Hughes, Rolphe Humphreys, George S. Kaufman, Sidney Kaufman,
Rockwell Kent, Walter Lowenfels, Archibald MacLeish, Willard Nash,
Edward Newhouse, Clifford Odets, Dorothy Parker, Elliot Paul, Elmer
Rice, Upton Sinclair, Philip Stevenson, Donald Ogden Stewart, Paul
Strand, Ernst Toller, and Art Young.
YOUNG COMMUNIST LEAGUE
The committee has heretofore, in previous reports, found that both
the Young Men 's Christian Association and the Young Women 's Chris-
tian Association, particularly in Berkeley near the University of Cali-
fornia, have been in the practice of permitting their facilities to be used
by Communist organizations. It appears that this practice is being con-
tinued. The committee submits an editorial from the newspaper Ocean
Park News, for Friday, October 31, 1947 :
According to a contemporary newspaper of last week, the Mike
Quinn Student Club of the Communist Party was slated to meet last
Friday at 2 p.m., at the University Y.W.C.A., 574 Hilgard Avenue.
This prize assortment of skunks was to hear, according to this new
story, a talk by Phil Bock, chairman of the Communist Youth
Council.
390 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Well, we didn't need to drag in our contemporary newspaper
for this comment. Because the meeting was advertised well enough
by handbills distributed at the campus gates by U.C.L.A members
of the club. Still we might point out that the Westwood Hills Press
which printed the story did it with a straight face. And no comment.
"Which either gives unswerving status to the skunks in question or
relies too much on the ability of the average reader to detect unindi-
cated and unstated ironies.
What we think is that the Y.W.C.A. needs to purge itself of
these polecats as quick as may be, if not quicker. And we are not
unmindful of the public record of Communist meetings at the Uni-
versity Y.M.C.A. in Berkeley.
Until the "Y" does shake out, publicly, the stink of this recog-
nition we can only say that for us the "Y" both "M" and "W" is
off our list — completely. — F.C.E.
P.S. The above mentioned skunks did meet at the "Y" as
scheduled, where it is reported they denounced God, as they always
do. In the report of this choice gathering of conspirators even the
Press could no longer keep a straight face. — F.C.R.
YOUNG PEOPLE'S RECORDS
The Communist Party does not overlook the indoctrination of chil-
dren. The Communist book stores recently have been handing out folders
advertising Young People's Records. One of these folders, distributed
by the Communist Party Progressive Book Shop, located at 1806 West
Seventh Street, in Los Angeles, is entitled "Help Your Child Discover
the Fascinating World of Music — ". The records, announce the folder,
are on "permadisc" and sell for only $1.49 plus tax. The folder declares
that "Critics and Teachers Hail Young People's Records."
The San Francisco Chronicle gives these records a plug. "These are
highly superior productions, done with great intelligence, skill and sim-
plicity, and infinitely finer than the drivel commonly purveyed on disks
for children," the San Francisco Chronicle is quoted.
On the inside of the folder the editors of Young People 's Records are
introduced. The editors are Douglas Moore, Columbia University ; How-
ard Hanson ; Genevieve Taggard ; and Randolph Smith, director of the
Little Red School House.
Prof. Douglas Moore, together with such outstanding Communist
Party liners and sympathizers as Morris Carnovsky, Kyle Crichton,
Abram Flaxer, Langston Hughes, Frederic March, Dudley Nichols, Prof.
Arthur Upham Pope, Paul Robeson, Frank Tuttle, and Orson Welles,
was a sponsor of a dinner under the auspices of the Communist-front
organization, the American Committee for Protection of Foreign Born.
Together with such well known Communists as Louis Adamic, Max
Bedacht, Mary McLeod Bethune, John R. Brodsky, Morris Carnovsky,
Muriel Draper, Theodore Dreiser, Donald Henderson, Langston Hughes,
Freda Kirchwey, Dr. Leo Eloesser, Elizabeth Gurley Flynn, Leo
Gallagher, Louis Goldblatt, and others, he signed the January, 1943, Mes-
sage to the House of Representatives, opposing the Dies Committee,
investigating un-American activities in the United States.
UN- AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 391
Howard Hanson was one of the sponsors of the Communist front in
behalf of Spanish Communists, the Musicians ' Committee to Aid Spanish
Democracy.
Genevieve Taggard's record is too long to be reproduced here. (See
index, this report. )
Randolph Smith is among the signatories to a petition sponsored by
the American Committee for Democracy and Intellectual Freedom to
discontinue the Dies Committee. He was one of the sponsors of a so-called
Citizens' Rally at Carnegie Hall in New York City, April 13, 1940,
allegedly answering the "attack on public education."
In January of 1940 Dashiell Hammett, veteran Communist, called
attention to the fact that only the Communist Daily Worker had printed
a fair version of a statement in favor of the Communist Party. The state-
ment, in part, reads as follows :
We point out sharply that this considered campaign * * * for
outright suppression of the Communist Party is reminiscent of the
postwar hysteria which culminated in the now universally condemned
Palmers raids. * * * we raise our voices in solemn warning against
denying to the Communists, or to any other minority group, the full
freedom guaranteed by the Bill of Rights.
This statement was signed by Randolph Smith, director of the
"Little Red School House" together with such well known Communists
and Communist fellow-travelers as Prof. Thomas Addis, Stanford Uni-
versity ; Prof. Franz Boas, Columbia University ; Dr. Bella Bisano Dodd ;
Prof. Clyde R. Miller, Columbia University ; Prof. Walter Rautenstauch,
Columbia University; Prof. Hans Otto Storm, Stanford University ;
Prof. J. Raymond Walsh, Hobart College; Van Wyck Brooks; Malcolm
Cowley; Countee Cullen; Martha Dodd; Theodore Dreiser; Dashiell
Hammett; Lillian Hellman; Arthur Kober; Oliver LaFarge; Clifford
Odets; George Seldes; George Soule; Charles Erskine; Scott Wood;
Rockwell Kent ; Herman Shumlin ; and Dr. Max Yergan.
The Daily Worker for December 19, 1940, carried the following,
which we quote in part :
Immediate dismissal of charges against Sam Adams Darcy,
Communist leader, was urged upon Governor Culbert Olson of Cali-
fornia today by 165 nationally prominent representatives of every
field of public life.
Darcy was recently extradited by California authorities to
Pennsylvania, where he was state chairman of the Communist Party.
He faces up to 14 years imprisonment for a minor inaccuracy in his
registration as a voter in California in 1934.
Charging that Darcy is being persecuted because he represents
a minority party, signers of the appeal declare ' * This constitutes a
violation of the principle of equality before the law. ' '
* * * They wrote * * * ' ' We urge you to dismiss the charges
against Mr. Sam Adams Darcy. "
Randolph Smith was one of the signers of this petition together with
such outstanding Communists as Oswald Garrison Villard, Dr. Harry F.
Ward, Rockwell Kent, Theodore Dreiser, Vito Marcantonio, Herman
392 UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Shumlin, Donald Ogden Stewart, Dr. Thomas Addis, Albert Maltz, and
many others.
During the Stalin-Hitler pact, Randolph Smith, together with
Bishop Francis J. McConnell, Dr. Bella B. Dodd, George Seldes, Vito
Marcantonio, Rockwell Kent, Prof. Margaret Schlauch, Rabbi Michael
Alper, Prof. Robert K. Speer, Rev. Arthur T. Goold, Edwin Berry Bur-
gum, and Arthur Kallet, sponsored a Greenwich Village Mass Meeting
For Peace. The meeting was held in public school No. 3, Grove Street,
corner Hutchins Street and New York Street.
Participation in the Communist policy to support the Stalin-Hitler
pact may be said to be the acid test for both Communists and Communist
fellow-travelers.
In July of 1946 a "cultural" congress was held in Moscow. Norman
Corwin, writer and radio commentator, was the "honored guest." He
presented the Moscow International Convention with two recordings
from the American-Soviet Music Society. Following this convention in
Moscow renewed activity in the recording field for Communist causes
and objectives became apparent. A few of the fronts which resulted are
as follows: Stage for Action, Young People's Records, New Theatre,
Trade Union Theatre, People's Artists, Cultural Folk Dance Group,
Theodore Dreiser Work Shop, Modern Culture Club, Carver Cultural
Council, Cultural Council, Dramatic Work Shop, Contemporary The-
atre, Provisional Committee for Democracy in Radio, International
Programs, Jefferson Chorus, Philadelphia Stage for Action, California
Stage for Action, Contemporary Writers, People's Orchestra, People's
Chorus, Book Find Club, Challenge Records, Charter Records, Freiheit,
Gesang Sarein, People's Artists, Inc., Committee for the Defense of
Education, Keynote Recordings, Inc., People's Songs, People's Radio
Foundation, and the American-Russian Music Corporation.
The Compass Record Company specializes in Soviet recordings.
People's Songs, Inc., was incorporated January 31, 1946, in New
York City. Among the directors and incorporators are Herbert Haufrect,
Peter Seeger, Lee Hays, Daniel Lapidus, and Robert Claiborne. Joe
Brodsky is the attorney for the corporation.
The board of directors of People's Songs, Inc., include the follow-
ing : B. A. Bodkin, Tom Glazer, Horace Grenell, Woody Guthrie, John
Hammond, Jr., Herbert Haufrect, Bess Hawes, Waldemar Hille, Paul
Kent, Millard Lampell, Earl Robinson, Bob Russell, Walter Lowenfels,
Kenneth Spencer, Alec Wilder, and Palmer Weber. Peter Seeger is the
director of the organization. Lee Hays is the executive director and
Bernard Asbel is the editor.
The Board of Sponsors of People's Songs, Inc., include Sam Bar-
low, Leonard Bernstein, Marc Blitzstein, Aaron Copeland, Norman Cor-
win, Lincoln Kirstein, Larry Adler, Moe Asch, C. B. Baldwin, Carl
Carmer, Oscar Hammerstein II, E. Y. Harburg, Judy Holliday, Lena
Home, John Houseman, Berle Ives, David Capp, Alain Locke, Dorothy
Parker, Paul Robeson, Herman Sobel, Louis Untermeyer, Sam Wana-
maker, Josh White, and Lila Bell Pitts. The Advisory Committee
includes Rockwell Kent and Michael Gold.
Needless to say all of the productions of People's Songs, Inc., follow
the Communist Party line as assiduously as do the people behind the
organization.
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA 393
Serge de Touloff is the manager of "The World In Music" at 1119
North Hicks Avenue, in Los Angeles. "Russia in Phonograph Records"
is featured on de Touloff 's advertisement. The Russian records were
formerly offered for sale in the lobby of the Grand and Esquire Theatres
in Los Angeles. This information is crossed off of de Touloff 's card.
YOUNG PROGRESSIVE CITIZEN'S COMMITTEE
This is a youth section of the Communist Progressive Citizens' of
America. Gene Kelly, movie actor, is the national chairman, and Herbert
Oppenheimer is the executive vice chairman. George Pepper is the execu-
tive director of the group's arts, sciences and professions council. Its
chapters are active in universities and colleges. It has never deviated
from the Communist Part}^ line in any field.
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
395
INDEX
Aaron, Dr. Harold, 328
Aarons, "Slim," 183
Abbott, Bernice, 238
Abbott, Olive, 211
Abolish Peonage Committee, 34, 93, 95
Abott, Edith, 320
Abowitz, Ellenore, 198, 239, 253, 254,
308, 309
Abowitz, Dr. Murray, 279, 355
Abraham Lincoln, 373
Abraham Lincoln Battalions, 93, 100, 157
Abraham Lincoln Branch of the Com-
munist Party, 215
Abraham Lincoln Brigade, 35, 66, 93, 94,
96, 99, 100, 101, 125, 185, 225,
254, 271, 295, 308, 382
Abraham Lincoln School, 95, 120, 342
Abraham, Morris, 146
Abramowitz, Bessie, 242
Abt, John J., 343
Academic and Civil Rights Committee, 35
Academic and Civil Rights Council, 6, 136
Achron, Joseph, 311
Ackerman, Nena, 184
Ackley, John Kenneth, 179
Action, 224
Action Bulletin, 49, 224
Action Committee to Free Spain, 271
Action for Today, 224
Actors Equity, 315, 316
Actors' Laboratory, Inc., 95, 97, 104, 105,
129, 159, 259, 348
Actors' Laboratory Theater, 52, 95, 96,
104, 105, 106, 347
Adamic, Louis, 109, 114, 131, 199, 200,
202, 216, 225, 239, 262, 273, 323,
327, 328, 351, 353, 390
Adams, Comfort A., 271, 351
Adams, Edward (see Arthur Kallet)
Adams, Franklin P., 262, 330
Adams, George P., 328, 351
Adams, Dr. and Mrs. George P., 216
Adams, James T., 330
Adams, Prof. Josephine T., 327
Adams, Peter, 311, 312
Adams, Theodore F., 320
Addes, George F., 201, 323
Addis, Miss Jean, 182, 184, 185
Addis, Prof. Thomas, 114, 132, 144, 163,
176, 182, 185, 201, 202, 248, 249,
328, 350, 352, 353, 358, 377, 391,
392
Addis, Dr. and Mrs. Thomas, 216
Adelman, Mrs. Marci, 146
Adelman, Meyer, 163
Adler, Clarence, 311
Adler, David, 330
Adler, Dr. Irving, 177, 344
Adler, Jacob, 196
Adler, Jay, 355
Adler, Larry, 210, 254, 355
Adler, Luther, 96
Adler, Mollie, 278
Adler, Stella, 248, 277
Affidavit of Alex Harris, 300
Affidavit of George W. Crosby, 292
Affidavit of Rena M. Vale, 311
Affidavit of William D. Handelsman, 282
A. F. of L. ( See American Federation of
Labor)
African Blood Brotherhood, 333
Age of Treason, 106, 160
Agins, Dr. J., 171, 177
Agins, Mrs. Minna, 178
Agricultural, Packing and Allied Workers
of America, 38
Aidlin, Joseph, 332
Aidlin, Mrs. Mary, 106, 160, 355
Aiken, Conrad, 330
Ain, Gregory, 355
Akerstein, Mrs. Lynn, 355
Albert, Bessy, 179
Alberts, Doris, 311, 314, 317
Alberts, Sam, 311, 314, 317, 355
Albertson, William, 213
Albrier, Mrs. Frances, 194
Albritton, Clarence, 338
Alexander, George, 338
Alexander, Dr. Herbert, 148, 310
Alexander, Mara, 185
Alexander, Robert, 355
Alexander, Dr. Will H., 199
Alexeev, Alex M., 268, 374
Algase, Benjamin, 271
Algren, Nelson, 274
Alkow, J. M., 383
All-America Anti-Imperialist League, 67,
106, 107, 143, 145, 188, 273
Allan Rudack Studio, 104
Allan, William, 233, 343
Allard, John, 63
Allard, John, 280
All-California Conference for Defense of
Civil Rights and Aid to Labor's
Prisoners, 107
Allen, Dr. Bennet M., 171
Allen, Rev. Carl, 106, 160, 161, 164, 358
Allen, Mrs. Fay E., 116, 183, 201, 328,
351, 375
Allen, Harland, 323
Allen, Dr. Harold B., 185
Allen, James Egert, 198
Allen, James S., 233, 343
Allen, James T., 15
Allen, Sam Houston, 164, 332
Allen, Shannon C., 248
Allen, Ted, 226
Allen, Warren D., 317
Allen, William, 340
Aller, Elsa, 179
Alley, Raymond, 338
All Harlem Youth Conference, 75
Allied Labor News, 168
Allied Labor News Service, 49, 224
Allied Voters Against Coudert, 38, 96,
146
Allied War Relief Rally, 216
Allison, Elmer T., 243
Allister, Mona, 355
396
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Allister, William, 355
Almenana, Anacleto, 273
All-Union Society for Cultural Relations
with Foreigners (Voks), 107, 383
Alper, Joseph, 338
Alper, Rabbi Michael, 152, 211, 271, 328,
351, 377, 392
Alshuler, Walter, 179
Altman, George T., 221
Altman, Mischa, 311, 314, 317
Alves, Bertram, 198, 318
Amalgamated Clothing Workers, 243
Ambellan, Harold, 189
Amerasia, 224
America Declares Peace, 257
American Artists Congress, 35
American Association of Scientific
Workers, 318
American Authors' Authority, 138, 189
American Caravan, The, 254
American Civil Liberties Union, 5, 6, 107,
108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 179, 246,
319, 349, 353
American Civil Liberties Union-News, 111
American Coalition of Patriotic, Civic,
and Fraternal Societies, 325
American Committee for a Free Indo-
nesia, 112, 113
American Committee for Anti-Nazi Ger-
man Seamen, 365
American Committee for Anti-Nazi Liter-
ature, 334
American Committee for the Defense of
Trotsky, 156, 189
American Committee for Democracy and
Intellectual Freedom, 61, 96, 112,
319, 320, 335, 342
American Committee for Democracy and
Intellectual Freedom to Discon-
tinue the Dies Committee, 391
American Committee for Free Indonesia,
225
American Committee for Free Yugoslavia,
The, 66
American Committee for Friendship with
the Soviet Union, 38, 324
American Committee for Indonesian In-
dependence, 112, 113
American Committee for a Korean
People's Party, 112
American Committee for Protection of
Foreign Born, 75, 96, 113, 114,
115, 122, 168, 319, 321, 334, 335,
336, 350, 365, 381, 390
American Committee for Russian Famine
Relief, 114
American Committee for Spanish Free-
dom, 100, 102, 115, 11G, 125, 139,
148
American Committee for Struggle Against
War, 67, 150, 324, 334
American Committee for Yugoslav Relief,
125, 126, 131, 132, 218
American Committee of Jewish Writers,
Artists, and Scientists, Inc., 103,
129, 130
American Committee of Liberals for the
Freedom of Mooney and Billings,
61
American Committee to Aid Korean Fed-
eration of Trade Unions, 112
American Committee to Aid Soviet Rus-
sia, 141
American Committee to Save Refugees,
75, 141, 166, 175, 234, 270, 335,
336, 367, 368, 381
American Communications Association —
CIO, 141, 212, 339, 383
American Congress for Peace and Dem-
ocracy, 67
American Council Institute for Pacific
Relations, 168
American Council on Soviet Relations,
35, 38, 65, 101, 115, 169, 176, 334,
357, 366
American Croatian Congress, 66, 75
American Crusade to End Lynching, 136
America Declares Peace, 136
American Embassy in Belgrade, Yugo-
slavia, 140
American Federated Russian Famine Re-
lief Committee, 141, 169
American Federation of Government Em-
ployees, 379, 380, 381
American Federation of Labor, 36, 37, 39,
41, 42, 43, 60, 70, 88, 116, 120,
223, 347, 379
American Federation of Labor Social
Workers, 382
American Federation of Musicians, 311,
312, 313, 314, 315, 362
American Federation of Radio Artists,
216
American Federation of State, County
and Municipal Employees — A. F.
L.,55
American Federation of Teachers, 280,
320
American Friends of Czechoslovakia, 145
American Friends of the Chinese People,
35, 66, 142, 143, 144, 211, 335
American Friends of the Mexican People,
35
American Friends of the Soviet Union
(See Friends of the Soviet Union)
American Friends of Spanish Democracy,
66, 147, 191, 319, 324, 335, 336
American Friends of the Spanish People,
35
American Fund for Public Service, 145,
247, 336
American Gallery Films, 373
American Investors Union, 334
American Jewish Committee, 146
American Jewish Congress, 145, 146, 149,
221, 318, 355
American Labor Party, 41, 339
American League Against War and Fas-
cism, 35, 98, 106, 124, 128, 149,
150, 176, 180, 196, 223, 320, 324,
333, 334, 335, 336, 366
American League for Peace and Democ-
racy, 6, 33, 35, 67, 96, 141, 142,
147, 149, 150, 151, 152, 154, 180,
181, 196, 246, 267, 319, 327, 334,
335, 342, 366, 377
American League of Ex-Servicemen, 384,
385, 386, 388
American Legion, 16, 17, 18, 19, 41, 42,
43, 127, 171, 246, 384
American Legion Auxiliary, 15, 16, 17,
18, 19
American Mercury, 104, 360.
American Negro Labor Congress, 333
American Peace Crusade, 67, 106, 133,
154, 155, 160, 161, 165, 250, 319
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
397
American Peace Mobilization, 33, 67, 93,
96, 104, 124, 133, 137, 141, 150,
154, 155, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164,
165, 169, 211, 250, 251, 257, 275,
321, 332, 340, 342, 351, 367, 377,
379, 380
American Peace Mobilization Conference,
115
American People's Fund, 168, 376
American People's Meeting, 165
American People's Mobilization, 150
American Progressives Defending the
Moscow Trials, 123, 176, 365
American Pushkin Committee, 320, 335
American Quarterly on the Soviet Union,
169, 224
American Red Cross, 357
American Kelief for Greek Democracy,
168, 169
American Kelief Ship for Spain, 335
American Rescue Ship Committee, 270,
350
American Review on the Soviet Union,
169
American Revolutionary Writers'
Congress, 196
American Round Table on India, 336,
353
American-Russian Council, 327
American-Russian Institute, 38, 65, 101,
123, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 176,
177, 178, 217, 218, 225, 237, 261,
325, 326, 327, 353
American Russian Institute for Cultural
Relations With the Soviet Union,
169
American-Russian Music Corporation,
392
American Slav Congress, 35, 66, 75, 125,
126, 374
American Society for Cultural Relations
With Russia, 246, 334
American Society for Technical Aid to
Spanish Democracy, 367
American-Soviet Music Society, 323, 392
American-Soviet Science Society, 323 _
American Student Union, 5, 33, 115, 159,
178, 179, 182, 196, 335, 336, 338,
341, 377
American Ukranian Lodge, I wo, 269
American Unitarian Youth, 339
American Veterans Committee, 43, 218,
259, 280, 318, 338, 339, 383, 387,
388, 389
American Writers Congress, 35, 38, 52
American Youth Congress, 54, 115, 148,
162, 179, 180, 181, 182, 185, 195,
334, 342, 383
American Youth for a Free World, 54,
339
American Youth for Democracy, 35, 38,
47, 48, 54, 60, 62, 63, 102, 116, 130,
134, 136, 137, 143, 147, 149, 182,
183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189,
190, 203, 224, 225, 252, 253, 277,
280, 281, 309, 318, 334, 339, 340,
370, 379
Americanism Educational League, 17
Americanism of Mr. Mudgett, 342
America's Tenth Man, 369
Ameringer, Oscar, 163
Ames, John, 196
Ami, Jacob Ben, 114
Amlie, Thomas R., 181, 244
xVmmous, Forrest, 220
Among Friends, 49, 224
Amsterdam World Congress Against
War, 149, 150
Amter, Israel, JL51, 176, 336
AMVETS, 16, 17, 18, 19, 43
Anang, George K., 113
Anchor Club, 15, 18, 19
Ancient Egyptian Order of Sciots, 17, 18
Andersen, George R., 215, 265, 266, 299,
332, 358
Anderson, Bruce, 215
Anderson, Charles, 185
Anderson, David L., 15
Anderson, Dolores, 185
Anderson, Rev. J. Raymond, 203
Anderson, Maxwell, 260, 323, 330
Anderson, Ray, 94
Anderson, Sherwood, 151, 199, 270, 310,
338
Anderson, Mrs. Sherwood, 227, 278
Andrews, Robert, 251, 254
An Evening for the Lab, 159
Angell, Ernest, 109
Annone, Pauline, 186
An Open Letter to American People, 136
Antennie, William, 287
Antheil, George, 254, 311, 317
Anthony, II, Susan B., 201, 228, 229,
230
Anti-Communist Northwest Military
Council, 144
Anti-Imperialist League ( See All-Amer-
ica Anti-Imperialist League)
Anti-Nazi League, 33
Anti-Nazi News, 188, 250, 341
Antioch College, 325
Antonini, Luigi, 181, 327
Antonofsky, George, 338
Antonyuk, Nina, 171
Appeal for Lawrence Simpson, 335
Applenian, Dr. David, 170, 171, 241
Appleman, Ruth, 227
Apresian, Mr. Stepan, 171
Archer, Frank, 338
Architectural Environment of Modern
Culture, 311
Ardrey, Robert, 211
Arduino, Madeleine L., 181
Areson, Clinton, 375
Arlen, Harold, 317
Arms, John Taylor, 323, 330
Armstrong, Henry, 185, 186
Armstrong, Margaret, 277
Arnaud, Leon, 311
Arnautoff, Victor, 216
Arndt, Mrs. W. B., 15
Arnold, Emil, 266
Arnold, John, 119
Aron, Wellesley, 146
Arrangements Committee for the United
States Congress Against War, 320
Art Committee, 323
Artef, 188
Artef Theatre, 188
Arthur, Art, 372
Arthur, Jr., Chester A., 266
Arthur, Jean, 254
Artists' Committee to Win the War, 52
Artists Fight Back, 139, 140
Artists' Front to Win the War, 52, 97,
98, 99, 124, 136, 188, 192, 367
Arts Union Council, 316
398
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Art Young Branch of the Communist
Party, 215
Arvin, Newton, 248, 273, 338
Asbel, Bernard, 392
Asch, Moe, 392
Asch, Nathan, 266
Ascher, Charles S.t 109
Ashton, Marion, 15
Associated Farmers, 15, 17, 18, 19
Associated Film Audiences, 167, 193, 225
Associated Magazine Contributors, Inc.,
49
Ateman, Edward, 378
Atkinson, Brooks, 188
Atlanta Federal Penitentiary, 200, 214
Atlas, Leopold, 389
Atwater, Dr. H. Gale, 358
Auden, W. H., 330
Auer, Mischa, 358
Austin, Russel, 338
Austrian, Spencer, 332
Auto-Tech Garage, 343
A.V.C. (See American Veterans
Committee)
Averbuck, Alvin, 214
Avery, R. S., 185
Avery, Stephen Morehouse, 210
Axelrod, William, 13, 177, 340
Axelrode, Jeanette, 375
A. Y. D. ( See American Youth for
Democracy )
Aydelotte, Dr. Frank, 323
A. Y. D. in Action, 224
Ayeroff Brothers, 343
Ayers, James M., 338
B
Baber, Zonia, 273
Bacall, Lauren, 210
Bachelis, Lee, 132, 198
Bachelis, Mrs. Lee, 106, 160
Bachrach, Marion, 318
Bachus, George, 355
Bachus, Henry, 355
Bachus, Jim, 355
Bacon, Elizabeth M., 226, 343
Bacon, Leonard, 330
Bacon, Merriel R., 209
Baer, Ellen, 355
Baer, May, 355
Baffa, Frank, 259
Bailey, Gus, 333
Bailey, Harry, 280, 311, 313
Bailey, William, 94, 185, 218, 297
Baker, Dr. Alonzo, 171
Baker, Charles, 243
Baker, Enos J., 214
Baker, Dr. Frank, 151, 325
Baker, Hart, 95
Baker, James C., 320
Baker, Bishop James Chamberlain, 109,
114
Baker, Melville, 372
Baker, Mr. and Mrs. Percy, 216
Baker, William, 94
Baker, Miss Wilma, 198
Bakewell, Bernard K., 15
Balamuth, Lewis, 179
Baldwin, C. B., 354, 392
Baldwin, Joseph Clark, 323
Baldwin, Roger N., 107, 145, 151, 179,
181, 194, 200, 244, 247, 333, 338,
351
Balint, Alex, 205
Balint, David, 205
Balokovic, Zlatko, 113, 114, 126, 131, 168,
208, 265, 323, 374
Baiter, Harry Graham, 151, 152, 249
Baiter, Sam, 198, 202, 279
Baltic Riddle, The, 326
Baltimore Sunday Sun, 124
Bancroft, Frank C., 163, 375
Bancroft, Jr., Philip, 15
Bangs, Mrs. Grace Allen, 228
Banks, Joan, 355
Banning Live Wire, 20
Baras, Joseph, 341
Barber, Samuel, 330
Barbour, Katherine, 375
Barbusse, Henri, 149, 246, 266, 384, 385
Bard, Phil, 244
Barilone, John, 233
Barkan, Camille, 184
Barker, Mary C., 278
Barlow, Jarvis, 355
Barlow, Sam, 392
Barlow, Samuel L. M., 327
Barnes, Carol, 8, 215, 220
Barnes, Clifford W., 323
Barnes, Edward L., 62
Barnes, Dr. Harry Elmer, 109, 181, 196,
211, 247, 248, 265, 351
Barnes, John, 279, 383
Barnes, Joseph, 341
Barnes, Joseph Fels, 357
Barnes, Mrs. Kathleen, 170
Barnes, Roswell P., 193
Barnett, Eugene E., 322
Barnum, Carl, 195
Baron, Isabel, 184, 185
Baron, Rose, 266
Baroway, Leo, 213
Barr, Mrs. Clinton M., 333
Barran, Joseph, 94
Barrie, Lee, 355
Barrier, Edgar, 356
Barrigan, Andrew, 182
Barrows, Alice, 151, 226, 328
Barry, John D., 358
Barsky, Edward K., 125, 231, 234, 271,
350, 353, 376
Bartlett, Sy, 211
Baruch, Dr. Dorothy W., 279
Barzin, Leon, 311
Bass, Basil, 169
Bass, Charlotta A., 59, 183, 184, 185, 190,
202, 203, 209, 215, 221, 279, 320,
330, 344, 346, 355, 375, 378
Bass, Elbert, 184
Bassett, W. K., 341
Basshe, Emjo, 270, 273, 278
Bassman, George, 314
Bassman, Melvin, 179
Batiste, Calvin, 215, 220
Batt, Hon. William L., 323
Battaglini, 358
Battle, George Gordon, 248
Bauer, Catherine, 151
Bauer, Marion, 311
Bauman, Harry, 146
Baumgartner, D. Leona, 227
Baxter, Charles, 383
Bay, Emanuel, 311
Bay, Howard, 96, 132, 162, 189, 328, 378
Bay, Paula, 356
Bayer, Theodore, 323
Beach, Ethel, 227
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
399
Beach, Prof. Joseph Warren, 271
Beal, John, 211
Beals, Carlton, 244, 245
Beals, Dr. Ralph, 171
Bear, The, 96
Beard, Prof. Charles A., 199, 330
Beard, Mary, 199
Beardsley, Mrs. Helen ( See Mrs. John
Beardsley)
Beardsley, Judge John, 184, 201
Beardsley, Mrs. John, 109, 110
Beasley, Robert, 375
Beaudry, Lee, 179
Beavers, Louise, 185
Becerril, Edward, 259
Beck, Jean R., 226, 343
Beckelman, Moses W., 375
Becker, Mr. and Mrs. A., 172
Becker, Kathryn, 317
Becker, Leon S., 211, 317
Becker, Maurice, 132
Becket, Marjory, 356
Beckwith, Dr. Theodore D., 171
Bedacht, Max, 131, 176, 196, 200, 265,
266, 267, 268, 322, 323, 328, 351,
390
Bedwell, Dona, 277
Beecroft, Dr. Eric, 152, 255
Behrman, Samuel, 330
Beigelman, Dr. M. N., 171
Beldner, Sanford S., 198
Belester, Mrs. Alice S., 322
Belf rage, Cedric, 4, 152
Belgrade, Sema B., 93
Bell, Prof. Eric T., 112
Bell, Rev. James W., 338
Bells Toll for Hemingway at Vet's
Symposium, 100
Belmont High School (Los Angeles) , 179
Belowski, John, 273
Belt, Dr. Elmer, 171
Belton, Bill, 280
Belton, Maxine, 338
Bemis, Gray, 328, 351, 375
Benault, Al, 356
Ben Davis Club, 214
Bender, Albert, 144
Bendor, Bill, 203
Benedaret, Bea, 356
Benedict, Ruth, 192
Benet, William Rose, 114, 132, 189, 239,
240, 244, 262, 273, 323, 324, 328,
330, 351, 352
Benjamin, Herbert, 383
Ben Leider Memorial Fund, 56
Bennett, Delay, 161
Bennett, Eugene V., 249
Bennett, Hugh, 251
Bennett, John C., 328, 351
Bennett, Louise, 233
Bennett, Margaret, 251, 254, 279
Bennett, Robert Russell, 311, 317
Bennett, S. K., 383
Benson, E., 233
Benson, Elmer A., 113, 132, 168, 181, 198,
202, 208, 226, 248, 318, 327, 328,
354
Benson, Frank W., 330
Benson, James D., 141
Bentall, David J., 265, 331
Bentall, J. O., 266
Bentley, Barbara, 210
Bercovici, Leonardo, 210, 260
Berdansky, Louis, 375
Berenholz, Anne, 227
Berenson, Bernard, 330
Berg, Beckie, 343
Berger, Meta, 248
Berger, Mrs. Victor I., 151
Bergh, Haakon, 311, 314
Berkeley Democratic Club, 195
Berland, Sam, 203
Berman, Averill, 219, 279, 355
Berman, Freda, 375
Berman, Jack Y., 355
Berman, Lionel, 340, 377
Bernard, Bern, 250, 255
Bernard, John T., 95, 109, 310, 386
Berne, Lewis Alan, 114, 151, 163, 176,
211, 351
Bernfeld, William, 15
Bernstein, Aline, 189
Bernstein, Harry, 374
Bernstein, Leonard, 210, 392
Bernstein, Maurice, 375
Bernstein, Walter, 378
Berrish, , — ., 285
Berry, Abner, 213, 233, 343
Berry, John, 97, 179
Berry, Wallace, 280, 338
Bersin, Harry, 205
Bertholon, George Oliver. 152
Berton, Victor, 311, 312
Besig, Ernest, 4, 5, 6, 111, 112
Bessie, Alvah Cecil, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101,
102, 103, 105, 136, 170, 176, 183,
189, 192, 239, 261, 328, 340, 360
Bethune Branch of the Communist
Party, 215
Bethune, Mary McLeod, 114, 131, 151,
181, 186, 201, 227, 228, 262, 318,
319, 323, 324, 327, 328, 334, 350,
351,353,390
Beverly, Helen, 356
Beyea, Frank, 161
Bianco, Joseph, 94
Bibby, Dr. Henry Lambert, 271, 322
Biberman, Edward, 183, 231, 355
Biberman, Herbert, 106, 154, 160, 162,
164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 175, 193,
226, 239, 250, 251, 255, 256, 257,
267, 276, 310, 328, 346, 360, 373,
374
Biddle, Attorney General Francis, 98, 99,
103, 106, 110, 117, 118, 121, 122,
124, 126, 133, 134, 135, 154, 155,
156, 157, 158, 165, 166, 167, 191,
192, 265, 274, 331, 362, 364, 366,
367, 368, 383
Biddle, George, 248, 386
Bidner, William R., 202, 203, 206, 207,
208, 220, 221
Biedenkapp, Fred, 266
Bigelman, Dr. Leo, 223, 224
Big Union, 342
Billboard, 147
Billing, Dr. Harvey E., 171
Billings, Warren K., 163, 201
Bill of Rights, 61, 391
Bingham, Alfred M., 244
Binswanger, Clara G., 265
Birge, Prof. Raymond T., 112, 328, 351,
352
Birkhoff, Prof. George D., 322
Biro-Bidjan, 196
Bishop, George, 377
Bishop, Isabel, 330
Bissell, Doc, 94
400
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Bissell, Whit, 356
Bisson, T. A., 144, 151, 198
Bittleman, A., 142, 196, 213
Bittner, Van A., 181
Black, Algernon, 179, 193
Black, Elaine, 266
Black and White, 4, 6, 49, 172, 193, 224
Black and White Press, Inc., 224
Black Legion, 117
Blackman, Mrs. Phyllis, 355
Black Pit, 128
Blackwell, Alive Stone, 266
Blackwell, Nita, 146, 149
Blaine, Anne, 334
Blair, Betsy, 356
Blair, Fred, 212
Blake, Ben, 278
Blake, George, 213
Blake, Melissa, 343
Blake, William, 95, 103, 276
Blanchard, Dr. Frederic T., 171
Blanchard, Helen, 227
Blanchard, Myron B., 375
Bland, John L., 15
Blankfort, Henry, 251, 355
Blankfort, Laurie, 278
Blankfort, Michael, 163, 198, 202, 274,
278, 279, 343, 355
Blankfort, Mrs. M., 97
Blankfort, Sylvia, 278
Blass, Dorothy, 356
Blass, Lambert, 356
Blatch, Harriet Stanton, 248
Bledsoe, William, 360
Blinken, Samuel M., 332
Bliss, Ted, 254
Blitzstein, Madelin, 277
Blitzstein, Marc, 103, 162, 311, 378, 392
Bliven, Bruce, 96, 151, 179, 333, 377
Bloch, Ernest, 330
Bloch, Leon, 278
Bloch, Mrs. Louis, 322
Block, Anita, 278, 322
Blockade, 372
Blodgett, Dave, 343
Bloom, Aaron, 268
Bloom, Dr. Leonard, 309
Bloom, Sophie, 281
Bloomgarden, Kermit, 240
Bloor, Mother Ella Reeve, 56, 151, 176,
228, 266
Blowitz, William ,254, 279, 355
Blow That Whistle, 264
Blum, Edwin, 251, 254
Blum, Leon, 191
Blumberg, Al, 213
Blumberg, A. M., 15
Blumer, Dr. George, 328, 351
Blumstein, Alex, 200
Blythe, Ann, 183
B'Nai B'Rith, 16
Boardman, Helen, 355
Boardman, Samuel, 144
Boardman, Thelma, 170
Boas, Ernest P., 244, 262, 328
Boas, Prof. Franz, 109, 112. 114, 141,
151, 163, 200, 211, 226. 239, 270.
327, 350, 351, 358, 377, 391
Bock, Phil, 214, 348, 389
Bodansky, Dr. Aaron, 114, 169, 170
Bodeen, DeWitt, 210
Bodenheim, Maxwell, 274
Boder, Elena, 171
Bodian, Clara, 228
Bodin, Ida, 185
Bodkin, B. A., 392
Bodkin, Helen, 214
Bodkin, Wesley, 214, 343
Bodlander, Walter, 355
Boehm, Jeff, 355
Boehm, Sidney, 372
Bogart, Humphrey, 210, 211, 255
Bohnen, Roman, 14, 97, 104, 105, 129,
159, 276, 356
Bombardier, Mrs. Delor, 15
Bonaparte, Joseph, 375
Bonelli, Richard, 317
Book and Magazine Guild, 130
Book Find Club, 49, 120, 392
Book-of-the-Month Club, 193
Books Available in Class Library, 199
Book Union, 194, 369, 370
Book Union Bulletin, 224
Booth, G. Raymond, 308, 309
Booth, Louis, 375
Borchard, Prof. Edwin M., 109, 247
Bordoni, Irene, 114
Boretz, Allen, 328, 351
Borgen, Rasmus, 386
Borgese, Prof. G. A., 271
Borich, Frank, 244
Born, Kenneth, 151
Borough, Reuben W., 109, 110, 116, 183,
184, 185, 239, 244, 248, 255, 257,
267, 272, 346, 355, 375, 376
Borz, George V., 374
Boston Chronicle, 224
Boston University, 264
Boswell, Charles, 356
Boswell, Rev. Hamilton, 106, 160
Bouche, Louis, 262
Boucher, Anthony, 342
Boudin, Leonard B., 377
Boudin, Louis B., 114, 151, 196, 270, 328,
331
Boulanger, Nadia, 317
Bourk- White, Margaret, 199, 238
Bowen, Mildred, 214
Bowers, Max, 94
Bowie, Jean L., 271, 328
Bowie, W. Russell, 248, 327, 351
Bowman, Leroy E., 333
Bowron, Mayor Fletcher, 260, 261
Boycott Japanese Goods Conference, 96,
147
Boyer, Charles, 211, 255
Boyer, Richard O., 340
Bover, Sophia Ames, 278
Boyles, Paul, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287,
289, 290, 303, 307
Boynton, Ray, 248
Boy Scouts of America, 180
Bradford, Ann, 228, 229, 230
Bradley, Rev. Dwight, 328
Bradley, Dr. Harold, 171
Bradley, Lyman R., 269, 350, 353, 37R
Bradshaw, Allan J., 15
Bradsher, Mary, 215
Brady, Anna Mae, 95
Brady, Robert A., 4, 6, 144, 151, 176, 193.
249, 310
Bragin, J. George, 104
Brand, Millen, 132, 162, 163, 208, 357.
389
Brand, Phoebe, 97, 104, 356
Brandhove, William Patrick, 8, 281
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
401
Brandon, Henry, 356
Brandt, Janet, 356
Branham, Lucy G., 357
Brannan, Eleanor, 151, 333
Branston, Louise, 111, 163, 208, 358
Brant, Carl, 183
Braus, Ann, 210
Braus, Mor, 210
Braverman, Harry, 239, 358, 375
Braverman, Mrs. Harry, 184
Break Relations With Spain, 139
Break Relations With Spain Rally, 102
Brecher, Irving, 251, 255
Breckinridge, Sophronisba P., 113, 114,
151, 201, 322, 328, 350, 351
Bregoff, Betty, 179
Breiman, Leo, 184
Breines, Simon, 322
Brewer, James L., 271
Brewer, Roy M., 15
Bridges Defense Committee, 34, 55, 61,
248
Bridges, E. W., 94
Bridges, Harry, 62, 117, 118, 122, 133,
176, 216, 249, 285, 324, 332, 363,
365, 375, 383
Bridges, Lloyd, 97, 104, 127, 356
Bridges Victory Committee, 34, 54
Bridgman, Prof. Olga, 112
Brier, J., 268
Briggs, A. Stafford, 358
Briggs, Cyril, 266, 333
Briggs, Marian, 211
Bright, John, 215, 256, 375
Brill, Goldie, 179
Brin, Mrs. Arthur, 320
Brinton, Dr. Christian, 248
Brissenden, Prof. Paul F., 109, 265, 377
British Reds, 326
Britton, Gertrude Howe, 375
Brockway, Harold, 383
Brockway, Howard, 330
Brod, Mrs. Leon, 146
Brodetsky, Julian, 171, 317
Brodeur, Prof. Arthur G., 144
Brodjeur, Dr. Arthur, 185, 216
Brodsky, John R., 390
Brodsky, Joe, 392
Brodsky, Joseph R., 151, 167, 194, 196,
265, 268, 328, 331, 351
Brodsky, Merel, 214, 343
Brodsky, Vera, 311
Brody, Alter, 270
Brody, Samuel, 270, 278
Broekman, David, 311
Bromberg, J. Edward, 14, 104, 105, 106,
OPJ£>
Bromfield, Louis, 234, 271, 276, 322
Broms, Allan S., 142
Bronncr, James, 375
Bronson, Howard, 317
Bronson, Dr. Oliver H., 109, 110, 352
Brook, Alexander, 330
Brooklyn College, 339
Brooks, David, 240
Brooks, Dorothy, 179
Brooks, Geraldine, 210
Brooks, Katie, 62
Brooks, Miriam, 230, 315, 316
Brooks, Richard, 210, 211, 241
Brooks, Van Wyck, 109, 113, 114, 179,
248, 262, 323, 324, 327, 328, 330.
352, 354, 389, 391
27— L-7088-D
Brophy, John, 107
Brotherhood of Man, 192
Brotherhood of Painters, Decorators and
Paperhangers of America, 214
Broun, Heywood, 181, 239, 244, 351
Browder, Earl, 7, 9, 29, 33, 91, 94, 99,
104, 118, 122, 125, 136, 148, 151,
153, 155, 157, 163, 176, 180, 214.
234, 244, 245, 266, 273, 333, 337.
351, 364, 379, 385
Brown, Dr. Adelaide, 144
Brown, Archie, 94, 213, 343
Brown, Arthur, 94
Brown, Benjamin, 94
Brown, Bob, 274
Brown, Charles, 383
Brown, Charlotte Hawkins, 186, 198.
208, 227, 228, 230, 328, 351, 352
Brown, Gus O., 221
Brown, Prof. Harold C., 226, 248, 271,
322, 328, 358, 377
Brown, Herman, 383
Brown, Hy, 94
Brown, Prof. J. F., 271
Brown, John, 356
Brown, L. B., 198
Brown, L. E., 15
Brown, Lee D., 259
Brown, Martin T., 233
Brown, Paul, 338
Brown, Phil, 97, 104, 356
Brown Shirts, 206
Brown, Sterling, 274
' Brown, Warren, 186
Brown, Bishop William Montgomery,
244, 245, 265
Brownlow, Geraldine, 184
Brownstein, George, 164
Broy, John, 280, 339
Bruce, Virginia, 251
Bruch, Bella, 146
Bruck, Chuck, 188
Bruck, Murray, 355
Brueck, Karl C., 15
Brum, Henry, 211
Brunin, Saul, 163
Bryan, Ella, 15
Bryan, Helen R., 151, 152, 168, 270, 350,
376
Bryan, Julian, 244
Bryce, Cornelia ( See Mrs. Gifford
Pinchot)
Bryson, Hugh, 62, 185, 200, 281, 288, 289.
290, 291, 298, 307, 308, 343, 351
Buaken, Manuel, 114
Buchanan, David W., 185
Buchman, Harold, 244
Buchman, Sidney, 97, 105, 171, 189, 211,
251, 254, 258, 310, 358
Buchman, Mrs. Sidney, 250, 255
Buchwald, Nathaniel, 278
Buck, Pearl S., 198, 324, 358
Buck, Dr. Phillip W., 185
Buckman, Alfred L., 146, 149
Buckman, Beatrice, 250
Buckman, Harold 257, 372
Buckmaster, Henrietta, 113, 114, 10S,
227, 228, 230, 270
Budenz, Louis, 176
Budiselick, Ann, 113
Bufano, Beniamino, 144, 389
Bufano, Remo, 378
Building America, 326
402
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Bulcke, Germain, 249, 268
Bulger, Mrs. Fanny, 194
Bulletin, The, 126
Bulletin of Congress of American Women,
224
Bulletin on Education, 224
Buncheck, Zarko M., 113
Bunyard, Lolita, 185
Burbank, Elizabeth, 278
Burchfield, C. E., 330
Burdick, Virginia, 170
Bureau of Cultural Relations (Moscow),
107
Burford, James, 62, 203
Burgess, Prof. E. W., 323
Burgum, Edwin Berry, 392
Burke, Senator, 257
Burke, Bob, 186
Burke, Carroll, 383
Burke, Ed, 289
Burke, Fielding, 194, 248, 273, 389
Burke, Frieda, 266
Burke, J. Vernon, 185, 249
Burke, Kenneth, 274
Burke, Paul (See Victor Berton)
Burke, Robert, 178
Burke, Sidney, 213, 342, 343
Burke-Wadsworth Conscription Bill, 160,
332
Burlak, Anne, 244
Burlingham, C. C., 357
Burnham, Grace, 196
Burnham, Louis E., 113, 188, 201, 338
Burns, Eveline M., 198
Burns, George, 255
Burns, Senator Hugh M., 3, 4, 13
Burns, James B., 381
Burns, Leola, 203
Burns, Milt, 95
Burns, Jr., Robert, 356
Burnshaw, Stanley, 274
Buroki, Ben, 378
Burr, Anne, 132
Burr, Jane, 328
Burr, Raymond, 181
Burroughs, Abe, 261
Burrows, Abe, 254, 255, 355
Burstein, Rabbi Elliott, 216, 358
Burt, Mrs. Charles D., 15
Burt, Struthers, 330
Burton, Bernard, 233
Burton, Charles W., 151
Burton, Roma, 210
Bury the Dead, 96
Busbey, Congressman Fred E., 380
Busch, Benjamin, 151
Bussio, Margaret, 375
Butkovich, John D., 151
Butler, Charles, 338
Butler, Hugo, 372
Butler, J. P., 15
Butler, Mrs. Sydney, ??
Butler, Rev. W. Fay, 358, 377
Buttenwieser, Helen, 375
Butterman, Ernest, 356
Buttrick, George A., 320
Byelo, 177
Bynner, Witter, 389
Byrne, James T., 15
Byrne, Norman, 164
Cabot, Dr. Hugh, 322
Cacchione, Peter V., 196, 226, 386
Cadden, Joseph P., 114, 151, 162, 163,
338
Cagney, James, 238, 244, 262
Cahill, Herbert, 356
Cain, James M., 189, 372
Caldecott, Reverend Ernest, 115, 184, 350
Calder, Viola D., 193
Caldwell, Erskine, 194, 238, 273, 326, 330
Caldwell, Frank H., 320
Caldwell, Josephine, 356
Caldwell, Malcolm, 161
Caldwell, Orville, 309
Calhern, Louis, 210, 262
Calhoun, Arthur C., 107
California Action Conference for Civil
Rights, 191
California Association of Private Inves-
tigators, Inc., 16
California Chiropractic Association, 18
Calif ornia Eagle, 49, 120, 137, 203, 221,
224, 346
California Farm Bureau Federation, 15,
17,19
California Housing Initiative Committee,
195
California Labor School, 8, 11, 51, 53,
56, 95, 138, 170, 176, 195, 217,
218, 235, 236, 269, 325, 347
California Legislative Conference, 38, 60,
62, 63, 195
California Manufacturers Association,
18,19
California Newspaper Publishers Associ-
ation, 19
California Osteopathic Association, 15,
16, 17, 18
California Relief Administration, 157
California Sentinel, 139
California Stage for Action, 392
California State Association of Life Un-
derwriters, Inc., 16, 17, 18
California State Chamber of Commerce,
16, 18, 19
California State Federation of Labor, 10
California State Industrial Union Coun-
cil, 160, 163
California Technical Institute, 182
California Youth Legislature, 160, 195
Callbeck, Helen, 279, 280
Callender, Frank, 210
Caller, Fay, 186
Galloway, I. Warner, 220
Calloway, Marie, 220
Calmer, Alan, 273
Cameron, D. A., 201
Cammer, Harold I., 272
Campbell, Alan, 250
Campbell, Mayor Charles F., 4, 7
Campbell, George, 198, 202, 239, 251, 255,
259, 311, 317
Campbell, Margaret, 311, 313
Campbell, Mary, 377
Campbell, Ruby D., 277, 278
Canadian Friends of the Chinese People,
144
Canadian League Against War and Fas-
cism, 150
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
403
Canadian League for Peace and Democ-
racy, 150
Canby, Dr. Henry Seidel, 109, 262, 330
Cannarly, Camille, 356
Canning, Prof. John B., 328
Cannon, James P., 242, 265, 266
Cannon, Mrs. Myrtle H., 355
Cannon, Walter B., 131, 262, 271, 322,
351
Canot, Eddie, 210
Can Our Ballots Stop Bullets f, 154
Canseco, Rev. M. A., 375
Cantor, Eddie, 132, 250, 255, 262
Cantwell, Robert, 341
Canuck, Johnny, 342
Capell, Evelyn, 278
Capp, David, 392
Capper, Hon. Arthur, 323
Capps, McClure, 210
Capture the Film, 237
Carey, Bernice, 343
Carey, James B., 113, 151, 162, 179, 273
Carle, Teet. 251
Carlisle, Harry, 389
Carlson. C. C., 62, 241, 355
Carlson, Col. Evans F., 197, 201, 208, 239,
255, 279, 318
Carlson, Dr. Glen, 355
Carlson, Oliver, 104
Carlyle, Tom, 210
Carmer, Carl, 392
Cannon, Walt, 273
Carney, Jack, 243
Carnival in Flanders, 373
Carnovsky, Morris, 96, 97, 104, 105, 113,
114, 129, 151, 159, 171, 196, 202,
248, 328, 352, 356, 378, 390
Caro, Jacobina (Mrs. Jacobina Davison),
105, 106, 348
Carpenter, Iris, 185
Carr, William C., 109
Carreon, Dr. Reynaldo, 15
Carrington, Jack, 356
Carroll, Terry, 338
Carroll. Dr. Vincent P., 16
Carroll, William, 94
Carse, Robert, 189
Carson, Mini, 358
Carter, Dyson, 226
Carter, Edward C., 169, 170, 357
Carter, Mrs. Edward C., 131
Carter, James, 206
Carus, Dr. Clayton, 171
Carvajol, Jose, 16
Carver Club, 214, 259, 280
Carver Cultural Council, 392
Casals, Pablo, 311
Cash, Vernon C., 16
Caspary, Vera, 97
Cassidy, Harry M., 352
Cassidy, Mary Ann, 215
Castelhun, Dorothea, 341
Castle Lodge, Temple Isreal, 280
Caston, Rev. J. L., 333
Catacktill, Bessie, 377
Catholic Daughters of America, 15, 16, 17
Catholic Inter-Racial Council, 147
Catholic War Veterans of the United
States, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19
NCattell, J. McKeen, 248
Cave, Jack, 311
Caya, Al, 257
Caylor, Florence, 251
Cayton, Revels, 162, 218, 283, 284, 285,
286, 287, 289, 290, 303, 305, 306,
307, 375
Celler, Emanuel, 247
Censored, 130
Censored News — The News That the
Press Won't Print, 5
Central Bloor Branch of the Communist
Party, 215
Central Committee of the Communist
Party, 135, 158, 385
Cestare, Frank, 186
Chadwick, Martha B., 266
Chaffee, Jr., Zachariah, 198, 320
Chaikin, Alfred, 179
Challenge, 260
Challenge Records, 392
Chalmers, Mrs. Allan Knight, 320
Chamber of Commerce, 171
Chamberlain, Howard, 356
Chamberlain, Rowland, 315
Chamberlain, Mrs. Selah, 144
Chamberlin, Rowland, 104
Chambers, Whittaker, 266
Champion, 180, 224
Champion of Youth, 196, 197, 224, 334,
338
Chan, Betty, 179
Chan, Hansu, 143, 198
Chance, Gene, 6
Chandler, Raymond, 374
Chandler, Dr. William H., 171
Chaney, Frances, 356
Chancy, Prof. Ralph, 144, 160
Chaplin, Charles, 189, 322, 324
Chaplin, John R., 278
Chaplin, Ralph, 265
Chaplin, Sidney, 356
Chapman, Abraham (See John Arnold)
Chapman, Dr. Emmanuel, 131, 201
Chapman, Hon. Oscar L., 323
Chappell, Winifred L., 246, 333
Charles, Andrew, 179
Charry, Elias, 320
Chart, The, 49, 224
Charter Records, 392
Charter, Steve, 343
Chase, Allen, 103, 115, 125
Chase, Borden, 16
Chase, Rev. Don M., 202, 328, 352, 358,
377
Chase, Murray, 226
Chase, Roger, 196
Chase, Russel N., 272, 328
Chase, Stuart, 198, 234, 330
Chasson, Jack, 179
Chavez, Carlos, 317
Chekov, Anton, 96
Chemical Workers, CIO, 204, 205, 206
Cheney, Ralph, 161
Chen, Si Lan, 198
Cherbonet, Col., 295
Chernin, Rose, 315, 316
Chernis, Jay, 314
Cheronis, Nicholas, 168
Chertoff, Naomi, 187
Chevalier, Prof. Haakon M., 4, 6, 8, 97,
144, 172, 173, 174, 175, 193, 236,
237
Cheyney, J. M., 383
Chevney, Ralph, 270
Chiang Kai-shek, 142, 143, 144, 197
Chicago,All-America Anti-Imperialist
League, 273
404
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Chicago, Communist Party, 95
Chicago Herald-Tribune, 102
Chicago Peace Mobilization, 379
Chicago Star, 224
Chicureli, Michael, 226
Childs, Morris, 226, 343
Chilton, Gordon, 94
China Aid Council, 151, 319, 336
China Aid Councilofthe American
League for Peace and Democracy,
319
China Aid News, 143
China Conference Arrangements
Committee, 197, 198
China Strikes Back, 247
China Today, 143, 144, 198, 224
China Today Mass Meeting, 147
Choates, Edward, 240
Chodorov, Edward, 208, 258
Chodorov, Jerome, 210
Chodorov, Rhea, 278
Chotzinoff, Samuel, 311
Christensen, Parley Parker, 198
Christian Century, 246
Christian League for Industrial
Democracy, 336
Christian Register, 352
Christians, Mary, 262
Christiansen, Dr. Helen, 355
Christie, Lee, 179
Chudnow, Max, 355
Chuman, Frank F., 355
Chung, Dr. Margaret, 144
Church League for Industrial
Democracy, 318
Church of the Hammer and Sickle, 344
Cikowski, N., 261
Cinema Bureau in Moscow, 193
Cinema Bureau of the International
Union of the Revolutionary The-
ater, 237
CIO Netvs, 247
C.I.O., P.A.C., 259, 318
Citizens' Advisory Committee, 14, 15
Citizen's Committee for Better Edu-
cation, 198, 199, 200, 231
Citizens Committee for Democratic
Freedom in North Africa, 216
Citizens Committee for Harry Bridges,
34, 97, 248, 363
Citizens Committee for the Defense of
Mexican-American Youth, 365, 375
Citizens Committee for the Motion
Picture Strikers, 201
Citizens Committee on Academic
Freedom, The, 54
Citizens Committee to Aid Locked-out
Hearst Employees, 147
Citizens Committee to Free Earl Brow-
der, 7, 34, 55, 104, 118, 200, 319,
329, 330, 334, 335, 336, 351
Citizens for Victory Committee, 136
Citron, Bryon, 179
Citron, Ula, 179
City College of New York, 178, 338
Civiern, Frank J., 94
Civil Rights Congress, 35, 47, 48, 55, 60,
61, 75, 122, 136, 139, 191, 201,
202, 203, 205, 206, 209, 220, 221,
224, 231, 330, 338, 362, 363, 378
Civil Rights Council of Northern
California, 163
Civil Rights Federation, 61
Civil Rights News, 224
Claiborne, Robert, 392
Claire, Bonnie, 131
Clapsaddle, Nellie, 227
Clare, Ralph, 16
Clarity, 49, 224
Clark, Clinton, 163
Clark, David, 377
Clark, Durward, 94
Clark, Edward, 356
Clark, Joseph, 213, 233, 343
Clark, Margarete L., 198
Clark, Attorney General Tom, 59, 110,
202, 204, 206, 207
Clarke, Angela, 356
Clarke, David, 356
Clarke, T. E. B., 374
Clay, Eugene, 274
Claypool, Leslie E., 341
Cleary, Mrs. Betty, 16
Clement, Ada, 185
Clement, Rufus E., 262, 271
Clifton, Leon, 146, 148
Cline, Minnabell, 375
Clipper, The, 135, 137, 167, 224, 246
Cloke, Shirley, 215
Clothier, Dr. Robert C., 323
Cluen, Reeve, 184
Clurman, Harold, 274
Clyde, Mrs. Ethel, 170, 179
Cobb, Humphrey, 310
Cobb, Lee, 356
Cobb, Tom, 377
Cobbs, Dr. P. Price, 185
Coburn, Muriel, 356
Cochem, Coreene, 356
Cochran, William F., 109
Codornices Club, 215
Coe, George A., 151, 152, 328, 333, 352,
358, 359, 377
Coe, Lee, 343
Coffee, John M., 109, 116, 132, 151, 181,
186, 208, 226, 310, 318, 328, 351,
375
Coffin, Dr. Henry S., 322
Cohee, John, 375
Cohee, Mr. and Mrs. John, 183
Cohelan, Mrs. Jeffery, 194
Cohen, Rabbi Henry, 114
Cohen, Hyman, 259
Cohen, Jeannette, 179
Cohen, Rabbi Jehudah M., 146, 149
Cohen, Rabbi J. K., 198
Cohen, Joseph, 196, 338
Cohen, Dr. Julius, 16
Cohen, Leon, 94
Cohen, Lester, 244
Cohen, Lewis, 377
Cohen, Louis (See Lewis Merrill)
Cohen, Max R., 151
Cohen, Morris, 270
Cohen, Nat, 212
Cohen, Reuben E., 266
Cohen, Rabbi Samuel M., 152
Cohn, Rabbi Franklin, 145
Cohn, Morris E., 59, 251, 255, 259, 372,
374
Colbert, De Witt, 183
Colby, Merle, 274
Cole, Gladys, 356
Cole, Lester, 60, 97, 215, 239, 274, 275,
276, 279, 346, 372
Cole, Lorenza Jordan, 317
Coleman, David, 16
Coleman, Festus, 167, 274
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
405
Coleman, Rev. J. C., 198
Coleman, Dr. Le Grande, 185
Coleman, Timothy, 220
Colen, Freda, 146
Colen, Louis, 149
Coles, Ann, 270
Collier, Nina P., 278
Collins, Charles, 114
Collins, Dorothy J., 377
Collins, C. Leslie, 377
Collins, Mrs. Frank, 16
Collins, Jr., George D., 249
Collins, Richard, 215
Colman, Edward C., 329
Colman, Louis, 93, 202, 266, 328, 352
Columbia Broadcasting Company, 313
Columbia University, 337, 338, 352, 390,
391
Combs, R. E., 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 111,
173, 174, 175, 219, 220, 221, 235,
258, 282, 292, 298, 299, 308, 346,
347, 348, 349
Comingore, Dorothy, 97, 375
Comintern, 9, 10, 33, 35, 65, 73, 74, 75,
79, 81, 83, 106, 107, 113, 118, 122,
124, 133, 142, 143, 149, 166, 178,
190, 191, 232, 233, 242, 243, 265,
267, 362, 363, 383, 384
Committee for a Boycott Against Japa-
nese Aggression, 147, 319, 335
Committee for a Democratic Far Eastern
Policy, 168, 169, 197, 198, 208, 218
Committee for Citizenship Rights, 122,
358
Committee for Civil Rights for
Communists, 34
Committee for Correspondence, 12, 13
Committeee for Cultural Freedom, 102,
121, 122, 123, 125, 128, 129, 135,
166, 168, 191, 365, 366, 370, 371
Committee for Defense of Joint Anti-
Fascist Refugee Committee, 55
Committee for Defense of Public
Education, 381
Committee for Peace Through World
Cooperation, 67, 335
Committee for the Care of Young
Children in War Time, 168
Committee for the Defense of Education,
392
Committee for the First Amendment, 35,
55, 61, 211
Committee for the Release of Earl
Browder, 253
Committee of One Thousand, 35, 55
Committee of Professional Groups for
Browder and Ford, 153
Committee of Women, 227, 323
Committee on Education, 323
Committee on Election Rights, 112, 381
Committee on Un-American Activities of
the House of Representatives, 97,
98, 99, 102, 104, 118, 119, 120, 121,
122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 134, 135,
165, 166, 217, 250, 260, 274, 277,
328, 330, 331, 333, 361, 362, 363,
364, 365, 366, 367, 368, 370, 371,
380, 386
Committee to Aid Chinese Trade Unions,
143, 211
Committee to Defend America by Keep-
ing Out of War, 67, 115, 149, 150,
211, 342, 351
Committee to Defend Angelo Herndon, 34
Committee to Save Spain and China,
147, 335
Committee to Win the Peace, 197, 198
Commons, Natalie, 278
Commonwealth College, 145
Communique, 190
Communist, The, 182, 196, 224, 225, 246,
252, 267, 302, 338, 384, 387
Communist International (See
Comintern)
Communist Internationale, 120, 150, 163
Communist Manifesto, 25
Communist Party Book Stores in
California, 224
Communist Party of Alameda County, 7,
11, 220
Communist Party, Marin County, 5
Communist Party of California, 29, 60,
79, 104, 105, 106
Communist Party of China, 143
Communist Party of Los Angeles County,
Communist Party of the Soviet Union, 21
Communist Party of the State of New
York, 94, 245
Communist Party Publications, 224
Communist Political Association, 33, 214
Communist School in Boston, 326
Communist Third International ( See
Comintern)
Community Chest, 72
Compac, 316
Compass Record Company, 392
Compinsky, Manuel, 317
Compinsky, Sarah, 317
Compton, Dr. Karl Taylor, 322
Comrade, The, 225
Concepcion, M. de Gracia, 198
Conference for Democratic Action, 159
Conference of Solidarity With the
Spanish People, 216
Conference on American-Russian
Cultural Exchange, 170
Conference on Constitutional Liberties in
America, 121, 165, 166, 226, 342
Conference on Pan-American
Democracy, 66, 147
Conference on Thought Control, 59
Conference on Women of the U. S. A. and
the U. S. S. R., 227
Confessional, 140
Congress, 224
Congress of American Revolutionary
Writers, 52, 126, 158
Congress of American-Soviet Friendship,
35, 65, 226, 321, 324
Congress of American Women, 35, 47, 77,
177, 192, 201, 225, 226, 229, 230,
231, 232
Congress of Industrial Organization,
C.I.O., 36, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43,
63, 64, 88, 115, 116, 141, 212
Congress of Youth, 115, 334
Congress Views, 49
Conkling, Roscoe S., 320
Conlan, Frank, 356
406
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Conliff, Frederick, 107
Connelly, Marc, 97, 239, 241, 251, 255,
258, 262, 330, 358
Connelly, Philip M., 62, 63, 64, 106, 116,
146, 148, 160, 163, 182, 183, 184,
185, 198, 200, 201, 202, 205, 206,
209, 211, 221, 222, 241, 249, 257,
267, 272, 309, 330, 346, 351, 359,
375
Conner, V. J., 163
Connick, Louis, 170
Connolly, Dorothy, 230
Conover, Harry, 341
Conroy, Jack, 95, 97, 194, 196, 266, 273
Conscription News, 319
Constance, Lincoln, 328, 352
Consumer-Farmer Milk Cooperative,
Inc., 336
Consumers National Federation, 77, 342
Consumers Union, 167
Consumers Union Reports, 167
Conte, Richard, 97, 210, 211
Contemporary Theatre, 392
Conway, Bert, 356
Conway, Curt, 356
Conway, Maurice, 94
Conway, Morris, 94
Cook, Fannie, 278
Cooke, Edmund W., 109, 110, 170
Cooke, Morris L., 109, 262
Coolidge, Albert Sprague, 179, 201, 327,
334, 335
Coon, John C., 94
Cooper, Mrs. Bessie, 16
Cooper, Esther, 187
Cooper, Fran, 356
Cooper, Leo, 186
Cooper, Lou, 317
Cooper, Mitzi, 179
Cooper, Rose, 356
Cooper, Ruby. 226, 343
Cooperstock, Henry, 186
Coordinating Committeee to Lift the Em-
bargo, 147, 270, 319, 334, 335
Copland, Aaron, 113, 114, 248, 262, 316,
317, 330, 377, 392
Copland, Bernice G., 375
Coppelman, Abraham, 266
Copstein, Seymour, 179
Coragliotti, V. F., 343
Corbell, Margaret, 179
Corbett, Harvey Wiley, 323
Corboff, Katie, 184, 185
Corby, Henry, 146
Corelli, Alan, 240
Corey, Jeff, 356
Corley, James, 258
Cornell University, 339
Corona, Frank, 375
Corsi, Edward, 198
Corwin, Emil, 383
Corwin, Norman, 59, 60, 183, 201, 208,
210, 241, 255. 262, 264, 318, 323,
354, 357, 358, 392
Cosgrove, P. Pascal, 114
Costello, John H., 251
Costello, Dr. Joseph O., 16
Costigan, Howard P., 109, 226, 328
Costigan, Giovanni, 328, 352
Gotten, Joseph, 255, 375
Cotton, Mme. Eugenie, 228
Cotton, J. A., 352
Cotton, Dr. J. Harry, 353
Coudert, Jr., Senator Frederick R,, 96
Coulouris, George, 97, 356
Coulter, J. C., 249
Council for Civic Unity, 136, 308, 309
Council for Pan-American Democracy,
35, 66, 139, 115, 168, 335
Council of U. S. Veterans, Inc., 320, 342,
386
Council of Young Southerners, 319, 334,
335, 336
Council on African Affairs, 66, 101, 168,
320
Counts, George S., 109, 170, 179, 244
Counts, Frederick A., 328, 352
County Crusade Council, 160, 161
County Social Workers, Local 558, of the
A.F.L., 60
Courses for Publishing Employes, 130
Cousins, Kay, 356
Couveras, Costa, 168
Covington, Floyd C., 109, 110, 132, 152,
183
Covington, Mrs. Floyd, 278
Covington, Mrs. Oliver, 277
Cowan, Prof. Alexander, 172
Cowan, Claire Biglow, 386
Cowan, Warren, 210
Cowell, Henry, 317
Cowherd, Yelverton, 386
Cowl, Margaret, 333
Cowley, Malcolm, 96, 97, 113, 151, 194,
244, 248, 270, 273, 333, 338, 385,
QQ1
Cowling, Donald J., 320
Cox, Mrs. Allen, 281
Cox, Ivan Francis, 152
Cox, Nancy, 151
Cox, Prof. Richard T., 271
Coy, Harold, 248
Coyle, Grace L., 375
Cramer, Genevieve, 16
Cramer, Max, 259
Crane, Henry Hitt, 320
Crane, Irving, 266
Crane, John O., 323
Craven, Thomas, 262
Crawford, Cheryl, 210, 240, 241
Crawford, John, 356
Crawford, Kenneth, 199
Crawford, Matt, 148, 194
Crawford, Merritt, 238, 386
Crespi, Pachita, 114
Crichton, Kvle (alias Robert Forsythe),
97, 114, 129, 141, 151, 159, 168,
189, 234, 244, 248, 271, 273, 310,
353, 370, 389, 390
Criminal Syndicalism, 147, 223, 349
Crippen, Harlan R., 193
Cripps, John, 377
Crisis, 224
Criterion, 15
Critser, Loren, 16
Croft, Mary Jane, 356
Cromwell, John, 59, 193, 239, 241, 251,
252, 253, 254, 257, 279, 354, 355,
357
Cronbach, Dr. Abraham, 162, 320
Cronbach, Robert, 189
Cronin, Kathleeen, 343
Cronyn, Hume, 97, 104
Crooks, Jimmie, 94
Crosbie, Paul, 386
Crosby, Aliph, 277
Crosby, George W., 292, 296, 298
Crosby, Willis K., 377
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
407
Cross and the Arrow, 120, 129
Cross, Dennis, 356
Cross, Samuel H., 169
Crouch, Paul, 106. 107, 266
Grouse, Russell, 262
Crow, Carl, 199
Crown, John R., 171
Crozier, Helen, 356
Crum, Hartley, 115, 116, 182. 185, 198,
239, 262, 309, 318, 332, 354, 383
Crump, Frank, 184
Crutcher, Norval, 251, 252, 255, 257
Cullen, Countee, 113, 248, 273, 375, 389,
391
Cullen, Tom, 155, 164, 193
Cultural Folk Dance Group, 392
Culture and Democracy, 310
Culture and the Crisis, 153
Cummings, Constance, 378
Cunningham, Rosalie, 356
Curaj, Emily, 259
Curran, Joseph, 114, 115, 132, 151, 162,
198, 202, 211, 226, 248, 294, 295,
296, 323, 324, 328, 351, 352
Curtis, Diana, 16
Curtis, Eva, 266
Curtis, Louis W., 317
Cush, Pat, 226
Cushing, Edward, 311
Gushing, Hazel Morton, 352
Cushman, Bishop Ralph S., 132, 181
Cutler, Mrs. Sydney, 146
Cutler, Victor, 278
Cykler, Dr. Edmund, 171
D
Dahl, Ingolf, 317
Dahlberg, Edward, 244, 273, 274
Daily News, 172
Daily People's World (See People's Daily
World)
Daily Record (Chicago), 224
Daily Variety, 138
Daily Worker, 9, 35, 49, 56, 86, 93, 94,
96, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 108,
117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 123, 125,
126, 127, 128, 130, 131, 132, 133,
135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 145, 153,
156, 158, 159, 162, 165, 166, 167,
176, 181, 185, 188, 191, 192, 196,
200, 207, 208, 212, 224, 225, 232,
237, 242, 244, 245, 251, 260, 267,
273, 274, 275, 338, 362, 363, 364,
365, 366, 368, 370, 371, 376, 377,
385, 391
Dale, Thelma, 228, 230
Daley, Allyn, 356
Dallet, Joe, 94
Dallob, Samuel, 375
Dalrymple, Sherman H., 151, 248
Daly's Theatre (New York City), 188
Damon, Anna, 266
Damon, Frances, 187, 228
Dana, H. W. L., 189, 194, 244, 266, 325,
326, 338, 377
Dana, Malcolm Boyd, 334
Dance Committee, 323
Danger of a Third World War, 218
Daniels, Harry, 157, 214
Daniels, Ursula, 188, 250
Darby, Raymond V., 60
Darcy, Sam, 7, 12, 118, 121, 134, 148,
166, 330, 358, 359, 362, 391
Dardek, Samuel (See Sam Darcy)
Darr, Rev. John, 338
Darrow, Clarence, 273
Dart, Van, 185
da Silva, Howard, 62, 355, 356
Da Silva, Joseph, 241
Dassin, Jules, 97, 129, 159
Daughters of the American Depression,
73, 334
Daugherty, James, 62, 233
Davenport, Marcia, 262
Davenport, Mary, 356
Daves, Delmer, 210
Davidman, Joy, 340
Davidson, Dr. Edward W., 16
Davidson, Jo, 131, 262, 318, 323, 324,
330, 354
Davidson, Mrs. Jo, 227, 228
Davidson, Prof. Percy E., 359
Davidson, S., 268
Davidson, Sidney (See Sidney Davison)
Davies, Donald, 210
Davies, Hon. Joseph E., 323
Davies, Mrs. Joseph E., 228
Davies, Lester, 378
Davies, Marjorie Post, 227
Davies, Spencer, 210
Davies, Valentine, 372
Davis, Jr., Benjamin J., 151, 212, 266, 352
Davis, Betty, 254, 262, 378
Davis, David, 213
Davis, Donald, 210
Davis, Dr. Frank C., 183, 186, 248, 249,
279, 309, 328, 346, 349, 352, 375,
382
Davis, Dr. Herbert John, 322, 323, 325
Davis, Dr. Howard, 344
Davis, Jerome, 97, 113, 151, 178, 179, 181,
196, 211, 244, 320, 327, 341, 351,
352
Davis, John P., 93, 151, 162, 181, 265,
266, 331, 333, 351
Davis, Lena, 236
Davis, Owen, 330
Davis, Dr. Percy L., 171
Davis, Ralph E., 16
Davis, Robert A., 356
Davis, Sid, 356
Davis, Spencer, 210
Davis, Stuart, 189, 261, 310
Davis, Willard B., 16
Davison, Jacobina (See Jacobina Caro)
Davison, Sidney, 105, 177, 178, 346, 347,
348
Dawson, Earnest, 106, 160, 161, 183, 185,
249, 267, 279, 344, 358, 359
Dawson, Mrs. Ernest, 277, 278
Dawson, Joseph Martin, 320, 321
Dawson, Sadie Roberts, 358, 359
Day, Mrs. George, 277, 278
Day, Prof. George M., 109, 110, 152, 170,
171, 178, 233, 241
Day, John Warren, 375
Dean, Joseph, 114
Dean, Vera Micheles, 248, 326
Deane, Jr., Hugh, 198
DeA. Reid, Dr. Ira, 114, 201, 334, 336
Deblin, Oswald, 329
De Boer, John, 162
de Bright, Josefina Fierro, 375
Debs, Eugene V., 163
Debs, Theodore, 107
De Caux, Len, 318
Decker, W. J., 328, 352
Deep Are the Roots, 105
Deering, Olive, 356
408
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Dee Scriven, Frank, 18
Defense Committee for Alexander Bittel-
man, 55
Defense Committee for Carlo Marzani, ??
Defense Committee for Claudia Jones, 55
Defense Committee for Eugene Dennis,
55
Defense Committee for Gerhardt Eisler,
55
Defense, Committee for Hans Eisler, 35,
55
Defense Committee for John Williamson,
55
De Frantz, Bob, 338
De Haviland, Olivia, 251, 255, 279
Dehn, Adolph, 141
Dekker, Albert, 183, 201, 231, 251, 253,
254, 255, 308, 309, 346, 355
cle Kruif, Paul, 248, 327
De Lacy, Hugh, 59, 113, 114, 131, 162,
168, 198, 200, 208, 248, 249, 318,
323, 328, 350, 351, 352, 357
De Lamarter, Eric, 330
de la Selva, Salomon, 152
Del Carlo, Daniel, 185
Delcol, , 283
Delehante, Margaret, 186
De Lima, Peter, 116
Dell, Floyd, 244
Dell, Russell, 94
Dellums, C. L., 249
Dellums, Mrs. C. L., 194
Del Mar, Lileta, 356
Delson, Max, 334
De Luca, Rev. Theodore, 271
De Lue, Donald, 330
Del Welch, Marie ( See Marie Del Welch)
De Maestri, R., 382
De Maio, Ernest, 95
De Mille, Katherine, 97
De Mille, Agnes, 210, 240, 262, 323
Democracy and Social Change, 246
Democrats for McCormick, 215
Dempsey Deportation Bill, 327
Denn, Adolph, 248
Dennes, Prof, and Mrs. William R., 194
Dennis, Eugene, 35, 139, 212, 226, 362
Dennis, Peggy, 342
Department of Education (California)
( See State Department of Educa-
tion)
Department of Immigration and Natural-
ization, 223
Department of Interior, 108
Department of Justice, 93, 120
Der Arbeiter, 224
de Rycke, Dr. Laurence, 171
Descendants of the American Revolu-
tion, 336
Deseu, Petrus, 268
Desky, Howard H., 16
Detiere, William ( See Al Hague)
de Touloff, Serge, 393
Detroit City Council, 246
Detzer, Dorothy, 181, 333
Deutsch, Adolph, 316, 317
Deutsch, Albert, 375
Deutsch, Armand, 210
Deutsch, Babette, 389
Deutsch, Helen, 260
Deutech, Dr. Monroe E., 322
Deutsch, Dr. and Mrs. Monroe E., 194
Devine, John, 94
Devlin, Marian, 279
De Voto, Bernard, 330
De Wees, Benjamin L., 353 ,
Dewey, Prof. John, 102, 121, 122, 123,
125, 128, 129, 135, 159, 166, 168,
191, 365, 366, 370, 371
Dewey, Governor Thomas E., 118, 352,
363
De Witt, Rev. Dale, 151, 319
Dexter, Mrs. Elliot, 355
Diament, Henrich, 278
Diamond, Beverly, 375
Diamond, Mrs. Flor, 146
Diamond, I. A. L., 210, 374
Diamond, Dr. Moses, 262
Diamond, Muni, 210
Dibner, Charles, 278
Dickerson, Earl P., 198
Dickey, Harry, 233
Dickinson, Mrs. LaFell, 227
Dicks, Walter, 94
Dickson, Mrs. Virgil E., 194
Die Internationale, 242
Dies Committee, 96, 103, 104, 112, 178,
180, 320, 328, 330, 351, 390
Dies, Congressman Martin, 103, 232, 268
Dieterle, Mrs. Charlotte, 355
Dieterle, William, 170, 171, 279
Di Fiore, Joseph, 311, 314
Digg, Charles, 163
Di Giorgio Farms, 223, 33*6, 337
Dillcourt, John, 375
Dilworth, Senator Nelson S., 3, 8, 9, 10,
219
Di Misner, , 203
Dimitroff, George, 66, 124, 133, 190, 367
Dimitroff, Kondo, 205
Dimitrov, Georgi, 32
Dimock, Marshall, 354
Dimsdale, Howard, 374
Dippel, Mrs. Ann H., 16
Direction, 126, 224, 368
Disabled American Veterans, 41, 43, 386
Diskind, Louis, 213
Dispatcher, 218
District Champion, 224
Dituri, Frank, 179
Divine, Captain Lester J., 16
Division of Immigration and Housing,
Dixon, Dean, 198
Dixon, Mrs. Joseph, 146
Dmytryk, Edward, 97, 129, 159, 171, 183,
185, 190, 239, 251, 252, 276, 277,
279, 373, 374
Dobbs, Ben, 213
Dobbs, Rev. Malcolm, 163
Dodd, Bella, 163, 196, 212, 227, 228, 229,
270, 328, 340, 352, 391, 392
Dodd, Martha, 113, 114, 189, 208, 234,
244, 271, 353. 391
Dodd, Jr., William E., 141, 151, 163, 215,
239, 248, 350
Dohan, William, 164
Dolgin, Rabbi Simon A., 198
Dolla, Jacob, 265
Dombrowski, James, 113, 226
Dombrowski Medal, 100
Donaghue, Henry, 162
Donath, Ludwig, 356
Dondo, Dr. Mathurin, 185
Dong, Dr. Collin, 144
Doniger, Walter, 210
Donnelly, Roy M., 152, 249, 358, 359
Doraine, Charles, 162
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
409
Doran, D. A., 255
Doran, Dave, 196, 251
Doran, Sadie, 268
Dorfman, Zelda, 378
Dorland, Norman E.. 94
Dorner, Hannah, 262, 354
Douglas, Prof. Dorothy, 323
Douglas, Fred T., 107
Douglas, Dr. Harl R., 113
Douglas, Helen Gahagan, 132, 277
Douglas, Kirk, 210, 211
Douglas, Melvyn, 109, 135, 151, 152, 256,
257, 310, 375
Douglas, Paul H., 247, 327
Douglas, Mrs. William O., 278
Dowling, Richard A., 265
Downes, Olin, 262, 311, 317
Downtown Forum, 147, 148
Downtown Shopping News (Los
Angeles), 126
Doyle, Charles, 204. 205, 206, 209
Dragun, Kusma, 259
Drake, Alfred, 254
Drake, Victor, 356
Dramatic Work Shop, 392
Draper, Muriel, 97, 113, 114, 151, 163,
189, 208, 227, 228, 229, 230, 244,
248, 271, 323, 328, 350, 352, 353,
390
Draper, Paul, 59, 210, 378
Draper, Theodore, 198, 377
Drasnin, Charles, 215
Dra tier, Jay, 210, 279
Dreiser, Theodore, 109, 114, 151, 160,
162, 171, 201, 211, 239, 258, 267,
273, 310, 328, 338, 344, 351, 352,
357, 358, 359, 377, 390, 391
Dreyfus, Mr. and Mrs. Benjamin, 216
Driesen, Daniel, 141
Drucker, Hannah, 215
Drum, Mrs. Jack, 146
Drummond, Andrew, 198
Drury, Dr. Douglas R., 171
Dryer, Sherman, 196
Dubin, Harry N., 338
Dubin, Sidney, 356
Dubnoff, Mrs. Belle, 170, 177, 178
Dubnoff, Paul, 177
du Bois, Guy Pene, 262, 330
Dubois, Marcel, 343
Du Bois, Rachel, 227
Du Bois, W. E. B., 107, 113, 151, 198,
201, 208, 233. 248
Dubrowsky, D. H., 142
Duchon, Paul, 268
Dudley, Jane, 378
Dudrov, Paul, 184
Duel, Henry, 273
Duff, Howard, 210, 356
Dugan, James, 338
Dula, John, 375
Dumas, Leopold, 184
Dumke, Dr. Glenn S., 171
Du Mond, F. V., 330
Duncan, Cleo, 94
Duncan, Gregor, 196
Duncan, Lowell, 94
Dunfee, Marjorie, 356
Dunn, Prof. L. C., 323, 324
Dunn, Robert W., 107, 143, 151, 194, 201,
247, 265, 266, 270, 328, 357, 359
Dunn, Dr. Thomas, 94
Dunne, Mrs. Finley Peter, 277
Dunne, Peggy, 278
Dunne, Philip, 4, 135, 210, 256, 310, 372,
OITO
Dunne, William F., 107, 266
Dupont, Zeara, 248, 351
Durant, Kenneth, 247
Duranty, Walter, 326, 357
Durham, Prof, and Mrs. Willard H., 194
Du Shane, Donald. 262
Dutt, R. Palme, 194, 340
Duty, Frankie, 383
Duvivier, Julien, 271
Dyer, Dr. Brainerd, 171
Dykstra, Dr. Clarence A., 112, 113, 132,
170, 171, 324
Dykstra, Matthew, 94
Dzenit, John, 328, 352
Eagle Rock Council for Civil Unity, 353
Earl, Howard, 94
Earl, Robert ( See Earl Robinson)
Earle, Edward Meade, 247
Earnshaw, Catherine, 226, 228
Earnshaw, Mrs. Katherine, 227
East Bay Committee for Republican
Spain, 217
Eastman, Phil, 192
Eastside Journal, 224
East Side Youth Club of the Communist
Party, 214
Eaton, Walter P., 330
Ebell Club of Los Angeles, 15, 16. 18
Eckerson, Chelene V., 277, 278
Eckstein, Erma, 375
Ecmirbiam, Florita, 179
Economic Notes, 49, 224
Edelstein, Mrs. Jean, 16
Edises, Bertram, 215
Edises, Pete, 343
Edmond, Sue, 278
Edmund, Sue, 277
Edmunds. George ( See George E.
Williams)
Educational Committee on Americanism,
17,19
Edwards, George, 214
Edwards, G. W., 330
Edwards, India, 228
Edwards, Thyra, 228, 230
Egan, Jack, 94
Ehrenburg, Ilya, 199
Ehrlich, Theresa, 93, 95
Eickholt, A. E., 16
Eidsath, Rev. S. Martin, 183, 185
Eidusson, Sam, 179
Eiler, Major E. E., 16
Einfeld, Charles, 210, 211
Einstein, Albert, 244, 262, 310, 311, 324,
328
Eisenberg, Frances R., 177
Eisenberger, Sidney, 179
Eisler Defense Committee, 118
Eisler, Gerhart, 35, 100, 118, 122, 125,
134, 139, 166, 202, 204. 205, 206,
207, 208, 209, 226, 362, 363, 365,
368
Eisler, Hans, 189, 202, 224, 316, 317, 364,
377
Eisler Hits Back, 118
Elconin, Alice, 161
Elconin, William. 62, 164, 209. 346
Eldridge, Anita, 375
410
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Eldridge, Florence ( See Mrs. Frederic
March)
Electrical Workers' Union, C.I.O., 164
Eliot, Dr. Frederick May, 271, 322
Eliscu, Edward, 189
Elkus, Albert I., 328, 352
Ellington, Duke, 251
Elliot, Jesse, 16
Elliot, Scott, 356
Elliott, Edward E., 346, 355
Elliott, Ida, 214
Ellis, David, 356
Ellis, Francis, 277
Ellis, Fred, 270
Ellison, Naomi, 186
Ellison, Victor, 186
Ellsworth, Ted, 251, 255
Eloesser, Dr. Leo, 94, 114, 132, 328, 358,
390
Eloesser, Rikee, 278, 352
Eltenton, Dorothea, 171, 172, 176, 178
Eltenton, Dr. George C., 172, 173, 174,
176, 178, 237
Elton, Harry, 278
Embrey, Elizabeth, 179
Embrey, Garland, 179
Embury, Aymar I., 330
Emergency Action Conference, 203, 205
Emergency Civil Liberties Conference,
233, 234
Emergency Committee on KFI, 233
Emergency Conference to Halt the Black-
out of Civil Liberties in Cali-
fornia, 233
Emergency Peace Conference, 246
Emergency Peace Mobilization, 67, 115,
150, 165, 342
Emerson, Thomas I., 331
Emery, Dr. Clyde K., 170, 171
Emge, Dr. Ludwig A., 144
Empros, 224
Emspak, Julius. 198
Endore, Guy, 97, 114, 152, 189, 279, 357,
374
Enee, S., 328, 352
Engdahl, Louis, 142, 243, 266
Engelberg, Dr. Hyman, 346
Engels, Frederich, 372
Enger, Mrs. Eva O., 16
England, George, 356
English Friends of the Chinese People,
144
Englund, Ken, 251
Enock, Beatrice, 259
Entenza, John, 171, 355
Enters, Anga, 310
Ephron, Henry, 210
Ephron, Phoebe, 210
Epperson, Dr. J. Gordon, 16
Epstein, Abraham, 199
Epstein, Ethel, 226, 375
Epstein, Isaac, 259, 343
Epstein, Jack, 186
Epstein, Julius, 97, 210
Epstein, Lena, 343
Epstein, Max, 322
Epstein, Philip, 210
Equality, 119, 224
Equal Justice, 121, 155, 224
Eralova, Evdokia I., 231
Erickson, Edward A., 16
Erickson, Leif, 94
P>nst, Hugo, 114
Ernst, Morris L., 109, 110, 145, 199, 247
Erskine, Charles, 113, 391
Erskine, Dorothy, 341
Erskine, Mr. and Mrs. Herbert W., 194
Erskine, Morse, 5
Ertola, Dr. Charles A., 185
Estabrook, Howard, 97, 185, 372
Esterman, Priscilla M., 177
Esterman, William B., 105
Eteenpain, 224
Ethical Drug, 343
Eugene Debs Branch of the Communist
Party, 215
Evans, Alice, 278
Evans, Charles, 311, 313
Evans, Dr. E. Manfred, 171
Evergood, Philip, 262, 343
Evils of Tobacco, The, 96
Ewen, Frederic, 179
Ewert, Arthur, 363
Exiled Writers Committee, 141, 234, 270,
335
Ex-Servicemen's International, 385
Ex-Yank, 339
Eyck, Mills Ten, 324
Eyer, Courtland, 95
Eyer, Ronald F., 317
Faber, Dr. Harold, 144
Facts for Farmers, 224
Facts for Women, 225
Fadiman, William, 97
F.A.E.C.T., 173, 174
Fagelson, Pearl, 183, 259
Fainaru, Harry, 343
Fairchild, Prof. Henry Pratt, 109, 113,
114, 151, 169, 201, 208, 262, 203,
270, 322, 323, 324, 325, 327, 328,
333, 352, 357, 377
Fairchild, Mildred, 227, 230, 324
Fairfax City Council, 5
Fairfax Residents and Taxpayers
Association, 4, 5
Falange, 103
Falkowski, Ed, 273
Fallender, Alice, 356
Fallender, Syd, 356
Faragoh, Francis E., 97, 250, 256, 261,
378
Faragon, Elizabeth, 278
Farber, Richard, 244
Farber's Park View Manor, 344
Farm Research, 168
Farmer, Frances, 151, 277, 278, 310, 377
Farmer-Labor-Consumers' Association,
383
Farmer, Mary Virginia, 256, 316, 356
Farnham, Dr. E. C., 239
Farquhar, Samuel T., 258
Farr, Rev. Joyce Wesley, 185
Farrel, Dennie, 280
Farrell, James T., 194, 273, 330
Fascist Spain — The Nazi Valhalla, 217
Fassler, Arnold M., 185
Fast, Howard, 60, 132, 186, 231, 263,
343
Faster, Archie, 220
Faulkner, Barry, 330
Faulkner, William J., 320, 321
Faupel, Rev. A. D., 358, 359
F. B. I. ( See Federal Bureau of
Investigation)
Fearing, Dr. Franklin, 146, 149, 170, 171,
183, 184, 190, 201, 239, 253, 255,
258, 276, 279, 309, 346, 373
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
411
Fearing, Kenneth, 270, 273
Feder, Dr. Morris, 106, 160, 161
Federal Bureau of Investigation, 93, 97,
110, 116, 130, 134, 173, 174, 236,
274, 277, 332, 370
Federal Workers Local No. 245, CIO, 148
Federated Press, 49, 145
Federation of Architects, Engineers,
Chemists and Technicians, 7, 8,
52, 234, 235, 236, 298, 335
Federation Internationale Des Anciens
Combattants, 384
Federation of Scientists, 318
Federman, J. H., 268
Feffer, Col. I., 156
Feigan, Isidore, 259
Feinberg, Rabbi Abraham L., 328
Feingersh, Francis, 94
Feins, Bernard, 211
Feldman, J. Arnold, 339
Felhaber, Elmer, 162
Felis, James, 339
Fellowship of Reconciliation, 246
Felshin, Joseph, 214
Ferber, Edna, 240, 263. 330, 389
Ferguson, Isaac E., 265, 331
Ferno, John, 247
Ferrogiarco, Jerome, 94
Festus Coleman Committee, 172
Feuchtwanger, Lion, 131, 170, 183, 271,
276, 324, 350, 351, 358
Fiedler, Mrs. Sam, 317
Field, Ben, 189, 233, 273
Field, Mrs. Betty, 133, 168
Field, Frederick V., 113, 114, 143, 162,
164, 168, 198, 208, 226, 227, 270,
324, 340, 341, 343, 376, 377
Field, Mrs. Frederick V. (See Mrs. Betty
Field)
Field, Jane, 151
Field, Marshall, 109, 131
Field, Martin, 372
Field, Dr. Robert D., 322
Field, Mrs. Sarah Bard, 226, 328, 341,
352
Field, Jr., William O., 170, 248
Fielde, Gerald, 95
Fifteen Years of Biro Bidjan, 97
Fifth Congress of Youth, 351
Fight, 98, 124, 225, 366
Fight Thought Control, 58
Fighting Words, 193.
Files, James Ray, 352
Files, Mary, 16
Film and Photo League, 237, 238, 247
Film Audiences for Democracy, 52, 167,
193, 238
Film Front, 138
Film News, 225
Film Survey, 167, 238
Films for Democracy, 167, 193, 238, 239,
248, 341
Finch, Verdia, 203
Fine, Charles, 163
Fine, C. W., 333
Fine, Sylvia, 210
Fineman, Harold, 339
Fink, Werner, 205
Finn, Pauline Lauber, 260, 309
Finnish Federation, 224
Firestone, Bernie, 179
First Congress of Mexican and Spanish-
American Peoples, 166
First Presbyterian Church (Los Angeles),
280
First Unitarian Church of Los Angeles,
115, 160, 231, 280, 338, 344, 350,
353
First United States Congress Against
War, 150
First World Youth Congress, 180
Fischer, Harold Henry, 358
Fischer, Marjorie, 389
Fisher, Alice, 161
Fisher, Arthur, 265, 273
Fisher, Charles, 299
Fisher, Clyde, 248
Fisher, Dorothy Canfield, 109, 199, 228,
278, 330, 389
Fisher, Eugene, 355
Fisher, G. W., 16
Fisher, Hans, 378
Fisher, Prof. Harold M., 144
Fisher, Helen M., 271
Fisher, Hence, 195
Fisher, H. H., 328, 352, 377
Fisher, Prof. Irving, 271, 327
Fisher, Jacob, 299, 300
Fisher, Rachel, 299, 300
Fisher, Ruth, 179
Fisher, Vardis, 248
Fishier, Beatrice, 146
Fishman, Wallace, 94
Fitelson, William, 238
Fitzpatrick, Jr., Thomas, 13
Fizdale, Thomas, 254, 279
Flanagan, Hallie, 199, 278
Flanagan, John, 330
Flanner, Charlotte, 185
Flanner, Hildegarde, 341
Flanner, John, 94
Flaxer, Abram, 111, 114, 151, 162, 168,
176, 196, 200, 211, 328, 350, 351,
352, 375, 380, 381, 390
Fledderus, Mary L., 228
Fleinert, Martha, 184
Fleisher, Sidney, 240
Fleishhacker, Jr., Mrs. Mortimer, 144
Fleming, James A., 16
Flepsie, Carol, 179
Fletcher, Allan L., 226, 343
Fletcher, Rev. Joseph F., 322
Fliegel, Edward, 94
Flippin, Mr. and Mrs. Robert B., 194
Flores, Luis Diaz, 375
Flory, Ishmael P., 93
Fluellen, Joel, 356
Flynn, Elizabeth Gurley, 97, 200, 202,
213, 226, 228, 229, 230, 232, 247,
266, 328, 348, 351, 352, 390
Focus on Youth, 183
Fodain, Peter (See Peter Smodoff)
Fogg, Katharine, 113
Folks, Homer, 324
Folsom, Franklin, 141, 189, 359
Fonda, Henry, 210
Foner, Morris, 179
Foner, Philip, 179
Fong, B. S., 144
Fontaine, Joan, 254, 255
Food, Tobacco and Agricultural Workers,
38, 76, 212
Foote, Mary, 343
Forbes-Rebertson, Diana, 234
Ford, Ford Maddox, 274
Ford, James W., 153, 244, 245, 266, 386
412
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Ford, John Anson, 109, 239, 244
Ford, Robert, 94
Ford, Thomas F., 114, 181, 351
Forde, Dr. Welles, 355
Foreman, Carl, 316, 373
Foreman, Clark, 201, 318, 354
Foreman, Leon, 203
Forman, Harrison, 198
Forrest, — — , 220, 221
Forrest, Jim, 214
Forsyth, Margaret, 151
Forsythe, Robert (See Kyle Crichton),
168
For the Rescue of Refugees, 368
Fortieth Club, Communist Party, 259
Fortnightly Club, American Unitarian
Youth, Brooklyn, N. Y., 339
For the Rescue of Refugees, 166
For Whom the Bell Tolls, 100
Fort-Whitman, Lovett, 266
Fosdick, Rev. Harry Emerson, 109, 319
Foss, Bertha Josselyn, 327
Foster, Joseph, 268
Foster, William Z., 9, 29, 53, 107, 132,
145, 147, 153, 176, 212, 220, 221,
226, 244, 245, 246, 247, 266, 343,
357, 359
Foundations of Leninism, 29
Fougerouse, John, 287
Four Continent Book Corp, 49, 214
Four Hundred Million, 247.
Fourth American Writers' Congress, 102,
246
Fourth Congress of the Communist In-
ternational, 265
Fourth Congress of the League of Amer-
ican Writers, 275
Fourth National Convention of the Com-
munist Party, 142
Foutz, Dave, 279
Fox, Mary, 179
Fraenkel, Osmond K., 109, 200, 265, 270,
327, 331, 351
Francis, Willard Hall, 177
Franco, 218, 318
Franco Must Go, 217
Frank, Melvin, 210, 211
Frank, Waldo, 96, 132, 143, 179, 194, 244.
245, 266, 270, 273, 328, 338, 352
Frankel, J. Allen, 266, 332
Frankenstein, Alfred, 317
Frankenstein, Mr. and Mrs. Alfred, 194
Franklin, Francis, 186, 196
Franklin, Harold, 263
Franklin, Prof. Mitchell, 271
Franklin, Paul, 251
Franz Boas Lodge of the International
Workers Order in Los Angeles, 158
Fraternal Outlook, 49, 225
Frazier, E. Franklin, 181, 351
Frazier, Lynn J., 196, 248
Frederics, Van, 215
Freedom From Fear Committee, 35, 61,
239, 240, 241
Freed, Emil, 214, 223, 343, 384
Freedom Train, 110, 202
Free German Committee of Mexico, 119
Free Indonesian Committee, 218
Free Italy Society, 241, 259
Freeman, Elizabeth, 358, 359
Freeman, Frank N., 320
Freeman, Harry, 270, 328
Freeman, Jean, 146
Freeman, Joseph, 151, 194, 244, 273, 278,
333, 389
Freeman, Martha, 185
Freiberger, Fred, 356
Freidhofer, Hugo, 317
Freiheit, 49, 157, 242, 392
French Friends of the Chinese People.
144
French Sardine Company, 268
Fresco, David, 356
Freskin, Alex, 214
Fresno Bee, 14
Friday, 225, 342
Frieden, Meyer, 184, 185, 188, 190
Friedenrich, David, 216
Friedenthal, Isadore, 184
Friedman, Bob, 226
Friends of the Abraham Lincoln Bat-
talion (See Friends of the Abra-
ham Lincoln Brigade)
Friends of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade,
35, 48, 66, 93, 147, 157, 196, 197,
244, 382
Friends of the Campus, 186
Friends of the Chinese People, 143
Friends of Soviet Russia, 65, 142, 169,
242, 243, 244, 267, 357, 376
Friends of the Soviet Union, 35, 65, 123,
145, 169, 192, 196, 244, 246, 247,
321, 322, 324, 366
Frisselle, S. Parker, 16
Fritchman, Rev. Stephen H., 114, 115,
181, 198, 200, 208, 211, 241, 271,
318, 328, 344, 350, 351, 352, 353
Fritz, Mrs. Bernadine, 256
Fritz, Gerald, 356
Fritzbutler, James, 378
Frontier Films, 52, 96, 129, 247, 370, 371
Frost, C. F., 343
Frost, Dr. Lowell, 109
Frost, Mrs. Lowell C., 109, 277, 278
Fry, Varian, 333
Fulton, Kenneth I., 279, 355
Function of Culture, The, 311
Fund Raising Speaker, 217
Funt, Dorothy, 227
Furman, Maxine M., 314, 317
Furness, Lillian, 151, 277
Fuss, Oscar, 375, 383
Gable, Harris, 372
Gabrielson, John, 377
Gag, Wanda, 151, 189, 248, 322, 328, 352,
389
Gage, Loren, 356
Gailmor, William S., 131, 263
Galena Defense Committee, 34
Gallagher, Edward D., 268, 358, 359
Gallagher, Leo, 56, 113, 116, 148, 153,
165, 194, 201, 215, 244, 254, 265,
266, 267, 272, 308, 328, 332, 344,
346, 352, 358, 359, 390
Gallagher, Margolis, McTernan and Tyre,
177
Gallion, Dr. Arthur B., 171
Gallo, John, 186, 188
Galvin, Joe, 287
Gambs, James J., 16
Ganahl, Herbert, 375
Gandall, Matt, 355
Ganley, Nat, 212
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
413
Gannes, Harry, 107, 266, 273
Gannett, Betty, 213
Gannett, Lewis S., 145, 170, 247, 248, 387
Gannon, Chester F., 16
Gans, A., 273
Gantt, Dr. W. Horsley, 322, 328, 352
Ganz, Dr. Rudolph, 271, 311, 317, 328
Garber, Daniel, 330
Garcia, Rev. Juan, 185
Garcia, Marshall, 94
Gardner, Ava, 210
Gardner, Gene, 184
Gardner, Harold, 177
Gardner, Joseph, 151
Gardner, Leslie, 177
Gardner, Malcolm, 280
Gardner, Philip, 268
Gardner, Sam, 141, 170
Gardner, Virginia, 13, 177, 249, 260, 340,
342, 344, 345
Garfield, John, 198, 240, 251, 255, 358,
382
Garfield, Jules, 96, 97, 151, 377
Garland, Charles, 145
Garland Fund, 246, 247, 336, 357
Garland, James A., 145
Garland, Walter, 378
Garlin, Sender, 102, 266
Garn, Dr. Don C., 16
Garrett, Betty, 356
Garriga, Miguel, 151, 244
Garrison Films, 247, 248
Garrison Films Distributors, Inc., 247
Garrison III, Mrs. William Lloyd, 181
Garry, Charles, 163
Gartner, Irvin, 355
Garvanza Methodist Church (Los An-
geles), 280, 339
Gartz, Kate Crane, 109, 116, 151, l.~>2.
160, 328, 352, 358, 359
Garvey, Marcus, 333
Garvin, Stella, 227
Gaspar, Walter, 16
Gaspary, Vera, 357
Gates, Dr. Caleb F., 322
Gates, John, 94, 212, 213
Gatov, Paul D., 146, 149
Gatov, Mrs. Paul D., 146, 149
Gaulden, Rose, 212
Gauss, Dean Christian, 322, 324
Gautt, Kathryn, 259
Gayle, Mrs. Margaret, 163
Gaylord, Donald F., 377
Gaynor, Gus, 185
Gebert, Bill, 385
Geddes, Virgil, 238, 278, 389
Geist, Jack, 339
Geisz, Henry W., 386
Gelders, Joseph S., 122
Gellert, Hugo, 168, 189, 194, 270, 328
Gellhorn, Martha, 389
Gellhorn, Walter, 109, 331, 341
Gelsey, Irwin, 210
George, Daisy, 228
George, Harrison, 97, 176, 266, 342
George, Paul, 383
George Washington Battalion, 93
Gerber, Aaron T., 377
Gerber, Serril, 179
Gerbert, Boleslaw, 326
Gerbode, Mrs. Frank, 194
Gerlach, Anthony, 268
Gerlach, Fred, 339
German- American, 225
German-American Bund, 74, 349, 351
Gershwin, George, 238
Gershwin, Ira, 211, 251, 252, 317, 358
Gershwin, Mrs. Ira, 14, 97, 255, 277, 278
Gerson, Dr. T. Percival, 170, 358, 359
Gerson Supporters, 34
Gerstein, Evelyn, 278
Gervasi, Mrs. Frank, 168
Gervin, Gloria, 184
Gesange Sarein, 392
Gesas, Madeline, 211
Gessell, Dr. Arnold, 227
Gessner, Robert, 97
Geyer, Lee E., 244, 351
Gibbons, H. J., 320
Gibbs, Dorothy, 356
Gibbs, Isobel, 356
Gibney, Sheridan, 210, 211, 251, 276, 374
Gibson, Julie, 183, 356
Gidlow, Elsa, 4, 5, 6, 7, 193, 358
Giggins, Okey, 343
Gilbert, Mrs. Ester, 200
Gilbert, Jane, 343
Gilbert, Jody, 97, 356
Giles, Barbara, 340
Gillert, Hugo, 266
Gillmor, Dan, 141, 327
Gillmore, Frank, 181
Gilluly, Dr. James, 171
Gilman, Beryl, 196
Gilrnan, James W., 95
Gilwarg, Esther, 228
Gimbel, Mrs. Elinor S., 131, 168, 227,
228, 229, 230
Ginsburg, Dr. H. M., 16
Giovannie, Don, 356
Gitlow, Ben, 10, 243, 247, 266, 357
Gladstein, Richard, 8, 209, 215, 281, 299,
332
Gladstone, Charles, 62, 209
Glas Noroda, 269
Glass, Dr. Charles H., 16
Glass, Mrs. Joseph, 146
Glass, Lester, 278
Glasser, Albert, 317
Glazer, Pearl, 184
Glazer, Tom, 392
Gleason, James, 254
Gleason, Leverett L., 132
Gleason, Lucille, 277, 278
Gleason, Mrs. Russell, 251
Gleichman, Hack, 220
Glenn, Albert E., 95
Gley, Charles E., 162
Glick, Robert H., 279
Glos Ludowy, 225
Glover, Edmond, 356
Gluck, Alma, 311
Glynn, Charles, 356
Goarwitch, Joseph, 177
Goddard, Howard, 94, 233
Goddard, Paulett, 210, 250
Godfrey, Katherine, 378
Godowsky, Leopold, 311
Goeffrion, Victor, 311
Goetschius, Dr. Percy, 311
Goff, Irving, 213
Gold, Ben, 107, 151, 194, 196, 200, 244,
248, 324, 328, 351, 352
Gold, Dr. Herman, 353
Gold, Michael, 97, 117, 151, 194, 226, 245,
270, 273, 278, 338, 392
Goldberg, Anya, 279
Goldberg, B. Z., 196, 323
414
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Goldberg, Freda, 277
Goldberg, Jay, 210
Goldberg, Leo A., 198
Goldblatt, Louis, 160, 200, 249, 328, 351,
352, 31)0
Goldburg, Jesse J., 210
Golden Book of American Friendship
with the Soviet Union, 65, 169,
248, 366
Golden, Clinton S., 247, 320
Goldenberg, Harold, 215
Goldfrank, Herbert, 246, 261, 340
Goldman, Ben, 375
Goldman, Bess, 146
Goldman, Harold, 310
Goldman, Sol, 352
Goldner, Dr. Sanford, 170, 177, 231
Goldring, Benjamin, 201
Goldschmidt, Dr. Alfonso, 248
Goldsmith, Cornelia, 227
Goldsmith, Leonard, 162
Goldstein, Mrs. Bessie, 146
Goldstein, Jack, 94
Goldstein, Rabbi Sidney E., 181, 193
Gollobin, Ira, 318
Golschmann, Vladimir, 317
Goltz, William L., 344
Gomberg, Frances Adams, 357
Gomez, Antonie, 94
Gomez, Manuel, 106, 143, 273
Gonnick, Louis, 220
Gonzalez, Jaime ( See Jaime Gonzalez-
Monroy)
Gonzalez-Monroy, Jaime, 146, 202, 375
Good-Bye Christ, 353
Goodlaw, Dr. E. L, 344
Goodlett, Dr. Carleton, 216
Goodley, Mrs. William, 355
Goodman, Benny, 210, 317
Goodman, Mrs. Gertrude, 14
Goodman, Harriette, 185
Goodman, Irvin, 265, 266
Goodman, Jack, 377
Goodman, Morris, 203
Goodman, Sadie, 203
Goodrich, Frances, 355
Goodsell, Willystone, 199
Goold. Rev. Arthur T., 392
Goolsby, A. B., 62
Goossens, Eugen, 317
Gordis, Robert, 320, 321
Gordon, Dr. Asher, 216
Gordon, Bernard, 374
Gordon, Clark, 356
Gordon, Eugene, 194, 266, 273
Gordon, Louis, 196
Gordon, Max, 343
Gordon, Michael, 104, 210, 276
Gordon, Miriam, 179
Gordon, R. A., 328, 352
Gorelick, Mordecai, 238, 276, 278, 378
Gorki, Maxim, 266
Gorlich, , 203
Gorman, Francis J., 179, 244, 248, 333
Gorman, John, 337
Gorman, Stella, 337
Gorney, Jay, 97, 189, 215, 256, 317
Gorney, Sondra, 343
Gorodnitzky, Sascha, 311
Gostin, Irwin, 184
Gottesman, Frederick A., 259
Gottlieb, Dorothy, 228, 230
Gottlieb, Victor, 317
Gottwald, 66
Gough, Lloyd, 356
Gould, Barbara, 188
Gould, Kenneth M., 196
Gould, Morton, 240, 317
Gow, Esther Allen, 328
Gowen, Emmett, 389
Grabel, Terry, 186
Grachev, Alexander P., 171
Graef, Hugo, 384, 385
Graff. Fred, 356
Graham, Dr. Frank P., 114, 151, 199, 319,
334, 335
Graham, Garrett, 374
Graham, Jack, 339
Graham, John A., 16
Graham, Lee, 356
Graham, Dr. Malbone, 171
Graham, Martha, 310
Granata, Lillian, 259
Granger, Lester, 193, 375
Granich, Max, 198. 270
Grant, David, 186, 214
Grant, Howard, 249
Grant, Samuel A., 94
Grattan, C. Harley, 196
Grau, Gilbert, 317
Grauer. Ben, 263
Graves, Elsa, 187
Graves, Mortimer, 169, 170, 324
Graves, William S., 170, 248
Grawoig, Shirley, 184
Gray, Herman A., 331
Gray, Rose Marie, 220
Great Conspiracy Against Russia, The,
326
Great Madness, The, 245
Greater Boston Committee for the Boy-
cott of Japanese Goods, 115
Greater Boston Peace Strike Committee,
334, 335
Greater New York Emergency Committee
Conference on Inalienable Rights,
61. 112, 121, 122, 319, 320, 334
Green, Betty ( See Mrs. Robert Miller
Green)
Green, Buddy, 214
Green. Elizabeth, 339
Green. Frank, 63
Green, Gil, 181, 182, 212
Green, Howard J., 255
Green, John, 248, 251, 252, 255, 257, 310,
317
Green, J. T., 259
Green, Mark, 16
Green, Paul, 261
Green, Robert Miller, 185
Green, Mrs. Robert Miller (formerly
Betty McGregor), 182, 184, 185
Greenbaum, Betty, 214
Greenbaum, Isidore, 214
Greenbaum, Morris, 261
Greenberg, Bob, 340
Greenberg, Carl (L. A. Examiner), 332
Greenberg, Dr. Fred, 344
Greenberg, Jack, 332
Greenberg, Simon, 320, 321
Greenburg, Jack Carl, 332
Greene, E. P., 198
Greenfield, Alice, 375
Greenfield, E. C., 383
Greenfield, Rabbi Ernest E., 198
Greenhill, Jack, 279
Greenhoot, Bob, 357
Greenschpoon, Kate, 170
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
415
Greenslet, Ferris, 330
Greenwich Village Mass Meeting for
Peace, 392
Greer, Rev. Owen M., 241
Gregarie, Almon, 94
Gregg, Bishop J. A., 201
Gregory, Horace, 248, 270, 273
Gregory, Todd, 311, 312
Gregory, Mrs. Warren, 145
Grenell, Horace, 270, 392
Grennard, Eleanor, 146, 148
Grennard, Elliot, 148
Griffey, Arthur A., 8, 281, 282
Griffin, Kathleen, 185, 195
Griffith, Thomas Lee, 254
Grobstein, Mrs. A. J., 279
Gromyko, Andrei, 177, 353
Gromyko, Mrs. Xenia, 177
Gropper, Mrs. Sophie, 227
Gropper, William, 97, 132, 141, 151, 159,
163, 168, 176, 189, 196, 208, 248,
261, 270, 310, 340, 353
Grosbauer, Leslie A., 4, 5, 7
Gross, Eddie, 343
Grossman, Aubrey, 147, 213, 236, 265,
332
Grossman, Mrs. Aubrey, 377
Grossman, Mrs. Foley, 151
Grossman, Hazel, 236, 343
Groth, Alexandria, 177
Groth, John, 196
Group Theater, 52, 105
Grover, Bertha, 220
Grover, Bob, 220
Gruenberg, Louis, 330
Gruenberg, Maurice, 356
Gruenberg, Mrs. Sidonie M., 227, 228
Gruening, Ernest, 247
Gruliow, Leo, 326
Grundfast, Leo, 184
Guerard, Dr. Albert, 216
Guggenheimer, Mrs. J. C., 266
Gugler, Eric, 330
Guild Bulletin, 128
Guinier, Ewart G., 339
Gukowsky, L., 268
Gullotta, Frances, 188
Gundlach, Ralph H., 328, 377
Gusick, Jon, 356
Gustafson, Mrs. C. V., 277
Guthrie, Woody, 343, 392
Guyler, Alvin R., 375
Gvorak, Mic, 269
H
Hacker, Louis, 179
Hadsell, Miss Geraldine B., 16
Hagedorn, H., 330
Hagen, Uta, 210
Hague, Al, 311, 313
Hahn, Whittier, 220
Hale, Annie Riley, 358, 359
Hale, Richard, 356
Hale, Robert L., 265
Hale, Gus, 212
Hall, Martin, 357
Hall, Robert F., 233, 343
Hall, R. A., 5
Hall, Robin, 5, 7
Hall, Sidney, 4, 5
Hall, Dr. Victor, 185
Halliday, John, 356
Halper, Albert, 248, 274
Halpern, Ray, 220
Halprin, Morris A., 355
Hamburg, Mr. and Mrs. Sam, 194
Hamilton, Bob, 185
Hamilton, James Shelley, 278
Hamilton, Maynard, 106, 160
Hammer, Alvin, 356
Hammer, Arthur B., 17
Hammer, Lou, 17
Haminerstein, II, Oscar, 240, 241, 250,
256, 263, 392
Hammett, Dashiell, 96, 97, 113, 141, 163,
200, 226, 234, 239, 244, 248, 310,
327, 328, 351, 377, 391
Hammett, Jr., J. W., 339
Hammond, John, 311
Hammond, Jr., John, 392
Hammond, Marion, 215
Hammond, Rev. P. M., 377
Hancock, Hershel, 259
Hancock, Walker, 330
Hand, Learned, 324
Handelsman, William D., 282, 292
Handy, Dorothy, 377
Hanlon, Bert, 356
Hanns Eisler Branch (Communist Party),
224
Hansborough, Ray, 213
Hanson, Howard, 311, 317, 390, 391
Harap, Louis, 119
Harburg, E. Y. (Yip), 116, 202, 251, 252,
254, 258, 279, 330, 392
Hardgrove, Robert, 195
Hardy, George, 249
Hardy, Howard, 233
Hardy, Jack, 270
Hardyman, Hugh, 109, 110
Hardyman, Susan I., 177
Hare, Marie, 317
Hariet Tubman Communist Party Club,
Harisiades, Peter, 204
Harkavy, Minna, 261
Harland, John (See Charles Evans)
Harley, Dr. J. Eugene, 171
Harlow, S. Ralph, 248
Harnish, Charlotte, 375
Harriman, Mrs. Borden, 322, 324
Harris, Alex, 285, 300, 308
Harris, Mrs. Ed, 146
Harris, Franklin E., 248
Harris, Sr., Gerald, 162
Harris, Harvey, 17
Harris, Janet, 281
Harris, Jed, 188
Harris, Joe, 285
Harris, Mrs. Lawrence, 144
Harris, Lem, 213, 244, 333
Harris, Louis, 251, 255
Harris, Milton, 146
Harris, Roy, 311, 330, 357
Harris, Thomas L., 170, 171, 322, 323,
357
Harris, Vera, 249, 310
Harrison, Caleb, 242
Harrison, Pauline, 179
Harrison, William, 163
Harry Bridges, 133
Harry Bridges Defense Committee, 96,
147, 248, 253
Harry Bridges Victory Committee, 56
Harry's Barbecue Drive-in, 343
Hartley, Walter E., 171
416
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Hart, Henry, 194, 244
Hart, Marian, 194
Hart, Moss, 210, 240, 241, 262, 322
Hart, Pearl M., 93, 95, 114, 211, 226, 265,
272, 328, 332, 377
Hartman, Don, 251, 255
Hartman, Jacob W., 142
Hartman, Bishop Lewis O., 115
Hartmann, Arthur, 311
Harvard University, 100
Harvath, Ralph, 306
Harvey, George, 312, 314
Harvey, Ken, 356
Hasiwar, Henry E., 13, 337
Haskell, Dr. Harold, 355
Haskell, Oliver, 151
Hass, George, 221
Hassell, Carolyn, 185
Hassid, Prof, and Mrs. W. Z., 194
Hassler, Mr. and Mrs. John, 194
Hastings College of Law, 95
Hatchard, Charles, 377
Hathaway, Clarence A., 97, 151, 176, 181,
194, 244, 245, 266, 333
Hathaway, Marion, 271, 278, 328, 375
Haufrect, Herbert, 392
Havel, John, 215
Hawes, Bess, 392
Hawes, Elizabeth, 327
Hawkins, Augustus F., 152, 183, 198,
267, 309, 344, 355, 375, 378
Hawley, Betty, 226
Haws, Elizabeth, 226
Hax, May, 5
Hayden, Sterling, 211
Hayes, Alfred, 274
Hayes, Ellen, 266
Hayes, Helen, 263
Hayes, Dr. J. H., 202
Haynes, Jackson, 94
Hays, Aline Davis, 114, 163, 277, 278,
328, 359
Hays, Arthur Garfield, 96, 107, 109, 110,
199, 201, 228, 240, 249, 270
Hays, Lee, 392
Hays, Mary, 343
Hayward, Mr. and Mrs. George, 194
Hayworth, Rita, 210, 251, 255, 375
Health and Hygiene, 225
Healy, Don, 106, 152, 160, 249, 272
Healy, Dorothy (Dorothy Ray), 7, 213,
235, 272, 384
Healy, Ned, 183
Hear About the U.S.S.R., 102
Hearn, Lawrence, 198
Hearst, William Randolph, 333
Heart of Spain, 247
Heath, H. T., 199
Hecht, Ben, 234, 273, 352, 358
Hecht, Harold, 355
Hedley, David, 8, 195
Hedrick, Travis K., 226, 343
Heenan, Barry, 356
Heffernan, Dr. Helen, 171
Heflin, Van, 210
Heide, Paul, 200, 351
Heide, Mr. and Mrs. Paul, 194
Heide, Ruby, 185
Heifetz, Jascha, 317
Heilbrun, Joe, 62
Heist, A. A., 109, 249, 377
Heist, Mrs. A. A., 277, 278
Heist, Aaron Allen (See A. A. Heist)
Heit, Lou, 378
Helfand, Ella, 259
Helferd, Norris, 259
Hellenic American Brotherhood, IWO,
204
Hellenic American Brotherhood (Youth
Committee), 338
Hellenic American Veterans of World
War II, 339
Heller, A. A., 151, 261, 270, 376
Heller, Isaac S., 265
Hellgren, Nora, 276
Hellman, Lillian, 96, 97, 101, 113, 141,
152, 176, 234, 239, 244, 248, 249,
262, 265, 277, 278, 324, 327, 330,
353, 354, 358, 377, 391
Hellman, Sidney, 327
Hemingway, Ernest, 100, 234, 247, 310
Hemingway, Captain Henry, 5
Hemsley, Violetta M., 185
Henderson, Dr. A. D., 322, 325
Henderson, Bob, 311, 313
Henderson, Donald, 114, 151, 162, 186,
200, 208, 244, 328, 337, 351, 352,
390
Henderson, Rev. J. Raymond, 183, 185,
190
Henderson, R. W., 265
Hendley, Charles J., 151, 179
Hendricks, Agnes, 266
Hendricks, Frank, 195
Hendrickson, Alice, 352
Hendrickson, Esther, 17
Henley, Dr. David E., 171
Henreid, Paul, 210, 241, 357, 378
Henry, Hebert (See Herbert Lessner)
Henry, John, 215
Henson, Vivian N., 356
Hepburn, Katharine, 58, 59, 210
Hepburn, Mrs. Thomas N., 322
Herbert, F. Hugh, 372, 374
Herbert, Mrs. Hugh, 277
Herberts, Rev. Herbert L., 164
Herbst, Josephine, 95, 194, 248, 266, 270,
273, 277
Herendeen, Lee, 184
Herman Boettcher Branch of the Com-
munist Party, 215
Herman, Francis, 94
Herman, George, 280
Herman, Sam, 273
Hermann, John, 273
Herndon, Angelo, 122, 136, 155, 181, 182,
189, 192, 196, 201, 266, 315, 364
Herrera, Francis, 185
Herrick, Rober, 274
Herring, Prof. Hubert, 109
Herrmann, Bernard, 317, 318
Hersey, John, 240
Herstein, Lillian, 107, 273
Hertz, Alfred, 311
Hertz, David, 372
Hertzberg, Sidney, 334
Herzberg, Fred, 146
Hesse, Walter, 8, 281
Hibben, Paxton, 107
Hickerson, Clyde V., 328
Hickerson, Harold, 226, 333, 386
Hicks, Granville, 151, 194, 199, 244, 245,
248, 273, 389
Higginbotham, Dr., 318
Higgins, Eugene, 330
Hilberman, Max, 344
Hildebrandt, Fred H., 333
Hilgard, Ernest R., 377
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
417
Hill, Rev. Charles A., 201
Hill, Dr. Charles W., 183
Hill, Gerald, 185
Hill, Howard (See Harry Selsam)
Hill, Dr. Leslie Pinckney, 322
Hill, Preston, 94
Hill, T. Arnold, 375
Hill, Willis J., 183, 202, 383
Hille, Waldemar, 392
Hillman, Sidney, 114, 145, 243, 247, 324,
Hillman, Mrs. Sidney, 227, 228
Hilton, Ned, 266
Himes, Professor Norman E., 176
Hinckley, William W., 180
Hindemith, Paul, 330
Hindus, Maurice, 114, 341
Hirohito, 78
Hirsch, Alean, 170
Hirsch, Alfred, 328
Hirshfield, Al, 240
Hirt, Charles C., 171
Hiss, Bernard G., 17
History of the Communist Party of
Russia, 326
History Today, Inc., 248
Hitchcock, George, 220, 342
Hitchcock, Marjorie, 220
Hitler, Adolph, 32, 33, 44, 64, 78, 103,
108, 144, 151, 154, 155, 158, 161,
162, 165, 247, 249, 250, 252, 258,
275, 283, 290, 307, 321, 332, 351,
Hitler-Stalin Pact (See Stalin-Hitler
Pact)
Hixson, William, 163
Hoag, Esther, 353
Hobart College, 391
Hobart, Rose, 14, 104, 105, 209, 259, 355,
356
Hobson, Loyal A., 185
Hochheimer, Rita, 193
Hochman, Julius, 179
Hocking, Prof. William Ernest, 324
Hodess, Samuel, 375
Hodghead, Lillian, 185
Hoff, Harold, 94
Hoffman, Bob, 356
Hoffman, John M., 17
Hoffman, Joseph, 210
Hoffman, Malvina, 330
Hoijer, Dr. Harry, 103, 170, 171, 183,
202, 279, 318, 375
Holcombe, Arthur, 179
Holden, Lawrence, 356
Hollander, Sidney, 375
Holliday, Judy, 392
Hollister, Carol, 184, 311, 317
Hollister, David, 184
Holloway, C. C., 17
Holly, William H., 186, 273
Hollywood Actors' Laboratory School,
95
Hollywood Anti-Nazi League, The, 51, 67,
105, 135, 158, 166, 188, 231, 249,
250, 251, 255, 256, 257, 312, 313,
341, 371
Hollywood Arts, Sciences and Profes-
sions Council of the Progressive
Citizens of America, 59, 129, 136,
148, 346
Hollywood Branch of the League of
American Writers, 192
28— L-7088-D
Hollywood Canteen, 317
Hollywood Chapter of the League of
American Writers, 137, 158, 191
Hollywood Citizen News, 15, 172, 205,
369
Hollywood Community Radio Group, 105
Hollywood Democratic Club, 221, 222
Hollywood Democratic Committee, 51, 63,
135, 138, 166, 250, 251, 252, 253,
255, 257, 371
Hollywood Forum, 104, 119, 135
Hollywood Independent, 225
Hollywood Independent Citizens Commit-
tee of the Arts, Sciences and Pro-
fessions, 51, 105, 116, 139, 149,
225, 252, 253, 254, 255, 308
Hollywood League Against Nazi-ism,
249, 255
Hollywood League of American Writers,
Holly wood League for Democratic Ac-
tion, 154, 159, 167, 168, 251, 255
Hollywood League of Women Shoppers,
278
Hollywood Motion Picture Alliance, 59
Hollywood Motion Picture Committee of
The National Council of Amer-
ican-Soviet Friendship, 123
Hollywood Motion Picture Democratic
Committee, 38, 51, 135, 251, 252,
253, 255, 256, 257, 311, 384
Hollywood Now, 158
Hollywood Peace Council ( See American
Peace Mobilization)
Holly wood Peace Forum, 154, 155, 159,
160
Hollywood Quarterly, 257, 258, 369, 373
Hollywood Reporter, 132, 172, 189, 210,
274, 355, 360
Hollywood Town Forum, 137
Hollywood Town Meeting, 155
Hollywood Victory Committee, 95
Hollywood Women's Council, 221
Hollywood Writers Mobilization, 52, 56,
58, 105, 127, 128, 129, 131, 135,
137, 158, 159, 189, 192, 258, 259,
260, 261, 275, 359, 360, 369, 373,
389
Holman, Pauline, 277
Holmer, Eleanor, 161
Holmes, Rev. John Haynes, 333
Holmgren, Roderick B., 342
Holt, Joe, 285
Holther Report, 148
Homer, Louise, 311
Homer, Sidney, 311
Homes, John Haynes, 244
Honeycombe, John G., 94
Hong, Rev. Lee S., 144
Honig, N., 268
Hooker, Helene M., 258
Hoover, J. Edgar, 110, 134, 277, 332, 370
Hopkins, Miss Annabel, 182
Hopkins, David, 210
Hopkins, Harry, 235
Hopkins, Meriam, 251, 263
Hopkinson, Charles, 330
Hopp, Beatrice, 339
Horn, Marguerite, 17
Hornblow, Arthur, 251, 255
Home, Hal, 211
Home, Lena, 198, 202, 203, 241, 255, 311,
316, 317, 355, 392
418
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Horner, Jacqueline, 350
Horneck, Helen, 356
Horton, Alice, 187
Horton, Lester, 343
Horton, Dr. Walter M., 322
Horyath, Mrs. Theresa, 204
Hosie, Laurence, 193
Hoskins, Mrs. Alice, 355
Hosmer, Helen, 4
Hotel and Restaurant Workers Union,
115
Houk, William C., 328, 352
Hour, 225
Hourihan, Martin, 375
Houseman, John, 188, 210, 211, 251, 255,
392
Housmer, Jerry, 356
Houston, Charles H., 265, 386
Houston, George, 317
Houston, John, 210, 240
Houston, Norman, 239
Houston, Dr. Percy, 171
Houston, Walter, 240, 251, 255
Hovey, Serge, 317
Howard, Dr. B. F., 359
Howard, Cecil, 330
Howard, Charles, 383
Howard, Gertrude G., 171
Howard, Kenneth, 184, 343
Howard, Maurice, 62
Howard, Milton, 233, 343
Howard, Sidney, 238, 278
Howard, Wilford, 195
Howe, Anne, 278
Howe, James Wong, 198
Howe, M. A., 330
Howe, Mary, 317
Howe, Quincy, 179
Howell, Dr. Clarence V., 333
Howell, R. A., 198
How I Came to Communism, 245
How Man Became a Giant, 326
Hrdlicka, Dr. Ales, 322
Hu, T. Y., 273
Huber, Louie R., 4
Huberman, Edward, 151, 208
Hubler, Richard G., 372
Hubley, John, 192
Hudson, Dr. H. Claude, 198, 199, 200,
202, 230, 241, 271, 272, 279, 355
Hudson, Manley O., 247
Hudson, Roy, 244, 245
Huebsch, B. W., 248
Huebston, Jean, 339
Huff, Paul, 17
Hughes, Conde, 377
Hughes, Dorothy, 357
Hughes, Rev. Fred A., 249
Hughes, John B., 198, 254
Hughes, Langston, 97, 107, 114, 132, 148,
162, 169, 179, 186, 193, 194, 196,
198, 244, 245, 263, 266, 273, 278,
324, 328, 352, 353, 389, 390
Hughes, Margaret E., 109
Huhn, John, 62
Hull, Morgan, 207
Hull, Secretary, 191
Hullihen, Dr. Walter, 324
Humphreys, Rolphe, 389
Hunt, Boston, 284, 285, 287, 288, 289,
290, 306
Hunt, Dean R. D., 171
Hunt, Henry T., 108, 114, 265
Hunt, Jr., John, 339
Hunt, Marsha, 60, 210
Hunter, Alice, 255
Hunter, Rev. Allen, 109, 110
Hunter, Kim, 240
Hunter, Tookie, 96, 151
Hurley, Miss Edith, 228
Hurok, Sol, 311
Hurwitz, Leo T., 238, 247
Hurwitz, Pauline, 375
Huston, John, 241
Huston, Walter, 183, 255
Hutchins, Grace, 266
Hutchins, Dr. Herk L., 17
Hyam, Jack, 356
Hyman, Evelyn C., 266
Hynes, Harry, 156
I
Ibanez, Richard A., 241, 355
Ibarruri, Dolores, 228
I.C.C.A.S.P. (See Independent Citizens
Committee of the Arts, Sciences
and Professions)
/ Change Worlds, 107
Ickes, Harold L., 103, 129, 158, 167, 168,
181, 324, 361
/cor, 49, 145, 225, 261
Ilin, M., 326
Illinois State Advisory Board of the In-
ternational Labor Defense, 93
lima, Viola, 180, 227
Imes, Rev. William Lloyd, 333
Improved Order of Red Men, 15, 16
Independent, 103, 129, 225
Independent Citizens Committee of the
Arts, Sciences and Professions, 38,
52, 63, 103, 129, 136, 158, 159,
167, 168, 192, 225, 262, 318, 353,
354 371
Independent Order of Odd Fellows, 15,
1 ft "1 ft
Independent Progressive Party, 41, 62
Independent Students' Political Action
Committee, 219
Independent Voters of Illinois, 354
Independent Voters of New Hampshire,
354
India News, 259
Indman, Nina, 382
Indonesian Association, 218
Indonesian Review, 225
Industrial Journal, 225
Industrial Union Council, 160
Industrial Workers of the World, 70, 246
In Fact, 36, 49, 86, 148, 225
Information Bulletin, 225
Ingersoll, Raymond C., 201, 323
Ingersoll, Mrs. Raymond V., 334, 335
Inglehart, Robert, 113
Ingram, Rex, 132, 151, 183, 239, 251, 255,
377
Inland Boatmen's Union of the Pacific,
212
In Place of Profit, 246
Institute for American Democracy, 264
Institute for Democratic Education, Inc.,
263, 264
Institute for Pacific Relations, 41, 162,
172, 177, 325
International Alliance of Theatrical Stage
Employees, A. F. of L., 15, 16
International Association of War Vet-
erans, 384, 385
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
419
International Book Store, 224
International Brigade, 93, 94, 205
International Committee on African Af-
fairs, 75, 320
International Congress of Women, 227,
228
International Democratic Women's Fed-
eration, The, 54, 229, 232
International Federation of Architects,
Engineers, and Technicians, 212
International Juridicial Association, 35,
52, 265, 331
International Labor Defense, 47, 48, 55,
61, 93, 95, 103, 107, 110, 112, 113,
121, 122, 130, 134, 142, 143, 145,
155, 156, 159, 191, 201, 202, 203,
223, 225, 265, 266, 267, 315, 316,
319, 329, 330, 331, 335, 362, 364,
365, 375
International Labor Defense News, 35,
93
International Ladies Garment Workers'
Union, 383
International Literature, 156, 371
International Longshoremen's and Ware-
housemen's Union, 212, 217, 285
International Longshoremen Workers
Union, 163
International Press Correspondence, 243
384
International Programs, 392
International Publishers, 36, 49, 120, 145,
194, 214, 324, 369
International Red Aid, 155, 265
International Union of Fisherman, and
Allied Workers of America, 212
International Union of Fur and Leather
Workers, 212
International Union of Mine, Mill and
Smelter Workers, 212
International Union of Revolutionary
Theatre, 128, 167, 278, 367, 370
International Union of Revolutionary
Writers, 99, 126, 135, 156, 157,
167, 191, 274, 368, 371
International Union of Students, 187
International Women's Day, 226
International Women's Conference, 332
International Workers Order, 35, 38, 47,
73, 98, 102, 103, 122, 123, 130, 134,
136, 142, 145, 158, 192, 196, 197,
204, 207, 216, 218, 225, 259, 267,
268, 269, 271, 318, 323, 354, 355,
358, 378, 382
Internationale Des Anciens Comlattants
(See International Association of
War Veterans)
Internationale Roode Hulp, 265
Internationale Rote Hilfe, 265
Inter-Professional Association, 6, 172
Inter-Professional Association Bulletin, 6
Interprofessional Association for Social
Insurance, 73, 115
Interracial Coordinating Council of New
York, 201
loannou, H. P., 259
I. P. P., 62
Ireland, John, 356
Irvine, George F., 185, 195, 376
Irwin, Ben, 96
Irwin, Inez Hays, 278
Isaacs, Stanley M., 244, 324, 327, 375
Isaacs, Mrs. Stanley, 227, 228
Is America Blind, 20
/ Saw the Russian People, 326
Isserman, Abraham J., 226, 249, 259,
260, 265, 270, 327, 328, 331, 332,
352, 377
Isserman, Rabbi Ferdinand M., 201
Ivanov, Soviet Vice Consul, 172, 173
Ivens, Joris, 114, 247
Ives, Berle, 392
Ives, Charles, 317, 330
I. W. O. (See International Workers
Order)
I. W. W., 70, 246
Izac, Ed V., 181, 351
Jack, Hulan E., 202
Jackins, Helen, 215
Jackson, Alvin P., 198, 355
Jackson, Burton, 378
Jackson, Calvin, 183, 317
Jackson, Erie, 94
Jackson, Gardner, 109, 181, 351, 386
Jackson, James, 212
Jackson, Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Henry, 194
Jackson, Dr. Leta B., 17
Jacobi, Frederick, 311
Jacobi, Helen, 376
Jacobs, Lewis, 276
Jacobson, Elsie, 146
Jacobson, I., 355
Jacobson, Mrs. William, 278
Jaffee, Paul, 317
Jaffe, Philip J., 198, 208, 323, 353
Jaffe, Sam, 151
Jaffe, Teresa F., 376
James, Mr. and Mrs. Dan, 279
James, Ed, 17
James, Joseph, 185
James, Philip, 311, 330
Janssen, Werner, 317
Jarrico, Paul, 189, 214, 249, 328, 352
J. B. S. Haldane Club of the Communist
Party, 215
Jefferson Chorus, 392
Jefferson School of Social Science, 168,
269, 270
Jeffery, John, 376
Jeffrey, John E., 6, 234
Jencks, Dr. Millard H., 322
Jenkins, Bill, 185
Jenkins, David, 235, 236
Jenkins, Mr. and Mrs. David, 194
Jenkins, Essex G., 15
Jenkins, Kenneth, 339
Jennings, Talbot, 251, 372
Jenofsky, A., 196
Jensen, Peter, 273
Jerome, V. J. (See Isaac Romaine)
Jessel, George, 114, 132, 255
Jett, Ruth, 188
Jettis, Ashley, 238
Jewish American Lodge of the Inter-
national Workers Order, 217
Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee of the
Soviet Union, 129
Jewish Commission, 213
Jewish Commission of the Communist
Party, 130
Jewish Life, 36, 49, 225
Jewish People's Committee, 75, 97, 145,
167, 342
Jewish People's Fraternal Order, 130
Jewish People's Voice, 225
420
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Jewish Survey, 119, 225
Jewish Voice, 225
Jewish War Veterans of U. S., 15, 16, 17,
18, 19, 318
Jewish Youth Council, 281
Jimenez, Arnufo E., 273
Johndrew, Bernice, 17
Johnny Get Your Gun, 251
Johnny Got His Gun, 133
John Reed Branch of the Communist
Party, 215
John Reed Club of Hollywood, 147
John Reed Club of San Francisco, 6
John Reed Clubs, 6, 35, 118, 270
John Reed Memorial Meeting, 324
Johns, Orrick, 274
Johnson, Aaron, 94
Johnson, Mr. and Mrs. Allan, 194
Johnson, Arlien, 376
Johnson, Arnold, 383
Johnson, Rev. Bede A., 328
Johnson, Charles S., 334
Johnson, Earl, 185
Johnson, Edwin C., 333
Johnson, Ernest, 17
Johnson, Gardner, 333
Johnson, Grover C., 266, 332
Johnson, Hall, 238
Johnson, Hank, 268
Johnson, Rev. Hewlett, 172, 326, 352
Johnson, Homer H., 248
Johnson, Howard, 213, 378
Johnson, Rev. H. T. S., 185
Johnson, James Weldon, 145, 199, 247
Johnson, Josephine, 274
Johnson, Juanita, 268
Johnson, Larry, 378
Johnson, Dr. Mordecai W., 109, 318, 319,
320
Johnson, Oakley, 274, 338
Johnson, Ralph, 188
Johnson, Reginald, 171, 355
Johnson, Russell D., 356
Johnson, Ruth, 17, 378
Johnsrud, Harold, 96
Johnston, Paul C., 320
Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee,
34, 35, 48, 66, 75, 100, 101, 125,
134, 138, 141, 168, 172, 176, 216,
217, 231, 232, 263, 264, 270, 271,
309, 334, 335, 336, 351, 368, 376,
382
Joint Committee for the Defense of the
Brazilian People, 335, 363
Joint Committee National Negro Con-
gress and United Public Workers,
271
Joint Committee for Trade Union Rights,
34, 381
Joint Committee of Trade Unions in
Social Work, 34, 73
Joint Defense Rallies Sponsored by Los
Angeles Public Workers — C.I.O.,
55
Jones, Charles, 255, 355
Jones, Claudia, 35, 186, 203, 205, 209, 213
Jones, Darby, 315
Jones, Dora, 163
Jones, Ellis O., 358
Jones, Georgia, 215
Jones, Prof. Howard Mumford, 322
Jones, Howard P., 333
Jones, Isabel Morse, 171
Jones, Joe, 141
Jones, John Hudson, 186, 233, 343
Jones, Dr. Lewis Webster, 322
Jones, Robert E., 330
Jones, Russell, 187
Jones, Thomas, 378
Jones, William N., 244, 273
Jordan, C. H., 358, 359
Jordan, Chester, 161
Joseph, Robert L., 210
Joseph, Mrs. Sydney, 217
Joseph, Mr. and Mrs. Sydney, 194
Josephson, Matthew, 194, 248, 273, 330
Joy, Lester, 356
Juarez, Benito, 273
Judevich, Mr., 140
Jung, Harry S., 272
Juried, Sofie, 196
Jurist, Irma, 317
Juvinall, Rev. Andrew, 358
K
Radish, Dave, 340
Kahn, Albert E., 115, 119, 130, 132, 169,
208, 218, 324, 326, 343
Kahn, Alexander S., 176, 377
Kahn, Elinor, 62
Kahn, Gordon, 372, 373, 374
Kahn, Josephine, 278
Kahn, Jr., Peter, 202, 383
Kahn, Peter M., 183, 209, 279
Kaiser, Clara A., 375
Kalar, Joseph, 273
Kalatozv, Mikhail, 365
Kalgaard, Dan, 215, 220
Kalish, Betty, 227
Kail, Dr. Alexis, 171
Kallet, Arthur (alias Edward Adams),
167, 328, 352, 392
Kalman, Herb, 215, 220
Kalman, James E., 215
Kalman, Theresa, 220
Kaltenborn, H. V., 244, 248
Kamin, Alfred, 151
Kamins, Dr. Maurice, 355
Kammet, Lawrence, 375
Kanaster, Jacob, 259
Kandel, Aben, 193
Kandel, Judith, 277, 278
Kane, Byron, 356
Kanin, Garson, 241
Kanin, Michael, 97, 198, 241, 279
Kaphan, Joseph, 270
Kaplan, Leon, 213, 214, 343
Kaplan, Martin, 8, 281, 298, 299, 300
Kaplan, Seymore, 280, 281
Kaplan, Sol, 317
Karnes, Doris, 356
Karnes, Robert, 356
Karnot, Stephen, 278
Karpf, Dr. Maurice J., 183
Karron, Ruby, 259
Karsner, Rose, 243, 266
Kasanin, Dr. and Mrs. Jacob, 194
Kass, Thems, 259
Kassner, Minna F., 272
Kasustchick, D., 268
Katkin, Mrs. Dora, 146
Katleman, Isobel, 210
Katnic, Ivan, 94
Katz, , 283
Katz, Charles J., 97, 146, 148, 249, 250,
255, 267, 279, 332, 346, 355
Katz, Gallagher and Margolis, 267
UN-AMEEICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
421
Katz, Isadore, 265
Katz, Julia, 227
Katz, Moishe, 196
Katz, Morris, 151
Katz, Otto, 119
Kauffman, Harry, 311
Kaufman, Mrs. Beatrice, 262
Kaufman, Edith, 179
Kaufman, George, 210, 241, 330, 343, 389
Kaufman, Milton, 201, 202
Kaufman, Sidney, 389
Kaun, Prof. Alexander, 145, 185, 328,
359
Kavinoky, Dr. Nadina, 278
Kay, Lawrence, 311, 312
Kaye, Danny, 210, 254
Kaye, George, 94, 213
Kayser, Marie L., 328, 352, 358, 359
Kazan, Elia, 241
Keating, Fred, 378
Keating, Dr. James M., 17
Keeny, Spurgeon, 193
Keith, J. E., 171
Keitly, Irvin, 196
Keller, Helen, 324, 330
Keller, Kent, 226
Kelley, Hack (See Hack Gleichman),
220
Kelley, Robert, 226
Kellner, Charles, 268
Kellogg Pact, 332
Kelly, Gene, 60, 97, 210, 251, 311, 354,
355, 393
Kelman, Howie, 339
Kelton, Pert, 240
Kemnitz, Milton N., 201, 202
Kemnitzer, Ede, 113
Kennan, Ellen A., 270
Kennedy, J. Richard, 210, 374
Kennedy, Kenneth, 378
Kenny, Robert W., 58, 60, 62, 92, 116,
151, 152, 183, 198, 202, 206, 217,
239, 241, 244, 250, 254, 255, 256,
265, 267, 308, 309, 310, 319, 332,
346, 354, 355, 358, 378
Kent, Francis, 377
Kent, Paul, 392
Kent, Rockwell, 113, 114, 131, 141, 151,
163, 169, 189, 196, 200, 208, 211,
234, 249, 266, 268, 310, 324, 350,
351, 352, 353, 357, 359, 377, 389,
391, 392
rif D
Kenyori Dorothy, 109, 113, 181, 227, 228,
277, 324
Kepner, J., 226
Kern, Edward K., 193
Kern, Jerome, 251, 255, 311
Kern, Paul J., 265, 328, 331
Kerner, Prof. Robert J., 358
Kerns, Robert, 356
Kershner, Frederick D., 320
Kester, Howard, 244
Ketcham, C. D., 270
Keyes, Evelyn, 60, 210, 211, 251, 255
Keynote Recordings Inc., 392
KFVD Radio Station, 154
KGO Radio Station, San Francisco, 215,
218
Kibre, Jeff, 182, 183, 256, 383
Kidd, Prof. A. M., 194
Kidwell, George, 185
Kilbourne, Katherine, 110
Kilbourne, Mrs. Norman, 277, 278
Kilburn, Terry, 356
Kilgore, Dr. Eugene S., 358
Killanes, John, 378
Killoran, Patricia, 343
Kilpatrick, Dr. William H., 193
Kindler, Hans, 317
King, Carol, 114, 151, 196, 226, 248, 265,
266, 328, 331, 333, 353
King, Conner and Ramsey Defense
Committee, 34, 61
King, Dennis, 96
King, Don, 251
King, Peter, 185
Kingdon, Dr. Frank, 59, 113, 145, 179,
181, 262, 270, 354
Kingsbury, John A., 169, 170, 322, 350,
357
Kingsbury, Susan M., 248
Kingston, Ross N., 249
Kinsey, Katherine, 376
Kircher, Miss Emma, 17
Kirchwey, Freda, 107, 113, 151, 179, 247,
277, 278, 327, 328, 334, 352, 358,
390
Kirk, Frank C., 261
Kirkpatrick, Bert, 17
Kirman, Luke, 94
Kirstein, Lincoln, 392
Kister, Mary, 17
Kitzes, Max, 261
Kiwanis International, 17, 18
Klapperman, Clara, 179
Klare, Charles, 339
Kleeck, Mary Van (See Van Kleeck,
Mary)
Klein, Henry, 179
Klein, Herber A., 193
Klein, Joe, 214
Klein, Peter W., 356
Klein, Philip, 375
Kleinke, Mrs. Dana, 17
Kleinow, John H., 94
Klemperer, Otto, 317
Kline, Herbert, 210, 274
Klowden, Nina, 281
Knight, Eric, 234
Knights of Pythias, 16, 17, 18
Knopf, Edwin, 251, 255
Knowles, Harper, 17
Knowlton, Dr. John C., 17
Knox, Alexander, 97, 171, 211, 357
Knox, Mickey, 356
Knox, Rev. Owen, 162, 329
Kober, Arthur, 113, 189, 210, 244, 249,
328, 378, 391
Kobin, Robert, 343
Koch, C. Franklin, 320
Koch, Howard, 58, 170, 171, 202, 241,
255, 279, 355, 357
Koenig, Lester, 372, 374
Koenigsburg, Raphael, 231
Koerner, Ray, 273
Kohl, Adeline, 186
Kohlmar, Fred, 210
Kohn, Rabbi Jacob, 152, 198
Kohs, Samuel C., 376
Kolar, Mrs. Julia Church, 227
Kolb, Dr. and Mrs. Leon, 216
Kolkin, Mirian, 343
Kollantai of Russia, Mme., 227
Kolowski, Walter, 183
Komorowski, Conrad, 95
Konigsberg, Raphael, 161, 355
Kopf, Maxim, 114
Korboff, Katie ( See Katie Corboff )
422
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Korean Culture Society, 112
Korean Independent News Company, 112
Korf , Lee, 356
Korn, Eva, 259
Korneff, Constantin C., 170, 177
Koslenko, William, 248
Kotkin, Mrs. Emanuel, 146
Kotylansky, Chaim, 183
Koussevitzky, Serge, 311, 317, 323, 324
Kovner, Joseph, 265
Kowan, Dr. and Mrs. Maurice, 172
Kozienko, Mr. and Mrs. William, 183
Kraft, Edwin, 281
Kraft, Senator Fred H., 3, 15
Kraft, H. S., 97, 104, 105, 189, 250, 256,
279
Kraft, Hy (See H. S. Kraft)
Kraike, Michel, 210
Kramer, Aaron, 226
Kramer, A. Walter, 311
Kramer, Harry, 342
Krapf, Edwin, 280, 339
Krasna, Norman, 210
Krause, Jane, 17
Krause, John, 179
Kreman, Max, 266
Kreymborg, Alfred, 113, 136, 189, 192,
201, 249, 270, 274, 278, 328, 340,
352
Kroll, Edith, 356
Kroll, Leon, 240, 263, 323, 330
Kroll, William, 311
Kromer, Tom, 341
Krone, Max D., 317
Kross, Ann M., 183, 202
Krueger, Karl, 317
Kruhe, Ludwig, 95
Krumbein, Charles, 212, 213
Krupin, Nathan, 183
Krutch, Joseph W., 330
Kryczki, Leo, 114, 198, 318
Kubik, Gail, 317
Kuhl, Cal, 255
Ku Klux Klan, 74, 75, 337
Kunitz, Joshua, 151, 194, 270, 273, 341
Kuniyoshi, Yasuo, 114, 151
Kuntz, Prof. C., 196
Kuntz, Edward, 266, 270
Kuntz, Ray, 353
Kuomintang, 142
Kurnitz, Harry, 97, 210, 211, 251, 255,
261, 279
Kurzer, Herbert, 213
Kutnick, Sam, 343
Kuttler, Mr. and Mrs. Joseph, 194
KXLA Radio Station, Los Angeles, 268
KYA Radio Station, San Francisco, 217,
218
LaBelle, Aileen, 13, 220, 221
Labor Defender, 49, 106, 143, 225, 265,
266, 365
Labor Herald (Communist Party) , 225,
239, 349
Labor Herald, C.I.O., 218, 225
Labor Research Association, 47, 49, 145
Labors' News, 225
Labors Non-Partisan League, 7, 253, 272
Labor Unity, 9, 160, 225
Ladar, Mr. and Mrs. Sam, 194
Ladies Auxiliary of Veterans of Foreign
Wars, 17, 18
Laessie, Albert, 330
LaFarge, Christopher, 240
Lafarge, Oliver, 181, 199, 327, 330, 391
Lafferty, Nori, 215
La Forge, Christopher, 240
Laforge, Frank, 311
LaGuardia, Fiorello H., 226
Laidler, Harry W., 248
Laing, Graham A., 328, 352
Laisve, 119
Lallemant, Alfred, 94
Lamb, Edward, 198, 265, 266, 328, 331,
332
Lambert, Rudy, 316
Lamberton, Harry C., 151
Lamonia, Johnnie, 283, 284, 285, 303, 305
Lamont, Corliss, 97, 109, 151, 244, 270,
274, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 328,
334, 338
Lamont, Mrs. Corliss, 141, 151, 194, 341,
352, 357, 377
Lamont, Mr. and Mrs. Corliss, 234
Lamont, Margaret I., 244, 248
Lamont, Mrs. Thomas W., 324
Lampe, William E., 320, 321
Lampell, Millard, 198, 241, 318, 378, 392
Lancaster, Burt, 210, 211, 241
Lancaster, H. Carrington, 324
Lancaster, William W., 169, 170, 324
Land, Edward, 328
Land of the Soviets, 326
Land, Yetta, 265, 266
Landau, Ethel, 215
Landeck, Armin, 331
Landis, Arthur, 116
Landish, Vicki, 184, 185, 188
Landman, Dave, 339
Lane, Al, 256
Lane, Eddie, 288
Lane, Rev. Herrick, 144, 185
Lang, Fritz, 193, 239, 373, 378
Lang, Paul Henry, 317
Lange, Arthur, 317
Langmuir, Dr. Irving, 324
Lanham Act, 229
Lannon, Al, 213
Lapidus, Daniel, 392
Lapin, Adam, 338, 342, 343, 377
Lapin, B., 196
Lapin, Eva, 343
Lapp, Dr. John A., 109, 226, 273
Lardner, John, 240
Lardner, Jr., Ring, 97, 105, 176, 183, 189,
190, 191, 192, 193, 239, 258, 261,
265, 360, 372
Larkin, Prof. Oliver, 151
La Rue, 316
Lasalle, J. Moreno, 248
Lash, Joseph P., 151, 377
Lasky, Jesse, 251, 255
Lasser, David, 151, 226, 328, 383
Latimer, Ira, 201, 226, 328
Lattimore, Owen, 199
Lau, P. T., 107
Lauber, Pauline ( See Mrs. Pauline ,
Lauber Finn)
Laudis, Arthur, 94
Laurie, Harry L., 375
Lauterbach, Richard, 240
La very, Emmett, 130, 251, 255, 258, 260,
261, 309, 359, 360, 372, 374
Lawrence, Josh, 213
Lawrence, Kay (See Kay Lawrence)
Lawrence, Stanley, 249
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
423
Lawrence, William S., 94, 183, 202, 209
Lawrenson, Jack, 357
Lawrie, Lee, 331
Lawry, James V., 17
Lawson, Alan D., 356
Lawson.John Howard, 58, 92, 95, 97,
102, 131, 152, 163, 170, 171, 175,
176, 182, 183, 185, 186, 189, 190,
194, 201, 215, 238, 239, 248, 249,
250, 251, 252, 253, 255, 258, 265,
266, 274, 275, 276, 278, 279, 309,
340, 343, 344, 346, 352, 355, 359,
360, 361, 362, 363, 364, 365, 366,
367, 368, 369, 370, 371, 372, 375,
378
Lawyers Committee on American
Relations With Spain, 335
Lawyers Committee to Keep the United
States Out of War, 272
Lazarus, Simon A., 355
Lazarus, S. M., 279
League Against Imperialism, 107, 273
League for Mutual Aid, 145, 334, 335
League for Peace and Democracy, 256
League of American Writers, 10, 38, 48,
52, 99, 101, 103, 115, 126, 127, 135,
137, 157, 158, 167, 172, 176, 191,
194, 196, 234, 251, 256, 258, 270,
273, 274, 319, 322, 324, 334, 335,
348, 368, 369, 370
League of American Writers' School in
Hollywood, 121, 127, 275
League of Professional Groups for Foster
and Ford, 196, 246
League of Struggle for Negro Rights,
333
League of Women Shoppers, 35, 77, 142,
256, 277, 278, 336
League of Workers Theaters, 52, 128,
167, 278, 367, 370
League of Young Southerners, 319, 334,
335, 336
Learned, Beulah, 266
Leary, Tim, 339
Leavin, Samuel B., 322, 323
Lechlitner, Ruth, 274
Lechner, Dr. John R., 17, 19
Lederman, Gloria, 356
Lee, Anna, 230
Lee, Canada, 96, 114, 163, 189, 198, 210,
240, 263, 264, 318, 352, 375
Lee, Cynthia, 179
Lee, Howard, 162, 163
Lee, John C., 211
Lee, Leon, 343
Lee, Robert, 356
Lee, Will, 14, 104, 106, 356
Leech, Mr., 232
Leeds, Joseph, 226
Leeds, Peter, 356
Lees, Robert, 275
Left Communism, 30
Leftwing Communism an Infantile
Disorder, 42
Legislative Committee of the State of
Massachusetts, 98, 121
Legislative Committee of the State of
Pennsylvania, 98
Lehman, Herbert H., 234
Lehman, Jacob, 233
Lehman, Lloyd, 214, 215, 343
Lehr, Mrs. Abraham, 278
Leibovitz, Morris, 146
Leidman, Grace, 354
Leigh, Barbara, 343
Leigh, Rena, 17
Leland, Henry, 188
Lengyel, Emil, 113, 114, 234, 324, 328,
352
Lenin, V. I., 30, 31, 41, 56, 78, 106, 242,
329, 351, 353
Leningrad Institute, 175
Lennart, Isobel, 372
Leo Gallagher Testimonal Dinner, 56,
253
Leonard, David A., 356
Leonard, Mrs. Marjorie, 355
Leppold, Jack, 285, 288, 290
Lerner, Irving, 129, 278, 370
Lerner, James, 196
Lerner, Matt, 113
Lerner, Max A., 96, 109, 114, 151, 179,
200, 248, 249, 263, 273, 327, 351,
358, 377
Lerner, Tillie, 274, 341
LeRoy, Mervyn, 211
Lert, Richard, 250, 256
Lescaze, William, 170
LeSeuer, Meridel, 274, 328, 352, 377
Leslie, Kenneth, 271, 328, 351
LeSourd, Howard M., 263, 264
Lesser, Frank, 233
Lesser, Mrs. Ira, 146
Lesser, Sol, 252, 255
Lessner, Herbert, 311, 312
Letter, 225
Letter Defending the Communist Party,
324
Lev, Ray, 114, 249, 352
Level, Hildegaard, 343
Levene, Sam, 97
Levin, Emanuel, 268, 384, 386
Levin, Leonora, 179
Levin, Max, 196
Levin, Meyer, 374, 378
Levin, Ray, 179
Levin, Vivian, 184, 185, 186, 188
Levine, Ben, 94, 343
Levine, Carol, 341
Levine, Jack, 281
Levine, Sam, 356
Levinsohn, Irene, 248
Levy, Melvin P., 97, 266, 270, 273, 357
Lew, Thomas, 144
Lewis, Alfred Baker, 334
Lewis, Austin, 265
Lewis, Dean C. N., 144
Lewis, Prof. Gilbert N., 324
Lewis, Herbert Clyde, 210, 372
Lewis, H. H., 274
Lewis, Jr., John F., 322
Lewis, John L., 36
Lewis, Julian, 95
Lewis, Katherine, 244
Lewis, Mary, 356
Lewis, Morris, 375
Lewis, Mrs. Shippen, 228
Lewis, Sinclair, 331 ' «
Lewis, William Draper, 109
Lewis, Willia Mae, 161
Lewishown, Irene, 311
Lewkowich, Charles, 343
Leyda, J., 170, 171, 276, 278
Liberal Voters' League of St. Louis, 354
Liberator, 225
Lieber, Molly, 187, 188, 339
Lieberman, Mendel H., 355
Lieberson, Goddard, 324
424
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Liebling, Leonard, 317
Liebman, Vivian, 186
Life In The Soviet Union, 176
Life Magazine, 117
Lifton, Melvin, 179
Liggett, Walter W., 114
Light, Paul S., 344
Liles, Faustine, 179
Lima, Mickey, 212, 213
Limau, Thomas, 94
Limbert, Paul M., 320, 321
Lin, J. H, 198
Lincoln Book Shop, 224
Lincoln Brigade (See Abraham Lincoln
Brigade)
Lincoln Steffens Lodge 500 IWO, 268
Lindauer, Samson A., 152
Lindberg, John, 376
Lindberg, Virginia, 376
Lindeman, Eduard C., 109, 151, 181, 196,
201, 320, 334, 336, 337
Lindemann, Mitchell, 259, 260
Linder, Leo J., 272, 332
Lindley, Phyllis, 195
Lindsey, , , 203
Lindsmith, Mrs. Rosalind, 230
Linn, Dr. Otis, 249, 358
Lions International, 16, 17, 18
Lipin, Max, 146, 149
Lipscomb, Wendell, 339
Lipsky, Louis, 352
Litchman, Mark M., 249
Little Red School House, 390, 391
Littlestone, Ralph, 179
Litvak, A., 211
Litvak, Anatole, 210
Litvinoff, Maxim, 326
Livermore, Miss Elizabeth, 144
Livermore, Mrs. Horatio, 144
Livingston, David, 186
Lloyd, Norman, 356
Lochard, Metz T. P., 95
Locke, Alain, 151, 198, 226, 248, 270, 328,
377,392
Locke, Katherine, 188, 356
Lockett, Al, 164
Lockwood, Jr., William W., 334
Loeb, Jr., James, 334, 335
Loeb, Julius, 198
Loeb, Moritz, 242
Loeb, Philip, 151, 188, 328, 377
Loebbeeke, Ernest J., 17
Lowenstein, Princess Helgo Zu (See
Princess Helgo zu Lowenstein)
Loewer, Mrs. Ann, 146
Logan, Gwen, 356
Logan, James, 184, 185
Lohr, George, 11, 213, 343
Lolich, Daisy, 186
Lomax, Alan, 317
London, Helen, 196
Lonergan, Bill, 284, 302, 303, 306
Long, Fred (See Todd Gregory)
Long, Herbert, 162
Long, Martin *Luther, 198
Longstreet, Stephen, 374
Lonik, Evelyn, 259
Loofburow, Dr. Leon L., 185
Loomis, Elliett, 94
Loos, Mary, 210
Lopez, Frank, 233
Lord, Jack, 377
Lord, Sarajo, 355
Lore, Ludwig, 142, 243
Lorenzo, C., 333
Lorien, Peter, 356
Lorre, Peter, 211
Lorre, Mrs. Peter, 97
Los Angeles Acacia Club, 16
Los Angeles Board of Education, 231
Los Angeles Chapter of the Civil Rights
Congress, 136, 139
Los Angeles C. I. O. Council, 116
Los Angeles City Civil Service
Commission, 152
Los Angeles City College, 182, 199, 309
Los Angeles Congress of Industrial
Organizations, 160
Los Angeles County American Youth for
Democracy, 137
Los Angeles County Board of
Supervisors, 59, 60, 152, 382
Los Angeles Daily News, 101, 125
Los Angeles Emergency Committee
To Aid the Strikers, 149, 279
Los Angeles Examiner, 14, 133, 209, 332
Los Angeles Herald-Express, 14, 172, 187
Los Angeles Junior College, 179
Los Angeles Police Department, 14
Los Angeles Superior Court, 59
Los Angeles Teachers Union, A. F. of L.,
Los Angeles Times, 14, 132, 388
Los Angeles Workers' School,
120, 165, 369
Los Angeles Youth Committee Against
Universal Military Training, 279,
280
Los Angeles Youth Council, 280, 339
Lothrop, Rev. Donald G., 271
Loughrey, Wilhelmina, 215
Loughrey, Willie, 220
Lovejoy, Frank, 356
Lovell, Bertha C., 376
Lovell, Mrs. Leah, 355
Lovett, Robert Morss, 107, 108, 109, 114,
145, 151, 179, 181, 196, 211, 244,
247, 248, 266, 271, 273, 327, 328,
331, 334, 351, 358, 377
Lovett, Rev. Sidney, 114, 194
Lovina, Ernest, 200, 351
Low, Joseph, 377
Low, Nat, 343
Lowe, Bill, 184, 185
Lowell, Esther, 266
Lowenfels, Walter, 226, 343, 389, 392
Lowenthal, Max, 265
Lowitt, Julie, 188
Lowther, Rev. Edgar A., 114, 185, 328,
352
Loy, Myrna, 210
Lozowick, Louis, 248, 261, 270, 278
Lubey, J. P., 344
Lubin, Arthur, 210
Lubitsch, Ernst, 250, 256
Lucas, Manual, 163
Lucio, Antonio, 62, 203
Lude, Helen, 184
Ludwig, Emil, 114, 322
Ludwig, Julian, 356
Ludwig, Vann, 342
Lukas, Paul, 263
Luks, Bynny, 281
Lumpkin, Grace, 266, 270, 273, 334
Lund, Harold, 375
Lundberg, Ferdinand, 334
Lundberg, Harry, 292, 296
Lunenschloss, Mrs. E. J., 278
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
425
L'Unita Del Popolo, 225
Lupner, Marty, 188
Luscomb, Florence H., 352
Lusher, Bernard, 62
Lusk Reports, 246
Luton, William, 17
Lynch, Ross, 185
Lynd, Prof. Helen M., 199, 271
Lynd, Prof. Robert S.t 109, 169, 199, 248,
324, 327, 328
Lynden, Richard, 185
Lynn, Mike, 233
Lynn, Olive, 377
Lyon, Dr. E. Wilson, 170, 171
Lyon, Peter, 263, 342
Lyon, Sumner, 374
Lyons, Eugene, 245
Me
McAvoy, Clifford T., 324, 328
McBain, Dr. James W., 171
McBeth, Jr., Hugh, 202
McBride, Isaac, 114
McBride, Judge Lois Mary, 324
McCabe, Louis F., 265, 266, 271, 272,
328, 331
McCahon, Robert, 356
McCall, Jr., Mary, 97, 252, 253, 255, 260,
261, 279, 372
McCall's, 276
McCandless, Elizabeth, 187, 188, 198,
280, 355
McCarthy, W. Robert, 186
McCarty, Francis, 172, 173
McClain, Elmer, 272
McClanahan, C. J., 95
McClelland, Virginia, 18
McClure, Greg, 356
McCollie, Mrs. Lucie, 184
McConnell, Dorothy, 151
McConnell, Bishop Francis J., 109, 113,
114, 151, 202, 246, 273, 320, 334,
335, 392
McConnoll, F. W., 233, 328
McCormick, Frank, 287, 290, 303, 305
McCormick, Mrs. LaRue, 120, 132, 140,
214, 233, 235, 266, 274, 363, 365,
369, 384
McCowan, C. C., 233
McCoy, Ellarne, 171
McCoy, Horace, 275, 276
McCullough, Naida, 317
McDaniels, Luchell, 94
McDonald, Dr. Fraser X., 171, 255, 279
McDonald, Gordon E., 356
McDonald, John J., 18
McDonald, Mrs. Mark, 144
McDowell, Mary E., 145, 247
McDuffie, Mr. and Mrs. Duncan, 194
McEven, Nora, 215
McEwen, Mary Alice, 356
McFee, Lee, 331
McFetridge, William L., 323, 324
McGee, William, 233, 328, 352
McGenty, Leona, 312, 315, 316
McGiffert, Dr. and Mrs. A. C., 194
McGill, Earle, 263
McGill, James H., 114
McGovney, Ruth, 8. 215, 219
McGowan, James C., 214
McGowan, Kenneth ( See Kenneth
MacGowan )
McGowan, Mrs. Kenneth, 278
McGrath, Henry F., 358, 359
McGregor, Betty ( See Mrs. Robert
Miller Green)
McGrew, Fred, 18
McGuckin, Vivian, 343
McGuinness, James K., 190
McGuire, Donald, 200, 351
McGuire, Dorothy, 210
Mclnerny, Katherine, 152
Mclntyre, John, 356
McKanney, Hazel (See Mrs. Aubrey
Grossman), 5
McKee, Elmore M., 320, 321
McKelvey, Dr. Raymond G., 109
McKenney, Ruth, 97, 103, 136, 141, 163,
176, 189, 192, 234, 249, 340, 344
McKenzie, Howard, 323
McKibben, Norman, 163
McKie, William, 212
McLaurin, B. F., 321
McLeod, Donald, 94
McManus, John T., 262
McMichael, Dash, 184, 185
McMichael, Jack, 162, 181, 186, 198, 208,
226, 328
McMillan, Lester, 182, 183, 185
McMillen, Wayne, 375
McNair, Jerome (See Jerome MacNair)
McNair, J. W., 233
McNamara, J. B., 107, 266, 328
McNear, Ann, 151
McNitt, Rollin, 239
McNutt, Ernest F., 180
McNutt, Waldo, 180
McTernan, John T., 116, 177, 178, 346
McTernan, Katherine, 13, 177, 178
McWilliams, Carey, 4, 106, 109, 114, 116,
146, 160, 162, 176, 179, 184, 193,
198, 199, 201, 208, 226, 233, 235,
239, 244, 249, 254, 258, 265, 267,
268, 272, 273, 279, 308, 309, 327,
328, 330, 332, 341, 344, 346, 351,
354, 355, 358, 359, 375, 376, 382
M
Maas, Mrs. Eleanor, 355
MacArthur, Douglas
MacCracken, Dr. Henry N., 114, 181
MacDougal, Daniel T., 341
MacDougall, Ranald, 372
MacGowan, Kenneth, 97, 132, 170, 171,
199, 202, 252. 255, 258, 279, 373
MacGregor, Robert, 226, 328
Machado, Eduardo, 107
Machinists, Railroad Brotherhood, 39
MacKay, Lillian, 161
Mack, Julian W., 248
Mackaye, Percy, 331
MacLane, Martha, 183
MacLeish, Archibald, 96, 181, 244, 248,
310, 331, 358, 389
MacLeod, Norman, 273
MacMahon, Aline, 97, 240, 278
MacMillan, Sir Ernest, 317
MacNair, Jerome W., 109, 110, 170, 171,
177, 178, 241, 353
MacPhail, Archibald, 216
Macqueen, Dr. Don, 355
Macy, J. H., 196
Macy, Mary Cabot, 196
Maddow, Ben, 171
Maddox, Charles, 315
Maeterlinck, Maurice, 324
426
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Magidoff, Nila, 216
Magill, A. B., 97, 176, 270, 340
Magnes, Judah L., 145, 247
Mahaffey, Walter W., 185
Mahedy, William P., 17
Mahler, Fritz, 263, 324
Mahoney, Jeremiah T., 181
Mai, Anna, 227
Maibaum, Richard, 210
Mailey, Doris, 311, 314
Mainstream, 36, 56, 99, 103, 119, 133,
136, 138, 140, 177, 225, 340, 364
Makepeace, Grace, 162
Maiden, Rita, 312, 314
Malisoff, William M., 270, 323, 328, 377
Malkin, Harry, 266
Malkin, Manfred, 311
Malony, Mrs. Tim, 17
Malorus, Harry, 340
Maltz, Albert, 60, 92, 97, 105, 116, 117,
118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124,
125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131,
132, 136, 163, 169, 171, 176, 183,
189, 192, 198, 200, 233, 239, 273,
328, 351, 352, 357, 359, 360, 370,
377, 378, 392
Maltz, Mr. and Mrs. Albert, 279
Mamlet, Dr. Howard, 344
Mance, Merle, 226
Mandell, Arthur J., 328
Mangione, Jerre, 266
Mangold, George B., 200
Manley, Katrina, 215
Mann, Daniel, 104, 356
Mann, Fred, 266
Mann, Heinrich, 271, 351
Mann, Klaus, 248
Mann, Dr. Thomas, 132, 170, 171, 198,
202, 239, 241, 255, 263, 279, 324,
358
Mann, Winnie, 356
Manning, Rosalie, 227
Mannix, Eddie, 360
Mansfield, Nell, 164
Manship, Paul, 310, 323, 324
Man to Remember, A, 373
Manuilsky, 142
Manumit School, 145
Manus, Anna, 164
Manwaring, Dr. W. H., 328, 352
Marcantonio, Vito, 93, 114, 132, 151, 162,
169, 176, 196, 198, 200, 201, 202,
211, 241, 248, 265, 266, 270, 319,
327, 328, 334, 340, 351, 352, 375,
377, 391, 392
March, Frederic, 232, 239, 250, 256, 262,
263, 264, 324, 354, 390
March, Mrs. Frederic, 14, 228, 229, 230,
231, 250, 255, 262, 310
March, Mr. and Mrs. Frederic March,
114
March, Herbert, 95
Marcus, Harry, 343
Marden, Adrian, 356
Mardo, Bill, 186, 343
Margo, 210
Margolis, Ben, 116, 332, 358, 359
Marian Anderson Citizens Committee, 34
Marine Cooks and Stewards, 7, 8, 62,
163, 212, 236, 281, 282, 283, 285,
286, 288, 289, 291, 298, 299, 302,
303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308
Marine Firemen, Oilers, Wipers and
Watertenders Association, 297
Marion, George, 233, 343
Maritime Book Shop, 224, 284, 293, 303
Markel, Dr. and Mrs. Howard, 144
Marko, Bill, 233
Markoff, Natosha, 281
Marks, Stanley J., 95
Marley, H. P., 186
Marlies, Charles A., 233
Marlowe, Frank, 356
Marmer, Ida, 259
Marrow, Byron, 356
Marrow, Ozzo, 220
Mars Stationers, 344
Marseillaise, The, 373
Marsh, Daniel, 264
Marsh, Lee, 188
Marsh, Reginald, 238, 331
Marshall, A. Calder, 256
Marshall, Daniel G., 146, 147, 203, 206
Marshall, E. S., 356
Marshall, George, 162, 201, 226, 249, 271,
323, 324, 327, 328, 350, 352, 353
Marshall, Mrs. George, 244
Marshall Plan, 87, 319, 387, 388
Marston, George, 226
Martel, Frank X., 324
Martell, C. J., 273
Martin, Alice, 356
Martin, Dewey, 356
Martin, George, 342
Martin, John, 240, 378
Martin, Oliver, 339
Martin, Sandra, 184, 185
Martin, Sidney (See Sidney Davison)
Martinez, Refugio Ramon, 204
Marvin, 221
Marx, Karl, 25, 78, 194, 353, 364, 372
Marx, Dr. Rudolph, 171, 250, 256, 279
Marzani, Carlo, 35
Masarick, Fred, 280, 339
Maslenikov, Dr. Oleg, 171
Mason, Daniel G., 331
Mason, Martin, 356
Mason, Virgil, 162
Mason, Vivian Carter, 228, 229, 230
Massachusetts House Committee on
Un-American Activities, 365
Masses, 340
Massey, J. O., 220
Massey, Raymond, 324
Masterson, Lewis, 94
Mather, Prof. Kirtley F., 199, 201, 271,
324, 386
Mathias, Jean, 17
Mathiessen, F. O., 186, 328, 359, 375
Matsui, Haru, 198
Matthews, Al, 256
Matthews, Dorothy, 210
Matthews, J. B., 244
Matthews, Stanley, 233
Mattia, Mary, 227
Mattis, Mary, 259
Matulka, Jan, 248
Mauldin, Bill, 183, 241
Maurer, George, 266
Maurer, James H., 248
Maurer, Rose, 227, 228, 326
Max, Alan, 343
Max, Ed, 356
May, Dave, 17
May Day, 56
May, Kenneth, 219
May, Reuben, 220
Mayer, Charles, 94
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
427
Mayer, Edwin Justus, 250, 256
Mayer, Ray, 250, 256, 356
Maymudes, A., 215, 259, 267, 279
Maynor, Dorothy, 263
Mayo, Leonard W., 320
Mays, Andrew, 220
Mays, Dr. Benjamin E., 201
Mazelis, Sarah, 179
Mazour, Dr. Anatole G., 171
Meachen, James L., 161
Meadow, Noel, 374
Meadows, Leon, 261
Medical Bureau and North American
Committee to Aid Spanish Democ-
racy, 319, 324, 335, 336, 367, 377
Medical Bureau for Spain, 142
Medical Bureau to Aid Spanish Democ-
racy, 147, 270, 310
Meet the Author Party, 120
Megguler, H. B., 94
Meier, Mrs. Lou, 17
Meigs, Stewart, 328, 352
Meiklejohn, Dr. Alexander, 114, 179
Meikeljohn, Ann, 233
Meitzen, E. R., 265
Melby, Ernest O., 325
Melchior, Lauritz, 317
Meldon, John, 244, 245
Melinkoff, Sidney, 161
Melish, John H., 151, 249
Melish, William H., 169, 208, 322, 323,
326, 352
Melish, Mrs. William H. (Mary J.), 229
Mellett, Lowell, 263
Mellman, Herman, 17
Meltzer, Leonard J., 194
Meltzer, Lewis, 275
Meltzer, Milton, 354
Memorial Meeting to Commemorate John
Reed's Death in Moscow, 324
Menacker, Victor, 149
Mendelsohn, Pete, 288, 303
Men in Battle, 102
Menuhin, Yehudi, 263, 317
Meredith, Burgess, 60, 210, 238
Meredith, Lucille, 356
Merims, Arthur, 184
Merivale, Philip, 271
Merkel, Paul, 94, 119
Merlin, Milton, 171, 276
Merrell, Elizabeth, 250, 256
Merrick, Fred, 266
Merrill, J. P., 162
Merrill, Lewis (Alias Louis Cohen) , 114,
115, 151, 200, 270, 324, 327, 328,
352, 375
Merriman Clubs of the Communist
Party, 215
Merritt, E. A., 17
Message to the House of Representatives
Opposing the Dies Committee, 104,
Metcalf, Allen, 197
Methodist Episcopal Church (Chicago),
246
Methodist Federation for Social Service,
73, 246, 335
Methodist Student Movement (Char-
lottesville), 338
Metro, Bertha, 185
Metropolitan Benjamin, The, 323
Metropolitan Interfaith Council, 201
Mexican Friends of the Chinese People,
144
Meyer, Eldred L., 17
Meyer, Rev. Emil, 163
Meyer, Ernest L., 334
Meyerhold, Vsevelod, 278
Meyerowitz, Vivian, 184
Meyers, Cora, 266
Meyers, Henry, 261
Michael, Jerome, 265
Michaelson, Beryl, 186
Michelson, Clarina, 227, 247, 266
Michigan Civil Rights Federation, 329,
335
Michigan Committee for Academic
Freedom, 338
Michigan Herald, 225
Michigan State College, 339
Michigan University, 338
Michoels, Prof. S., 156
Middleton, John, 323
Middough, Lome D., 17
Midwest Daily Record, 49, 93
Midwest Division of International Labor
Defense, 93
Mike Quinn Student Club, 389
Milestone, Lewis, 96, 97, 170, 250, 252,
255, 256, 310, 358
Milford, Lawson, 343
Milgram, Morris, 334
Milhaud, Darius, 317
Miller, Clyde R., 193, 264, 391
Miller, David, 210
Miller, Esther, 343
Miller, Homer B., 17
Miller, J., 356
Miller, Jess H., 17
Miller, Kenneth H., 331
Miller, Loren, 109, 110, 146, 194, 249,
332, 333
Miller, Marvin, 356
Miller, Moses, 213
Miller, Nathan Harry, 194
Miller, Sidney, 183
Millet, Martha, 226
Millikan, Charles, 17
Millikan, Dr. Robert A., 171
Millington, Frances, 355
Mills, Dick, 280
Mills, Homer, 375
Mills, Saul, 202, 208
Milstein, Nathan, 317
Milwaukee State Teachers' College, 325
Minarich, G., 269
Mine, Mill and Smelter Workers, CIO,
162, 280
Mingroni, Elvira, 268
Mink, Jack, 328
Mink, Kelly, 184, 185
Minnelli, Vincente, 211
Minor, Robert, 94, 176, 213, 243, 244,
245, 246, 266, 343
Minot, Dr. George R., 324
Mins, Leonard S., 274
Minton, Bruce, 97, 103, 121, 163, 176,
189, 266, 328, 334, 340, 344, 352,
369
Mintz, Harry, 196
Mintz, I., 326
Mintz, Sam, 374
Mirov, Dr. N. T., 171
Mirova, Vera, 95
Mirsky, Dr. Alfred E., 263
Mirsky, Judy, 356
Mischel, Josef, 210
Mission to Moscow, 366
428
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Mitchell, Prof. Broadus, 233, 321
Mitchell, Dorothy, 278
Mitchell, Elaineri84
Mitchell, Eleanor, 215
Mitchell, H. L., 13, 337
Mitchell, Kate, 208
Mitchell, Louise, 226, 343
Mitchell, Mrs. Lucy Sprague, 324
Mitchell, Rt. Rev. Walter, 198
Mitchell, Dr. Wesley C., 324
Mitropoulos, Dimitri, 317
Mitzell, Charles Michael, 323
Mlin, Lionel J., 339
Mobilization for Democracy, 60, 61, 75,
139, 148, 203, 221, 254, 308, 309
Modern Book Shop, 224
Modern Culture Club, 392
Modesto Bee, 15
Moffat, Judge Stanley, 63, 170, 172, 183,
185, 198, 202, 267, 268, 382
Moffatt, Ivan, 210
Mohr, Freda, 376
Molle, Dr. Joseph L., 18
Mollegan, Rev. Dr. A. T., 109
Mollenhauer, William, 266
Molnar, Julius, 94
Molotov Among Us, A, 360
Monjar, Elsie M., 214
Monroe, Dr. Bertha, 144
Montanarella, Felix, 94
Monteleone, Mae, 18
Monteux, Pierre, 324
Monteux, Mme. Pierre, 324
Montgomery, Mr. Donald, 239
Montier, Quin, 220
Montier, William, 220
Mooney-Billings Mass Meeting Sponsors,
34
Mooney Defense Committee, 34
Mooney, Tom, 11, 107, 148, 153, 201, 226,
266,328,377
Moore, Prof. Douglas 240, 317, 331, 390
Moore, Frankie, 18
Moore, George H., 185, 239
Moore, Harriet L., 169, 170, 357
Moore, Helen, 375
Moore, Mrs. Jack (See Miriam Brooks)
Moore, Marianne, 331
Moore, Marilyn, 356
Moore, Phil, 317
Moore, Sam, 59, 183, 279, 280, 355
Moore, Sidney, 203
Moos, Elizabeth, 325
Morais, Herbert, 178
Moreau, Margaret, 195
Moreford, Richard, 322, 323, 328, 352
Moreland, Dr. Helen Hall, 13, 170, 177,
178
Morgan, Anne, 180
Morgan, Beatrice, 215
Morgan, Henry, 240, 356
Morgan Hull Section of the Communist
Party, 207
Morgan, John, 215
Morgan, Monty, 356
Morgan, Dr. Thomas L., 18
Morgan, Wallace, 331
Morgan, Willis, 383
Morley, Christopher, 248
Morley, Felix, 321
Morley, Karen, 198, 279, 356
Morning Freiheit, 136, 157
Morning Freiheit Association, 36, 38, 47,
136, 225
Morris, George, 343
Morris, Robert, 109, 110
Morris, Jr., Robert S., 355
Morris, Dean Samuel B., 112
Morris, Jr., William, 201, 263, 322, 323,
358
Morrison, Charles Clayton, 247, 321
Morrison, Dr. Lester M., 171
Morse, Mrs. Emily, 355
Morton, Hazel, 328
Morton, Lawrence, 170, 171, 317
Morton, Ruth A., 321
Mosby, Olive, 226
Moscow News, 107, 326
Moscow Pravda (See Pravda)
Moscow Trials, 96, 97, 325
Moses, Rabbi, 162
Mosk, Ed., 198, 355
Moskowitz, Charlotte, 334
Moskowitz, Harriet, 184, 185
Moss, Carleton, 183, 355, 378
Moss, Frank L., 210, 255
Mother Ella Reeve Bloor Banquet, 324,
336
Mother Russia, 326
Motion Picture Alliance for the Preser-
vation of American Ideals, 16
Motion Picture Artists Committee, 159,
168, 310
Motion Picture Artists Committee to Aid
Spanish Democracy, 256
Motion Picture Democratic Committee
(See Hollywood Motion Picture
Democratic Committee)
Moulton, Bishop Arthur W., 324
Moussinac, Leon, 278
Mr. Pine Faces Life, 341
Mt. Holyoke College, 353
Mucci, Frank, 343
Muehling, Charles, 355
Muelder, Prof. Walter, 255
Muenzenberg, Willi, 237, 242, 243
Mulzac, Hugh, 378
Mumford, Lewis, 151, 194, 199
Muni, Paul, 196, 250, 256, 310
Munson, Ona, 252, 255
Murdock, Steve, 185
Murphy, Amos, 383
Murphy, Jr., George, 378
Murphy, George S., 162, 163
Murphy, James, 196
Murphy, Marie, 18
Murphy, Mary, 230
Murphy, Maurice, 256
Murphy, W. K., 18
Murray Defense Committee, 34
Murray, Donald A., 316
Murray, James E., 324, 377
Murray, John, 378
Murray, Lyn, 240
Murray, Phillip, 181, 248, 324, 343
Murray, Vincent, 377
Murray's Dude Ranch, 203
Musicians' Committee to Aid Spanish
Democracy, 311, 391
Musicians' Congress, 116, 316
Musicians' Congress Committee, 310, 311,
316, 317
Musicians' Democratic Committee, 311
Musicians' Open Forum, 318
Mussa, Edward, 257
Mussolini, Benito, 32, 78
Muste, A. J., 109
Muster, Morris, 151
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
429
Muster, Stanley, 327
Myers, Dr. Alonzo F., 262, 320, 386
Myers, Frederick, 340
Myers, Frederick N., 114, 190
Myers, Gertrude, 227
Myers, Henry, 215, 372
Myers, Mrs. Henry, 252
N
NAACP (See National Association for
Advancement of Colored People)
NAACP Youth Council, 338
Naboisek, June, 215
Nadir, M., 194
Naileben, 225, 261
Naked City, 131
Nance, Merele, 343
Narodni Glasnik, 225, 269
Nasatir, Mrs. Esther, 355
Nash, Naomi, 378
Nash, N. Richard, 210
Nash, Dr. Philip C., 323
Nash, Willard, 389
Nason, Thomas W., 331
Nathan, Robert, 331
Nation, The, 246
National Association for the Advance-
ment of Colored People, 43, 149,
254, 338
National Broadcasting Company, 263, 264
National Citizens Political Action Com-
mittee, 38, 115, 116, 217, 254, 334,
335, 336
National Committee Against Censorship
of the Theatre Arts, 52, 130
National Committee for Browder and
Ford, 196
National Committee for People's Rights,
61, 122, 155, 156, 364
National Committee for the Defense of
Political Prisoners, 61, 112, 122,
155, 364
National Committee of the Communist
Party of the United States, 10,
94,95
National Committee of the International
Labor Defense, 93
National Committee to Abolish the Poll
Tax, 319, 320, 334, 335, 336
National Committee to Aid Victims of
German Fascism, 324
National Committee to Win the Peace,
124, 197, 318, 354
National Conference on China, 218
National Conference on Civil Liberties,
61, 335
National Conference on Constitutional
Liberties in America, 112
National Congress for Unemployment and
Social Insurance, 63, 324
National Council Against Conscription,
319, 320, 321
National Council for Protection of For-
eign Born Workers, 114, 321
National Council for Public Morale, 131
National Council for the Protection of
the Foreign Born, 113, 321
National Council of American-Soviet
Friendship, 38, 53, 65, 102, 123,
168, 169, 225, 226, 227, 228, 247,
321, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327,
334, 335, 336, 365, 366, 381
•National Council of Jewish Communists,
225
National Council of Negro Youth, 168
National Defense (Moscow), 123
National Emergency Conference, 115, 335
National Emergency Conference Against
the Government Wage Program,
263
National Emergency Conference for Dem-
ocratic Rights, 112, 115, 319, 327,
334, 335, 336
National Farm Labor Union, 337
National Farmers' Union, 354
National Federation for Constitutional
Liberties, 104, 115, 121, 134, 141,
166, 201, 226, 249, 253, 310, 324,
327, 328, 329, 330, 334, 335, 336,
342, 362, 381
National Free Browder Congress, 34
National Hunger March to Washington,
34
National Institute of Arts and Letters,
330
National Issues, 225
National Joint Action Committee for
Genuine Social Insurance, 73
National Labor Committee Against War,
342
National Lawyers Guild, 52, 147, 149,
163, 203, 205, 206, 221, 259, 318,
322, 331, 332
National Maritime Union, C.I.O., 115,
202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208,
209, 212, 293, 294, 296, 297, 339
National Negro Congress, 35, 61, 75, 93,
95, 148, 168, 180, 181, 182, 318,
333, 334, 335, 354, 355, 381
National Negro Women's Council, 75, 335
National People's Committee Against
Hearst, 151, 324, 333
National Reception Committee to the
Russian Delegation, 147
National Religion and Labor Founda-
tion, 335
National Right-to-Work Congress, 63, 336
National Share-Croppers Fund, 334, 336,
337
National Student League, 178, 337, 338,
377
National Unemployed League, 383
National Unemployment Councils, 383
National Wartime Conference of the Pro-
fessions, the Sciences, the Arts and
the White-Collar Fields, 97
National Win the Peace Committee, 112
National Youth Assembly Against UMT,
279, 338
Native Daughters of Golden West, 16, 19
Native Land, 247, 373
Native Sons of the Golden West, 17, 18
Navarro, Gabriel, 375
Nearing, Scott, 107, 145, 244, 245, 247,
248, 266, 270, 273, 338, 350
Neff, Dr. Walter, 162, 179, 270
Negro Artist in American Culture, 311
Negro Champion, 225
Negro Cultural Committee, 75
Negro Digest, 225
Negro Labor Victory Committee, 75
Negro People's Committee to Aid Spanish
Democracy, 335
Negro Playwrights Co., Inc., 97
Negro Quarterly, 225
Neihardt, John G., 331
430
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Neill, Thomas, 187
Neilson, Eleanor, 227
Neilson, William Allan, 170
Nelles, Walter, 145, 247
Nelson, Eleanor, 380
Nelson, George, 162
Nelson, Marjorie, 356
Nelson, Robert, 94, 356
Nelson, Rose, 199
Nelson, Ruth, 97
Nelson, Steve, 94, 213
Neues Deutschland, 119
Neville, Bob, 220
Nevins, Allan, 331
New Africa, 49, 225, 320
New Century Publishers, 36, 49, 214
New Currents, 99, 103, 119, 129, 130, 225
New Dance League, 52
Newhouse, Edward, 273, 389
New Jersey Independent Citizens' League,
354
New Leader, 117, 122
New Life (See Naileben)
Newman, Alfred, 311, 317
Newman, Mrs. George, 185
Newman, Mort, 214
New Masses, 35, 56, 93, 98, 99, 104, 115,
116, 117, 118, 119, 123, 126, 127,
129, 133, 145, 147, 148, 154, 155,
156, 157, 159, 165, 176, 191, 196,
197, 225, 238, 245, 260, 273, 275,
276, 310, 324, 338, 340, 344, 364,
365, 367, 368, 370
New-Masses Mainstream, 49
New Order, 225
New Pioneer, 225
New Theatre, 128, 167, 196, 225, 237,
278, 370, 371, 372, 392
New Theatre League, 52, 96, 128, 188, 370
New Times, 49, 225
New Union Press, 336
New Workers School, 11
New World, 49, 225
New World Quartette, 268
News Letter, 257
News of the World, 250, 341
News of World Labor, 225
News on Spain, 225
News Vendors Union, Local 75, CIO, 340
News Vendors Union, 207, 224, 309, 345
News You Don't Get, 156
Newton, Amos, 220
Newton, Dixie, 278
Newton, Ray, 320
New York Fur and Leather Workers,
CIO, 204, 206, 358
New York Peace Association, 336, 342
New York State Conference on National
Unity, 334
New York State Jewish Euro of the Com-
munist Party, 119
New York State Young Communist
League, 93
New York Sun, 363
New York Times, 118, 125, 133, 190, 358
New York Tom Mooney Committee, 147
New York University, 180, 325, 338
New York Workers School, 269, 318
New York World-Telegram, 117, 140
Neyman, Dr. Jerzy, 216
Niblo, Lorie, 210
Nichols, Dudley, 97, 114, 141, 152, 189,
239, 248, 249, 250, 255, 256, 258,
310, 328, 352, 373, 378, 390
Nichols, Mr. and Mrs. Dudley, 97
Nichols, Robert Hastings, 323
Nicol, Tony A., 259
Niebuhr. Reinhold, 151, 179, 320
Niebyl, Karl H., 95
Nisselson, Michael M., 354, 375
Nixon, Russell, 100, 318
Nolan, Doris, 210, 356
Nolan, Janet, 356
Nollen, John S., 321
Non-Partisan Committee for Reelection
of Congressman Vito Marcantonio,
34, 336, 381
Non-Partisan Labor Defense, 34
Non-Sectarian Committee for Political
Refugees, 75
Noon, A. Harold, 18
Noral, Alexander, 6, 234, 383
Norman, Marsha, 356
Norman, Winifred, 186, 188, 227, 339
Norris, Carol, 356
Norris, Mrs. Nixon, 328, 352
North, Alex, 163
North American Committee to Aid Span-
ish Democracy, 159, 166, 168, 196,
270, 310, 376
North American Spanish Aid Committee,
115
North Beach Branch of the Communist
Party of San Francisco, 11
North Berkeley Branch of the Communist
Party, 215
North, Joseph, 266, 270, 340
Northern California Civil Rights Coun-
cil, 136, 172
Northern California Council for Academic
Freedom and Civil Liberties, 111
Northern California Win the War Con-
ference, 218
Northwestern University Settlement, 246
Norton, Robert, 198, 353
Nortica, Mrs. Jack, 146
Novick, Paul, 157, 261
Novick, Samuel J., 115
Novymir, 145, 225
Now, 250, 341
Nowacki, Casimir, 374
Nowak, Stanley, 114, 201, 327
Nowell, William Odell, 333
Noyes, Alfred, 357
Nugent, Herbert, 214, 266
Nussbaum, Rabbi Max, 146, 147, 183, 198
Nykino, 238
Ny Tid, 225
Oakes, Grant W., 95, 163, 200, 351
Oakland Post-Enquirer, 14
Oakland Tribune, 14
Oakland Voters League, 195
Oberlin Political Action Committee, 354
Obermeier, Michael, 114
Obrana, 225
O'Brien, Clifford, 163, 272
O'Brien, Robert, 339
O'Casey, Sean, 96
Occidental College, 178, 353
Ocean Park News, 389, 390
O'Connell, Arthur, 356
O'Connell, Jerry, 244, 310, 328, 352, 377
O'Conner, Joseph, 63
O'Connor, Harvey, 95, 151, 162, 271
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
431
O'Connor, Jerry, 185
O'Connor, Jessie Lloyd, 95, 334
O'Connor, Judge J. F. T., 261
O'Connor, Joe, 306
O'Connor, Tom, 328, 352
O'Connor, Virgil, 163
O'Day, Caroline, 152, 327
O'Dell, Dr. and Mrs. William R., 194, 195
Odets, Bette, 97
Odets, Clifford, 96, 97, 101, 129, 141, 169,
176, 181, 188, 194, 196, 209, 234,
241, 244, 248, 249, 274, 370, 389,
391
O'Donnell, John, 163
Oechsli, Mrs. Leonard, 277, 278
Office of Price Administration, 148, 230,
299, 300
Office of War Information, 128
Offner, Herbert, 311, 314
Offner, Mortimer, 211
Of Mice and Men, 373
Ogden, Donald, 59
O'Hanneson, Phil, 18
O'Hara, John, 240
Okrand, Fred, 109, 110
Okun, Dr. S. B., 171
Olds, Elizabeth, 227
Olgin, Moissaye J., 97, 176, 194, 242, 243,
270
Oliver, Sy, 378
Oliver, William E., 170, 171, 183, 184,
190, 252
Olken, A., 213
Olmstead, F. L., 331
Olmsted, Mildred Scott, 320
Olsen, Henry, 94
Olsen, Reeva, 185
Olshausen, George, 249, 358
Olson, Culbert L., 114, 147, 181, 235, 251,
255, 351, 391
Olson, Leonard, 94
Onda, A. R., 343
O'Neill, Eugene, 324, 331
O'Neill, Genevieve D., 359
Opatoshu, Joseph, 274
Open Forum, 109, 110, 349
Open Letter Defending Harry Bridges,
381
Open Letter Defending Moscow Purge
Trials, 176
Open Letter for Closer Cooperation With
the Soviet Union, 65, 115, 169,
176, 342, 366
Open Letter Protesting Ban on Commu-
nists in American Civil Liberties
Union, 34, 55
Open Letter to American Liberals, 65,
169, 192, 324
Open Road, 336, 341
Operation Subsistence (Indiana), 339
Operation Subsistence (Michigan), 338
Oppenheim, Harry C., 311
Oppenheimer, Frank, 172
Oppenheimer, George, 210
Oppenheimer, Herb, 339, 393
Oppenheimer, Prof. J. R., 144, 172, 173,
174, 175, 236
Opperman, Robert, 383
Ordung, Wyatt, 356
Orlowsky, Max, 114
Ormandy, Eugene, 317
Orme, Mrs. J. Henry, 18
Ornitz, Donald Raymond, 152
Ornitz, Samuel, 97, 151, 152, 153, 154,
155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 176, 233,
239, 258, 266, 267, 274, 279, 357,
360
Ornitz, Mrs. Samuel (Sadie), 151, 152,
279
Ornitz, Mr. and Mrs. Samuel, 97, 105,
183
Orozco, J. David, 375
Orr, Harold, 59, 280, 281, 339, 355
Osland, R., 161
Osser, Gordon, 184
Osterreiche Rote Hilfe, 265
Ostroff, Isidore, 266
Ostrow, Mary, 266
Ostrow, Senial, 116, 202, 239, 279, 355
Otto, Richard S., 164, 279
Our World, 255
Overgaard, A., 244
Overstreet, Prof. H. A., 199
Overton, Katherine, 378
Owens, Angele, 356
Owens, Edgar, 243
Owens, Mrs. Marion, 271
Owiere, Frank J., 94
Oxnam, Bishop G. Bromley, 109, 324,
328, 352, 353
Ozias, Earl, 94
Pacht, Judge Isaac, 109, 239, 250, 256,
309, 332
Pacht, Jerry, 182, 309
Pacific Publishing Foundation, Inc., 342
Pacific Weekly, 49, 225, 341
Pack, Richard, 196
Packard, John C., 110
Packard, Mrs. John C., 278
Packard, Mr. and Mrs. Walter E., 195
Padilla, Dolores, 185
Page, Charles, 256, 310
Page, Mrs. Charles, 250, 256
Page, Kirby, 247
Page, Myra, 274
Painters' Union, 205
Palacios, Alfredo, 311, 313
Palca, Alfred, 374
Palmer, Mr. and Mrs. Silas, 144
Panama, Marcia, 211
Panama, Norman, 210
Pan Pacific Monthly, 225
Papirofsky, Joseph, 104, 356
Papurt, Maxwell J., 375
Paquerette Pathe Studio, 343
Paramount Mattress Co., 344
Paris, Ronnie, 356
Parker, Dr. (See V. A. K. Tashjian)
Parker, Barbour Klawans, 18
Parker, Dr. Beryl, 228, 229, 230
Parker, Dorothy, 97, 132, 189, 192, 232,
244, 248, 249, 250, 256, 277, 278,
310, 353, 376, 382, 389, 392
Parker, Jim, 356
Parker, Robert, 266
Parker, William H., 18
Parks, Larry, 60, 97, 104, 105, 129, 159,
241, 355
Parks, Perry, 280
Parmelee, Kenneth, 94
Parrott, Ursula, 244
Parsonnet, Marion, 210
432
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Parsons, Bishop Edward L., 114, 132,
144, 185, 201, 216, 233, 271, 321,
327, 328, 334, 336, 350, 352, 353,
358, 359
Parsons, Frank, 215, 220
Partos, Frank, 210
Partridge, Sid, 343
Party Organizer, The, 10, 302, 385
Pascal, Ernest, 210, 255
Paskoff, Benjamin, 270
Pass, Joseph, 266, 270
Pass, Morris, 270
Passion of Joan of Arc, 373
Patri, Giacomo, 185
Patri, Pierre, 184
Patrick, Albert, 355
Patten, Robert, 356
Patterson, Ellis E., 93, 95, 107, 116, 183,
201, 215, 253, 257, 268, 272, 309.
318, 382
Patterson, Dr. Frederick Douglas, 323
Patterson, Kenneth, 315, 356
Patterson, Samuel C., 268
Patterson Slate, 272
Patterson, William L., 93, 244, 245, 246,
266, 328
Pattiz, Oscar, 183, 184, 383
Patton, James G., 201
Pauker, Ann, 227
Paul, Elliot, 377, 389
Pauling, Dr. Linus, 255, 355
Pavzner, Sam, 196
Pawlowski, J., 259
Pax Productions, 341, 342
Paxton, John, 210
Paxton, John Edward, 211
Payne, Earle E., 343
Payne, Mrs. Elizabeth, 355
Payne, Will, 331
P. 0. A. (See Progressive Citizens of
America)
PC A News Release, 354
P. E. A. ( See People's Educational
Association)
Peabody, Bishop Malcolm E., 323
Peace Patriots, 246
Peacock, Johnny, 184
Pearlman, Norman, 116
Pearson, Ralph M., 248
Peattie, Donald C., 331
P. E. C. ( See People's Educational
Center)
Pecht, Judge C. E., 18
Peck, Gregory, 97, 198, 208, 210, 255, 355
Pedi, Tom, 356
Pegler, Westbrook, 297
Pell, Helen K., 358, 359
Pallet, Frank G., 183, 198, 239, 383
Pelsha, Prof. Chic, 144
Penevaroff, George, 288
Penn, Leo, 356
Penna, Miss Genevieve, 18
Pennell, Bill, 279
Penneman, Alice, 372
Pennypacker, Anna M. W., 163
Peonage — 1940 Style Slavery, 93
People's Artists, 392
People's Chorus, 392
People's Committee to Investigate
Un-American Activities, 342
Peoples Congress for Peace and
Democracy, 150
People's Council of America, 246
People's Daily World, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11,
12, 35, 49, 56, 86, 98, 99, 102, 104,
105, 119, 120, 121, 123, 126, 127,
130, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138,
139, 140, 147, 153, 154, 155, 156,
157, 158, 159, 165, 167, 170, 172,
176, 177, 190, 191, 195, 209, 212,
213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 224,
225, 231, 235, 251, 266, 274, 275,
277, 291, 309, 330, 338, 340, 341,
342, 343, 344, 345, 346, 349, 350,
363, 364, 369, 371, 384, 388
People's Daily World Press Conference,
353
People's Educational Association ( See
People's Educational Center)
People's Educational Center, 51, 53, 56,
95, 98, 105, 120, 121, 138, 148,
165, 178, 223, 269, 346, 347, 348,
349, 350, 369, 373
People's Forum, 104
People's Institute of Applied Religion,
131
People's Orchestra, 392
People's Peace, 350
People's Press, 225
People's Radio Foundation, 392
People's Sonas, 225, 392
People's Voice, 225
People's World (See People's Daily
World)
Pepper, Senator Claude E., 183, 318, 324,
354
Pepper, George, 251, 254, 357, 393
Percy, Dr. Willard W., 18
Peregoy, Mr. and Mrs. John, 195
Perelman, S. J., 189
Perkins, Lloyd R., 211
Perlberg, William, 252
Perlow, Max, 119, 196
Perriere, Michel, 311, 314
Perrin, Nat, 252, 255, 355
Perrott, Ruth, 356
Perry, Eloise, 355
Perry, Jennings, 334, 336
Perry, Pettis, 183, 213, 343
Perry, Prof. Ralph Barton, 324, 331
Persily, Charles, 259
Persky, Sara Lee, 375
Peters, Dr. E. C., 323
Peters, Dr. John P., 262, 324
Peters, Paul, 97, 194, 266, 273, 278
Peters, Dr. Ralph, 344
Peterson, Dena, 161
Peterson, Dorothy, 277, 278
Peterson, John, 94
Peterson, Paul, 215
Petition to Free Earl Browder, 342
Petition to Grant Pardons to McNamara
and Smith, 34
Petrova, Olga, 114
Petrovich, Frank, 374
Pettengill, Dr. Robert B., 109
Pettingill, Stuart, 329, 352
Pettus, Terry, 329
Pevzner, Sam, 268
Pfalsgraf, Edith, 195
Pfeiffer, Charles, 233
Phelps, Wallace, 274
Phi Beta Kappa Alumni, 170
Philadelphia Academy of Music, 128
Philadelphia North American, 276
Philadelphia Stage for Action, 392
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
433
Philadelphia Youth Council Against
Conscription, 339
Philips, Harold Cooke, 321
Phillips, Barney, 356
Phillips, Bernard, 356
Phillips, Helen, 228, 229, 230
Phillips, Dr. Hubert, 216
Phillips, James H., 18
Phillips, J. W., 143, 198
Photo-History, 225
Piatigorsky, Gregor, 317
Piatt, Prof. Donald, 183
Picasso, Pablo, 376
Pichel, Irving, 58, 60, 152, 171, 250, 252,
255, 256, 257, 276, 317, 357, 373,
382
Pickens, William, 107, 266, 327
Picture Digest, 225
Picture Scoop, 225
Pieper, Mary, 195
Pier, Arthur S., 331
Pierce, James, 94
Pieri, Vincent, 188
Pierson, Dr. Emily, 323, 324
Piledrivers and Bridge Builders Local 34,
163
Pilot, The, 294
Pinchot, Cornelia Bryce, 278
Pinchot, Gifford, 353
Pinchot, Mrs. Gifford, 228, 230, 334, 336
Pine, Elanore, 356
Pinner, Dr. Max, 271
Pinski, David, 248
Pinsky, Paul, 236, 298, 299, 300
Pinsky, Sarah, 299
Pinson, Pearl, 184
Pious, Minerva, 186
Piscator, Erwin, 278
Pisk, Dr. Paul, 171
Piston, Walter, 317, 331
Pitcairn, Frank, 343
Pittman, John, 213, 226, 342, 343
Pittman, Norma, 184
Pittman, Dr. and Mrs. William R., 195
Pitts, Lila Bell, 392
Plain Talk, 120
Platt, David, 233, 343, 371
Plotkin, Rabbi Benjamin, 196
Plow That Broke the Plains, The, 247
Ployardt, John, 356
Plunkert, William, 235
P. M., 109, 192
Podselver, Judith, 374
Poe, Clarence, 321
Poggioli, Prof. Renato, 271
Pokorne, Milton, 226
Polack, Anne, 308
Polack, Francis, 308
Polainas, Juan, 342, 343
Polansky, Abe, 261
Poletti, Johnny, 183, 356
Polier, Shad, 265
Political Action Committee (CIO) , 195,
254, 353, 354
Political Affairs, 35, 49, 86, 225, 252,
364, 387
Pollack, Anne, 254
Pollack, Francis, 254
Pollack, Mrs. Fred, 241
Pollock, Arthur, 378
Pollock, Mrs. Fred C., 146, 149
Pollock, George G., 18
Polonsky, Abraham L., 104, 105
29— L-7088-D
Pomerance, William, 104, 184, 252, 255
Ponder, Max P., 146
Pool, Mrs. David De Sola, 227
Poole, Abram, 331
Poole, Ernest, 331
Poor, Henry V., 331-
Pope, Prof. Arthur Upham, 114, 131, 169,
200, 208, 322, 323, 326, 329, 350,
351, 352, 353, 390
Pope, Gordon, 311
Pope, Henry W., 324
Popoff, Dimitri, 374
Popov, Alexei, 278
Popova, Elizabeth A., 177, 178, 231
Popova, Mme. Nina, 228
Popper, Martin, 208, 332, 352
Porter, Anne, 248
Porter, Mr. and Mrs. Bruce, 144
Porter, Mrs. George F., 170
Porter, Jean, 210
Porter, Katherine, 331
Porter, Quincy, 331
Posner, Jerome, 183, 375
Posner, Louis S., 114
Posner, Saul, 311, 312
Postak, Stanley, 285
Postel, Waldo F., 18
Potamkin, Harry A., 270
Potamkin, Lawrence, 266
Potash, Irving, 204, 205, 206, 209, 212,
213, 244
Poteat, Dr. Edwin McNeil, 198
Potofsky, Jacob S., 208
Pottenger, Dr. Francis M., 170, 171, 271,
350, 352
Potter, Ellen C., 375
Poulsen, Dr. Edward C., 18
Poulson, Harper W., 62
Powell, Jr., Rev. A. Clayton, 96, 114, 151,
169, 181, 186, 196, 200, 202, 208,
323, 324, 327, 329, 334, 351, 352,
353
Powell, Helene, 184, 185
Powers, George E., 268
Powers, Maxwell, 317
Poynter, Nelson, 263
Pozner, Vladimir, 261
Prager, Stanley, 356
Pransky, Meyer, 146, 149
Pratt, Eliot D., 334, 336
Pratt, Glenn, 252
Pratt, L. D., 18
Pravda, 119
Freeze, Harold (Alias Richard Randall) ,
93
Presnell, Bob, Jr., 210
Presnell, Marsha Hunt, 211
Pressman, Lee, 265, 270, 329, 331, 353
Pressman, Sophia, 151
Press Propaganda and War, 216
Prestes Defense, 55, 335, 381
Prestes, Luis Carlos, 363
Preston, Charles, 151
Preston, Evelyn, 248
Prevey, Marguerite, 243
Price, Enoch, 163
Price, Joe, 280
Price, Vincent, 210, 357
Pridinoff, Erick Lionel, 14, 140
Primoff , George, 268
Primrose, William, 317
Prince, Frank, 117
Princeton University, 239
434
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Pritchard, Jules O., 18
Pritchett, Harold, 332
Prival, Jean, 277
Private Hicks, 96, 128
Problems of Leninism, 42
Proctor, Lyle M., 185
Progressive A. F. of L., 38, 62, 63
Progressive Book Shop, 120, 224, 343,
390
Progressive Citizen, 354
Progressive Citizens of America, 38, 41,
52, 55, 59, 60, 62, 63, 77, 105, 129,
139, 147, 148, 158, 168, 192, 203,
207, 218, 219, 231, 254, 319, 326,
346, 353, 354, 355, 357, 371, 393
Progressive Citizens of America (Saw-
telle Chapter), 203
Progressive Citizens of Cincinnati, 354
Progressive Citizens of Cleveland, 354
Progressive Citizens of Ohio, 354
Progressive Committee to Rebuild the
American Labor Party, 342
Progressive Women's Council, 142
Proletarian Literature in the United
States, 120, 194
Prompt Press (209), 180, 196
Protest Against Ban on Browder, 55
Protestant, 93, 225, 320, 352
Protestant Digest, 93, 225, 320
Protestant People's Institute of Applied
Religion, 336
Provisional Committee for Democracy in
Radio, 392
Pryor, Robert, 356
Public Employees Union, C.I.O., 148
Public Use of Arts Committee, 34, 381
Purck, Jacob, 266
Purdy, Robert J., 171
Putnam, Brenda, 331
Putnam, Samuel, 340
Putney, Rev. Max C., 114
Juallo, Mrs. Isabel, 5
Juiel, Mrs. Lucile, 18
Juill, Michael J., 114, 162, 201, 211, 270,
324, 328, 329, 350, 351, 352, 375
>uillian, William FM 181
(uince, Peter, 341
fuinn, Anthony, 104, 105
>uinn, Katherine de Mille, 198
luinn, Mike, 193, 268, 343
lintana, Delores, 356
Races of Mankind, 192, 228
Rader, Dr. Melvin, 249
Raderman, Lou, 311, 314
Radin, Prof. Max, 109, 114, 144, 195
Radin, Prof, and Mrs. Max, 195
Radin, Prof. Paul, 199
Radio Station KYA (See KYA)
Radio Writers' Guild, 342
Radnik, 225
Ragland, Robert, 215
Railroad Workers Link, 49, 225
Rainer, Louise, 248, 278, 310
Rakoczy, Regina, 151
Raksin, David, 317
Rameau, Emil, 356
Ramiriz, Nicholas, 94
Ramsey, Prof. J. B., 109, 110
Randall, Richard (See Harold Freeze)
Randau, Carl, 323
Randolph, A. Philip, 109, 151, 181
Randolph, Lee F., 144
Rand School, 246
Rankin, Congressman John E., 260
Rapee, Erno, 311
Raper, Arthur, 334, 336
Rapf, Maurice, 260, 372
Raphaelson, Sampson, 310
Rapp-Coudert Committee, 159, 179, 331
Raskin, David, 374
Raskin, Mildred, 121, 369
Rathbone, Basil, 358
Rathborne, Mervyn, 141, 151, 162, 185,
201
Rathbun, Harry J., 329
Ratner, Jeanne, 327
Rausch, Fred, 233
Rautenstrauch, Prof. Walter, 112, 114,
141, 151, 162, 201, 211, 233, 234,
249, 263, 270, 271, 328, 329, 350,
351, 352, 358, 377, 391
Rawley, Callman, 375
Ray, Dorothy (See Dorothy Healy)
Raymond, Harry, 233, 343
Raymond, Philip, 244, 245, 246
Reader's Scope, 225
Realism in the American Film, 373
Recovery Through Revolution, 245
Red Dean of Canterbury ( See Hewlett
Johnson)
Red Decade, 245
Redner, Marion, 215
Redyn, Hildy, 377
Reed, Alan, 356
Reed, Dorothy, 339
Reed, John, 118, 270
Reed, Robert, 377
Reed, William, 94
Rees, C. L., 343
Reeve, Karl, 266
Reeves, Floyd W., 321
Refregier, Anton, 151, 189, 216, 270
Refugee Scholarship and Peace
Campaign, 151
Regan, John T., 18
Reichstag Fire Trial Anniversary Com-
mittee, 34, 133, 190, 336, 381
Reid, Dr. Ira DeA. ( See DeA. Reid,
Dr. Ira)
Reid, Neil W., 18
Reigger, Wallingford, 327, 329, 352
Reilly, Joe, 339
Reiner, Dr. Fritz, 263, 311, 317
Reinhardt, Ad, 377
Reinhardt, Dr. Aurelia, 144, 195
Reinstein, Carl, 213
Reis, Bernard J., 378
Reis, Clare, 317
Reis, Irving, 210
Reis, Mita, 97
Reis, Rachel, 184
Reisman, Phil, 261
Reissig, Herman, 248
Reiter, Al, 356
Reneau, Rev. L. W., 358
Reneker, Jane, 215, 220
Renn, Ludwig, 266
Renno, Vincent, 356
Renoir, Jean, 374
Replogle, Ellsworth, 268
Reporter, 225
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
435
Report From Washington, 225
Report on World Affairs, 225
Repplier, Agnes, 331
Resner, Herbert, 215, 332
Resnick, Sam, 356
Retail Clerks' Union, 383
Revere, Ann, 59, 202, 209, 356, 357
Revolutionary Writers Federation, 245
Rexroth, Andree, 6
Rey, Frances, 356
Rey, John, 244
Reynolds, Bertha C., 271, 327, 375
Reynolds, Dr. Louis G., 358, 359
Reynolds, Malvina, 357
Reynolds, Roth, 315
Reznick, David, 171
Rhetta, Virgil, 156
Ricardo, Elizabeth, 213
Rice, Elmer, 109, 113, 114, 151, 188, 238,
248, 273, 323, 331, 353, 358, 389
Rice, Robert, 377
Rice, Prof. William Gorham, 271
Richards, Ann, 268
Richards, Hodee, 343
Richards, Robert, 356
Richards, Sylvia, 210
Richardson, A. J., 63
Richardson, Barbara, 184, 185
Richardson, Harold B., 339
Richie, Amelia, 152
Richman, Ben, 13, 177, 382
Richman, Marian, 356
Richman, Matthew, 355
Richmond, Al, 342, 343
Ricker, A. W.. 114
Ridle, Raymond, 383
Riegger, Wallingford, 311, 323, 353
Rienfeld, Walter, 273
Rifkin, Leo, 186
Rifkin, Sonia, 356
Riley, Alfred, 259
Rinaldo, Ben, 280, 387
Rinaldo, Frederic, 258, 275, 330, 355
Ripley, John, 280
Risdon, Elizabeth, 278
Risken, Everett, 252, 255
Riskin, Mrs. E., 97
Rittenberg, Violet, 185
River, W. L., 276
Rivera, Rosendo, 164
Rivkin, Allen, 97
Rivkin, Lawrence, 201
RKO Studios, 260
Road From Ran Francisco, The, 217
Robbins, Evelyn, 146
Robbins, Raymond, 357
Rohbins, Samuel, 386
Robel, Charles, 179
Roberson, Mason, 343
Robert Merriam Post (V. of the
A. L. B.),218
Roberts. Dr. Bertram L., 344
Roberts, Gale. 356
Roberts, Holland D., 97, 170, 171, 176,
177, 185, 199, 325, 343
Roberts, Dr. and Mrs. Holland, 216
Roberts, Stephen, 356
Roberts, William (See Wayne Ronka)
Robeson, Paul, 96, 101, 102, 113, 114,
128, 136, 151, 162, 183, 189, 193,
194, 198, 200. 201, 203, 208, 218,
233, 247, 248, 262, 318, 320, 329,
340, 346, 351, 352, 353, 354, 357,
390, 392
Robeson, Jr., Paul, 339
Robeson, Mrs. Paul, 172
Robins, Raymond, 170, 324
Robinson, B., 331
Robinson, Boardman, 263, 270
Robinson, Earl, 97, 162, 183, 189, 198,
249, 255, 258, 270, 279, 317, 324,
352, 355
Robinson, Edward G., 114, 132, 171, 183,
198, 201, 211, 252, 254, 255, 263,
355
Robinson, Mrs. Edward G., 358
Robinson, Geroid T., 170
Robinson, Gladys, 210
Robinson, Jack, 373
Robinson, Olga K., 233
Robinson, Ray, 378
Robinson, Reid, 107, 114, 151, 162, 181,
198, 201, 211, 248, 319, 324, 327,
328, 329, 351. 352, 377
Robinson, Robert, 233
Robson Hall, UCLA, 280
Robyn, Paul, 311, 314
Rochester, Anna, 270
Rockwell, John L., 4, 5, 6,
Rockwell, Norman, 240
Roden, John R., 198
Rodin, Dr. and Mrs. Frank H., 195
Rodney, Lester, 233
Roe, Dr. N. P., 211
Roeder, Ralph, 271
Rogell, Al, 252, 255
Roger, Sidney, 8, 92, 132, 215, 216, 217,
218, 219
Rogers, Ben, 226
Rogers, Bernard, 331
Rogers, Bill, 4
Rogers, Henry C., 210, 211
Rogers, Howard Emmett, 190
Rogers, Prof. Paul P., 334
Rogers, Ralph, 185
Rogers, Sheila, 356
Rogers, Jr., Will, 388, 389
Rogers, Jr., Mrs. Will, 375
Rogge, O. John, 60
Rogin, Prof, and Mrs. Leo. 195
Role of the Actor, The, 311
Role of the Motion Picture in Shaping
the Future, 138
Rolfe, Edwin, 93, 129, 370
Rolland, Remain, 119, 271, 278
Rollins, William, 274
Romaine, Isaac (Alias V. J. Jerome) , 97,
135, 148, 158, 166, 169, 176, 250,
371
Romaine, Paul, 95, 97
Rome, Harold. 210, 324
Rondstadt, Bob, 378
Ronka, Wayne, 311, 312
Ronnell, Anne, 311
Rooks, Evelyn Rideout, 211
Rooks, Lyle, 211
Rooks, Shelby, 321
Roosevelt, Dorothy K., 202
Roosevelt, Mrs. Eleanor, ISO, 232
Roosevelt. Faye Emerson, 240
Roosevelt, President Franklin Delano, 33,
64, 96, 132, 139, 148, 153, 160, 162,
164, 180, 191, 200, 216. 238, 252,
257, 261, 262, 272, 275, 332, 351
Rose, Betsy, 211
Rose, Elaine, 184, 188
Rose, Norman, 211
Rosek, Mrs. Katherine, 18
436
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Rosen, Anne C., 170
Rosen, Edward, 233
Rosen, Helen, 354
Rosen, Joseph A., 323
Rosen, Robert, 185
Rosen, Samuel, 171
Rosenberg, Anna, 270
Rosenberg, I., 270
Rosenberg, Jacob, 358
Rosenfeld, Dr. Kurt, 323
Rosenfield, Maurice, 266
Rosenfield, Nancy, 184, 185
Rosengarten,Phil, 268
Rosenhouse, Minna, 141
Rosenthal, Judge Ben, 146, 147, 149, 221,
222, 244, 249
Rosenthal, Charles, 233, 359
Rosenthal, Doris, 114
Rosenthal, Herschel, 146
Roseuthal, Julius, 270
Rosenthal, Paul, 151
Rosenthal, William H., 183, 185
Rosenwald, Francis, 210
Ross, Al, 343
Ross, Barney, 183
Ross, Carl, 181, 182, 185, 186
Ross, Carol, 186
Ross, Edward Alsworth, 248
Ross, Gilbert, 311
Ross, Lillian, 186
Ross, Dr. Maxwell, 196
Ross, Nat, 212
Ross, William, 163
Rosselle, C., 268
Rossen, Robert, 171, 189, 252, 258, 263,
276, 279
Rossi, Ding, 184
Rossman, Hyman, 94
Rotary International, 18 ,
Roth, Esther Klein, 317
Roth, Henry L., 317
Roth, Judge Lester W., 132
Rothbard, Samuel L., 265
Rothbaum, Jacob, 196
Rothblatt, Aaron, 146, 149, 183, 279
Rothchild, John, 170, 341
Rothman, Ben, 340
Rothman, Michel, 198
Rowland, Edith, 259
Roybal, Ed, 346
Royle, Selena, 356, 357, 358, 374
Rozsa, Miklos, 317
Rubane, Bernice, 356
Rubin, Alex, 356
Rubin, Barnard, 226
Rubin, Henry, 94
Rubin, J., 115
Rubin, Raye, 183
Rubin, Stanley, 210
Rubine, Irving, 210
Rubinstein, Annette T., 141, 271
Rubinstein, Arthur, 255, 317
Rubinstein, Beryl, 311
Rubir, Anna H., 151
Rubsamen, Dr. Walter, 171, 311
Rudine, C. L. Roy, 18
Rudy, Sidney, 216
Ruf , Walter, 275
Rugg Textbooks, 320
Rukeyser, Muriel, 248
Runyan, H. Gatch, 18
Ruskin, Shimen, 356
Russ, Mrs. Ruth W., 227
Russell, Bob, 392
Russell, Rev. Clayton D., 183, 215, 252,
375
Russell, Prof. Frank M., 144
Russell, Louis J., 97, 116, 132, 152, 164,
189, 258, 274, 276, 361
Russell, Maud, 208
Russell, Mrs. W. (See Jean L. Bowie)
Russia in Phonograph Records, 393
Russian-American Industrial Corp., 65
Russian American Society, Inc., 217
Russian Famine Relief Committee, 65
Russian Reconstruction Farms, 145, 169,
334, 336, 357
Russian War Relief, 147, 168, 216, 319,
326, 335, 357, 358
Russo, Tony, 343
Rutgers University, 239
Ruthenberg, Charles E., 232, 233, 238,
246, 266
Ruthven, Madelene, 278, 310
Rutlege, Winthrop, 341
Ryan, Peggy, 183
Ryan, Robert, 211
Ryan, W. Carson, 325
Ryland, Rev. E. P., 109, 110, 152, 179,
233, 249, 271, 358, 359
Ryland, Mrs. E. P., 277, 278
S
Sabath, Adolph J., 114, 318
Sacher, Harry, 270, 378
Sacker, Harvey, 259
Sackheim, Jean, 161
Sacramento Bee, 14
Sacramento Unwn, 14
Sage, Francis, 356
Sailors Union of the Pacific, 285, 296, 304
Sale, Mrs. Lemp I., 259
Sale, Richard, 211
Salemson, Harold, 343
Salese, Anthony, 339
Salisbury, Dr. Harry R., 18
Sails, Ruth, 18
Salt, Waldo, 104, 258
Saltzman, R., 268
Salute, 225
Salute to Young America, 137, 147, 149
Salve, Jeanette, 184, 185
Salvin, Dr. Monte, 279
Salvin, Mrs. Monte, 146
Salzman, Reuben, 167, 268
Samorodin, Nina, 114
Sandburg, Carl, 162, 317
Sandburg, Mrs. Carl, 278
San Diego Labor Union Weekly, 133
Sandoz, Mari, 199
Sanford, John, 374
San Francisco Call-Bulletin, 14, 299
San Francisco Chronicle, 10, 11, 390
San Francisco Examiner, 10, 14
San Francisco Workers School, 10, 11
San Jule, James, 185, 218
San Pedro Committee, 172
Sans, Seki, 278
Santa Monica Club, 214
Sapper, Mr. and Mrs. Harry J., 195
Sarber, J. D., 195
Sare, Alfred, 278
Saroyan, William, 331
Savage, Congressman, 318
Savelle, Dr. Maxwell, 185, 216, 329, 352
Savory, Gerald, 240
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
437
Sawyer, Harold, 215, 272, 332, 359
Sawyer, Nell, 215
Saxe, Alfred, 278
Sazer, Henry, 221
Saznanie, 225
Scandrett, Jr., Richard B., 170, 248
Scarbrough, Mrs. Hartwell E., 198, 200
Schachtman, Max, 107
Schallert, William J., 356
Schappes Defense Committee, 34, 55, 118,
336, 352, 363, 381
Schappes, Morris U., 97, 118, 130, 178,
270, 343, 352, 363
Schary, Dore, 183, 254, 255, 260, 261,
360, 361
Schatz, Phillip, 186
Schendel, Herman, 194, 195
Scherer, Marcel, 235, 236
Schermerhoru, Charles, 376
Scherr, Sue, 184
Schevill, Prof. Rudolph, 271
Schick, Dr. Bela, 114
Schieffelin, William J., 145, 186, 208
Schieffelin, Mrs. W. Jay, 227
Schiff, Eileen, 356
Schiff, Philip, 181
Schilling, Miss Else, 145
Schindler, Pauline G., 329, 352
Schlaifer, lone, 215
Schlauch, Margaret, 141, 227, 270, 327,
329, 334, 352, 392
Schlecker, Jimmie, 186
Schlesinger, Arthur M., 179
Schlessberg, H., 259
Schlipf, Paul S., 220, 249
Schmidt, Henry, 107, 163, 200, 249, 285,
351
Schmidt, Randal (Alias Pete Smith) ,
294, 295, 296, 297, 339
Schnabel, Artur, 263
Schnapper, Morrie, 196
Schnee, Thelma, 329, 352
Schneider, Aaron D., 339
Schneider, Beno, 278
Schneider, Etta, 193
Schneider, Isidor, 194, 270, 274, 340
Schneider, Rea M., 177
Schneider, Theodore, 94
Schneiderman, Anna Center, 228, 230
Schneiderman-Darcy Defense Committee,
5, 6, 7, 34, 253, 336, 358, 359
Schneiderman, Defense Committee, 34
Schneiderman, Rose, 114, 181, 227, 327,
351
Schneiderman, William, 10, 12, 29, 120,
122, 155, 213, 219, 290, 306, 332,
358, 359
Schnell, Frederick A., 18
Schnurr, Paul F., 185, 217
Schock, Margaret, 329
Schoenfeld, Bernard C., 372
Schoenrich, Otto, 247
Schofield, — . — ., 268, 269
Schofield, Allison E., 18
School for Democracy, 168, 269
School for Writers, The, 101
Schreiber, Georges, 271
Schuchett, Natalie, 356
Schuman, Frederick L., 151, 198, 227
Schuman, William, 331
Schuster, George N., 181
Schuster, M. Lincoln, 263
Schuyten, Mrs. Inez, 271
Schwab, Irving, 329
Schwab, Oliver, 252
Schwartz, Arthur, 252, 255
Schwartz, Joseph J., 375
Schwartz, Louis, 13, 177, 340
Schweinsent, Robert, 94
Science and Society, ?25
Scientists' Committee, 112
Scoop, 225
Scott, Adrian, 239, 241, 258, 355, 374
Scott, Allan, 211, 252
Scott, Arnold, 15
Scott, Ashmead, 252
Scott, Carl W., 226
Scott, Dorothy, 356
Scott, Evelyn, 356
Scott, Hazel, 317
Scott, Michael, 339
Scottsboro Defense Committee, 34, 61
Screen Actors' Guild, 312, 315
Screen Analysts Guild, 253
Screen Cartoonist Guild, 102
Screen Readers Guild, 253
Screen Writer, 137, 138, 275, 372, 373,
374
Screen Writers Guild, 52, 104, 128, 130,
131, 137, 138, 189, 190, 253, 257,
275, 359, 360, 361, 362, 372
Scriben, F., 273
Scudder, Dean Vido O., 271
Scudder, Viola D., 227
Scully, Frank, 183, 202, 244, 249, 250,
256, 374, 383, 384
Scully, Mrs. Frank, 277, 278
Scurocov, — . — ., 261
Seabrook, William, 199
Sealy Mattress Company, 219
Seaman, Mrs. Floyd J., 278
Seaman, Rev. Floyd J.,152
Searl, Herbert H., 94
Sears, Rev. Hayden B., 233
Sears, Jane, 215
Seaton, George, 211, 372, 374
Seattle Labor School, The, 54
Seaver, Edwin, 97, 189, 194, 261, 270,
273, 329
Second American Youth Congress, 181
Second Baptist Church (Los Angeles) ,
203
Second State- Wide Emergency Legisla-
tive Conference, 374
Secours Rouge International, 265
Seeds, Corinne A., 170, 171
Seeger, Charles, 317
Seeger, Peter, 356, 392
Seeley, Edward A., 18
Seeliger, Lloyd, 62
Seely, Charles S., 95, 141, 186
Segure, Rose, 8, 173, 234, 235, 236
Seigel, Ruth, 227
Seldes, George, 96, 97, 113, 114, 129, 141,
148, 163, 189, 211, 234, 244, 249,
265, 327, 328, 350, 351, 353, 370,
377, 391, 392
Seldes, Gilbert, 373
Seldes, Mrs. Gilbert, 227
Seldes, Helen, 277
Selfrid, Dr. Lao, 315
Selfridge, Mr. and Mrs. Russell, 145
Selling, Nettie, 186
Selly, Joseph P., 202, 323, 324
Selsam, Howard, 179, 270, 329, 340, 359
Seltzer, Sherwin, 356
Sen, Sun Yat, 273
Senk, Doris, 187, 339
438
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Serbian, Iwo, 269
Sergio, Lisa, 114, 132, 202, 227, 228
Serlin, Oscar, 240
Servin, Dr. Camilo, 375
Sessions, Roger, 331
Seventh Congress of the Communist In-
ternational, 99, 124, 157, 191
Severins, Jeanne, 15
Sewall, Sumner, 324
Sexton, Brendan, 383
Seymour, Whitney North, 109, 170, 357
Shackelford, Dr. Earl, 18
Shaffer, Nathan, 268
Shafran, Eva, 120, 121, 153, 369
Shain, Barney, 18
Shane, Maxwell, 256
Shangold, Ben, 377
Shannon, Samuel, 18
Shanzky, Michael, 94
Shapiro, Chaim, 183, 358, 359
Shapiro, Eudice, 317
Shapiro, Nathan, 355
Shapiro, Robert, 211
Shapiro, Victor A., 63, 221, 222
Shapley, Harlow, 59, 241, 262, 271, 327,
354
Shapovalov, Dr. Michael, 171, 323
Sharpe, Virginia, 356
Shaw, Artie, 163, 202, 254, 255, 279, 317
Shaw, Irwin, 96, 211, 213, 240, 249
Shaw, Robert, 372
Shay, Frank M., 18
Shayne, Robert, 356
Shearer, Douglas, 252, 255
Sheean, Vincent, 201, 244, 327
Sheldon, Mrs. Edwin R. 145
Shelton, John, 211
Shelton, Marti, 211
Shepherd, Arthur, 331
Shepherd, Yvonne, 343
Shepley, Henry B., 331
Sherman, Abe, 340
Sherman, Gilbert, 378
Sherman, Harry, 244
Sherman, Leonard, 340
Sherman, M. B., 323
Sherman, Natalie, 228
Sherman, Vincent, 241, 252, 255, 276,
374
Sherover, Miles M., 323
Sherrill, Rt. Rev. Henry K., 323
Sherwood, Mary, 184, 215
Sherwood, Robert, 331
Shibley, George, 355, 357
Shields, Art, 233, 343
Shikes, Ralph, 354
Shinberg, Arnold, 280. 281, 340
Shipka, Peter, 114, 141, 268, 350
Shipler, Rev. Guy Emery, 114, 151
Shipstead, Henrik, 247
Shirer, William L., 241
Shoor, Isaac, 266
Shore, Viola Brothers. 151. 152, 215, 250,
256, 277. 278, 329, 352
Shore, Wilma, 357, 374
Shorten, Charles, 378
Shott, Mrs. Herman, 277
Shou-Yi, Dr. Ch'En, 185
Shulberg. Budd W., 377
Shulman, Mordecai. 273
Shulman, Rube, 344
Shumlin, Herman, 113, 114, 141, 151, 232,
233, 240, 244, 248, 249, 255, 262,
323, 324, 328, 350, 352, 353, 354,
358, 377, 391, 392
Sibert, Arlene, 382
Sidney Roger Radio Fund, 215
Sidney, Sylvia, 188, 250, 256, 277, 278,
310
Siegal, Mrs. Louis, 195
Siegal, Sandy, 356
Siegmeister, Elie, 317
Sieroty, Jean, 198, 355
Sieroty, Julian, 279
Sieroty, Mrs. Julian, 279
Sieroty, Mr. and Mrs. Julian, 239
Sifton, Claire, 278
Sifton, Paul, 278
Sigerist, Dr. Henry E., 141, 151, 169, 170,
248. 323, 324, 326, 350, 353, 357
Sigma Xi Society (U. C. L. A.), 170
Signer, Herbert,' 186, 188, 213
Sigrid, Bert, 230
Sillen, Samuel, 233, 270, 340, 343
Silverman, Harriet, 107
Silverman, Sol, 216
Silvern, Jerry. 356
Silvers, Louis. 311
Silverstein. Max, 376
Simkhovitch, Mary K., 227, 375
Simmonds, Muriel, 215
Simmons, Carl (See Harry Bailey)
Simmons, Ernest J.. 169, 326
Simmons, Le Bron, 333
Simon, Abbott. 180, 193
Simon, Hal, 213
Simon, Helen, 343
Simon, Henry, 317
Simon Lubin Society, 35
Simon, S. Sylvan, 97
Simonov, Konstantin, 137, 177
Simons, William, 106
Simonson. Lee. 170
Simpson, Donald, 94
Simpson. Wanda, 376
Sims, D. H., 320
Sinatra, Frank. 147. 183, 255
Sinclair, John F., 247
Sinclair. Fpton, 248, 266, 270, 276, 329
331, 389
Sinjrer. ArthurH., 211
Singer, Bess, 277
Sinarer, Max, 18
Singer, Michael. 233
Sinjrh. R. Lai, 259, 344, 375
Sixth Congress of the Communist
International. 143
Sixty-Second Assemblv District
Communist CHub, 214
Skariatina, Irena. 227
Skinner, John, 375
Sklar, George, 97, 128, 131, 189, 273, 370,
378
Skoglund, Mrs. Esther, 19
Slaby, Frank, 220
Slade, Albee, 183. 375
Slade, Ruth. 62, 202
Slnff, Mrs. George, 355
Slavic American Youth Council (New
York City). 339
Slavic Council of Los Angeles,
268, 269, 374
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
439
Slavic Council Radio Program, 268
Slavin, William, 94
Slawson, John, 375
Sleepy Lagoon Defense Committee,
35, 103, 134, 365, 375
Slessinger, Tess, 249, 277
Sliven, Boroslaw, 94
Sloan, John, 263
Sloan, Raymond P., 324
Sloane, Marcella, 186
Sloate, Nathan, 376
Slochower, Harry, 179
Slote, Helen, 97, 259
Slovene National Congress, 66, 75
Small, Dave, 340
Small, Sasha, 266
Smallens, Alexander, 311
Smaney, June, 356
Smedley, Agnes, 273
Smiley, Dr. Frank, 171
Smiley, Glenn, 110
Smith, Art, 97, 104, 356
Smith, Bernard, 193
Smith, Billy D., 356
Smith, Claude M., 249
Smith Committee, 331
Smith, Darr, 59
Smith, Dr. David Stanley, 311
Smith, Don, 339
Smith, Dorothy Wysor, 375, 376
Smith, Edward 211
Smith, Edwin S., 322, 323, 326, 328
Smith, Ferdinand C., 202, 203, 204, 205,
206, 208, 209, 213, 294, 320, 375
Smith, Rev. Frank, 162
Smith, Fred (See Alfredo Palacios)
Smith, Gerald L. K., 74, 75, 220, 221,
254, 308
Smith, Hal, 373
Smith, Jack, 285
Smith, Jackie, 184
Smith, James, 200, 351
Smith, Jeffrey, 185
Smith, Jesse, 268
Smith, Jessica, 323
Smith, Lorna DM 233
Smith, Maurice P., 376
Smith, Moranda, 226
Smith, Norman, 346, 378
Smith, Pete, (See Randal Schmidt)
Smith, Prentice G., 19
Smith, Mrs. Ralph, 109, 110
Smith, Randolph, 390, 391, 392
Smith, Robert L., 239
Smith, S. Stephenson, 151
Smith, Vern, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13
Smith, Supervisor William A., 260
Smittcamp, Earl, 19
Smodoff, Peter, 311, 312
Smolokov, 101
Sneddon, John, 282, 283, 284, 285, 287,
288, 302, 303
Sniadoff, Peter (See Peter Smodoff)
Snow, Clyde H., 356
Snow, Edgar, 141, 151, 198, 199, 234,
357, 358
Snow, Mrs. Edgar, 198
Snow, Martha, 356
Snyder, Dr. Louise M., 278
Soars, Theodore G., 329, 352
Sobel, Herman, 392
Sobel, Louis, 375
Social Worker, 382
Social Workers Committee to Aid
Spanish Democracy, 334
Social Workers Local 558, 55
Social Work Today, 225, 375, 381
Society for Cultural Relations With
Foreign Countries, 107
Society for Technical Aid to
Soviet Russia, 243, 375
Sockman, Ralph W., 321
Sokolow, Anna, 378
Sollins, Jude, 161
Solnit, Ben, 355
Soluit, Mrs. Ben, 241
Solomon, Anne, 185
Solomon, Dr. and Mrs. Joseph C., 216
Solomon, Miriam, 376
Solomon, Willy, 185
Solotoy, Percy, 355
Soinmer, Col. Henry, 19
Sondergaard, Gale, 97, 105, 132, 265,
277, 278, 356, 358
Sondergaard, Hester, 329, 352, 377
Soper, Grant F., 19
Soreusen, Gothard W., 215
Sorokin, Dr. P. A., 324
Sorrell, Herbert K., 92, 106, 160, 179,
183, 201, 202, 214, 215, 223, 249,
252, 253, 257, 267, 272, 309, 329,
330, 344, 352, 358, 359, 375, 382,
384
Soule, Rev. Alfred M., 329
Soule, George, 96, 113, 181, 273, 327, 351,
391
Southard, Mary, 226
South Berkeley Club of the Communist
Party, 215
Southern California Branch of the Na-
tional Federation for Constitu-
tional Liberties, 137
Southern California Committee for
State FEPC, 147
Southern California Committee to Win
the Peace, 319
Southern California Progressive
Citizens of America, 139
Southern California Retail Druggists'
Assn., Ltd., 15
Southern California Youth Congress, 148
Southern Conference for Human Wel-
fare, 38, 73, 168, 318, 319, 320,
334, 335, 336, 354
Southern Negro Youth Congress, 180,
335, 338
Southern News Almanac, 163
Southern Tenant Farmers Union, 337
Southland Jewish Organization, 383
Southwest Berkeley Club
(Communist Party), 220
Soviet Communism: A New
Civilization f, 370
Soviet Culture, 176, 225
Soviet Information Bureau, 326
Soviet-Japanese Pact, 144
Soviet Jewish Delegation to the
United States, 156
Soviet Minorities, 176
Soviet People at War, The, 101
Soviet Pictorial, 243
Soviet Power, 326
Soviet Russia, 225, 267
Soviet Russia, Official Organ of the Rus-
sian Soviet Government Bureau,
243
440
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Soviet Russia Today, 36, 49, 65, 99, 123,
156, 169, 192, 225, 244, 246, 248,
261, 324, 325, 366
Soviet Sports, 225
Soviet State Tourist Co., 341
Sowerby, Leo, 331
Soyer, Raphael, 248, 263
Spaeth, Sigmund, 199, 311
Spalding, Albert, 331
Spanish Refugee Appeal, 115, 125, 134,
141, 217, 218, 270, 346
Spanish Speaking Peoples Congress, 309
Sparks, Nemmy, 213, 259, 343
Spaulding, Sumner, 311
Spear, Emerson, 171
Spector, Frank, 13, 177, 222, 223,
266, 306
Spector, Herman, 270
Spector, Julia, 185
Spector, Louis, 14
Speede, Al, 252
Speer, Prof. Robert K., 226, 328, 334,
392
Speicher, Eugene, 331
Spencer, Mrs., 203
Spencer, Frank G., 95, 151
Spencer, Frederick, 198
Spencer, Kenneth, 392
Sperling, Mrs. Milton, 255
Speyer, Edgar, 247
Spiegel, Cecile, 161
Spitz, Mrs. Leo, 211
Spitzer, Marian, 249, 252, 255, 278, 355
Spivack, Robert G., 377
Spivak, John L., 194, 273
Spliterling, Mrs. Mon, 352
Spofford, Rev. William B., 109, 186
Spotlight, 186, 225, 370
Spotlight on Spain, 217
Springer, Mel, 146
Sproul, Dr. Gordon, 389
S'Renco, John, 279
Sroog, Arnold, 233
Stachel, Jack, 176, 212, 213, 244, 245,
246, 343
Stack, Joe, 293, 294, 295, 297
Stack, Mabel, 376
Stack, Walter J., 200, 285, 297, 343, 351
Stackpole, Ralph, 358, 359
Stadler, Prof. L. J., 271
Stafford, Harry N., 386
Stage for Action, 392
Stahl, Willye, 317
Stahl, Mrs. Willye, 317
Staley, Prof. Eugene, 199
Stalin-Hitler Pact, 33, 63, 93, 96, 99, 104,
108, 109, 115, 124, 127, 132, 135,
136, 141, 143, 144, 149, 150, 153,
154, 158, 160, 161, 163, 165, 167,
179, 181, 192, 211, 226, 245, 250,
251, 256, 257, 258, 266, 267, 268,
272, 319, 332, 340, 342, 351, 367,
377, 380, 392
Stalin, Josef, 7, 20, 29, 30, 31, 33, 41, 64,
67, 78, 105, 108, 123, 140, 151, 156,
158,, 161, 172, 189, 203, 233, 242,
250, 252, 292, 321, 326, 327, 340,
346, 351, 353, 365
S tailings, Jack, 185
Stander, Lionel, 97, 253
Stanford, Albert, 94
Stanford, Steve, 184
Stanford University, 163, 179, 182, 325,
352, 353, 391
Stanford University School of Medicine,
163
Staniforth, Robert 0., 355
Stankert, George, 184
Stanley, Arnold, 268
Stanley, Emma, 215
Stanley,Frederick Jackson, 373
Stanwood, Evans, 4
Stapp, John, 151, 164, 214, 343
Starbuck, Eric, 326
Starkist Tuna, 268
Starobin, Joseph, 186, 226, 338, 340, 343
Starr, Milton, 356
Starr, Penny, 356
Starvis, Loretta, 213
Stasiukevich, Philip, 205
State, County, and Municipal Workers of
America (C.I.O.) 6, 212, 235,
379, 380, 382
State Department of Education (Califor-
nia), 106, 347
State of Affairs, 225
Statement By American Progressives on
the Moscow Trials, 35, 65, 156,
169, 324, 325
Statement Defending Communist Party,
oof* Q77
Statement of American Intellectuals, 156
Statement Urging Ballot Rights for Com-
munists, 55
State Relief Administration, 6, 72, 147,
001 Q84
State-wide' Conference on Civil Rights,
147 172
State-wide' Legislative Conference, 376
Stead. Christina, 276
Stebbins, Lucy Ward, 376
352
Steele, Gertrude, 151
Steele, R. Vernon, 317
Steele, Walter S., 325
Stefanec, Norman, 374
Stefansson, Dr. Vilhjalmur, 113, 114, 169,
170 201, 248, 263, 270, 323, 324,
326, 327, 350, 351, 357, 359
Steffens, Lincoln, 151, 199, 266, 341
Steffen, Paul, 356
Steig, William, 248
Stein, Charles, 226
Stein, Louis, 329, 352
Stein, Paul, 200, 351
Steinbeck, John, 101
Steinberg, Bernard P., 279
Steinberg, Henry, 214
Steinberg, Max, 196
Steiner, Max, 311
C., 152, 183, ISr,
Sterling, Stewart, 252, 255, 279
Stern, Alfred K., 249, 327, 328
Stern, Bernhard J., 199, 270
Stern, Charlotte, 227
Stern, Jeanette, 228
Stern, M., 196
Sternberg, Freda, 278
Sterne, Maurice, 331
Steuben, John, 343
Stevens, Clarice Eleanor, 4, 5
Stevens, Dan, 266
Stevens, Edmund, 326
Stevens, Ethel, 195
Stevens, Naomi, 356
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
441
Stevenson, Philip, 189, 357, 389
Stewart, Donald Ogden, 4, 96, 97, 105,
113, 114, 151, 152, 176, 189, 193,
208, 232, 241, 244, 249, 255, 256,
265, 310, 327, 328, 329, 350, 352,
357, 377, 378, 389, 392
Stewart, Mrs. Donald Ogden, 151, 162,
377
Stewart, Marguerite N., 199
Stewart, Maxwell S., 97, 109, 113, 114,
132, 141, 151, 169, 181, 194, 198,
199, 208, 234, 244, 323, 326, 327,
334, 341
Still, William Grant, 317
Stiller, George, 254, 308
St. John, Robert, 168
Stimson, Chester, 94
Stoermer, Miss Grace S., 19
Stokes, Canon Anson Phelps, 324
Stokowski, Leopold, 324
Stone, Carol, 356
Stone, Constance, 356
Stone, I. F., 108
Stone, John, 211
Stone, Lionel S., 279
Stone, Marc, 270
Stone, Peter, 226
Stone, Samuel W., 94
Stone, S. F., 268
Stone, Thomas E., ??
Storey, Moorfield, 247
Storm, Prof. Hans Otto, 391
Storm, Joan, 316
Stovall, Rev. Edward, 185
Stowe, Everett M., 198
Stowe, Leland, 199
Strachey, John, 194
Strack, Celeste, 6, 179, 181, 182, 185, 186,
188, 213, 359
Strand, Paul, 97, 163, 189, 247, 249, 270,
274, 377, 389
Strang, Gerald, 317
Strasberg, Lee, 171, 238, 278
Straus, Dr. Reuben, 171
Straus, Robert K., 327
Strauss, Leon, 213
Strauss, Theodore, 211, 372
Stravers, Murray, 14
Stravis, Loretta, 213
Strelsin, Alfred, 263
Strickland, W. O. William, 317
Strobel, Jean, 19
Strong, Anna Louise, 97, 107, 199, 227,
228, 246, 261, 274, 326, 329, 343,
352
Strong, Edward, 180
Strong, William, 146
Strovich, William I., 248
Struble, Dr. Mildred, 171
Strudwick, Jane, 211
Strudwick, Shepperd, 211
Struik, Dirk J., 186, 208, 270
St. Sure, Paul, 195
Stuart, Gloria, 97, 250, 252, 255, 256,
257, 277, 278
Stuart, John, 97, 329, 340
Stuart, Louise, 356
Student Advocate, 225, 377
Student Congress Against War, 67, 325
Student League for Industrial Democ-
racy, 178, 338
Student Outlook, 49, 225
Student Review, 225, 377
Student Veterans Coordinating Commit-
tee, 338
Students Rights Association, 6
Stukovsky, Paul, 268
Stumps, Paul, 249
Sturtevant, A. J., 19
Stuyvelaar, Herman, 249
Subversive Registration Act of 1941, 233
Sues, Ilona Ralf , 198
Su, Frank Kai-ming, 198
Sugar, Maurice, 265, 272, 331, 332
Sullivan, Barry, 211
Sullivan, Glenda, 164
Sullivan, Roy W., 359
Sunday Worker, 225, 226, 325
Sun-Lake Drug Co., 343
Sun Rises in the West, 362
Sunshine, Hennie, 356
Surge, The, 225
Survey Graphic, 325
Sutcliffe, Jack, 286
Sutherland, Edward, 255
Sutherland, Genevieve, 19
Sutton, Senator Louis G., 3, 9, 12, 13
Sutton, Olive, 226, 343
Sverdrup, Dr. Harold U., 170, 171
Swabeck, Ames, 273
Swan, Howard, 171
Swanhuyser, Jane, 151
Swanson, Carl, 162
Sward, Dr. Keith, 198, 279
Sweethearts of Service Men, 186, 378, 379
Sweres, Mrs. Mary A., 93
Swerling, Jo, 252, 255
S. W. G. (See Screen Writers Guild)
Swierczewski, Gen. Karol, 100
Swinburne, Curt, 114
Swing, Raymond, 109, 324, 358
Swope, Gerald, 324
Sydnor, Earl, 274
Szigeti, Joseph, 254, 317
Tabak, Louis, 355
Tabb, Rev. Morgan A., 182
Tabouis, Genevieve, 323
Tac, 225
Taft, Dr. Clinton J., 109, 110, 201, 233,
351, 358, 359
Taggard, Genevieve, 97, 114, 181, 194,
227, 228, 244, 270, 274, 277, 390,
391
Talbott, Glenn J., 321
Talk About the Communist Party, A, 48,
57
Tanabe, Fumio, 198
T and T — Trend and Time, 225
Tandy, Frances, 220
Tank, Herb, 343
Tanner, Harry, 343
Tanney, Arno, 356
Tanning, Prof. John B., 226
Tanouye, Sgt. Harry, 183
Tansman, Alexandre, 317
Tanz, Alfred L., 272
Tarasov, Ivan, 177
Tarbell, Ida M., 248
Tarcai, Mary, 97, 104
Tashjian, V. A. K. (alias Dr. Parker),
222
Tatlock, Prof. John S. P., 145
Taubman, Howard, 240
442
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Taulu, Saini, 259
Tavris, Sam, 344
Taylor, , 286
Taylor, Prof. C. Fayette, 109
Taylor, Deems, 241, 331
Taylor, Sen. Glenn H., 202
Taylor, Graham R., 170
Taylor, Kilen, 343
Taylor, Maurice, 340
Teachers' Union of New York, 379
Tedrow, Irene, 97
Teen- Age Art Club, 188
Teen Age Mock Congress, 184
Teeners1 Topics, 49, 225
Teen Life, 225
Teigan, Henry G., 248, 310
Teitel, Leah, 266
Temple, Dr. Ruth, 183
Temple University, 338
Tenney, Senator Jack B., 3, 4, 8, 9, 11,
12, 59, 110, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150,
219, 220, 222, 298, 299, 300, 331,
332, 347, 348, 349, 387, 388
Tenney, Mrs. Linnie, 4, 14
Tenor, Jon, 356
Tenth Anniversary Celebration of
People's Daily World, 56
Terlin, Rose, 180, 193, 208
Terman, Lewis M., 329, 352, 358
Terrill, Katherine, 151, 162, 181, 193,
227, 228
Terry, Mrs. Jessie L., 152, 183, 358, 359
Testimonial Dinner for Ferdinand C.
Smith, 35
Textile Workers, C.I.O., 339
Than, Joseph, 211
Thatcher, Heather, 358
Thayer, Russell, 151
Thayer, V. T., 321
Theatre Arts Committee, 52, 97, 142, 225,
257, 366, 367, 377, 378
Theatre Committee, 323
Theater Committee for Defense of the
Spanish Republic, 124
Theatre Committee to Aid Spanish
Democracy, 377
Theatre Union, 128, 370
Theatre Work Shop, 225, 370
Theodore Dreiser Work Shop, 392
Thery, Jacques, 279
Thielmann, Urban, 311
Think Clearly, 160
Third American Writers Congress, 126
Third Annual Convention of the Los An-
geles County Communist Party,
253
This Is Treason, 103
This Is Your Enemy, 102
Thomas Committee, 60. 110, 116, 132,
146, 152, 164, 189, 202, 241, 258,
260, 274, 330, 387, 388
Thomas, Elbert D., 324
Thomas, Everett C., 186
Thomas, Congressman J. Parnell, 59,
110, 149
Thomas Jefferson Branch of the Commu-
nist Party, 215
Thomas, Laura, 220
Thomas, Mary, 343
Thomas, Norman, 145. 179. 247, 334, 336
Thomas, R. J., 318, 321, 323
Thompson, Dolphin, 378
Thompson, Dorothy, 207
Thompson, Frederick, 94, 116, 216, 233,
329, 352, 358
Thompson, Jackie, 220
Thompson, Rev. John B., 114, 162, 164,
211
Thompson, Knute, 333
Thompson, Louis, 266
Thompson, Louise, 268, 333
Thompson, R., 331
Thompson, Randall, 317
Thompson, Ray, 213, 220
Thompson, Robert, 185, 186, 212, 213
Thompson, Ronald, 95
Thompson, Virgil, 311, 331
Thorek, Dr. Max, 323
Thornton, Frank, 19
Thornton, James N., 94
Thornton, Oliver, 244, 256
Throckmorton, Rev. Dillon W., 145, 163,
233, 329, 352
Thurber, James, 240
Tietz, J. B., 109, 110
Tilden, Samuel J., 355
Tiller, Dixie, 185
Timms, Josephine, 141, 183, 227, 228,
229, 230, 329
Tinker, C. B., 331
Tinsley, Ted, 343
Tippett, Dr. Donald H., 183, 241
Tippy, Dr. Worth M., 193
Tishman, Paul, 354
Titleman, Nathan, 311, 314
Tito, Josip Broz, 66, 140, 229, 241
Tittle, Ernest Fremont, 321
Tittlman, Leonard, 279
Tobey, Berkeley, 375
Tobey, Clarence, 213
Tobias, Chamiing H., 151, 226, 328, 329,
377
Tobriner, Mathew O., 329, 352
Tobriner, Rosabelle, 376
Toby, Merle, 19
Toch, Ernest, 317
Todd, Louise, 213, 249
Togliatti, 241
Toiler, The, 242, 376
Toller, Ernst, 194, 389
Tolman, Prof. Edward C., 112, 113, 352
Tolman, Dr. and Mrs. Edward C., 216
Tomas, Jesus Hernandez, 133
Tom Mooney Labor School, 11, 176, 195,
216, 217
Tomorrow the World, 190
Tom Paine Club, 215
Tompkins, Ann, 184
Tompkins, Dr. Stuart R., 171
Tone, Franchot, 252, 310
Toohey, Pat, 213
Tooker, Dorothea, 198
Toopeekoff, Eugene, 8, 215, 220
Topchevsky, Morris, 95
Torchenko, M., 268
Torguts, The, 276
Torok, Matthew, 183
Torrence, Ridgely, 331
Toveri, 225
Towne, Clara, 161
Towne, Dr. E. B., 145
Town Hall (Philadelphia), 103
Townsend, Dr. Francis E., 195, 203'
Townsend, Leo, 211, 372
Townsend, Mollie, 339
Townsend, Willard, 351
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
443
Toy, Fred, 184, 185
Trachtenberg, Alexander, 117, 194, 213,
214, 270, 274
Trachtenberg, Rabbi Joshua, 352
Tracy, E. F., 329, 352
Trade Union Committee for Free Spain,
217
Trade Union Educational League, 9, 225
Trade Union National Committee for
Russian Relief, 1G9
Trade Union Service, Inc., 49
Trade Union Theatre, 392
Trade Union Unity League, 35, 36, 38,
143, 145
Transport Workers Union of America,
212
Traube, Mildred, 278
Traube, Shepard, 199, 355
Trauber, Jerry, 268
Travis, Robert, 95
Tree, Dorothy, 277, 278, 356
Trenk, Willy, 356
Treskin, Alex, 343
Tretyakov, Sergei, 278
Trillingham, C. C., 386
Trimble, Bruce R., 321
Trinity Baptist Church (Los Angeles),
Trinity Methodist Church (Bakersfield),
163
Trivers, Barry, 97, 261
Troiano, Rose, 180
Trone, S. A., 323
Trotsky, Leon, 156, 190, 192, 300, 301
Trowel Club, 15
Troy, Danny, 344
Truman Doctrine, 87, 184, 319. 350, 374
Truman, President Harry S., 59, 181,
197, 202, 205, 206
Trumbo. Dalton, 58, 60, 97, 105, 116, 132,
133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139,
140, 176, 183, 185, 189, 190, 192,
198, 215, 239, 249, 251, 255, 257,
261, 271, 279, 311, 355, 360, 375
Trumbull, Walter M., 107, 386
Truth About Soviet Russia, 225, 326
Trybuna Robotnicza, 225
Tucker, Rt. Rev. Henry St. George, 324
Tucker, Mrs. James Ellis, 145
Tugent, Mrs. Harry, 255
Tugwell, Rexford G., 239
Tulin, Justine Wise, 244
Tully, Jim, 329, 352
Tulsa University, 339
Turner, Ethel, 358
Turner, Gilbert W., 183
Turner, Jeanette Stern, 228, 230
Turner, Lily, 141, 198
Turner, Nat (See Nathan Titleman)
Turner, Walter, 231, 241
Turning Point, 123, 171
Tussing, Ford M., 19
Tuttle, Frank, 97, 114, 152, 198, 231, 250
252, 253, 255, 256, 257, 258, 276,
279, 329, 352, 355, 358, 374, 378,
382, 390
Tuttle, Tatania, 277, 278, 310
Twentieth Century Book Shop. 224
Twenty-fifth Anniversary of the Red
Army, 319
Twine, Everett, 340
Two Decades of Progress, 224
Two Fathers of Their Countries, 143
Tyler, Capt. Harry W., 295
Tyler, Dr. R. G., 249
Tyler, Rev. William A., 329, 352
Tyne, George, 104, 356
Tyolaisnainen, 225
Tyomies, 225
Tyre, Milton S., 59, 116, 146, 148, 149
U
UCLA (See University of California at
Los Angeles)
Ufheil, Edwin F., 343
UJ Elore, 225
Ujoich, Winko, 268
Underground Stream, 117
Union Theological Seminary, 246
Unitarian Fellowship, 339
Unitarian Young Adult Group
(Berkeley), 339
United Aid for Peoples of African
Descent, 73, 75
United American Artists, 52
United American Spanish Aid Commit-
tee, 115, 141, 270, 350, 353
United Auto Workers, C. I. O., 38, 280
United Cannery, Agricultural, Packing,
and Allied Workers of America,
38, 76, 212, 235
United Christian Council for Democracy,
United Committee for Political Action,
United Committee of Action, 386
United Committee of South Slavic
Americans, 66, 75
United Electrical, Radio and Machine
Workers of America — CIO, 38,
100, 137, 212, 223, 339, 346
United Farm Equipment and Machine
Workers— CIO, 38
United Farm Equipment and Metal
Workers of America, 205, 212
United Farmer, 225
United Federal Workers of America, 212.
379, 380
United Front for Herndon, 335
United Furniture Workers, 207, 212, 221
United May Day Committee, 336
United Negro and Allied Veterans, 203,
338, 339, 378
United Office and Professional Workers
of America — CIO, 7, 38, 52, 73,
115, 130, 212, 234, 339, 340
United Packinghouse Workers, CIO, 204,
339
United Press, 343
United Public Workers — CIO, 38, 60, 72,
73, 203, 212, 272, 280, 339, 379,
380, 381
United Spanish Aid Committee, 234, 253,
381, 382
United States Congress Against War,
150, 320, 385
United States Veterans Council, 386
United Steel Workers— CIO, 38, 205, 221
United Studio Technicians Guild of
North America, 38
United Veterans for Equality, 378
Universal Negro Improvement Associa-
tion, 333
University of California, 5, 6, 8, 95, 162,
172, 179, 352, 373, 389, 390
444
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
University of California at Los Angeles,
162, 170, 177, 179, 182, 187, 188,
258, 280, 311, 317, 349, 369, 389,
390
University of California Press, 373
University of Michigan, 338, 339
University of Montana, 325
University of North Carolina, 325
University of Oklahoma, 339
University of Pennsylvania, 245, 338
University of Texas, 339
University of Toledo, 245
University of Y. W. C. A., 389
Untermann, Ernest, 107
Unterineyer, Gene Star, 240
Untermeyer, Louis, 240, 331, 392
Uralova, Evadokia I., 177, 178
Urey, Professor Harold C., 175, 217, 327
Uris, Michael, 378
U. 8. Week, 225
UUS ILM, 225
Vaillant-Couturie, Mme. Marie-Claude,
228
Vale, Rena M., 152, 224, 256, 314, 316,
347, 362
Valentine, Edward R., 19
Valeska Theatre, 100
Valley, Frank, 311, 313
Van Arsdale, Harry, 162
Van Atta, Dr. Chester, 355
Vanderlaan, Eldred C., 334
van der Schelling, Bart, 100
Vanderveer, G. F., 107
Vandervort, Mrs. Ralph, 239
Van Doren, Carl, 331
Van Doren, Mark, 240, 241, 263, 331, 338
Van Dorn, Pete, 285
van Dusseldorp, Wilma, 376
Van Gelder, Philip H., 323
Vanguard Films, Inc., 260
Vanguard Press, 145
Vanguarda, 225
Van Heflin, Mrs., 211
Van Kleeck, Mary, 113, 132, 169, 170,
181, 194, 201, 228, 244, 277, 324,
351, 357, 375
Van Lacken, , — , 283
Van Luven, Kenneth, 188
Vannier, Leon, 215
Vannier, Marcelle, 220
Van Nordstrand, Joseph, 163
van Paassen, Pierre, 234
Van Praag, Maurice, 311
Vareso, Edgar, 311
Variety, 128, 129, 165
Vassos, John, 168
Vast, Fred, 233, 343
Vaughan, Clifford, 317
Vaughan, Eleanor, 228, 230
Veblen, Prof. Oswald, 327
Vedro, Carl, 213
Vedro, Fay Caller (See Fay Caller)
Velaseo, Alec, 259
Velyatich, Ivan, 259
Venable, Mrs. Zella, 19
Vernadsky, Prof. George, 324
Verne, Mignon, 278
Vernon, John, 104
Veterans Against Discrimination, 378
Veterans Against Discrimination of Civil
Rights Congress of New York, 122
Veterans Association (New York), 338
Veterans National Liaison Committee.
386
Veteran Neivs, 385
Veterans and Wives, 318, 378
Veterans of Equality, 318
Veterans of Foreign Wars, 16, 18, 41, 43,
386
Veterans of the Abraham Lincoln Bri-
gade, 93, 96, 100, 116, 124, 125,
191, 218, 225, 259, 342, 382
Victor, Don, 211
Victory Book Store, 224
Vida Obrera, 225
Vidor, Charles, 252
Vienybe, 225
Villard. Oswald Garrison, 109, 114, 181 ,
196, 211, 247, 327, 334, 351, 352,
391
Vilnis, 225
Vincent, Craig, 323
Vincent, Merle D., 226, 328
Vinton, Evelyn, 164
Vinton, Margaret, 329, 352
Virgil Junior High School, 184
Virgo, Peter, 356
Vogel, Joseph, 266
Vogel, Mortimer, 355
Voice of Freedom, 225
Voice of Freedom Committee, 192, 193
Voice of Working, Women, 225
Voice of the Rank and File, 281
Voks ( See All-Union Society for Cultural
Relations With Foreigners)
Volunteer for Liberty, 100, 225
Volz, Herman, 356
Vonnoh, Bessie P., 331
Voorhies, Fred, 293
Vorhaus, Bernard, 211
Vorse, Mary Heaton, 273
Voters Committee of the Arts and
Sciences, 262
Vruch, Mrs. Murray, 149
Vurgason, Joseph A., 19
W
Wachsman, Bob, 255, 317, 355
Wachtel, Arthur, 377
Wagenknecht, Alfred, 266
Wagner, Alice, 94
Wagner, E. A., 316
Wagner, John, 163
Wagner, Robert F., 181, 351
Wald, Jerry, 211, 252
Wald, Lillian D., 248
Waldbaum, Saul C., 266
Waldeck, Mrs. Louis, 198, 200
Walden, Clare R., 170
Walden, Michael A., 170
Waldman, Herman, 356
Walker, Charles R., 244, 266
Walker, Ferdie, 220
Walker, Hudson, 323
Walker, Thelma, 356
Wall, Edward, 4
Wallace, Carl, 19
Wallace, Henry A., 58, 59, 183, 184, 206,
217, 354
Wallace, James, 109
Wallace, J. K., 252
Wallace, Pat, 356
Wallenstein, Alfred, 311, 316, 317
Waller, Margaret, 96, 151
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
445
Walling, Elizabeth Bacon, 327
Walls, Bishop W. J., 324
Walsh, Dr. J. Raymond, 114, 115, 179,
273, 327, 354, 391
Walters, George, 94
Walt Whitman Book Shop, 224
Wanamaker, Sam, 392
Wangenheim, Gustav, 278
Wanger, Ruth, 151
Wanger, Walter, 132, 255, 309, 358, 360
Wangerin, Otto, 226, 273
Wangerin, Otto, 343
Wanted — A Free Spain, 217
Ward, Cortney, 163
Ward, Doug, 213, 343, 358
Ward, Estolv, 249
Ward, Harold, 198
Ward, Dr. Harry F., 114, 132, 145, 151,
169, 181, 200, 201, 233, 244, 245,
246, 247, 324, 326, 327, 343, 351,
352, 353, 391
Ward, Mrs. Harry F., 277, 334
Ward, L. K., 343
Ward, Lynd, 189, 248
Ward, Mildred, 383
Warde, Harlan, 356
Wardwell, Allen, 170, 370
Ware, Mrs. Alice H., 163
Ware, Harold M., 357
Warfield, Joseph, 356
Warmer, Dr. George A., 185, 358
Warmke, Leon, 19
Warne, Clore, 233, 267, 279, 330, 332,
355
Warne, Prof. Colston E., 151, 265, 328,
334, 341
Warner, Arthur, 247
Warner, Jr., Mrs. George A., 278
Warren, Althea, 171, 353
Warren, Governor Earl, 261
Warren, Katherine, 358
Wartime Trade Union Problems, 148
Washburn, Mrs. Mary Ellen, 195
Washington Committee for Aid to China
(Washington, D. C.), 143, 336
Washington Committee for Democratic
Action, 335, 342
Washington Committee to Lift Spanish
Embargo, 335, 336
Washington, Forrester B., 375
Washington Friends of Spanish Democ-
racy, 336
Washington League for Women
Shoppers, 336
Washington Peace Mobilization, 342
Washington Post, 117, 131
Washington Tom Mooney Committee,
336
Wasilewska, Wanda, 326
Wasserberger, Oscar, 311, 317
Waterman, Leroy, 323
Watkins, Franklin, 331
Watkins, Morris, 258
Watson, Senator Clyde A., 3, 15
Watson, Goodwin, 179, 341
Watson, John S., 19
Watson, Keegan, 19
Watson, Max, 285, 288
Watson, Morris, 151, 162, 211, 328, 329,
342, 352, 377, 386
Watt, George, 213
Watters, Bill, 211
Watts, Richard, 241
Wax, Hymen Elliott, 201, 316
Waxman, Al S., 183, 198, 215, 224, 279,
344
Waxman, Franz, 255, 317
Waymouth, Mary, 329, 352
Wayne University, 339
Ways Things Are, The, 120
WBNX Radio Station, 264
Weatherwax, Clara, 233, 244, 248, 329,
352
Webb, Beatrice, 199, 326
Webb, Roy, 311
Webb, Sidney, 199, 326
Webber, Rev. Charles C., 271
Webber, Eric, 343
Webber, Max, 189
Webber, Melvin, 339
Weber, Joe, 205
Weber, Max, 97, 202, 248, 263, 324, 329
Weber, Otto, 151
Weber, Palmer, 392
Webster, Margaret, 323, 358
Wechsler, Herbert T., 265, 266, 331
Wechsler, James, 108, 196, 197, 377
Weckler, Dr. Joseph, 171
Weekly Review, 98, 186, 225
We Hold These Truths, 318, 368
Weill, Irrna, 376
Weill, Kurt, 317, 378
Weinberg, Lawrence M., 332
Weiner, Abraham S., 355
Weiner, Carl, 146
Weiner, William, 167, 268
Weingarten, Larry, 255
Weinstein, Rabbi Jacob, 249
Weinstein, Robert, 380
Weinstock, Louis, 163, 194, 196, 200, 201,
212, 245
Weis, Rabbi J. Max, 132
Weisbord, Albert, 107
Weisman, Maxwell N., 179, 270
Weiss, Hilda, 226
Weiss, Irwin, 281
Weiss, J., 344
Weiss, James Waterman, 194, 248, 273
Weiss, Marguerite R., 146, 149
Weiss, Max, 186, 213
Weiss, Thelma, 186
Welch, Claude L., 198, 279
Welch, Marie Del, 341, 358, 359
Welch, Norval, 294, 295, 296, 297
Welcome Home, Joe, 102, 138, 147, 183
Weldt, Elizabeth, 377
Welenkin, J., 242
Weller, Roman, 107
Welles, Orson, 97, 114, 132 179 181,
188, 234, 244, 248, 252, 254, 255,
263! 265; 273, 317, 358, 375, 378,
390
Wellman, Saul, 94, 213
Wellman, Wilbur, 94
230
Went, Dr. Fritz W., 242
Wentworth, Henry, 94
Werfel, Franz, 323, 324
Werglen, Don, 94
Werner, Max, 234
Wertheim, Maurice, 170
Wescott, Glenway, 331
Wesley, John, 274
Wesselhoeft, Mary F., 329, 352
446
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
West Adams Club of the Communist
Party, 214
West, George P., 358, 359
West, James, 186
West, Nathaniel, 273, 310
Western Council for Progressive Labor in
Agriculture, 383
Western Worker, 6, 9, 10, 118, 147, 156,
189, 223
Western Writers Congress, 6, 147, 172
Westminster Fellowship, 280, 338
Westmoreland, Marguerita, 19
Weston, Edward, 216
Weston, Joe, 355
Weston, Rev. Robert T., 181
Westicood Hills Press, 390
WEVD Radio Station, 264
Wexley,John, 104, 189, 194, 238, 275,
382
Weyand, Ruth, 265
Weyl, Mrs. Bertha Pool, 179
Weymouth, Prof. F. W.f 163, 175, 185,
249, 271, 329, 353
Weymouth, Dr. and Mrs. Frank, 216
Whacker, Bill, 343
What to Do With Germany, 121
What's on Your Mind About Russia? 218
Whedon, Mrs. John, 198
Wheeldin, Herbert, 213
Wheeldon, Don, 203
Wheeler, Helen, 185
Wheelock, J. H., 331
Where Do We Stand Today, 217
Whitaker, Rev. Robert, 233, 341, 358
White, David McKelvey, 179
White, Jack, 185
White, Josh, 392
White, Maude. 266
White, Robert E., 377
White, Rabbi Saul, 185
White, Theodore H., 240
White, William A. P., 216
White, William J., 266
Whitebread, Jane, 196
Whitehouse, Mrs. Norman de R., 227
White Mountain Writers Conference,
126
Whitfield, Rev. Owen, 163
Whiting, Lyn, 200, 351
Whitman, Alden, 270
Whitman, Hazel, 337
Whitney, A. F., 151, 181, 244, 273, 324,
343, 351, 354
Whitney, Anita, 107, 185, 213, 266, 267,
358, 359
Whitney, Glen, 203
Whitney, Lynn, 356
Whitney, Mary T., 233
Whitty, Dame May, 271
Whorton, Jack, 339
Why Work for Nothing, 194, 195
Widder, Louis, 94
Widdows, Charles H., 19
Wieman, Dr. Henry N., 151, 323, 352
Wienman, Henry N., 132
Wiesalman, Sol, 233
Wilby, Celia, 161
Wilde, Cornel. 211
Wilder, Alec, 392
Wilder, Alvin, 219
Wilder, Billy, 211
Wilder, Thornton, 331
Wilder, William, 252
Wile, Everett, 184
Wile, Ira S., 248
Wilkerson, Doxey, 208
Wilkerson, William, 274
Wilkins, Hubert, 248
Wilkins, Hugh, 152, 233
Wilkins, William, 259
Willcox, Mrs. Elsie, 338
Williams, Aaron, 378
Williams, Albert Rhys, 199, 227, 228, 245,
326, 358
Williams, Aubrey, 181, 354
Williams, Carl, 343
Williams, Claude C., 131, 211, 324
Williams, David Rhys, 266, 273, 353, 358
Williams, Ed., 333
Williams, Frances, 227, 356
Williams, Fred, 215, 220
Williams, George E., 311, 313
Williams, Dr. George H., 185
Williams, Mr. and Mrs. Gordon, 195
Williams, John, 35, 94
Williams, Mannie, 146
Williams, Mervin, 104, 356
Williams, William Carlos, 248
Williamson, John, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206,
208, 209, 212, 213, 343
Williamson, John F., 317
Willis, Prof. Bailey, 112
Willner, Mrs. George, 279
Willner, Mrs. Tiba, 62
Wilson, Calvert S., 161
Wilson, Rev. Chad., 162
Wilson, Dorothy, 278
Wilson, Frank E., 94
Wilson, George, 249, 358, 359
Wilson, Joe, 384
Wilson, Libby, 214
Wilson, Luke W., 354
Wilson, Martel, 19
Wilson, M. L., 181
Wilson, Saul, 261
Wilson, Mrs. T. E., 19
Wilson, Teddy, 186, 249
Wilson, Walker, 266
Wilson, Walter, 245
Windheim, Marek, 311
Windsor, Mary Jane, 185
Winebrenner, Dolph, 4, 193
Winfrey, Mrs. J. H., 355
Winneman, Paul H., 386
Winner, 182, 383
Winocur, Jack, 141
Winsor, Iris, 278
Winspear, Alban D., 95
Winston, Harry, 213
Winston, Henry, 213
Winter, Ella, 4, 114, 151, 152, 189, 193,
194, 227, 249, 277, 326, 328, 341,
377
Winter, Ezra, 331
Winters, Carl, 121, 212, 369
Win the Peace Committee, 218
Win the Peace Conference, 104, 124, 318
Winthrop, Jean, 341
Wintringham, T. H., 94
Wirin, A. L., 109, 110, 233, 265, 266, 332,
358, 359
Wirtz, Bob, 93, 266, 328
Wise, Harold F., 195
Wise, James Waterman, 114, 151, 179,
181, 196, 199, 200, 201, 244, 261,
266, 351
Wise, Dr. Stephen S., 96, 146, 358
Wise, Mrs. Stephen S., 227, 228, 278
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
447
Wiseman, Sam, 383
Wishart, Dr. Charles F., 323
With a Banker on My Knee, 164
Witt, Bert, 60, 346, 357
Witt, Herbert, 353
Witt, John L., 329
Witt, Nathan, 249, 265, 270, 329, 332
Wittenburg, Roxie, 179
Wittke, Carl W., 199
Wives (See Veterans and Wives)
Wives and Sweethearts of Servicemen,
378
Wixmon, Prof. S. M., 148
WNEW Radio Station, 264
WNYC Radio Station, 264
Wolf, Benedict, 270
Wolf, Dr. Ernest Victor, 311
Wolf, Friedrich, 278
Wolf, J., 343
Wolf, James H., 198
Wolfe, Edwin, 274
Wolfe, Franklin P., 258
Wolfe, George, 375
Wolfe, James H., 324
Wolff, 303
Wolff, Adolph, 261
Wolff, David, 247
Wolff, Milton, 271
Wolfson, Martin, 377
Wollin, Galina, 179
Wolman, Leo, 247
Wolman, Max, 19
Woman Power, 49, 225
Women Today, 225
Women's International Congress Against
War and Fascism, 227
Women's International Democratic Fed-
eration, 187, 192, 230
Wong, Anna May, 310
Wong, Prof. B. C., 145
Wood, Audrey, 240
Wood, Barry (See Jeff Kibre)
Wood, Charles Erskine Scott, 249, 328,
329, 352, 377
Wood, Elizabeth A., 110, 171, 353
Wood, J. B. Collings, 357
Wood, Maxine, 329, 352
Wood, Robert, 121, 134, 166, 330, 362
Wood, Scott, 391
Woodruff, John, 328, 377
Woodruff, Susan H., 245
Woods, Dr. and Mrs. Baldwin, 195
Woods, Dr. Elizabeth L., 171
Woods, George, 356
Woodward, Mrs. Ellen S., 227
Wool, Aaron, 151
Woolf, Helene, 273
Woolley, Angers, 198, 200
Woolley, Emily, 376
Woolley, Dr. Mary E., 113, 114, 181, 186,
228, 239, 244, 271, 278, 324, 327,
329, 351, 352, 353, 359
Worcester, Daisy Lee, 376
Work, 225
Work, Merrill, 333
Worker, The, 49, 118, 119, 132, 136, 140
Worker's Alliance of America, 6, 73, 142,
160, 180, 223, 234, 235, 253, 313,
316, 380, 383, 384
Workers Book Shop, New York, 121
Workers Ex-Servicemen's League (See
American League of Ex-Service-
men)
Workers International Relief, 159
Workers Library Publishers, 48, 120, 144,
Workers' Life, 225
Workers Monthly, 225
Workers' Party, 242, 243
Worker's Press, 9
Workers School, 51, 101, 269, 348
Workers School in New York City, 98,
101
Workers Theater, 237, 238
Working Class Theatre, 126
Working Woman, The, 225
Workman, Mrs. Mary J., 277
Workman, The, 225
World Congress Against War, 67, 150,
384
World Federation of Democratic Youth,
The, 54, 186, 187
World Federation of Trade Unions, 54,
187
World for Peace and Democracy, 225
World in Music, The, 393
World Jewish Congress, ??
World News and Views, 225
World Tomorrow, 246
World Youth Conference, 187
World Youth Congress, 185
World Youth Council, 54
World Youth Festival, 339
Worley, Rev. Lloyd I., 233
Wortis, Helen, 230
Wortman, Denys, 331
Wossy, Leon, 186
Wright, Art, 339
Wright, Frank Lloyd, 199, 321
Wright, Richard, 101, 141, 162, 274, 328,
377
Wright, R. R., 354
Wright, Virginia, 101, 198, 202, 252, 255
Writer and Organization, 130
Writers and Artists Committee for Med-
ical Aid to Spain, 389
Writers Congress (at U.C.L.A.), 135,
158, 192, 258, 273, 322, 342, 389
Writers Defend Minority Rights, 127
Writers of the World Meet in the Page
of a Soviet Magazine, 123
Writers Workshop, 137
WU, Rev. Daniel G. C., 145
Wurtz, Whitey, 297
Wyatt, Jane, 211
Wygal, Winnifred, 181
Wyler, Margaret T., 211
Wyler, William, 211, 255
Wyler, Mrs. William, 252, 355
Wyloge, K., 259
Yakhontoff, Victor A., 189, 196, 198, 216,
270, 326
Yale University, 178
Yama, Mary, 339
Yanish, Nat, 209
Yanks Are Not Coming Committee, 33,
63, 67, 179, 253, 268, 272
Yankwich, Judge Leon R., 14, 348, 349,
350
Yankwich, Mrs. Leon, 349
Yankwich, Judge and Mrs. Leon, 349
Yanover, Jules, 311
Yanow, Anita, 199
Yanow, Mrs. Arthur, 198
Yanowsky, Harry, 94
448
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Yates, Oleta O'Connor, 11, 214
Yergen, Dr. Max, 112, 113, 114, 151, 162,
181, 200, 208, 211, 226, 232, 244,
270, 271, 318, 320, 324, 325, 328,
329, 340, 350, 351, 352, 353, 359,
391
Yergin, Irving, 211
Ying, Dr. Li Yu, 114
Yorty Committee, 6, 72, 147, 331, 379
Yost, Dean Mary, 324
Youell, Mrs. Frank, 195
Young, Art, 114, 201, 233, 248, 270, 271,
323, 328, 340, 377, 389
Young, Barney, 220
Young, Harriet, 334
Young, Jack, 343
Young, Lillian, 259
Young, Marguerite, 97
Young, M. M., 331
Young, Ned, 356
Young, Ruth, 227, 228, 230, 270
Young, Sam, 184
Young, Stark, 331
Young, Verna, 227
Young, Dr. William Lindsay, 109, 110,
321
Young Adult Leadership Council, 338
Young Communist League, 54, 91, 95, 98,
102, 130, 134, 136, 137, 145, 147,
149, 152, 159, 162, 180, 181, 182,
185, 186, 187, 188, 190, 193, 195,
197, 230, 250, 252, 256, 277, 293,
294, 295, 296, 309, 315, 338, 370,
380, 389
Young Communist Review, 181, 185
Young Comrade, 225
Young Fraternalist, 225
Young Men's Christian Association, 246,
339, 389, 390
Young People's Records, 390, 392
Young Pioneer, 225
Young Progressive Citizen's Committee,
393
Young Progressive Citizens of America,
339
Young Women's Christian Association,
246, 339, 389, 390
Young Worker's League, 145
Youngstown Post (United Negro and
Allied Veterans of America), 338
Youth, 49, 225
Youth Council, 137, 389
Youth of Maxim, 373
Youth Political Action Committee, 354
Yurka, Blanche, 114
Yutang, Lin, 199
Zakon, Bob, 184
Zakow, Bob, 184, 188
Zander, Arnold, 60
Zara, Louis, 274
Zarach, William, 270
Zaroff, Evelyn, 259
Zaslavsky, David, 119
Zeitlin, Jacob, 355
Zeitlin, Joseph, 321
Zelman, Benjamin M., 229
Zemach, Benjamin, 196
Zero Hour, 128
Zetkin, Clara, 227
Zhitlowsky, Dan, 179
Zieber, Dr. Clifford, 171
Ziegler, George, 19
Ziegner, William, 196
Ziffren, Phyllis, 146, 241
Zimand, Gertrude, 277
Zimbalist, Efrem, 311
Zimbalist, Mrs. Efrem, 170
Zimbalist, Sam, 252, 255, 314
Zimmerman, Charles S., 334, 336
Zimmerman, Dr. J. F., 323
Zimmerman, Patti, 184
Zinke, Dr. George W., 171
Zinoviev, Gregory, 232, 233
Ziskind, David, 265
Zmrhal, Dr. J. J., 324
Zorach, William, 114, 240, 263, 353
Zugsmith, Arthur, 96
Zugsmith, Leane, 113, 151, 189, 227, 233,
273, 277, 323
Zukas, Bronislaus Joseph, 6, 157, 235
Zukas-Scmwa Committee, 157
zu Lowenstein, Princess Helgo, 271, 351
Zworykin, Dr. Vladimir Kosmo, 324
Zysman, Dale, 329
Zytomirska, Xenia, 231
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